必修一第五单元
一．单词荟萃
1. _______ n．混合物→mix v. 混合→_______ adj. (男女)混合的
2. _________ n．电→electrical adj.与电有关的，用电的→electric adj.电的，发电的
3. _________ n．结论→conclude v．推断出，断定，作结论
4. ____ n. 目标，对准v. 对准目标；打算→aimless adj. 没有目标；无目的的
5. reaction n．反应，回应→____ v．反应，作出回应
6. equipment n．设备，装备→______ v. 装备，配备
7. _________ adj. 吃惊的；惊讶的→___________ adj. 令人吃惊的→astonish v．使惊讶→astonishment n. 惊讶
二．短语检测
1．使……有条理
2．想起，考虑
3．弄清楚，弄明白4．把……加到……
5．使不进入，防止进入6．开始做，着手干，进行吧7．安静点
8．过去常常9．在过去的二十年里10．要么……要么……11．为……感到骄傲12．理应，应当
13.是...的两倍
14.与...发生反应
15.在上面，在顶端
16.在下面，在底部
三．佳句再现
1．______________ the earth’s surface is water.地球表面三分之二是水。
2．The earth is _______________________ the moon.地球是月球的五十倍。
3．It is hard __________ a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
4．I’m going to _____ Montreal ___ Ottawa University, as both _______________have good Physics Department.
我要么去蒙特利尔大学，要么去渥太华大学，因为两个大学都有不错的物理系。四．仿照例句写句子
1. It is hard to think of a world without metals.很难想象没有金属的世界。
?很难想象没有你的世界
2.Different metals have different uses, for example, steel is used in cars, and iron is used in electrical equipment. .不同的金属有不同的用处，比如说，钢材用于制造汽车，铁用于制造电子设备。
?不同物质（material）有不同的用处，比如说，木头过去常常被用来制造家具（furniture），木材曾经被用来制作纸张。
3.When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen.当我们使用金属的时候，知道它们和不同物质的反应是很重要的，例如水和氧气。
?当我们给别人建议的时候，知道他对你的建议的反应是很重要的。
五．语法精讲
1expand v. 膨胀，扩大，增强；扩展，展开
expansion n. 扩张，扩展，膨胀
【易混辨析】
expand和extend
(1) expand vt.&vi. 强调“使(尺寸、数字或数量等)扩大，增加，扩大(活动范围)”。如：
A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 如果你往轮胎里充气，它就会膨胀。
Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我国的对外贸易近年来已有极大发展。
(2) extend vt.& vi.强调“时间、空间等的延伸、延展”。如：
The road extends for miles and miles. 这条路向远处绵延伸展。
Can you extend your visit a few days longer?你能多停留几天吗？
【活学活用】
(1) Why not try to ________ your story into a novel?你为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？
(2) Metal _______ when it is heated. 金属加热之后就会膨胀。
(3) The headmaster ________ our holiday by four days. 校长将我们的假期延长了4天。
2conclusion n. 结论，推论；结尾，结束
(1) conclude v．推断出，断定，做结论；(使)结束
(2) come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论
jump to a conclusion 匆匆忙忙作出结论
in conclusion 最后，总之
【活学活用】
I ____________________________________________that he’d been lying.
我断定他是在说谎。
3balance n. 平衡v. 平衡；权衡，使保持平衡
(1) keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡
keep the balance of nature/one’s mind保持自然界/心态的平衡
(2) balance A against B 权衡A与B的重要性
balance A with/and B 平衡好A与B
【活学活用】
(1) We must learn to ______________________________. 我们必须学会平衡好工作与休息。
(2) You have to _____________________of living in a big city _______ the disadvantages.
你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。
4equipment n. [U]设备，装备
(1) a piece of equipment 一件设备
(2) be equipped for 准备好，对……有准备
be equipped _____ 装备有，配备有
【易混辨析】
equipment和facility
equipment 和facility 都可译作“设备”，“器材”。
(1) equipment 是不可数名词，指用于某一特殊目的的东西——供给品，装备等(the tools, machines, clothes, etc. that you need to do a particular job or activity)。如：medical equipment (2) facility 是可数名词，常用复数形式。facilities指为特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利，包括设备、建筑物和服务等(rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose)。如：sports/leisure facilities
【活学活用】
(1) The government has given a lot of ___________ to our school.
政府已为我们学校配备了很多设备。
(2) The room _______________air conditioners. 这个房间装有空调设备。
(3) This is a five-star hotel with fantastic _______. 这是一家五星级饭店，设施完善。
5ordinary adj. 普通的，平常的；平淡无奇的
【易混辨析】
ordinary, common, usual和normal 四个词都含“普通的”意思。
(1) ordinary(与众多同类的东西相比)强调“普通的”，“平淡无奇的”。如：
ordinary people like you and me像你我一样的普通人
(2) common强调“因为常见而普通”，也可指“共同的，共有的”。如：
common sense常识
common efforts 共同的努力
have sth. in common (with sb./sth.) 和……有共同之处
in common (with sb./sth.) 共同，共有，与……一样
Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。
(3) usual 通常的，惯常的，强调“经常性或与习惯有关”。
as usual 像往常一样
She arrived later than usual. 她到得比平常晚。
As usual, there weren’t many people at the meeting. 像往常一样，来开会的人不多。
(4) normal正常的，常态的，往往指“合乎某种标准的，或在正常情况下应有的”。如：normal temperature 正常体温/温度
above/below normal 标准以上/下
return to normal 恢复正常
【活学活用】
(1) We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her ________ clothes.
我们都为聚会乔装打扮，但她仍然穿着平常的衣服。
(2) It’s ________ to feel tired after such a long trip.长途旅行之后感到累是正常的。
(3) Smith is a very _______ last name in England. 在英国史密斯是很常见的姓。
(4) Shall we meet at the _______ time and place? 我们在老地方老时间见面好吗？
(5) _______________ many people, he prefers classical music to pop.
和许多人一样，和流行音乐相比，他更喜欢古典音乐。
6.add…to…把……加到……
add to增加
add sth. up 把……加起来
add up to 总计为，总数达；结果是
add that 补充说
【温馨提示】
add to 表示“增加了……”时，后面常跟抽象名词，如：add to our difficulties增加了我们的困难；而add…to…意思是“把……加到……”，常跟具体的名词。另外add表示“补充说，又说”时，也是常考点，需要重点记忆。
【活学活用】
(1) If you ____ 4 __ 5, you will get 9.
四加五等于九。
(2) He wrote down the weight of each stone and __________________________.
他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。
(3) Her graceful manner ________ her beauty.
她优雅的举止增加了她的美丽。
7.keep (sb.) out (of sth.)把……关在外面；阻止……入内；不参加；不进去
(1) keep away _____ (使)远离，保持距离
keep off (使)避开；不(让)接近
(2) keep ___ 使保持、维持(在同一水平)；使不低落；继续
keep up with 跟上，不落后
keep ______
控制，抑制；隐瞒；留/扣下；阻碍(某人)发展
keep to the road/the point/one’s promise
不偏离道路/主题/遵守诺言
【易混辨析】
keep away from, keep off和keep (…) out (of…)
keep away from与keep off意义接近，但前者强调“保持距离”，而后者强调“不接近，不碰触”。keep (…) out (of…)则强调“保持在……之外”，还可以引申为“置身于……之外，不参与，不干涉”。如：
I told the children to keep away from the fire.我让孩子们离火远点。
Keep your hands off me! 把你的手拿开，不要碰我。
Outside the room is a sign saying “Danger: Keep out.”房间外面有个标志提醒“危险，请勿入内”。
【活学活用】
用keep相关短语的正确形式填空
(1) Food production is not _______________ population growth.
(2) You’d better ___________ their quarrel.
(3) The notice said “_________ the grass.”
(4) I got the feeling that he was _______ something _____ from us.
(5) She was struggling to ___________ the tears.
(6) When you are visiting the park, you must _______its rules.
(7) Do something to ________ your spirits.
8go ahead说吧，干吧，开始做；
发生，进行；走在前面，先走
go _______ 违背，对……不利；与……相反
go all out to do/for sth. 全力以赴做某事
go ___ (时间)过去；依据，遵循
go down 下降，降低
go up 上升，(房屋)建立起来
go on 继续；发生，进行；(时间)过去
go on with sth. 继续做某事
go on doing 继续做(原来的事)
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
【活学活用】
用go相关短语的正确形式填空
(1) —Do you mind if I open the window?
—No, ___________.
(2) The building of the new bridge will _________as planned.
(3) The company will ___________ improve next year’s sales.
(4) She was scared to ___________ her father’s wishes.
(5) As the weeks _______________, I became more and more worried.
(6) New buildings are ________all around the town.
9used to do过去常常做某事
be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于
be used to do 被用来做
【易混辨析】
used to 和would
(1) used to多有“过去如此，现在不这样”的对比含义，不与一段时间状语连用。
(2) would多表示过去习惯性的动作，常与具体的时间状语连用，或与often, sometimes 或for hours连用。如：
He would always be the first to offer to help. 他总是会第一个主动提出帮助。
【注意事项】
(1)疑问式：Used you to…？/Did you use to…？
否定式：used not to/usedn’t to/didn’t use to
(2)used to 后的不定式可以承前省略到to, 但若后面是be, 则be需保留。如：
He is not an actor. But he used to be.
【活学活用】
(1)__________________ and take an hour’s walk before breakfast.
我过去常常早起，并且在早餐前散步一小时。
(2) He _____________________ in the country. 他已习惯于住在乡下。
(3) Bamboo _______________________. 竹子可以被用来造纸。
10.be proud of对……感到自豪
be proud to do/that 对……感到自豪
take pride __ 以……感到自豪；对……感到得意
【活学活用】
(1) He ______________________his children’s achievements.他为孩子们的成就感到骄傲。
(2) _____________ your friend. 做你的朋友我感到骄傲。
11.be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求(按规则、惯例等)做某事，理应
Suppose/Supposing (that)…假设，如果……(引导条件状语从句，相当于if)
【活学活用】
(1) You ____________________ here. 你不应该呆在这儿。
(2) _____________________________, can we play the match indoors? 要是下雨的话，我们在室内比赛行吗？
12.It is hard to think of a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
句型公式
It is＋adj. ＋to do sth. 做某事……
【句式点拨】
在该句型中it用作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。
【相关拓展】
(1)It is＋adj. ＋for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说做某事……
在该句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点。常见的形容词有：easy, important, difficult, possible, necessary等。
(2)It is＋adj. ＋of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事……
在该句式中，作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质。常见的形容词有：kind, nice, good, honest, careful, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, rude等。
(3)It is＋adj./n. ＋that…做某事……
it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语。
【活学活用】
(1) ________________ to lose three pairs of glasses. 你丢了三副眼镜真是太粗心了。
(2) ___________________ meet?我们非见面不可吗？
(3) _______________ he didn’t come to our party. 很遗憾他没来参加我们的聚会。
13.The closer you are, the more you’ll see. 你靠得越近，看到的就越多。
句型公式
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构
该结构表示“越……就越……”，前面“the＋比较级”相当于一个条件状语从句。
【温馨提示】
该句型中，比较级的后面如果修饰了名词，则要把这个名词和比较级一起放到最前面，后面跟句子的其余部分。如：
The harder you work, the more progress you will make.你越努力，取得的进步就会越大。【活学活用】
The more careful you are, ___________________________in the experiment.
你越小心，在实验中犯的错误就越少。
课堂训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You may imagine their _________ (惊讶的) look when they find the room empty.
2．The hotel has its own pool and leisure f_______.
3．I wonder how the audience r_____ to his speech.
4．Boats f____ in the direction of wind if they are not controlled.
5．It’s common sense that ice f____ when water freezes.
Ⅱ.选词填空
think of, add to, put…in order, either…or, be proud of
1．Many words have _____________ this edition of the dictionary.
2. _____ you ___ he is the next to be on duty.
3．It’s hard _________ a world without electricity.
4．I ___________the achievements you’ve made these years.
5．Now it’s time for you to ___ your life ________.
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．[2010·全国卷Ⅱ] The doctor thought _______ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
2．[2011·辽宁卷] —I probably shouldn’t have any more cake.
—Oh，________. It won’t kill you.
A. go ahead
B. hold on, please
C. you’re welcome
D. that’ll do
3．English is ________ hard for me and Physics is ________ harder.
A．a little; a lot B．a lot; a little
C．a bit; more D．rather; a great deal of
4．In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________ .
A．that used to be B．it is used to
C．it was used to D．it used to be
5. ________ from a short story, the novel is very popular with children.
A．Expanded B．To expand
C．Expanding D．To be expanded
6．Long ago, the upper classes here spoke French while the ________ people spoke English.
A．ordinary B．native
C．lower D．simple
7．In the near future, China will increase supply of smaller houses, ________ to help low-income families to buy houses of their own.
A．aims B．being aimed
C．aiming D．having aimed
8．The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather ________ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
A．added to B．resulted from
C．turned out D．made up
9．In my opinion, learning is lifelong and the more knowledge you get, ________ .
A．the more for life are you equipped
B．the more equipment for life you have
C．the more life you are equipped for
D．you are equipped the more life
10．[2011·辽宁卷] What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You’re________to be asleep.
A. supposed
B. known
C. thought
D. considered
书面表达
申请信格式模板：
Dear sir / madam，
I write this letter to ___________ (报纸名称)of ___________ (广告发布时间)．
I am ___________ from ___________. As a/an ___________ ，I have been ___________. Besides，I won ___________ in ___________. If you consider me appropriate for the job, please call me at ___________.
I will appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply./Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
假设你是重庆朝阳中学学生刘洋，得知2012年香港大学要在大陆进行自主招生的消息后非常高兴，你有意向香港大学申请，参加自主招生考试。请根据表格信息，用英语写一封自荐信。
注意：1.词数150左右；
2．信的开头与结尾已为你写好(不计入总词数)；
3．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
4．参考词汇：自主招生independent recruitment；英语演讲比赛English speech contest Dear Sir，
__________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Liu Yang