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关联词运用实例说明
1．表示举例说明 ． a case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstrate a) Many southern cities are growing above the national average — Atlanta is a case in point. b) The news about calcium and kidney stones is a case in point. c) Prisoners should be treated with respect — they are human beings after all. d) These are, after all, very familiar species. e) It's extremely expensive to live in New York. For example, I pay $1, 250 for a one-bedroom apartment. f) Many countries, for example Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes. g) Old English was in many ways similar to Modern German. For instance, the nouns, adjectives, and verbs were highly inflected. h) We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport. i) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months. j) His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as (=equally) popular. k) One of the most important stages has yet to be started, namely beginning to fit the person into their new job. 1) The issues are in two main clusters, namely the safety and the pricing and procurement of drugs. m) The rules make it quite clear what should be done in such a situation. n) We're talking about money —specifically, the money we need to repair our schools. o) One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider. 2．表示增补意义 ． additionally, again, along with, also, and, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only……but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what's more a) They may also additionally represent much more; they may indeed have a highly integrating social function. b) And again, these workshops will benefit the community considerably. c) Dunne was murdered, along with three guards. d) Sugar is bad for your teeth. It can also contribute to heart disease. e) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike. f) Fry the onions gently, and then add the meat and cook for a few minutes. g) The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities. h) People choose jobs for other reasons besides money. i) We want the economy to grow, but equally we want low inflation. j) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. " k) The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the
gains were substantial. l) A new security system was installed. In addition, extra gua
rds were hired. m) The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available. n) The tax only affects people on incomes over $200, 000—in other words, the very rich. o) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent. p) Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together. q) The system was not only complicated but also ineffective. r) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably. s) Money makes money. To put it another way, the more you invest, the greater your potential profit will be. t) The problem demands a global solution. To put it another way, local regulations will have very little effect. u) First you need to collect all the information and make detailed notes. Then you can start to actually write your essay. v) Think about what you owe, too, in terms of mortgages, credit cards, loans or hire purchase. w) Gas is a very efficient fuel. And what' s more, it's clean. 3．表示强调 ． above all, anyway, as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, in particular, most important, obviously, of course, surely, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubt a) Although it is somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it is fun. b) He got lost and spent hours looking for the station, and anyway it was past midnight by the time he got home. c) And, as a matter of fact, the U. S. Golf Association was delighted. d) Books and people certainly affected him. e) Most of the essays were very good indeed. f) Her teachers said she was a slow learner, whereas in fact she was partially deaf. g) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months. h) But the reverse is true when an attorney represents a person who is obviously guilty or whose guilt is widely perceived. i) This is very obviously the approach of some one writing exclusively and specifically for the young. j) Of course there will be some difficult times ahead. k) If a sign were needed that the Internet has become a real market, the arrival of tax avoidance is surely it. l) Throwing money at the problem is surely not the way to convince people of sincerity. m) It was difficult, to be sure, but somehow we managed to finish the job. n) If we truly believe we can win, then we have a very good chance at doing it. o) Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined. p) Sally was without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school. 10．表示顺序 ． and, besides, finally, first, firstly, further, in the first place, last, next, second, secondly, third,
thirdly, to begin with, to start with, a) It also assigned staff people to work with individual companies that wanted to launch a program. b) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike. c) You need to know what tights you have and how to use them. d)
Besides going to aerobics twice a week, she tides horses on Saturdays. e) And finally, I' d like to thank the crew. f) First, I'd like to thank everyone for coming. g) The application of the five stages to the task illustrated would involve, firstly, the definition of the task. h) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. " i) And there i. s the question of the relevance of the trading of information in the first place. j) Connect the red wires first and the black ones last. k) First you need to select the text you want to move. Next, click on the "Move" command at the top of the screen. l) But, second, in the vast majority of markets, efficient production can be attained with a high degree of competition. m) The more you practise the better you will become at selecting historical information to suit firstly your essay and secondly your argument. n) To begin with, much of this new housing is not affordable. o) I' m not going to Vegas. To start with, I don' t like gambling, and I also can' t get time off work. 3、观点转折，反面论证 、观点转折， 4．表示对比或对照 ． by contrast, but, conversely, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yet a) The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased. b) The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people. c) American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs. d) Scandinavian cruises are very popular in the summer; conversely, the Carib bean is most popular in the winter. e) The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents. f) Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased. g) It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake. h) Nuclear power is relatively cheap. On the other hand, you could argue that it's not safe. i) It is equally vital that both should be mentioned, otherwise a client, particularly a buyer, could be seriously misled. j) Unlike most people in the office, I don't come to work by car. k) A bowl of instant oatmeal costs about $1. 5, whereas regular oatmeal costs only $0. 5 per
bowl. l) The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple. m) Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor. n) Last summer there was a drought, yet some people were still watering their lawns every day. 5．表示比较 ． by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarly a) After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison. b) By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high. c) Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability. d) Many b
usiness people do not know what sexual harassment is. Equally important, they do not know how to prevent it. e) an extremely unpleasant disease which is, however, easy to treat f) Cotton production was on the increase. However, it was still a small industry compared to hemp and canvas production. g) The deaf children of hearing parents are almost normal in comparison, having everything except language experience. h) There is often stronger social control evident in the socialisation of girls in comparison to boys. i) Good management accounts separate the well-organised from the rest but are not vital in the same way. j) I don't want him treating me like Jim treated me. k) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent. l) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably. 6．表示让步 ． admittedly, after all, all the same, although, certainly, clearly, even so, it is true (that), in spite of, nevertheless, of course, still, true a) The technique is painful, admittedly, but it benefits the patient greatly. b) Printing and presentation should be as attractive as possible — after all the library is an attractive place, isn't it? c) I realise she can be very annoying, but I think you should apologise all the same. d) We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent. e) We are not especially well-treated, certainly not as well as the locals. f) Clearly, the racial problems in America have no easy answers. g) The fines for speeding are large, but even so, they are not always a deterrent. h) And it is true that after his death she ceased to exist for the world beyond the farm. i) But in spite of the hardships, real efforts and progress are being made. j) A false belief may nevertheless be justified. k) Though employment growth is down, the area is still attracting health care, high tech,
banking and sports-related industries. 8．表示转折 ． although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yet a) You can copy down my answers, although I'm not sure if they're right. b) In the US it is normal for the police to carry guns, but not in Britain. c) Despite international pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talks. d) Pen Pros: Except for personal letters, handwritten notes are withering into extinction. e) The rooms, though small, were pleasant and airy. f) This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers. g) In spite of her success, Spencer continues to get depressed. h) Cardew did not join the navy. Instead, he decided to join the theater and become an actor. i) Thus we can talk of a local government system which is different from a central government system but nevertheless interacts with it. j) Reintroduction of food after elemental regimens must nevertheless be undertaken with the greatest of care irres
pective of whether or not elimination diets are used. k) The hamburger was tough and overcooked. The fries, on the other hand, were terrific, and well worth the money. l) Stir the sauce until it cools, otherwise it will be lumpy. m) It presumes that reality is dynamic rather than static, and therefore seeks relationships between ideas, to aim at synthesis. n) There is no important theory-based reason why these countries rather than others were selected. o) The offenders were dealt with firmly though fairly. p) They charge incredibly high prices, yet customers keep coming back for more. 4、文章结尾，归纳结论 、文章结尾， 7．表示结果 ． accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thus a) Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them. b) As many as 2, 500 people died as a result of the earthquake and the ensuing tidal waves. c) Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training. Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient. d) The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence factory location is an important consideration. e) In this way normal healthy people may be tested without inducing any damage in their brain. f) The building work is taking quite a long time, and therefore costing us money. g) Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty. 9．表示结论 ． as has been noted(mentioned，stated)，at last，finally，in a word，all in all，in brief, in conclusion, in short，in sum，in summary，to conclude，to sum up，to summarize a)An inhibition，as mentioned above，is rarely used．
b)At last, we were able to afford a house． c)We finally found a decent apartment close to campus． d)Pop，in a word，is fascination versus meaning． e)It was，all in all，more like a prison than an office． f)In brief，the President plarts to cut defense spellding and lowet taxes. g)In conclusion，I want to thank all the people who have volunteered their time to our organization． h)In short，the report says that more money should be spent on education. i)In sum，we need to cut costs． j) In summary, do not sell your shares. k) To conclude, the prospects for philosophy of religion look brighter than they have done for many moons. l) To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. rn) To summarize, in most cases the schools were achieving the standards set. 一、考研写作八大高分技巧： 1. 大量使用不同主语 大量使用不同主语：以 2010 年考题为例 1) 名词作主语：Multi-culture is vital. 2) 人称代词作主语：I maintain that multi-culture is crucial. 3) 物称代词作主语： It is essential. 4) 动名词（短语）作主语：(Promoting cultural development) is significant. 5) 不定式（短语）作主语：(To promote cultural development) is of great import
ance. It is of great importance (to promote cultural development). 6) 从 句 作 主 语 ： (That we should promote cultural development) is of utmost significance. It is of utmost significance (that we should promote cultural development). 2.大量使用被动语态： 大量使用被动语态： 大量使用被动语态 主动语态比较主观，被动语态比较客观，写作时可以交叉使用 3. 大量使用主系表结构： 大量使用主系表结构： 主谓宾是口语，主系表是书面语 4.大量使用不同时态： 大量使用不同时态： 大量使用不同时态 1）一般现在时 2）现在进行时（用于图画描述） 3）现在完成时 4）一般过去时（用于图表描述，举例论证） 5）一般将来时（包装结尾，展望未来） 5.大量使用定语状语： 大量使用定语状语： 大量使用定语状语 1）形容词、副词： 2）词组： a great many students，a large number of students, a great deal of , the majority of students 3）不定式： a student (to crack NETEM) 4）介词短语： a student in NOS
5）分词短语： (1) 现在分词短语： a student (being 22) (2) 过去分词短语： a student (born in Beijing) 6）从句：定语/状语从句 6. 大量使用精彩词组 大量使用精彩词组: universally acknowledge 7. 大量使用精彩句型： 大量使用精彩句型： It is universally acknowledged that … （Pride and Prejudice） 8、大量使用精彩从句 、大量使用精彩从句： 小作文 3-5 个， 大作文 5-7 个，多多益善！ 1）定语、状语、宾语从句 2）主语、表语、同位语从句 二、范文学习五大步骤： （一）读透：十遍精读 1、精彩词汇 2、精彩词组： 3、精彩句型 4、句子结构： 5、段落结构：总分总 6、关联词 7、同义替换 8、代词替换 9、精彩观点 10、论点论据论证 （二）造句：08-10 真题，Use it three times and it’s yours. （三）大声朗读： （四）背熟： （五）运用： When we use the word “love”, we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word. The picture below illustrates the real meaning of love, by stressing the fact that love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. As a matter of fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the most sublime of human emotions. As an illustration of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of the deadly earthquake in Qinghai Province. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can—— it money or goods—— help ——be ——to —— —— their needy fellow citizens. Furthermore, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves. It is my view
that the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate
than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. Only by doing so can we help to make the world a better place, for, as the picture shows, the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines. (241 words)
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