名师手记之：英语篇（简单句、并列句和复合句）
1.简单句、并列句和复合句
① 句子种类两种分类法
按照句子的用途，英语的句子可分：陈述句(肯定、否定)、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)、祈使句、感叹句等四种。
按照句子的结构可分：简单句并列句和复合句三种。
简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。并列句由并列连词and, but, or，so等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。复合句：含有一个或一个
以上从句的句子。复合句包含：状语从句\名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句等三种。
② 并列句的分类
并列句指把两个同等重要的句子连接在一起，句子之间常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等并列连词连接。
表示选择关系常用的连词有：or, either…or…, otherwise等
表示转折关系常用的连词有：but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
表示因果关系常用的连词有：so, for, therefore等。
2.状语从句：
(1)状语从句的分类
状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子，由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等状语从句。
(2)连接状语从句的词语
时间状语从句：when, whenever每当……，after, before, as, as soon as, hardly/ scarcely...when..., no sooner...than.。.一……就……，while, till, until, since,
once。名词词组the first time第一次，last time最后一次，every/each time每次，the next time下次，the next day第二天， the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 一……就……;副词immediately, instantly, directly等也可作连词使用。
原因状语从句：because, since, as, now that。
地点状语从句：where，wherever(无论那里)。
让步状语从句： no matter who/whom/what/which/how/when/where, though, although, as, even if /even though, whatever, whoever, however, wherever, whenever等。
条件状语从句： if, unless, as/so long as(如果;只要)，in case (万一); on condition that(如果)， suppose, supposing, providing, provide。
目的状语从句：in order that (为了)，so that (以便)。
比较状语从句：(not) as/so…as…，than…, the more…the more…(越……越……) 引导。
方式状语从句：as(正如;按照)，as if/as though (好像)引导。
结果状语从句： so that (结果是)，so/such…that (如此……以至于)。
(3)从句中的语序
复合句中通常采用陈述语序。但是，在下面的几种情况下，状语从句多采用倒装语序：
①当连词as, though连接让步状语从句时，作表语的名词、形容词、动词通常置于句首，构成部分倒装语序。例如：
Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John。
Try as she might, Carol couldn't get the door open。
Strange though it may seem, I like housework。
②在so/such...that.。.结果状语从句中，so+形容词/副词或such+名词置于句首时，主句采用部分倒装语序。例如：
So successful was her business that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
Such was the force of the explosion that windows were blown out。
③在hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than.。.句式中，把
hardly/scarcely/no sooner置于句首时，第一个分句采用部分倒装语序，即把第二个分句用陈述语序。例如：
Scarcely had he sat down when there was a knock at the door。
④ however与形容词、副词一起引导让步状语从句，句子采用陈述语序。例如：
However amusing the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week。
⑤ 在the +比较级the+比较级句式中，只是把形容词或副词置于句首，句子仍然采用陈述语序。例如：Education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped for life you are。
(4)从句和主句中谓语动词的时态
在复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词时态一般遵循以下的规律：
①表示“同时”意义的连词as, when, as soon as, the moment, while 等连接的时间状语从句，主句和从句时态基本一致。例如：As time passed, things seemed to get worse。
② 表示“将来”意义的条件、时间和让步状语从句中多用一般现在时，而主句用一般将来时，被称为“主将从现”。例如：Tom won’t go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story。
Once I get him a job, he’ll be fine。
③ sin ce引导的时间状语从句多用一般过去时，而含有since从句的主句通常用现在完成时。例如：I haven’t met her since I left university。
④在句式hardly/scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…中，第一个分句中过去完成时，第二个分句用一般过去时。例如：She had hardly sat down when the phone rang。
⑤ 在as if/though 引导的状语从句中，如果表示一种与事实相反夸张，从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。例如：She stared at me as though I were a complete stranger。
(5)状语从句的省略
当从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，被动结构的状语从句，可省略与主句相同的主语和助动词，保留连词+过去分词;主动结构的状语从句，可省略与主句相同的主语和助动词，保留连词+现在分词。例如：We all know that, if not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse。
Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university。
(6)状语从句被用于强调结构中
状语从句作为被强调部分用于强调结构时，一律用It is/was …that…，不能用when 代替that。句子用陈述语序。注意：当强调Not until +时间/时间状语时，主句的谓语动词不再采用倒装语序。例如：It was not until the war was over that the soldier was able to return home。
3. 名词性从句
(1)名词性从句分类：
按照在句中的功能，名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。
(2) 名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可被省略;表示“是否”用whether，只有在宾语从句中，whether可被人if代替。Whether和if在
从句中不担任成分。如果从句缺少主语、表语、宾语、或定语等句子成分，用连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which;如果从句缺少状语，用连接副词when, where, how, why。
由于连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问语序。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，而连接词whether 和if(是否)，在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。
(3) 名词性从句中的特殊时态
① 在以下三种主语从句中，主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”， should 可省略。
(1)It is+形容词+that…句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing(令人惊讶的)等。
(2) It is +名词+that…句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议，建议)， requirement, request, desire, order等。
(3) It is+动词的过去分词+ that…句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。
②在insist(坚持)， urge (催促)， order(命令)， command(命令)， suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，recommend(建议，推荐)， request(请求，要求)， demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， should可省略。
③ 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提议)， requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。
④在一些表示惊讶、意志等感情色彩的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done”，译为“竟然，居然”。例如：
I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way。
I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。
It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited。
I am glad that your story should have won the first prize。
4. 定语从句
(1)定语从句的分类
定语从句分为限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰和限制作用，而非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充和解释说明作用。通常限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号，而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
(2)定语从句的关系代词和关系副词
定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that, as;关系副词有：when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句的先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
(3)关系代词和关系副词的用法：
①当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语;②当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语;③先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语;④ whose用作定语，可指
人或物;⑤ 关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语;⑥where(指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语);why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
(4)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
①限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。例如：I was the only person in our office who was invited。(去掉定语从句，句意就不完整)
② 非限制性定语从句：从句与先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。例如：His movie won several awards at the film festival, which was beyond his wildest dream. (去掉定语从句，主句的意思仍完整)
(5)使用定语从句时需注意的几个问题
①用that而不用 which的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, much…;先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰;先行词有only, very, any等词修饰;先行词既有人又有物时。例如：There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Lijing。
This is the best coffee maker that I have ever been made。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner teacher that he knows。
② 用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句;指代整个主句的意思;用于
介词的后面+ 关系代词。例如：Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, which used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, of which New York is an example。
③ 关系代词as的用法
a. 当现行词为 the same +名词，such+名词时，要用关系代词as引导定语从句。例如：
I want to buy the same shirt as yours。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in Germany。
b. as可指代主句的内容，引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。常用于下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced,
as we all know, as I expect 等。例如： He got the first place again in this mid-term examination, as we expected。
c. as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
当主句和从句语义一致时，用as引导;反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句;当非限制定语从句为否定意义时，常用which引导。例如：
He made a long speech, as we expected。
He made a long speech, which was unexpected。
④关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。例如：
The man who lives downstairs makes it a rule to run in the park in the morning。
⑤ 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+ which”来代替。例如：
October 1, 1949 was the day on which (= when) the new China was founded。
⑥在”介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只能用which和whom，且不能省略;如果介词在句末，关系代词可用which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。例如：
The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about is proves to be friendly。
注意事项
1.状语从句与其它相似结构的辨析
① I t is/was+被强调的时间状语+ that+其它句子成分，其特点是去掉It is/was和that原句仍然成立。例如：It was at midnight that we got home。
② It is/was+时间+when/before+从句表示“当……发生时，时间是……”。例如：
It was late evening when the doctor arrived。
③ It will be/was+时间段+before+句子，表示“要过……才会发生某事”或“过了……发生了某事”。例如：It will be years before we find a cure for cancer。
④ It is/has been + since +句子，表示“自从……以来，时间过了……”。例如：
It’s three years since I last saw her。
2. 分隔定语从句
有时，定语从句不紧跟先行词之后，中间被一个插入语、状语、定语或谓语隔开。例如：
There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t u nderstand。
For these football fans, it was an exciting moment this year, when for the first time in years their team won the world cup。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house to borrow a necklace?
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village。
Let’s go into the restaurant across the street where you can sit down。
3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别
在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词作某种句子成分，定语从句对先行词起修饰和限制作用，而在同位语从句中，从对前面的抽象名词起补充和解释作用，连接词不在从句中充当句子成分。例如：
We heard the news that our school team had won the game. (同位语从句， that 在从句中不作句子成分)
The news that he told me yesterday proves true. (定语从句， that 在从句中作told的宾语)
The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great. (定语从句， that 在从句中作offered的宾语)
She is worried about the possibility that she might lose her job。( 同位语从句， that在从句中不作句子成分)
4. 定语从句与名词性从句的辨析
①与主语从句的辨析
As is known to all, the natural resources are reducing day by day. (非限制性定语从句)
It is known to all that the natural resources are reducing day by day. (主语从句)
What is known to all is that the natural resources are reducing day by day. (主语从句)
精典名题导解
1.(2008山东) He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail。
A. though
B. for
C. but
D. so
考点解析：前句表示一个结果，而后句表示原因，因此应填for。连词for连接的并列句总是放在后面。最佳答案为B。
2. (2008全国II)Stand over there, ______ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better。
A. but
B. till
C. and
D. or
考点解析：句首的祈使句和第二个分句的时态暗示空白处应填and, 构成“祈使句
+and+并列句”结构。并列句表示条件，而and后的并列句表示结果。最佳答案为C。
3.(2008湖南) _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it。
A. If
B. While
C. Because
D. As
考点解析：句意为：“虽然因特网非常有用，但是我认为上网花费时间太多不是好事”。连词While表示“虽然，尽管”，连接让步状语从句，最佳答案为B。
4. (2008山东)You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it. (2008山东)
A. even if
B. which
C. where
D. so that
考点解析：句意为：“你最好不要把药品放在孩子们能拿到的地方”，空白处之前为主句，之后为状语从句，表示地点，因此应选连接词where，最佳答案为C。
5. (2008全国I卷) The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt ______ the season。
A. whatever
B. wherever
C. whenever
D. however
考点解析：句中含有让步状语从句whatever the season is，其中is被省略。句意为：“无论是什么季节，那个律师总是穿着牛仔裤和短袖汗衫”。最佳答案为A。
6.(2008湖南) When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A. what
B. why
C. whom
D. which
考点解析：asked之后跟一个宾语从句，从句中的needed缺少宾语，因此空白处应填what, 最佳答案为A。
7.(2008天津) The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park。
A. where
B. how
C. when
D. why
解析：从空白处到句末为表语从句，从句中主语、谓语、宾语齐全，但缺状语。结合句意“上次我们开心是当我们去水上乐园的时候”，因此选when, 最佳答案为C。
8. (2008上海) It has been proved __ _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life。
A. if
B. because
C. when
D. that
考点解析：it为形式主语，代替的是主语从句，因从句中句子成分完整，句子意义明确，因此应用that连接，最佳答案为D。
9. (2008上海) We went through a period _____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas。
A. which
B. whose
C. in which
D. with which
考点解析：句意为：“我们经历了一段时期，那时在农村通讯非常困难”。空白后为定语从句，句中为主系表结构，因此先行词a period只能作状语，表示时间，因此应选介词+关系代词in which，相当于when, 最佳答案为C。
10. (2008江苏) The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions。
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
考点解析：先行词The Science Museum在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，因此只能用关系代词which，最佳答案为A。
11.(2008江西) Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ______ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where
B. when
C. who
D. which
考点解析：作主语的先行词cases被谓语部分will be introduced to readers与定语从句分隔，在定语从句consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law中，主谓宾齐全，先行词只能作状语，表示“在……情况下”，应用关系副词where，最佳答案为A。
12. (2008陕西)The man pulled out a gold watch, _________ were made of small diamonds。
A. the hands of whom
B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
考点解析：分析句子结构可知，先行词为a gold watch，而从句的主语the hands与先行词之间为所有关系，因此应用the hands of which引导定语从句，相当于whose hands。
13. (2008福建)_____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing。
A. It
B. What
C. As
D. Which
考点解析：分析句子结构可知，is前面是主语从句，后面是表语从句。在主语从句缺少主语，因此应填连接代词What，最佳答案为B。
14.(2008山东) Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids。
A. who
B. which
C. why
D. when
考点解析：先行词Occasions被谓语部分are quite rare与定语从句分隔，从句中主谓宾齐全，先行词只能在从句中作状语，表示时间，因此空白处填关系副词when, 最佳答案为D。
初中重点语法 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条） 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择： 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将 代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在 哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时； 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该 用现在时替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可 以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会 忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身 更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多 辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替 我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿 了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
高中英语简单句并列句复合句练习题 选择填空：1. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer，___ A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they 2. ___help if you can，and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. —— Lucy，you wash the dishes，___ —— Mom，can’t Lily do it It’s her turn to do it. A. don’t you B. can you C. shall you D. will you 4. —— I will not take an umbrella with me today. — _____it rains later on in the day A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 5. —— You ought to stay up late tonight，____ you ——Yes. I’ve got too much homework. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul，____ A. can it B. can’t it C. can they D. can’t they 7. There used to be a church in the small town，_____ A. used there B. usedn’t there C. used it D. usedn’t it 8. ——She isn’t your neighbour，is she —— _______. A. Yes，she isn’t B. No，she is C. Yes，she is D. No，isn’t she 9. —— ______ to be a PLA soldier when I was young. —— And now you are. A. How I wanted B. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want 10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，____was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years，she changed a lot and looked different from___she used to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who 12. ____is known to everyone，the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation___he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 14. Information has been put forward___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
并列句和复合句 一、并列句。 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成。常见的并列句的结构是：简单句+并列连接词+简单句，这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列连词前可以用逗号，也可以不用逗号。常用的连接词如下：also, and, but, either…or…, however, not only…but also, or, or else, so, still, yet, neither…nor…等。 他学习努力并通过了考试。 Let’s hurry, or we’ll be late. 咱们赶紧点，要不就迟到了。 I have been to Beijing many times, but my parents have never been there. 我去过北京多次，但我父母从没去过。 These flowers are white, and those flowers are red. 这些花是白色的而那些花是红色的。 I am a worker, but my brother is a professor. 我是一个工人，但是我的兄弟是个教授。 注：当when作“就在这时（and just then）”解时，其引导的分句也是并列句。 Eg：I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a shop for
clothes. 我正在街上徘徊，就在这时，我突然看见了一家服装店。 二、复合句。 复合句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用某种连接方式连在一起的句子。在句子中作某一个成分的句子叫作从句。 1.从句由连接词引导。 2.从句尽管有主谓结构，但不能单独成为一个句子。在句中，从句 仅担任某个成分。根据所担任的成分，从句可分为名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。 Eg：What he said is not true. 他说的不是实话。 I know it’s difficult to master English well. 我知道学好英语不容易。 The question is whether he will join us next time. 问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。 The idea that Iraq could be taken within a week or two was an underestimation. 伊拉克在一两周内就可以被攻占的这一想法是估计不足（的想法）。 Do you know the man who is in the car? 你认识坐在汽车里的那个人吗？
简单句和复合句练习题 1.（NMET2004）The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 2.（NMET2004）Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter. A. because B. so that C. even if D. as 3.（2004 辽宁）The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year，80% _____are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 4.（NMET2003）A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 5._____this company has done seems to be in agreement with what the government has called for. A. That B. How C. Whether D. What 6.Fortunitely we had a map，without ______we would have got lost. A. which B. it C. that D. what 7.The Great Wall is the last place ______Mr smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. A. where B. which C. / D. what 8.I shall never forget those years ______I lived in the country with the farmers，______ has a great effect on my life. A. that；which B. when；which C. which；that D. when；who 9.I don’t like the way ______ you speak to her. A. / B. in that C. which D. of which 10.She spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons ______ none of us has ever heard of . A. which B. who C. whom D. that 11.I have bought such a watch ________ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 12.Free film tickets will be sent to ______ are interested in the film. A. whomever B. whoever C. whatever D. whichever 13.The demand ______ the workers ask for higher wages seemed reasonable. A. what B. that C. which D. when 14.We won’t give up _______ we should fail ten times. A. even if B. since C. whether D. until 15.I remember _________ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 16.—Do you remember ______ he came.？ ---Yes，I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 17.__________ she knows a lot of things. A. A child she is B. As she is a child C. Child as she is D. Child as is she 18.You can go out _______ you promise to be back before 12o’clock. A. so that B. as far as C. as long as D. in case 19.---Do the factory leaders meet every Monday morning？ ----Yes，______ there is nothing important to deal with. A. since B. if C. unless D. therefore 20.He lived in Paris for three months，during ______ time he learned some French. A. this B. that C. it D. which 21.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，_____ was very reasonable. A.which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
名师手记之：英语篇（简单句、并列句和复合句） 1.简单句、并列句和复合句 ① 句子种类两种分类法 按照句子的用途，英语的句子可分：陈述句(肯定、否定)、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)、祈使句、感叹句等四种。 按照句子的结构可分：简单句并列句和复合句三种。 简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。并列句由并列连词and, but, or，so等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。复合句：含有一个或一个 以上从句的句子。复合句包含：状语从句\名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句等三种。 ② 并列句的分类 并列句指把两个同等重要的句子连接在一起，句子之间常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等并列连词连接。 表示选择关系常用的连词有：or, either…or…, otherwise等 表示转折关系常用的连词有：but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 表示因果关系常用的连词有：so, for, therefore等。 2.状语从句： (1)状语从句的分类 状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子，由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等状语从句。 (2)连接状语从句的词语 时间状语从句：when, whenever每当……，after, before, as, as soon as, hardly/ scarcely...when..., no sooner...than.。.一……就……，while, till, until, since,
高考英语简单句、并列句和复合句总结 考点一简单句 1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2.五种简单句: 1)主+谓. He comes at last. 2)主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3)主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4)主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen. 5)主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有： 1.表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。 She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______ helped us to overcome difficulties. Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _____ at last she succeeded. 2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now ____ would you rather set off later? Wear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold. 3.表示转折关系的有but, yet等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。 4.表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句：宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 （1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping this Sunday. (2) 引导一般疑问句用if或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us. (whether…or not) (3) 引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3. 宾语从句的时态 （1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。 He tells us that he has been able to look after himself. (2)主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished the work. (3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句 都用一般现在时。 He said that light travels faster than sound. 3. 练习 1）She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
2020届九年级英语专题练习：复合句B卷 姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________ 一、湖北省2017届九年级英语专题练习：复合句（解析版） (共40题；共80分) 1. （2分）Could you say it again? I can't understand ________ you are talking about. A . how B . when C . what D . which 2. （2分）（2017·贺州）一Excuse me, do you know every day? —It closes at 9:00 p.m.. A . when does the library close B . when will the library close C . when the library closes D . when the library closed 3. （2分）Do you understand I say? A . where B . what C . when D . how 4. （2分）—Do you know when your friend ___? —I'm not sure. I will tell you when he _____? A . does come; will come B . comes; comes C . will come; comes D . will come, will come 5. （2分）——Could you tell me the programme is on? ——Yes, it's on Tuesday, at eight o'clock. A . when B . why
并列句和复合句 1. 熟练掌握宾语从句的构成和基本用法。 2. 掌握并列句的构成和用法。 3. 掌握状语从句的构成和用法。 4. 理解定语从句的构成和基本用法。 一、知识精讲 Ⅰ. 并列句 用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。 （一）并列句的构成 其结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 （二）常用的并列连词 1. 常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有：and，but，or，so，for。词意用法 and 和； 并且 表示顺延或并列，如果两个分句都是肯定语气，用and连接。 or 否则； 或者 表示选择，如果两个分句的语气为一个肯定，一个否定，则应用 or连接。 but 但是 表示转折，but与though / although不能同时用在一个句子中。 so 所以； 因此 表示结果，由so连接的并列句可转换成because引导的主从复合 句，两者不能同时用在一个句子中表示“因为……所以……”。 for 因为 表示原因，是对另一个分句的补充说明，但不能放在句子的开头。 2. 其他并列连词有：then，while，when，not only...but also..., neither...nor, either...or, as well as等。 Ⅱ. 复合句 复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，主句是全句的主体，从句是主句中的一部分，不能独立存在。
根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在这里重点讲解宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。 （一）宾语从句 1. 宾语从句的引导词 引导词用法例句 that 本身无意义(口语中可省去) 当宾语从句是陈 述句时 I really believe (that) Tom will help us. 我确实相信汤姆会帮助我们。 if/ whether...(or not) 是否当宾语从句是一 般疑问句时 I’m not sure if I’ll have time. 我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。 what, who, where, how, when, why, which, whose, whom等当宾语从句是特 殊疑问句时 Please tell me when you were born. 请告诉我你是何时出生的。 I’d like to know what you want best. 我想知道你最想要什么东西。 注意： whether和if引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换，但在下列情况下须用whether，不能用if。 （1）具有选择意义，有or或or not时。 【例句】 We really don’t know whether the news is true or not. 我们真的不知道这消息是否是真的。 （2）在介词后接宾语从句或不定式时。 【例句】 We are talking about whether we’ll go back to our hometown. 我们正在讨论是否回老家去。 （3）作discuss等词的宾语时。 【例句】 We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论了是否应该把店关掉。 2. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句无论是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，一律用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”结构。句尾标点符号取决于主句。 【例句】
教师姓名：孙秀芳年级：初三 科目：英语上课时间：2017年6月14日教学主题一轮复习---三大复合句的讲解 教学重难点复合句的用法 教学目标学生能够熟练掌握以上知识点 教学过程 步骤教师活动 1.（导入）讲解作业复习检查 2.（呈现）定语从句： 指在句子中做定语的，修饰一个名词或代词的句子。其中被修饰的名词，词组或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 先行词-----决定引导词 指人------that who 指物------that which 先行词为something等不定代词----只能用that 现行词在定语从句中做宾语时关系代词常省略 eg: The points that/which the teachers stressed are very important. My mother is a person who likes helping others. The points the teachers stressed are very important. Can you think of anything that we are forgetting? 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 但在下列情况下只能用whether： ①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以
英语简单句、并列句、复合句及练习 一、简单句 1、概述 只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。 I am a student.我是一个学生。 She likes English very much.她非常喜欢英语。 He usually does morning exercises on the playground.他常常在操场上做早操。 2、简单句的基本句型 英语简单句可分为五种基本句型，其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩展、组合、倒装、省略。这五个基本句式：主谓结构（S + V）；主系表结构（S + V + P ）；主谓宾结构（S + V + O ）；主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）；主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + C） 说明：S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；O=宾语；IO=间接宾语；DO=直接宾语；C=宾语补足语 （1）主谓结构（S + V） 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。 He runs quickly．他跑得快。 They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。 Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生长良好。 （2）主系表结构（S + V + P ） 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seems interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站着。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式。 He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。
关于英语复合句的分析 " 论文关键词:复合句名词性从句形容词性从句状语从句 论文摘要：英语语法中复合句是一大难点和重点。高中阶段主要是学习复合句知识以及怎样运用这些知识解决语法题和提高阅读能力。如何学好复合句对英语学习和考试有极大的决定性作用。其实复合句是简单句的扩展，只要借助简单句的句型结构分析推理出复合句的主干结构，弄清从句是何种从句，然后再根据从句相应知识点解决语法问题或理解句子。 复合句就是由主句加从句构成的。从句，指这个句子虽然能表达完整意思，但是它却是作为另一个句子（主句）的某成分而存在。主句与从句之间的关系就是，从句是主句的成分，从句可能是主语、宾语、表语、定语或者状语。两个简单句子组合成并列句需要并列词，那么主句与从句组合成复合句就需要关系词。主语从句需要的关系词与定语从句或状语从句需要的不一样，因此从句也有分类的。从句分三大类：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 只要按步步为营的心态，解决复合句应该不会很难的。我们接触了简单句、并列句和复合句，我们怎样区别它们呢？在这里，我提出区别的标准：句子原则。 句子原则1：一个句子只能有一个谓语，谓语由动词构成。
句子原则2：如果一个句子有多个动词，只有一个是谓语动词，其它为非谓语动词。 句子原则3：如果一个句子有多个谓语，那么这个句子可能是并列句或者是复合句。如果有并列连词，就是并列句，如果没有就是复合句。以上的原则对句子分析是很有帮助的，请熟记之。 虽然我们可以根据句子原则推理出复合句，但是怎样判断究竟是主语从句还是定语从句呢？如果要判断从句，我们按照"三步骤"分析句子。下面我们分析一些例子。 1、Who will go to the conference is not important. 句子中文意思：谁将参加会议并不重要。根据句子原则3，因为没有并列连词，所以是复合句。接下来，我们必须学会判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语，哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到who，可是句末不是问号，所以who 应该不是引导复合句的特殊疑问词而是关系词，因此who will go to the conference 是从句。那么is 就是主句的谓语，主句的句子结构是主系表结构，is 前面就应该是句子主语。从句who will go to the conference是主语，即主语从句。 2、The question is whether we shall run out of food soon. 句子中文意思：问题是我们的食物是不是很快吃完了。根据句子原则3，因为没有并列连词，所以是复合句。接下来，我们必须判断哪个谓语是主句的谓语，哪个是从句的谓语。首先我们看到whether，我们了解到whether 是引导名词性从句的关系词，那么whether引导的句子应该是名词性从句。那么shall run out of food 就是从句的谓
人教版2020届九年级英语专题练习：复合句D卷 姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________ 一、湖北省2017届九年级英语专题练习：复合句（解析版） (共40题；共80分) 1. （2分）I'm going to tell my mother ___________ to go to Beidaihe for. A . that I want B . what I want C . what do I want D . where I want 2. （2分）—Could you please tell me_______? —Outside the museum. A . how can I take me photo B . how I can take my photo C . where can I take my photo D . where I can take my photo 3. （2分）Great changes have taken place in Dongguan. Who can tell ________ in another five years? A . what it will be like B . how it will like C . what will it be like D . how will it look like 4. （2分）—Do you know ________? —Yes, we'll take a bus there. A . When we will go the museum tomorrow B . When will we go to the museum tomorrow C . how we will go the museum tomorrow D . how will we go to the museum tomorrow 5. （2分）—Please tell me _________. —At ten o'clock A . where you have your English lesson B . where do you have your English lesson
二、简单句、并列句和复合句 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）:He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）:Do they like skat in g? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3）祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4）感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1）简单句:只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2）并列句:由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3）复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1 主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a stude nt. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语:e.g. He nry bought a dictio nary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）:e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）:e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 （三）并列句的分类 1表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only …but also …，neither …门o等连接hee.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either …or …,othei等see.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折, 常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive