2013年6月大学英语四级预测试题1.docx

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Part VI Translation(5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English theChinese given in brackets. Please write yourtranslation on Answer Sheet 2.87. It is absolutely unfair that the children in remote and poorareas ___________________________________________________________(被剥夺了受教育的权利).88. Only in the presence of family members and close friends___________________________________________________________(她才能像正常人一样谈话).89. The morn you put your time and effort into the project,___________________________________________________________(她才能像正常人一样谈话).90. The international co--unity is increasingly aware of the factthat___________________________________________________________( 中国在国际事务中正起着越来越重要的作用).91. This informs you of the important steps of how to___________________________________________________________大学英语四级考试模拟题一答案精析Part I Writing[范文]Internet and theDistance among PeopleToday, the Internet has become an indispensable part of our life.We can have a video-chat with friends who are on the other side of the planet;we order food or buy other things through websites... The Internet provides uswith so much convenience that it has changed the way we live.Wherever there is access to the Internet, communication can becarried out through instant messaging,online communities, micro-blogs and soforth. But despite the great convenience the Internet brings about, we find thedistance among people becomes farther, instead of nearer. We play online gamesand forget to call the family; we sit alone surfing the net with mobile phoneswhen classmates are gathering together; children today often play with thetablet computers, rather than with other kids from the neighborhood.In my view, we should use the Internet reasonably, and keep inmind that the real life is much more meaningful than the virtual one. To becloser to other people, we should talk with them, using our voice, instead offinger tips. And we should pass this idea on to the younger generation.【译文】互联网与人们之间的距离如今，互联网已经成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题（标准卷）Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注：2013年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。

Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expen sive, especially when you factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’re basically stuck with a four pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like a mirage（幻影）in the distance, more like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at I rvine’s medical program this fall. “They weren’t using it as a source of communication because they couldn’t read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil.”The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it’ll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year.“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’s giving me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, et c., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there’s no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.”He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览) afew chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building bloc ks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says, “We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”Next he pulls up a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learning experi ence that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’s clear why this would be something a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how it works!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They’ll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s an added layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____. A)A) they are not reused once a new edition comes outB) they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C) Very few of them are available in the market.D) Many people still have difficulty using them.3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4. Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem wi th Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream productsD) they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A) a good example of the mainstream productsB) a marvelous product of many creative ideasC) a platform for building multimedia contentD) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks6. The author is most excited about lnkling’s notation system because one can_____.A) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC) vote for the best learners democraticallyD) store information on the cloud7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takesa great deal of _____.9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orange juice.C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12. A) Fitness training. B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming. D) Directorship of the club.13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater. B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed. D) The heating system doesn’t work.14. A) Committing theft. B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping. D) Posing for the camera.15. A) She is taking some medicine. B) She has not seen a doctor yet.C) She do es not trust the man’s advice. D) She has almost recovered from the cough.16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office. B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room. D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college. B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech. D) She is good at conveying her message.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20. A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To give space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments to different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing pattern.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.B) It usually doesn’t require any special attention.C) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It usually lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They emotionally receive their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They share similar interests with friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) ___________________________________________________ _________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in ga s stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that ex planation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the c ompany commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s de cision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’t74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze （小睡）can 77 creativity.According to , you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’t81 being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly. 82 snapping。

2013年6月英语四级考试预测试题(1)总分：710分及格：426分考试时间：120分Part I Writing（30 minutes）(1)1．互联网已成为生活中重要的组成部分2．互联网既拉近了人们之间的距离，也使人际关系疏远了许多3．我们应该怎么做Internet and the Distance among People_________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __Part II Reading Comprehension （15 minutes）(1)<strong>根据下列材料，请回答{TSE}题Healthy habits can help you live longer</strong>Leda Beierle has lived through World War I and II, the Great Depression, Louisville's 1937 flood and 18 US presidents,When she was born 100 years ago, the Titanic had yet to sink.Beierle, who is mentally sharp and lives on her own, suspects that she's still around because of "good living, "which she describes as no smoking or drinking, and good luck."I can't complain," she said, shortly after her birthday earlier this month. "I haven't had any serious matter with me. "Some people live long because they've essentially won the genetic lottery, said Brian Kennedy, an expert on aging who also happens to be Beierle's grandson."They chose the right parents," said Kennedy, president and chief executive officer of the California-based Buck Institute for Research on Aging.But for the rest of us, health behaviors do matter, he and others say."It's like 30 percent genetics, 70 percent lifestyle," said Dr. Deborah Danner of the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Ky. " After you turn 80, it's more genetics than anything else,because if you make it to 80 and you don't have heart disease, hypertension ( 高血压)——all those kind of things——you're very unlikely to get them. "Last year, the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a study showing that people who practiced healthy habits lived longer than those who didn't. Those behaviors included eating healthfully, getting regular physical activity, keeping alcohol use moderate, and never smoking.Dr. Roxanne Sukol, medical director of the Cleveland Clinic's Wellness Enterprise, tells people to place an emphasis on being active; making smart dietary choices such as avoiding trans fat; and managing stress."I think the most important choices that we make are at the intersection of those three aspects," said Sukol,who suggests shifting your diet away from packaged and processed foods. "Soda, potato chips, even granola bars...I don't eat anything that has 52 ingredients in the ingredient list. "She also advocates a daily walk or other physical activity, such as yard work.Kennedy suggests getting good-quality sleep andtaking steps to slash excess calories.Cutting back on red meat also might be helpful. In a study published online this month by the Archives of Internal Medicine, researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health found that regular consumption of red meat,especially processed meat, was associated with an increased risk of mortality.Eating one serving a day of unprocessed red meat was associated with a 13 percent risk of mortality. Having a serving a day of processed meat, such as one hot dog or two slices of bacon, was associated with a 20 percent increased risk.In a study published online this month by the Journal of the American Medical Association, people who met a half dozen or more recommended cardiovascular health measures had a lower risk of death than people who met a lot fewer ones. The factors or behaviors included being physically active, eating a healthy diet and not smoking.Other factors included having normal blood pressure, blood sugar, total cholesterol (胆固醇．and weight.Sukol strongly recommends not smoking.Cigarette smoking "is associated with a number of serious illnesses, not the least of which is hardening of the arteries, and that affects your heart, your brain, your kidneys, everything," she said.Positivity also may play a role in living longer.Danner and colleagues analyzed the autobiographies of about 180 Catholic nuns, scoring them on emotional content. The autobiographies were written when the women were in their late teens and early 20s."Some were more positive than others," said Danner, director of education and outreach for the Alzheimer's Disease Center at Sanders-Brown. "They would have similar events, but some people would describe them as just matter-of-fact-‘ I was bore'-in contrast to ‘I was welcomed into this joyous world.' "The study, which was published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in May 2001, "found that the sisters who used more positive emotion words in those early writings lived 8 to 10 years longer," Danner said."If you're more positive, something bad can happen, but you're quickly able to work through it," she said."And as you do that, then it has less stress on your body's organs. "Some of Beierle's relatives credit her positivity, in addition to good genes, with helping her to live to age 100.Beierle, a mother of two, also stayed active for most of her life, doing things like swimming and award-winning bowling.But Kennedy, 45, said many centenarians have not followed the health advice being preached today."If you ask centenarians when they were in their 50s what did they do, what you find is that they tended to be a little bit heavier than the average population, they were more likely to smoke, they did drink a little bit less, but that's even a bit surprising because moderate alcohol consumption is associated with longevity," he said."They weren't vegetarians. They didn't exercise. Nothing we tell people to do. But they're the exception, not the rule. "Ultimately, Kennedy said, "You can take charge of your own aging. "{TS}Beierle thinks she lives long because __________.A. she exercises a lotB. she doesn't take things seriouslyC. she has a good lifestyle and good luckD. she has good genetics(2)If you win the genetic lottery, you are likely to __________.A. develop healthy habitsB. develop cardiovascular problemsC. live a healthy lifeD. live longer than other people(3)Which of the following is TRUE according to Dr. Danner?A. It's genes that determine whether a person can live for more than 80 years.B. It's lifestyle that determines whether a person can live for more than 80 years.C. A person who doesn't have vital diseases at his or her 80 should thank the genes he or she has inherited.D. People who are already over 80 years old can hardly get heart disease and hypertension.(4)Which of the following is NOT recommended if a person is making smart dietary choices?A. Avoiding trans fat.B. Choosing foods that have fewer ingredients.C. Choosing foods that are well packaged and finely processed.D. Reading carefully the ingredient list before making choices.(5)In a study published by __________, some researchers found that eating too much red meat was linked to an increased risk of mortality.A. Archives of Internal MedicineB. Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyC. Journal of the American Medical AssociationD. Harvard School of Public Health(6)In this passage, who strongly recommends not smoking?A. Beierle's grandson.B. Researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health.C. Dr. Deborah Danner of the Sanders-Brown Center.D. Medical director of the Cleveland Clinic's Wellness Enterprise,(7)Why were the autobiographies of about 180 Catholic nuns analyzed?A. To find out whether positivity may play a role in living longer.B. To find out whether a lot of exercise will affect people's health.C. To determine the causes of some health problems.D. To gather some data about living under stress.快速阅读（填空）(1)In a study, Danner found the nuns __________lived 8 to 10 years longer.(2)According to some of Beierle's relatives, Beierle's positivity, in addition to good genes, helps her __________(3)According to Kennedy, those centenarians who have not followed the health advice are __________听力ABPart III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）(1)<p> Questions <strong>{TSE}</strong> are based on the following passage.The festive break is fast becoming a distant memory and for many, New Year fitness regimes are too.Despite 2.6m people starting diets on New Year's Day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up, <u>47</u>exercise and gorging on comfort food.Findings, <u>4 </u>by weightloss firm XLS-Medical, suggest that the<u>49</u>majority are unsuccessful at sticking to their diets for more than five days a week. Two out of 10 dieters<u> 50</u> they have their first diet relapse (退步．just four to five days in, with hunger cited as the main cause. Boredom and alcohol were<u>51</u> blamed for people failing to keep their health kick on track.Dr. Matt Capehorn, Clinical Director of the National Obesity Forum,<u> 52</u> that just one day off from dieting can undo a week's worth of hard work. He told Female First:"A healthy diet, aimed at losing 11b per week, relies on saving 3500 calories a week by having 500 calories less each day. ""A day off the diet should mean that you eat the correct amount, but many dieters see it as an excuse to binge ( 大吃大喝．and have thousands of calories more than they need. "The results suggest that a<u>53</u>590,000 could already have<u>54</u>to stick to New Year diet resolutions. And a vast majority are unaware of the negative impact a single day off can have on their weight loss efforts.Yet<u>55</u>it was found only 5 percent of women stick to their diets until they've<u>56</u>their target weight.A．massive B．reached C．highlightedD．blamed E．shunningF．stillG．released H．lostI．alsoJ．admittedK．treatedL．dietedM．overallN．vastO．failed{TS}请在____47______处填上答案(2)请在____48______处填上答案(3)请在____49______处填上答案(4)请在____50______处填上答案(5)请在____51______处填上答案(6)请在____52______处填上答案(7)请在____53______处填上答案(8)请在____54______处填上答案(9)请在___55______处填上答案(10)请在___56______处填上答案(11) Questions {TSE} are based on the following passage.People's tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left, and they had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open un-spoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense of freedom they derive from contact with nature. In the national parks especially, modem development of housing and industry is strictly controlled. Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest. Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel. Another path,lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance walker and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy, without feeling disturbed by large numbers of their fellows.Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone's benefit. The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by ( 英国的路旁停车带). A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, akettle and a portable stove. They thensettle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car. Apparently their idea of enjoyment is to get into the fresh air and amongst the country sights and sounds without having to walk a yard. They seem almost to like to hear and to smell the traffic.{TS}In Britain it is very risky to __________A. go with a single railway ticketB. listen to pop-music at the festivalC. sleep in the openD. pack together in crowds(12)At the end of the festival, many young fans__________A. were arrested by the policeB. had spent most of their moneyC. were sleeping outD. became quite penniless(13)Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large __A. tracks through the open countryB. areas of country without soilC. areas of countryside not developedD. expanses of land where nobody works(14)Public pathways are created for people to__________A. commute to workB. enjoy long-distance walkingC. walk to maritime countiesD. visit the historic or scenic sites(15)Family groups nowadays like to __________A. have meals out of doors by the road-sideB. go for a walk away from homeC. drive out past the beautiful placesD. hear and smell the animals(16)Questions {TSE} are based on the following passage.Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else——he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish. "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. " Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is theright color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. "Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way.Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only"having a look around". She is "always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tellsher, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So mostdress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.{TS}When a man is buying clothes, __________A. he chooses things that others recommendB. he buys cheap things, regardless of qualityC. he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensiveD. he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right firings(17)In commerce a good salesman is one who__________A. sells something a customer does not particularly wantB. always has in stock the thing the customer wantsC. can find out quickly the goods requiredD. does not waste his time on difficult customers(18)What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants?A. He buys something that is similar enough to the ideal one.B. He usually does not buy anything.C. At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.D. So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.(19)According to this passage, when shopping for clothes, women__________A. often buy things without thinkingB. seldom buy cheap clothesC. welcome suggestions from anyoneD. never take any advice(20)What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?A. The tact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.B. Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.C. Women stand up while shopping, but men sit down.D. The time they take over buying clothes.PartIV Cloze（15 minutes）(1)根据下列材料，请回答{TSE}题When we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, etc.——a few exceptionally gifted men with <u>67</u>talent and genius.The tendency to regard creativity and <u>68</u> thinking as the exclusive<u>69</u>of a lucky few disregards the creative<u>70</u> inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to face——the<u>71</u>anddevelopment of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old methods,<u> 72 </u>inventions and products.Everyone has creative ability to some <u>73</u> .Creative thinking <u>74</u>posing oneself a problem and then <u>75</u> or inventing a solution along new and unconventional lines. It involves <u>76</u> new analogies, discovering new combinations, and/or new applications of things that are already known. It <u>77</u> , then, that a creative person will <u>78</u> great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information which he will be able to <u>79</u> out and combine, in the solution of problems. He will be emotionally <u>80 </u>to new and unconventional idea sand will be able to communicate uninhibitedly and will not be too <u>81</u> about other people's reaction to his apparently" crazy" <u>82</u> . People called the Wright brothers<u> 83</u> but it did not stop them <u>84</u> becoming the first men <u>85</u> and fly heavier-than-air <u>86</u>.{TS}A. scarceB. rareC. littleD. weird(2)A. illustriousB. illustrativeC. imaginativeD. imaginary(3)A. districtB. regionC. activityD. province(4)A. aspectsB. thingsC. prospectsD. expectations(5)A. inventionB. discoveryC. analysisD. advancement(6)A. temporaryB. extantC. aliveD. existing(7)A. expanseB. boundaryC. expansionD. extent(8)A. concludesB. includesC. involvesD. excludes(9)A. originatingB. orientatingC. organizingD. oscillating(10)A. drawingB. imaginingC. paintingD. following(11)A. dawns onB. followsC. realizesD. comprehends(12)A. performB. show offC. show aroundD. demonstrate(13)A. seekB. workC. sortD. find(14)A. receptiveB. heartyC. indifferentD. notable(15)A. angryB. happyC. concernedD. satisfied(16)A. illnessesB. impressionsC. notionsD. thinkings(17)A. dangerousB. conventionalC. riskyD. mad(18)A. toB. forC. fromD. by(19)A. constructingB. to constructC. having constructedD. for constructing(20)A. satelliteB. balloonC. space shuttleD. craftPart V Translation （5 minutes）(1)It is absolutely unfair that the children in remote and poor areas ___________________________________________________________(被剥夺了受教育的权利).(2)Only in the presence of family members and close friends___________________________________________________________ (她才能像正常人一样谈话).(3)The morn you put your time and effort into the project,___________________________________________________________ (她才能像正常人一样谈话).(4)The international co--unity is increasingly aware of the fact that___________________________________________________________ ( 中国在国际事务中正起着越来越重要的作用).(5)This informs you of the important steps of how to___________________________________________________________ (避免在国外旅行期间生病).答案和解析Part I Writing（30 minutes）(1) :<strong>Internet and the Distance among People</strong>Today, the Internet has become an indispensable part of our life. We can have a video-chat with friends who are on the other side of the planet; we order food or buy other things through websites... The Internet provides us with so much convenience that it has changed the way we live.Wherever there is access to the Internet, communication can be carried out through instant messaging,online communities, micro-blogs and so forth. But despite the great convenience the Internet brings about, we find the distance among people becomes farther, instead of nearer. We play online games and forget to call the family; we sit alone surfing the net with mobile phones when classmates are gathering together; children today often play with the tablet computers, rather than with other kids from the neighborhood.In my view, we should use the Internet reasonably, and keep in mind that the real life is much more meaningful than the virtual one. To be closer to other people, we should talk with them, using our voice, instead of finger tips. And we should pass this idea on to the younger generation.【译文】互联网与人们之间的距离如今，互联网已经成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。

2013年6月份大学英语四级作文预测题目1.Should We Help Strangers?1.有人认为帮助陌生人是一种美德;2.有人却认为帮助陌生人会给自己带来麻烦和危险;3.我认为……【范文】Helping strangers has always been considered as a treasured virtue of mankind. We need help from others throughout our life, whenever we travel to other places or stay at home. On the other hand, helping others can make us happy. We feel great joy when we are trusted, needed and able to give a hand.However, some people are cautious when it comes to helping strangers. They say that helping others involves risks of getting hurt or cheated. Lending a hand to a stranger often puts us in a vulnerable position for it means trusting someone we do not even know. Moreover, there are times when we have physical limitations. For instance, we can‘t swim but a girl is drowni ng, what should we do? If we are blind to that limitation, giving a hand would conversely take our life.In my opinion, we should still offer what we can do to help those needed strangers. Meanwhile, we should beware of getting cheated and use our common sense to tell whether the strangers are real needed people or just professional cheats. Detecting anything unusual, we should defend ourselves or turn to the police.2.Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers1.现在许多人越来越依赖电脑;2.过分依赖电脑会带来很多问题;3.我的看法【范文1】Do we rely too much on computers? Yes, we do. Almost everything we do and every aspect of our life is affected by modern technology with computers above all. We use computers in business, public services, education and entertainment.However, over-reliance on computer may give rise to some problems. One is that people are more likely to make spelling mistakes when they have to handwrite something. Another is that people are so dependent on computers that they have lost the ability to think for themselves. If ―the computer says XYZ‖, then XYZ must be true. If you want to make yourself an idiot, just tell him ―that is what the computer said‖.In my opinion, computers make our lives easier but we should never rely on them completely. These machines should be used as tool to aid work rather than the only tool. Otherwise, chaos can occur when suddenly our computers crash or what is worse, refuse to take our orders. Talent Show1.有人赞成电视选秀节目2.有人则反对3.我的观点【范文1】Over the past couple of years, a variety of talent shows have emerged onTV channel across our nation, from Happy Girls to Super Boys and so forth. This type of entertainment programs is intensely popular, especially among youngsters. It has produces profound impacts on their studies and life. They believe that the TV talent show can change their fate. At least, they say, the program offers the opportunity to show and develop one‘s talents.On the contrary, a number of people hold negative attitude to TV talent shows. They maintain that The TV talent show today is like a fiver that has risen to its flood level. It misleads the youth and makes them believe that they can make a fortune or become famous overnight. As a result, a great many students can‘t calm down to study duri ng the show‘s season.For my part, I believe that the TV talent show is like a double-edged sword and it is important for us to face it properly. For one thing, the TV studios are supposed to offer more stimulating and favorable shows. For another, the media ought to give people proper guidance and refrain from exaggerating the effects of the show.4.Killing Time Indoors1.现在很多人业余时间喜欢―宅‖在家里2.人们对这种做法有不同的看法3.我的看法【范文】Nowadays a growing number of people, especially the 20s or 30s, tend to stay indoors for most of their spare time, especially during holidays. Some spend the majority of their time online chatting, blogging, shopping, dating or playing computer games. Some sit with their eyes glued to the television screen, day and night.People‘s opinions vary w hen it comes to this ways of killing time. A great number of people maintain that staying indoors is cheaper, comfortable, and most importantly, very safe. Others, however, frown upon staying indoors for too long. They are worried that lack of physical exercise and face-to-face communication with others will do harm to people‘s body and mind.Personally, I don‘t think staying indoors for most of the day should be advocated. Instead, people in all ages, with their physical conditions permitting, should be encouraged to spend more time outdoors. The fresh air, the brilliant sunshine, the pleasant green space, the interactions with other people, etc. are all good for people‘s health, both physically and psychologically.5.Restrict Mobile Phone in Library1.现在有不少人在图书馆的阅览区里使用手机2.这一现象可能带来的影响3.我的看法【范文】As the number of students who have mobile phones increases, various problems also rise, along with its popularity. One of the problems that have aroused students‘ attention is the use of mobile phone in the reading room of library. And this phenomenon has become so common that you can always see someone using mobile phone whenever you go into the library.There is no doubt that this behavior will have no good effect. On the one hand, students who use it can not concentrate on their own studies when they constantly send or receive messages. On the other hand, with the ringing of the phones and people‘s talking over the phone, students around them may be distracted from their reading as well.Therefore, the proper way of using mobile phones in the library must be emphasized. First of all, whenever you enter the library, turn your mobile phone into the mode of silence or vibration so as to avoid the disturbance of other students. Second, if you do need to make a call o r send or receive messages, you‘d better go out of the reading room or at least try to reduce the volume of your sound and your phone‘s sound.6. My Opinion on Micro-blog1．目前越来越多人开起了―微博‖2．―微博‖会带来一些问题3.我的看法【范文】With the improvement of micro-blog services and the influence of some ―star bloggers‖, most of whom are celebrities, micro-blog is becoming an important way for people to express themselves and communicate with others. Now, more and more people start to use micro-blog services.However, micro-blog might give rise to some problems as well. Some bloggers would express their thoughts and ideas by writing them down in the micro-blogs rather than communicate with their friends or family members. Day by day, blogs tend to draw people away from real life. What‘s worse, lack of face-to-face communication with others might isolate bloggers from the society, which would do harm to their mental health.In my view, micro-blog is a good platform for people to show their personal experiences and communicate with others. However, micro-bloggers should adjust the item and avoid spending the whole day on blogging. After all, sitting in front of the cold screen of computer for long does no good to their health, physically and mentally.7.Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons1.现在明星为产品代言的现象很普遍2. 明星代言存在的一些问题2.我的看法【范文】In the contemporary society, it is very common for celebrities, or the so-called superstars to be spokesperson for a wide variety of products. On the Internet, television, newspapers, magazines and even on the walls of some buildings, you may find celebrities in the advertising posters.There are some problems existing in celebrities‘ endorsing products. In the first place, some stars may know nothing about the products but still accept the invitation as their spokes person. To these stars, ―Look before leap‖ is just a saying. In the second place, for the sake of money, some stars advertise for items with low quality,even for fake commodities. They never care about consumers‘ interests.In my view, as spokespersons, celebrities represent the products. They should understand that the products they are endorsing concern their images and consumers‘ interests. Therefore, before endorsing products, they should learn about the products as much as possible. Only by doing so, can they be trusted by their fans and protect the legal rights of general public.8.Spam Message1.目前垃圾短信泛滥2.这种现象产生的原因3.如何解决这个问题【范文】With the increasing use of cell phones, spam messages have become a heated issue. According to a survey, on average, people receive about 40 pieces of spam message per month. Spam messages may disturb, confuse, or even threaten people at any time.Generally, there are two reasons for the spam epidemic. On the one hand, due to the fact that text message is a comparatively cheap channel. Many companies take advantage of it to advertise their products or services. Whether people are willing to receive the message is neglected. On the other hand, operators, holding lots of information on cell phone users, sell the importance information and make money out of it.To solve the problem of spam message, relative authorities and professionals should make joint efforts. The government should set up laws to severely punish the illegal advertisers and those who disclose users‘ information. Cell phone researchers and developers should upgrade the products and enable them to delete the spam automatically. Should people act together, they will be free from the spam message. 9. Internet Slang1）近年来，网络语言在青少年中很流行；2.人们对这一现象的看法不同；3.我的看法是……【范文】Internet slang such as CU (see you) and 3X (thanks), enjoy great popularity among teenagers nowadays. In fact, it has become so popular that many items now cross from computer-mediated communication to face-to-face communication. Some teenagers even use them in spoken communication as well as in essay writing.People have different opinions towards this phenomenon. Some people say that the crossover is a brand new variety of language evolving and will enrich the language. But others disagree, saying that these new words, being short form for the existing, long-used phrase, don‘t ―enrich‖ anything; they just shorten it. Furthermore, even if the slang such as CU and 3X and becomes common in spoken English, their total effect on language will be trivial.In my opinion, Internet slang has little effect on language in general, but will greatly influence individuals, especially teenagers‘ language development. It is because overuse of Internet slang will lead to their poor writing, being lacks inspellings, grammar and proper punctuations. That will drastically reduce chances of employment after they graduate and seek jobs. So, for the sake of their future, teenagers had better refrain from Internet slang.10. How to Relieve Stress1.现代人面临着各种压力2.人们减压的方法各异3.我的减压方法是…...【范文1】In today‘s fast-paced world and with the booming economy, stress is our constant companion. We may face stress from our jobs, families, peers, etc. Though stress adds flavor and challenge to life, too much stress can seriously affect people‘s physical and mental well-being, so it is necessary to handle stress properly.When it comes to reducing stress, people vary in their ways. Some people talk with someone, perhaps a friend or a family member, about their anxieties and worries. Others allow themselves a mental ―get-away‖: a quiet country scene painted mentally can divert them from the tension of a stressful situation to a more relaxing frame of mind. There are also people who create a sense of peace by reading a good book.The effective way to relieve stress for me is different from those mentioned above. I have several relaxation techniques. For examples, when stress occurs, I would take a deep breath and exhale and if possible, I would take a warm bath. They prove to be very helpful. They help me to calm down my mind and improve my response.11. Is Military Training Necessary Now?1.有人认为现在的大学生军训没必要2.有人则认为有必要3.我认为……【范文1】Whether military training is still necessary for freshmen has become a heated topic in China recently. Some people maintain that it is not and should be canceled. For one thing, military training is nothing but kind of torture, causing horrible sudden death time and again. For another, the training seems ineffective since most students resume their idling lifestyles at the end of the training.However, other people believe that military training is a must for today‘s sp oiled youth. First of all, it makes them more likely to persistinstead of escaping in face of hardships. Second, the self-discipline and teamwork spirit students develop are invisibly valuable wealth for their future. Last but not least, it provides a good chance for students to learn more on military and broaden their horizons.Generally, I agree with those advocating for military training. However, I insist that some training programs should be modified or carried out carefully. For example, when trainees have to stand for hours in the hot sun, trainers and teachers shouldwatch closely their physical conditions to prevent the tragedy of sudden death from happening.12. Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble?1. 有人遇到困难时向同学、朋友求助2.有人则向老师、家长求助3.以你自己为例……【范文】Just as the saying goes: life is not all roses, all of use will need someone else‘s help to deal with problems that we may encounter in our life. Here comes the question: whom will you turn to for help? Some say they will ask their classmates or friends for help, because they are peers, thus they can understand each other easily.However, others have different choices when in trouble. They are inclined to tell their teachers and parents the difficulties they are faced with. In their opinion, teachers and parents, who are much older than them, can give them a hand with their rich experience.As for me, close friends are always the people who come to my mind firstly whenI am intrigued by something that can not be solved by myself. If we can not figure outa solution by our joint effort, I will go to my teachers or parents for help. With their suggestions or instructions, I can finally find the best way to cope with my troubles. 13 On Self-employment of College Graduates1. 政府加大了鼓励大学毕业生自主创业的力度；2. 产生这一现象的原因；3. 我的看法是……【范文】Nowadays many college graduates set up their own companies with the fund from the government, which is part of the plans to help graduates to get employed. If graduates can put forward a creative and original plan, they will get the financial aid from the government. Our government is paying increasing attention to this program.There are many reasons responsible for this program. It is intended to stimulate college graduates‘ creativity and relieve the ir pressure of employment. First, there has been an expansion in universities and colleges. As a result, the rate of unemployment is on the rise in recent years because of the competitive job market. Second, some graduate employees are not satisfied with their present jobs and their enthusiasm for work has been frustrated, so they can‘t exhaust their potentials. Third, some brilliant and ambitious graduates are confronted with a shortage of start-up capital, so they find it hard to apply what they learn to practice, no matter how good their idea sounds.As far as I‘m concerned, the program will not only offer opportunities to graduates but also bring back their confidence in themselves and in the future. An increasing number of graduates will benefit from this program. What is more, the development of each graduate will surely promote the development of the whole society in the long run.14.Text Messages on TV Shows1目前各类电视节目广泛使用短信参与方式2.人们对此有不同的看法3.我认为…….【范文】At present, text messages are widely used in various TV shows. From serious news programs to different kinds of entertainment programs, we can always see some interactive sessions which all include the use of text messages, such as text-message voting in Super-girls and Happy boys.Is it good or bad? Some people hold the view that it provides a convenient and relatively cheaper way for audience to participate in the program. While others think it is nothing but a method which takes advantage of the public‘s curiosity and their hope of winning awards to lure them into sending lots of messages that cost them a large amount of money.As far as I‘m concerned, text message is an effective medium for the audience to interact with the TV shows, which can arouse people‘s passion for watching the programs, and bring benefits to the TV station as well. But when we are enjoying the merit of it, we should also take the contents and objectives of the TV programs into consideration to ensure the quality of the TV shows.15.Attending Your Classes Regularly1.大学生迟到、早退、旷课现象越来越普遍；2.保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性；3.作为大学生，我们应该……【范文1】In recent years, with the admission expansion of colleges and universities, there exists a common phenomenon that an increasing number of students are late for or even absent from classes, and a few students even slip out of the classroom before the teacher end up the class. The class attendance is becoming one major problem waiting for immediate attention.There is no doubt that class attendance is of crucial importance to students‘ development. In the first place, if students fail to attend the class timely, they will surely miss what the teacher adds to the textbook. In the second place, they demonstrate a lack of self-constraint which plays a vital part in their future. What is worse, they will definitely influence the smooth progress of the class, and his classmate fall victims to his violation of rule.As college students, we should bear in mind that ―Well begun is half done‖ and ―Habits make nature‖. If we can develop a good habit and prev ent ourselves from violating the rule, even the most trivial one, we will certainly strive straight toward the target we have in mind. We should learn to discipline ourselves on campus; otherwise we may suffer a lot in our work place in the near future. You might lose your job or opportunity if you were late.【范文】Nowadays, the phenomenon of university students being late for class, left class early and cut class has become a problem we have to face. This phenomenon ismore and more common in college. And a number of students are accustomed to do it. Eventually, many students believed that university life is not perfect if you never miss class.A number of factors might contribute to the phenomenon. It is a high time that we put an end to the trend. It is important to pledge the attendance rate of students. The attendance rate of students is representing students‘ learning attitude. A high attendance rate not only let students learning more knowledge but also gives some encouragement to teachers. It is beneficial for students to develop a good habit.As a college student, I had been late for class. Even though we have many reasons to do it. Obviously, it is a wrong behavior because it is bad for our study. Eventually, it wastes our time and money.16. Campus Certificate Craze1）大学生―考证热‖成为潮流；2）出现这种现象的原因；3）你的看法是……【范文】If you just stop student on campus and ask him what he is busy about, chances are that he will tell you he is preparing for a certificate of some kind. Investigation points to the fact that it has become a new craze for university and college students to get more certificates.There are two main reasons for this phenomenon. To begin with, university and college students are faced with the pressure of finding a job after graduation. With the admission expansion of colleges, a lot more graduates have to compete for the limited jobs posts. How could one be more competitive? More certificates will doubtlessly impress the employers, so the students are compelled to run from one exam to another. Besides, more and more universities and colleges modify their education training which includes several creative credits. If students fail to get such credits, they can not graduate. As a result, most students choose to pursue certificates.As far as I am concerned, the students should have a more rational attitude toward certificate, because such certificates do not necessarily represent one‘s ability. For me, inner ability speaks louder than certificates, which can only be compared to appearance. Opportunities only arise when you are excellent enough in your field. 18. Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a friend who will come to your city to see you. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese：假设你是李明，你的一个朋友张伟准备到你所在的城市来旅游，但你有事不能接待。

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese."给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学录取，但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够，你想寻求他(她)对于如何提高听力和口语的建议。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The EarthPower and LightCompared to the rest of the universe, the Earth is very small. Our planet and seven others orbit the Sun, which is only one of about 200 billion stars in our galaxy. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of the universe, which includes millions of othergalaxies and their stars and planets. By comparison, the Earth is microscopic.Compared to a person, on the other hand, the Earth is enormous. It has a diameter of 7,926 miles ( 12,756 kilometers) at the equator, and it has a mass of about 6 x 1024 kilograms. The Earth orbits the Sun at a speed of about 66,638 miles per hour (29.79 kilometers per second). Don’t dwell on those numbers too long, though; to a lot of people, the Earth is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly big. And it’s just a fraction of the size of the Sun.From our perspective on Earth, the Sun looks very small. This is because it’s about 93 million miles away from us. The Sun’s di ameter at its equator is about 100 times bigger than Earth’s, and about a million Earths could fit inside the Sun. TheSun is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly bigger.But without the Sun, the Earth could not exist. In a sense, the Earth is a giant machine, full of moving parts and complex systems. All those systems need power, and that power comes from the Sun.The Sun is an enormous nuclear power source--through complex reactions, it transforms hydrogen into helium, releasing light and heat. Because of these reactions, every square meter of our planet’s surface gets about 342 Watts of energy from the Sun every year. This is about 1.7 ~ 1017 Watts total, or as much as 1.7 billion large power plants could generate. You can learn about how the Sun creates energy in How the Sun Works.When this energy reaches the Earth, it provides power for a variety of reactions, cycles and systems. It drives the circulation of the atmosphere and the oceans. It makes food for plants, which many people and animals eat. Life on Earth could not exist without the Sun, and the planet itself would not have developed without it.To a casual observer, the Sun’s most visible contributions to life are light, heat and weather.Night and DaySome of the Sun’s biggest impacts on our planet are also its most obvious. As the Earth spins on its axis, parts of the planet are in the Sun while others are in the shade. In other words, the Sun appears to rise and set. The parts of the world that are in daylight get warmer while the parts that are dark gradually lose the heat they absorbed during the day.You can get a sense of how much the Sun affects the Earth’s temperature by standing outside on a partly cloudy day.When the Sun is behind a cloud, you feel noticeably cooler than when it isn’t. The surface of our planet absorbs this heat from the Sun and emits it the same way that pavement continues to give off heat in the summer after the Sun goes down. Ouratmosphere does the same thing-it absorbs the heat that the ground emits and sends some of it back to the Earth.The Earth’s relationship with the Sun also creates seasons. The Earth’s axis tips a little-about 23.5 degrees. One hemisphere points toward the Sun as the other points away. The hemisphere that points toward the Sun is warmer and gets more light--it’s summer there, and in the other he misphere it’s winter. This effect is less dramatic near the equator than at the poles, since the equator receives about the same amount of sunlight all year. The poles, on the other hand, receive no sunlight at all during their winter months, which is part of the reason why they’re frozen.Most people are so used to the differences between night and day (or summer and winter) that they take them for granted.But these changes in light and temperature have an enormous impact on other systems on our planet. One is the circulation of air through our atmosphere. For example:The Sun shines brightly over the equator. The air gets very warm because the equator faces the Sun directly and because the ozone layer is thinner there.As the air warms, it begins to rise, creating a low pressure system. The higher it rises, the more the air cools. Water condenses as the air cools, creating clouds and rainfall. The air dries out as the rain falls. The result is warm, dry air, relatively high in our atmosphere.Because of the lower air pressure, air rushes toward the equator from the north and south. As it warms, it rises, pushing the dry air away to the north and the south.The dry air sinks as it cools, creating high-pressure areas and deserts to the north and south of the equator.This is just one piece of how the Sun circulates air around the world--ocean currents, weather patterns and other factors also play a part. But in general, air moves from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, much the way that high-pressure air rushes from the mouth of an inflated balloon when you let go. Heat also generally moves from the warmer equator to the cooler poles.Imagine a warm drink sitting on your desk--the air around the drink gets warmer as the drink gets colder. This happens on Earth on an enormous scale.The Coriolis Effect, a product of the Earth’s rotation, affects this system as well. It causes large weather systems, like hurricanes, to rotate. It helps create westward-running trade winds near the equator and eastward-running jet streams in the northem and southem hemispheres. These wind patterns move moisture and air from one place to another, creating weather patterns. (The Coriolis Effect works on a large scale--it doesn’t really affect the water draining from the sink like some people suppose. )The Sun gets much of the credit for creating both wind and rain. When the Sun warms air in a specific location, that air rises, creating an area of low pressure. More air rushes in from surrounding areas to fill the void, creating wind. Without the Sun, there wouldn’t be wind. There also might not be breathable air at all.Water and FireThe Sun has a huge effect’on our water. It warms the oceans around the tropics, and its absence cools the water around the poles. Because of this, ocean currents move large amounts of warm and cold water, drastically affecting the weather andclimate around the world. The Sun also drives the water cycle, which moves about 18,757 cubic miles (495,000 cubic kilometers) of water vapor through the atmosphere every year.If you’ve ever gotten out of a swimming pool on a hot day and realized a few minutes later that you were dry again, you have firsthand experience with evaporation. If you’ve seen water form on the side of a cold drink, you’ve seen condensation inaction. These are primary components of the water cycle, also called the hydrologic cycle, which exchanges moisture between bodies of waterand land masses. The water cycle is responsible for clouds and rain as well as our supply of drinking water.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。

2013年六月四级英语原题The 2013 June College English Test 4 was a comprehensive examination that tested the English proficiency of college students in China. The test covered a wide range of topics and skills, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and writing. As an important milestone in the academic careers of many students, the exam posed a significant challenge that required thorough preparation and diligent study.One of the key components of the 2013 June CET-4 exam was the reading comprehension section. This section typically included several passages on a variety of subjects, ranging from literature and history to science and technology. Students were required to demonstrate their ability to understand the main ideas, identify key details, and draw inferences from the given texts.In the reading comprehension section, students might encounter passages that explored the cultural significance of traditional Chinese festivals or the latest advancements in renewable energy technology. These texts often contained complex vocabulary and sophisticatedsentence structures, requiring students to have a strong grasp of English grammar and a wide-ranging vocabulary.To succeed in the reading comprehension section, students needed to develop effective strategies for quickly and accurately understanding the main points of each passage. This might involve techniques such as skimming the text for key information, identifying the author's main argument or purpose, and using context clues to decipher the meaning of unfamiliar words.Another important aspect of the 2013 June CET-4 exam was the vocabulary section. This part of the test assessed students' knowledge of English vocabulary, including their ability to recognize and use words in appropriate contexts. The vocabulary questions might involve synonyms, antonyms, or the completion of sentences or passages using the correct word.To prepare for the vocabulary section, students often engaged in extensive vocabulary-building exercises, such as studying word roots, prefixes, and suffixes, as well as practicing the use of words in various sentence structures. By developing a strong command of English vocabulary, students could enhance their performance not only in the vocabulary section but also in the reading comprehension and writing components of the exam.The grammar section of the 2013 June CET-4 exam tested students' understanding of English grammar rules and their ability to apply them correctly in various contexts. This might include questions on verb tenses, sentence structure, pronoun usage, and the correct use of prepositions and conjunctions.To excel in the grammar section, students needed to have a solid grasp of English grammar principles and the ability to identify and correct grammatical errors. This often involved extensive practice with grammar exercises, as well as a deep understanding of the underlying logic and patterns of the English language.The writing section of the 2013 June CET-4 exam was another crucial component of the test. In this section, students were typically required to produce a well-organized and coherent essay on a given topic. The writing prompt might ask students to express their opinions on a controversial issue, analyze a particular phenomenon, or describe their experiences or aspirations.To prepare for the writing section, students needed to develop strong writing skills, including the ability to organize their thoughts, construct logical arguments, and use appropriate vocabulary and sentence structures. They also needed to practice writing under time constraints and learn to effectively convey their ideas in a clear and concise manner.Overall, the 2013 June CET-4 exam was a challenging and comprehensive assessment of students' English proficiency. To succeed in this exam, students needed to possess a well-rounded set of skills, including strong reading comprehension, extensive vocabulary knowledge, solid grammar understanding, and effective writing abilities.Preparing for the CET-4 exam required a significant investment of time and effort, as students needed to engage in a variety of learning activities, such as studying textbooks, practicing sample questions, and seeking feedback from teachers or tutors. However, the successful completion of the CET-4 exam was a significant milestone that often opened doors to new academic and professional opportunities for students.In conclusion, the 2013 June CET-4 exam was a challenging and comprehensive test that assessed the English proficiency of college students in China. By mastering the skills and strategies required to excel in this exam, students could not only achieve academic success but also develop a strong foundation for their future careers and personal growth.。

2013年6月四级真题（第1套）Part ⅠWriting（30 minutes）Directions：For this part．you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay．You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part ⅡListening Comprehension（30 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations．At the end ofeach conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what Was said．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once．After each question there will be apause．During the pause，you must read the four choices marked A，B，C and D，anddecide which is the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet lwith a single line through the centre．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2013年6月大学英语四级考试试题Part Writing (30 minute)Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minute)HighwayA government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict, centric controlled desert criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic, features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load. Innovative, designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of American.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida ,and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and Mr. baker in Washington developed under the nation's physical challenges, Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today the interstate system links every major city in the U.S, and the U.S with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, our engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs, access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cultural programs health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they enrich most: personal freedom of mobility.The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck. And most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: "Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts."1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geograp hical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.7. Services stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________10.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition_____________Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection A11. A)The girls got on well with each other. B)It's understandable that girls don't get along.C)She was angry with the other young stars. D)The girls lacked the courage to fight.12. A)The woman does her own housework. B)The woman needs a housekeeper.C)The woman's house is in a mess. D)The woman works as a housekeeper.13. A)The Edwards are quite well-off.B)The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.C)It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D)It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.14.A)The woman didn't except it to be so warm at noon. B)The woman is sensitive to weather changes.C)The weather forecast was unreliable D)The weather turned cold all of a sudden.15. A)At a clinic. B)At a restaurant. C)In a supermarket. D)In an ice cream shop.16. A)The woman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx.B)The man thinks it was quite safe living in the Bronx district.C)The woman started working at an early age to support her family .D)The man doesn’t think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things.17. A)The man has never seen the woman before. B)The two speakers work for the same company.C)The two speakers work in the same floor. D)The woman is interested in market research.18. A)The woman can't tolerate any noise. B)The man is looking foe an apartment.C)The man has missed his appointment. D)the woman is going to take a train trip.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)To make a business report to the woman . B)To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.C)To resign from his position in the woman's company. D)To exchange stock market information with the woman.20. A)He is head of a small trading company. B)He works in an international insurance company.C)He leads s team of brokers in a big company. D)He is a public relations officer in a small company.21. A)The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.B)Mr. Saunders will share one third of the woman's responsibilities.C)Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.D)The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders' past experience.22. A)She's worried about the seminar. B)The man keeps interrupting her.C)She finds it too hard. D)She lacks interest in it.23. A)The lecturers are boring. B)The course is poorly designed.C)She prefers Philosophy to English. D)She enjoys literature more.24. A)Karen's friend. B)Karen's parents. C)Karen's lecturers. D)Karen's herself.25. A)Changing her major. B)Spending less of her parents' money.C)Getting transferred to the English Department. D)Leaving the university.Section BPassage One Question 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Rent a grave. B) Burn the body. C) Bury the dead near a church. D)buy a piece of land for a grave.27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land. B)To see whether they have decayed.C)To follow the Greek religious practice. D)To move them to a multi-Storey28. A)They should be buried lying down . B)They should be buried standing up.C)They should be buried after being washed. D)They should be buried when partially decayed.29. A)Burning dead bodies to ashes. B)Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C)Placing dead bodies in a bone room. D)Digging up dead bodies after three years.Passage Two Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A)Many foreign tourist visit the Unite States every year. B)Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C)The United States is a country of immigrants. D)Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.31. A)They can make friends with people from other countries.B)They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C)They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D)They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.32. A)The couple cook the dishes and the children help them .B)The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the address.C)The mother does the cooking while the famepand children within the guests.D)A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard .33. A)He took them to watch a basketball game. B)He trained them to play European football.C)He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket. D)He taught them to play an exciting new game.34. A)The players found the basket too high to teach. B)The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C)The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules. D)The players soon found the game boring.35. A)By removing the bottom of the basket. B)By lowering the position of the basket.C)By simplifying the complex rules. D)By altering the size Of the basket.Section CF or American time is money. They say, “you only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it wisely." The(36)__________without be better than the past or present. As American are (37)__________to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activity, Thus American(38)__________a "well-organized" person is punctual and is(40)__________of other people's time. They do not (41)__________people's time with conversation or other activity that has no(42)__________beneficial outcome.The American attitude toward time is not (43)__________shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They aremore likely to regard time as (44)__________.One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the states is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.In the contest (45)__________.McDonald’s, KFC, and eating meals. As McDonald’s restaurants(46)__________, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.Part IV reading comprehension(reading in depth)Section AEI Nino is name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange ___47_____happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in ____48____,the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5`C.The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe ___49___thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South American ____50____floods to Peru. In the West pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and____51____.EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most___52____weather in modern history .Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds ____53___of damage. The 1990 EI Nino will ____55___,but they are still not __56___sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.A)estimate B)strength C)deliberately D)notify E)tropical F)phenomenon G)stable H)attractionI)completely J)destructive K)starvation L)bringing M)exhaustion N)worth O)strikeSection BPassage OneCommunications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt(困扰)you appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, Mew York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation foe each medium .He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages,27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His resolves to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接触）of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time in a instant message or phone call say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He fond many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出的)responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?"Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.57.Hancock's study focuses on ____________.A)the consequences of lying in various communications’ media.B)the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas.C)people are less likely to lie in instant messages.D)people 's honesty levels across a range of communications media.58.Hancock's research finding surprised those who believed that________________.A)people are less likely to lie in instant messages. B)people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions.C)people are most likely to lie in email communication D)People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations.59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?A)They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. B)They believe that honesty is the best policy.C)They tend to be relaxed when using those media. D)They are most practiced at those forms of communication.60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because____________.A)Salesmen can talk directly to their customers. B)Salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate.C)Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy. D)Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.61. It can be inferred from the passage that_____________.A)Honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB)more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC)suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company.Passage TwoIn a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come to work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland security ,federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel" -raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明).In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South American .Authorities said the undocumented worker's illegal status made them open to blank mall(讹诈)by terrorists Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it's convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept.11, then you’re disposable Ther e are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely .Ana Castro, a ,mana ger at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境)。

2013年6月英语四级模拟试卷及答案(1)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic." One Way to Solve the Problem. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese."1.机动车被看作是空气污染的首要原因2.提出解决这一问题的方法3.并说明原因Part ⅠWritingOne Way to Solve the ProblemTo deal with the air pollution caused by vehicles in cities is a challenging job. My suggestion is to produce vehicles powered bysolar energy.Compared with mineral fuels such as gasoline, solar energy is inexhaustible in supply. The growth of cities and increase ofvehicles call for more supply of energy, but there is a limit to the reserve of mineral fuels. So solar energy with its endless supply is one of our solutions to energy crisis. The second advantage of solar energy is its cleanliness. Traditional vehicles operating on gasoline give of exhaust, causing damage to human health and polluting the air. From the perspective of environmental protection, solar energy is a much better choice. After the new technology becomes economically feasible, the sky over cities will be brighter, and the air will no longer be a threat to our health.Because of the two benefits of using solar energy as a new fuel, we should spend more money on the research which can make our dream come true.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)。

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice inthe bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based onthe following passage.Worried about what people aresaying about you? Concerns about gossip could influence behavior, including generosity,researchers said."As it turns out, the actof gossip can indeed be quite powerful," said Jared Piazza of Queen'sUniversity in Belfast, Northern Ireland.Piazza and Jesse M. Beringastudied the 47 of 72 college students who were asked to distributetokens(代金券)with a monetary value betweenthemselves and someone else. Half of the group were 48 told their decision would be discussed with a third party. "Participants who weretold that the receiver would be communicating their economic decision with thethird party were49 more generous in their allocations of the tokens thanparticipants who were not50 to believe that their decisions would bediscussed," Piazza and Beringa said in the study published in the journal HumanBehavior.They added that the most 51 strategyfrom an economic standpoint would have been for a student to52 all 10tokens to him or herself, but the threat of gossip seemed to have53theirdecision.Although gender did not play amajor role in the study, men were slightly more54 than women."Allocations of maleswere, on average, slightly greater than allocations of females, although therewere almost twice as many female participants," the researchers 55A previous study showed thatgossip is more powerful than truth, suggesting people believe what they hear throughthe grapevine even if they have evidence to the56.A) addedB) beneficialC) swayedD) fabricatedE) reactionsF) madeG) stillH) significantlyI) allocateJ) thoughtK) contraryL) alsoM) generousN) ledO) economicalSection BDirections: There are 2passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based onthe following passage.Fried foods have long beenfrowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet(长柄平底煎锅)is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment.Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000 caloriesper day or morn will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared inthis fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served inmillions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signsof indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, orboiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated thedigestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easilybroken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter,however, dissolved within the alimentary tract(消化道)morereadily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progressof the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (荧光检查仪)，that fat actually accelerated the rate ofdigestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority".V olumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum(权威意见) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. Afew will go so far as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then anexpert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence ofdiscomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric (胃的)apparatus．We Call of course sizzleperfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough．But thorough heating，in the presence ofshortening，is not the awful crime that it has beenlabeled．Such dishes stimulate rather than retardcontractions of the gall bladder．Thus it is that bile(胆汁)mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.We don't need to allow ourfoodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be nobasis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notionsbecome fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an"oracle"(圣贤)sufferedfrom dyspepsia(消化不良)which he ascribed to some frieditem on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a timethe doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now traditionrather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience hasdemonstrated its falsity.57. This passage focuses on__________.A) why the skillet is a handypiece of kitchen equipmentB) the digestibility of friedfoodsC) how the experts can misleadthe public in the area of food preparationD) why fried foods have longbeen frowned upon58. People engaged in activelabor eat fried foods because __________.A) they are healthfulB) they are much cheaperC) they can be easily digestedD) they can provide the calories the workers need59. The author implies that thepublic should __________.A) prepare some foods by fryingB) avoid fried foods ifpossibleC) fry foods for adults but not for childrenD) prepare all foods by frying60. When the author says that"an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried itemon the menu" he is being __________.A) gratefulB) factualC) sarcasticD) humorous61. The passage was probablytaken from __________.A) a medical journalB) a publication addressed to the general publicC) a speech at a medical conventionD) an advertisement for cooking oil“成千上万人疯狂下载。