必修2
Unit 5Music
要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考
●重点单词
1．roll vt. & vi. 滚动；(使)摇摆n．摇晃；卷；卷形物；面包圈
2．pretend vt.假装；假扮
3．attach vt. & vi.系上；缚上；附加；连接
4．form vt.(使)组成；形成；构成
5．earn vt.赚；挣得；获得
6．instrument n．工具；器械；乐器
7．passer by n．过路人；行人→passers by (pl.)
8．perform vt. & vi.表演；履行；执行→performance n．表演；演奏
9．broadcast n．广播；播放vi. & vt.广播；播放
10．humorous_ adj.幽默的→humor n．幽默
11．familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
12．attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的→attract vt.吸引→attraction n．吸引，吸引力
13．afterwards adv.然后；后来
14．sensitive adj.敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的
15．confident adj.自信的；确信的→confidence n．自信
●重点短语
1．dream 梦见；梦想
2．to be honest 说实在的
3．attach...to附上；认为有(意义)
4．in cash 用现金
5．play jokes on戏弄
6．rely on依靠；依赖
7．be/get familiar with熟悉
8．or so大约
9．break up打碎；分裂
10．in addition 另外，也
11．sort out分类
12．above all 最重要；首先
13．be based on以……为基础
14．be serious about对……认真
15．by cheque 用支票
16．stick to坚持
●重点句型
1．Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed
弗雷迪和他的乐队走到哪里都会有人跟随。
2．At last feeling very upset and sensitive,_Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them.
最后，由于深感苦恼，神经高度紧张，弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到他们必须在自己感到太痛苦之前离开这个国家。
3．Music is more than just sound.音乐决不仅仅是声音。
●高考范文
(2009·广东卷)
你是校报小记者，最近进行了一次采访。以下是这次采访的情况：
时间：上周末
对象：眼科医生(eye－doctor)王教授
主题：我国中小学生近视(short－sightedness)问题
基本信息：(1)发生率：略高于50%
(2)人数：世界第一
专家解读：(1)原因：很复杂
(2)治疗：没有哪一种药物能治愈近视
(3)建议：不要过度用眼；多参加户外活动
(4)特别提示：如何握笔也和近视有关
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
[范文]
Last weekend, I had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye－doctor, concerning the issue of short－sightedness of school children in China. According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short－sighted, ranking the first in the world. He also pointed out that the causes of short－sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short －sightedness. He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities. He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short－sightedness.
考点探究互动探究·能力备考
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1．pretend vt. 假装；假扮
pretend sth. 伪称某事物(尤用做借口)
pretend to do...假装做……
pretend to be＋n. (adj.) 假装是……
pretend to be doing...假装正在做……
pretend to have done... 假装已做……
pretend that－clause 假装……
[即学即练1](1)He _______________________ yesterday.
(2)We mustn't _______________________ what we don't know.我们不应不懂装懂。
(3)He _______________________________ when he met a bear.当他遇到熊时就装死。pretended a headache
pretend to know
pretended to be dead
2．attach vt. 系；贴；附加；认为有(重要性等)
attached adj. 依恋的，留恋的
attachment n. [C]附件[C，U]依恋；眷恋；深爱
attach sth. to sth. 把某物系到某物上
attach yourself to sb./sth. 参加，和……在一起
attach to sb./sth.与……有联系，与……有关联
be attached to sb./sth. 依恋，留恋
[即学即练2](1)She __________ a cheque ____ the order form.她在订货单上附了一张支票。
(2)Don't worry—there are no strings _____________.
不用担心——没有附加的条件。
(3)She ____________________________ the regular exercise.
她对常规训练极为重视。
(4)No blame __________________ him for the accident.
这次事故的责任与他无关。
(5)I am deeply _____________________ this novel.
我非常喜欢这部小说。
attached
to
attached
attaches great importance to
attaches to
attached to
3．form vt. & vi. 形成；组织；养成；培养
n. 形式；表格；形状，外形；状况；精神
form(＝set up) a club 成立俱乐部
form a good habit 养成好习惯
form the habit of＝fall/get into the habit of
养成……的习惯
form an organization 成立一个组织
fill in the form 填表格
in the form of 以……的形式
in/out of form 状况良好/不佳
(2)He is ____________ the application ______.
他正在填申请表。
(3)His research ______ the basis of the new book.
他的研究成果是这本新书的基础。
(4)The teacher ______ the students ______ a line.
老师让学生排成一行。
out of form
filling in
form
formed
formed
into
4．earn vt. 赚得；挣得；获得
earn one's living＝make a living 谋生
earn one's own living 自食其力
earn money＝make money 挣钱
[即学即练4](1)His courage ______________________
of his classmates.
他的勇敢博得了同学们的赞扬。
(2)Do you know how much he ___________ a month?
你知道他一个月赚多少钱吗？
(3)He _________________________ by teaching at a language school.他在语言学校教书以维持生计。
earned him the admiration
earns
earns his living
5．perform vt.&vi 表演；履行；执行
performance n. 履行，执行；表演
performer n. 执行者；表演者
perform one's promise 守信；履行诺言
perform duty 尽职
perform a part in... 在……中扮演角色
perform an experiment 做实验
give/put on a performance 演出
[即学即练5](1)The students will ___________________ next Friday.
这些学生下星期五将演出一场歌剧。
(2)The police _________________________ in our society.
(3)You shall _________________________ the way they do.
你们要按照他们的方法去做实验。
(4)Our team _______________ in the match.
我们队在比赛中表现很出色。
perform an opera
perform a vital role
perform the experiment
performed well
6．familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；通晓的；亲密的
(1)be familiar with 对……熟悉。其主语通常是指“人”的名词；with后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。
(2)be familiar to 为……所熟悉。其主语通常是人们所通晓的人或事物，to后的宾语常是指“人”的名词。
(3)sb. be familiar with sb. 某人与某人亲密无间
[即学即练6](1)Yao Ming is ____________________ to us.
姚明是我们大家所熟悉的明星。
(2)Are you ______________ the computer software they use?
你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？
(3)This nursery rhyme is very ______________ me.
我对这首童谣很熟悉。
a familiar star
familiar with
familiar to
7．to be honest 说实在的；实话说
honestly speaking 老实说
to tell the truth 说实话，老实说
to be honest with you 跟你说实话
be honest with sb. about sth. 关于某事对……坦诚
be honest in doing sth. 在做某事方面坦诚
It is honest of sb. to do sth. ……在干……方面诚实。
[即学即练7](1)_________________________________，I don’t agree with you.
对你说实话，我不同意你的看法。
(2)I think she is _____________ what she is telling me.
我认为她很诚实地告诉我一切。
(3)It is ________________________ to tell the truth.
你讲实话是诚实的。
(4)_________________，I hate the student wearing long hair.
To be honest with you
honest in
honest of you
Honestly speaking
8．play jokes/a joke on 戏弄……；和……开玩笑
have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑
make a joke/jokes about sb./sth. 关于某人/某事说笑话
play tricks on sb.＝make fun of sb. 和……开玩笑；
捉弄某人
make a fool of 愚弄
laugh at 嘲笑
[即学即练8](1)It's not proper to ____________________ others in public.
在公众场所捉弄别人是不恰当的。
(2)She was __________________________ you.
她在跟你开玩笑。
(3)Don't ________________________ the handicapped.
不要说关于残疾人的笑话。
play jokes on
having a joke with
make jokes about
9．rely on 依靠，信赖；指望
(1)依靠，依赖。同live on 或depend on “依赖……”。
rely on one's own efforts 依靠自己的努力
(2)信任，依赖。同believe in, depend on。
rely on/upon sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事
rely on/upon sb. doing sth. 相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon it that... 相信……(事情)，指望……
[即学即练9](1)Nowadays we ______ increasingly ______ computers ______ help. 现今我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。
(2)You can ____________ me ________________ your secret.
你尽管相信我一定为你保密。
(3)I ________________________________ early.
我指望你早来。
(4)You can __________________________ he will come.
你放心，他会来的。
rely
on
rely on
to keep
relied on your/you coming
rely upon it that
10．break up 分解；驱散，拆散；打碎；结束；散会；(关系)破裂；停课，放假
[即学即练10]写出下列break up的意思。
(1)The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.
______________________
(2)The police came and broke up the crowd.________
(3)The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock.__________
(4)Some sentences can break up into clauses.______
(5)Their marriage is breaking up._______________
破裂
驱散
结束
分解
破裂
拓展：(1)break away from 脱离
(2)break down 分解，出毛病，(计划、谈判)失败；(谈话、通讯)中断
(3)break into 闯入
(4)break in 强行进入，插话
(5)break off 打断，折断
(6)break out 爆发，发生(不用于被动语态)
(7)break through 突破
11．above all 首先；最重要的是；特别是；尤其
above all＝most important of all(强调地位上的重要性)
first of all “首先，第一”，强调顺序
at all 根本，全然
in all 总共，共计
after all 终究，毕竟
all in all 总之
[即学即练11](1)He longs ________________ to see his family again.他尤其渴望再见到家里的人。
(2)_________________________，let them introduce themselves to us.首先，让他们向我们作自我介绍。
(3)___________________________，he didn't agree with what his son said.总之，他没同意他儿子所说的话。
他只是个初学者。
above all
First of all
All in all
After all
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them.最后，由于深感苦恼，神经高度紧张，弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到他们必须在自己感到太痛苦之前离开这个国家。
before做连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种，具体可译为：
(1)在……之前
(2)……(之后)才……
(3)(不多久)就……
(4)以免……
(5)还没来得及……就……
(6)(宁愿……)也不愿……
①We lived in Paris before moving to London.
我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。
②It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
很长一段时间之后我才重新入睡。
③It wasn’t long before she came back.
不久她就回来了。
④Lock your bike before it gets stolen.
锁好你的自行车，以免被偷。
⑤Before John stopped her, she ran out.
约翰还没来得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。
⑥I’d shoot myself before I apologized to her.
我宁死也不向她道歉。
[即境活用1](2009·上海卷)You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.
A．before B．if
C．while D．as
解析：句意：在你没有学生卡之前，你不能在学校图书馆借书。before在……之前；if如果；while当……时候；as随着，因为。
答案：A
2．Music is more_than just sound.
音乐决不仅仅是声音。
more than＋数词，“……以上；多于……”，等于over
＋名词，“不仅仅；不只；超过；远不止”
＋动词，“十分；大大地；远远地；不仅仅”
＋...can/could＋v.“不能”
＋adj./adv.，“非常；十分；更加”
①By then he was more than fifty.
那时他已经50多岁了。
②Peace is much more than the absence of war.
和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。
③He more than smiled; he laughed out.
他岂止是微笑，他简直是大笑了。
④That's more than I can tell you.
这一点我是不能告诉你的。
⑤He is more than selfish. 他非常自私。
拓展：(1)more＋adj./n.＋than＋adj./n..与其说……倒不如说……
(2)no more than＋num.＝only 仅仅
(3)not more than＋num.＝at most 至多
(4)no more＋adj./adv.＋than...和……一样不……
(5)not more＋adj./adv.＋than... 不如……
(6)more than one “不止一个”，做主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。
[即境活用2](1)Lizzie was ______ to see her friend off at the airport.
A．a little more than sad
B．more than a little sad
C．sad more than a little
D．a little more than sad
解析：more than＋adj./adv. 意为“非常，很”。本句意为“Lizzie很伤心地在机场为她的朋友送行”。
答案：B
(2)—Tom is very stupid. He failed to pass the exam once again.
—He is ______ than stupid.
A．lazier B．no lazier
C．more lazy D．lazier rather
解析：more＋adj.＋than 意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。答句句意为：“与其说他笨倒不如说他懒。”
易错点拨自我完善·误区备考
1. earn/gain/win
(1)如果为了钱(或任何其他报酬)而工作，这就是earn，而且含有这些报酬是应得的意思。
(2)win指在竞赛、战争、比赛中获胜，并可能由此得到奖赏。
(3)gain指获得有用或需要的东西，而且与win和earn不同，它用在与钱没有关系的场合。[应用1](1)She _______________ experience while working for the newspaper.
(2)She _______________ ￡1 000 a month.
(3)Who is going to _____________ the election?
gained
earns
win
2. above all/first of all/first(ly)/at first
(1)above all是从重要性上讲的，指重要性在若干事物中位列第一。
(2)first of all虽也强调重要性，但更多的还是侧重于顺序或次序，译做“首先，第一”。
(3)first(ly)用于列举若干事物时引出第一项，指次序，但语气不及first of all强。
(4)at first指时间，译作“开始，起初”，相当于in the beginning。
[应用2](1)_________，I didn’t like him, but afterwards I came to appreciate him.
(2)__________，make sure you keep in touch.
(3)__________，let’s welcome our honoured guest, Mr Smith.
(4)I can’t go. ________ I have no time; _________I have no money.
At first
Above all
First of all
Firstly
secondly
3. before引导时间状语从句
[应用3](1)—How long do you think it will be______China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
—Perhaps two or three years.
A. when
B. until
C. that
D. before
(2)—It's a long time ______I last saw you.
—Yes, and it will be another month ______we can meet again.
C．since; when D．since; before
(3)(2009·北京四中)She was so angry that she rushed out into the rain ______I could stop her.
A. until
B. before
C. when
D. unless
(1)It will be long/some time before sb. do/does sth.是典型句式。意为“要过很久/一些时间某人才……”。
答案：D
(2)第一空表示“自上次见到你已有很久不见了”，用since；第二空表示“再过一个月又会见面的”，用before。
答案：D
(3)考查before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前；还没来得及”。
答案：B
高效作业
自我测评·技能备考
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He is busy sending out ____________ (请帖)．
2．Have you heard the news _________(广播) on the radio?
3．The famous band from the US will give their
________________(表演) in the Capital Concert Hall.
4．Beethoven was one of the greatest _________(音乐家)．
5．Your proposal sounds very ___________(吸引人的)．
invitations
broadcast
performance
musicians
attractive
6．Now many children are learning to play different kinds of musical i___________________. 7．He knew nothing about the matter, but he
p___________ to know it.
8．In common with most educated people he prefers c____________ music to jazz.
9．He asked me if I had e______ pay besides salary.
10．He stopped driving and went out of his car as if to find a p_________________ and to ask the way.
instruments
pretended
classical
extra
passer－by
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．I know you don't like ______ music very much. But what do you think of ______ music in the film we saw yesterday?
A．/; /B．the; the
C．the; / D．/; the
答案：D
解析：考查冠词。第一空泛指音乐，不填冠词；第二空特指电影中的音乐，用the。2．The boy pretended ______ when his mother came in.
A．to fall asleep B．sleeping
C．asleep D．to be asleep
答案：D
解析：pretend 后需接不定式，故排除B、C项；且此处表示状态而不是动作，故选D。3．Tom put his heart into the wildlife research, and finally, his efforts ______ him great success and fame.
A．saved B．earned
C．made D．offered
答案：B
解析：earn sb. sth. 意为“为某人赢得某物”。
4．During the busiest season like National Day, the Spring Festival, the traffic company provides ______ buses for the travelers.
A．extra B．spare
C．various D．unusual
答案：A
解析：extra buses指“额外多增加的车”。
5．In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school, we must ______ learn how to study in the school now.
A．in all B．after all
C．above all D．at all
答案：C
解析：above all首要的，特别重要的是。
6．—I ______ becoming a pilot when I was at school.
—Really? Do you still think it will ______？
A．was dreaming; come truth
B．was dreaming of; come true
C．was dreaming; come true
D．was dreaming of; come truth
答案：B
解析：dream of doing sth. “梦想做……”。come true “(梦想)成真”。
7．In many countries, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning ______ them. A．attaching with B．attached with
C．attaching to D．attached to
答案：D
解析：过去分词做后置定语，attach sth. to sth.把某物附在某物上。
8．－What do you think of their marriage?
－______，if I were Kate, I wouldn’t marry him.
A．Generally speaking B．I have no idea
C．To be honest D．To my surprise
答案：C
解析：根据答语可知，答话人并不看好这桩婚事。To be honest“实话实说”，合语境。
9．He is ______ my English teacher; he is one of my good friends.
A．more than B．less than
C．no more than D．not more than
答案：A
解析：考查more than“不仅仅；超过”。
10．______by the famous band, the piece of music sounded ______.
A．Perform; attraction
B．Performing; attracting
C．Performed; attractive
答案：C
解析：第一空应填过去分词performed做状语表被动；第二空sound为感官动词后接形容词attractive。
11．The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; ______，it caused 20 deaths. A．or else B．therefore
C．after all D．in addition
答案：D
解析：in addition “此外”，强调附加。
12．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A．of which B．during which
C．from which D．for which
答案：A
解析：本题考查定语从句。关系代词which指代the journey。定语从句恢复为独立句子应是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days. 故选of which。
13．To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ______ into parts.
A．down B．up
C．off D．out
答案：B
解析：“把句子拆成成分”用break up。
14．When I moved into the new house, I felt that the happy life I had been dreaming of ______ at last.
A．coming B．having come
C．came D．would come
答案：C
解析：句意为：当我搬进新房时，我感到我一直梦想的幸福生活终于来了。I had been dreaming of是定语从句修饰the happy life。空缺处缺少谓语动词。故选C项。
15．(2010·甘肃天水一中)We had to be patient because it ______ some time ______ we got the full results.
A．has been; since B．had been; until
C．was; after D．would be; before
答案：D
解析：在“it＋be＋一段时间＋before/after/since＋从句”句型中，before从句中的动作经过一段时间后才会实现；after从句中的动作发生后已经过去了一段时间；since从句中的动作完成后到现在已经有一段时间了。结合题意可知，答案为D。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
When you have a question about something, where do you go? For many people the answer is simple. They go online to a search engine like Google or Yahoo. But what about people in rural or underdeveloped areas who may have no way to get on the Internet? Luckily, Rose Shuman, a business and international development consultant in California, has found a way for them. Her amazing solution is “Question Box”．
Question Box is a service that provides answers—free of charge—for people who cannot search the Internet directly. They might not be able to read, or they simply have no access.
Question Box began two years ago in India. People use a metal call box with a push to talk button to connect to a live operator, as Rose Shuman explains, “You just push a button, a big green button, and that will connect you directly to our operators who are sitting in front of computers, and speak your language. And you can ask them any sort of question you want, and they'll look it up in English or in Hindi, or whatever the main language is, and translate the answer right back for you.”
The service is currently offered in two villages. The latest version of the box uses mobile phone technology and solar panels in case the electrical power fails. Rose Shuman says the aim was to make the box as easy as possible for users.
“Rather than try to bring a lot of infrastructure to them and expect them to learn how to use the Internet, the idea was to make a technology that even Grandma could use, figuring that Grandma could probably walk up to a box and push a button，” added Shuman.
In April, Question Box expanded to Uganda. Forty community workers with mobile phones connect villagers to call center operators in Kampala. The community workers go around telling people about the service. They wear T shirts that say “Ask Me.”
But Internet service in Uganda proved slow and undependable. So Question Box teamed up with a local technology company to store information on a local server. That way, the researchers in Kampala can quickly search the database for answers when users ask about current events and many other subjects.
Rose Shuman continued, “When was Mahatma Gandhi born and how long is the Nile River? What's the tallest mountain? The funniest one I think we got was, ‘Did the pyramids ever move to another place？’，which we found pretty funny. But we did look it up, and they haven't moved.”
1. According to the passage, “Question Box”is a service intended to______.
A. help improve the living standard of the people in poor areas
B. promote the computer technology
C. provide answers raised by the people who have no access to the Internet
D. enrich the local people's life
答案及解析：
1. C。根据第二段可知。
2. Which of the following is true about Question Box according to the passage?
A. Uganda is the original place where the service started.
B. Some modern technologies have been used for improving the service.
C. Question Box won't be able to work if there is no electrical power.
D. It was impossible for a grandma to use Question Box.
答案及解析：
2. B。C选项可以根据第四段The latest version of the box uses mobile phone technology and solar panels in case the electrical power fail.判断，A选项根据第三段的第一句Question Box began two years ago in India.判断，D选项根据第五段“the idea was to make a technology that even Grandma could use”判断。
3. We can learn from the passage that in Uganda ______.
A. forty call center operators helped make Question Box known to villagers
B. it was very convenient for villagers to have access to Internet service
C. users are very interested in current events
D. a local technology company cooperate with Question Box
答案及解析：
3. D。根据倒数第二段的第二句可知。
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. All the questions asked by people are pretty funny.
B. Workers of Question Box know the answer to any question.
C. Question Box always tries to answer the questions, no matter how strange.
D. Those who asked questions wanted to make progress in their studies.
答案及解析：
4. C。A、B选项太绝对，D选项不能根据文章推断出来，C选项根据最后一句可知。
5. What attitude does the writer hold towards “Question Box”according to the passage?
A. Indefinite.
B. Negative.
C. Supportive.
D. Indifferent.
答案及解析：
5. C。根据第一段最后两句中的Luckily...amazing...等词可以看出作者的态度是很赞同和支持这项服务的。
B
The History of the Games
Olympia
Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, is in the western part of the Peloponnese which, according to Greek mythology, is the island of “Pelops”，the founder of the Olympic Games. Imposing temples, votive buildings, elaborate shrines and ancient sporting facilities(设备) were combined in a site of unique natural and mystical beauty.
Olympia functioned as a meeting place for worship and other religious and political practices as early as the 10th century BC. The central part of Olympia was dominated by the majestic temple of Zeus, with the temple of Hera parallel to it. The ancient stadium in Olympia could hold more than 40 000 audience, while in the surrounding area there were auxiliary(辅助的) buildings which developed gradually up until the 4th century BC. and were used as training sites for the athletes or to house the judges of the Games.
The Games and religion
The Olympic Games were closely linked to the religious festivals of the cult of Zeus, but were not a total part of a rite. Indeed, they had a secular character and aimed to show the physical qualities and development of the performances accomplished by young people, as well as encouraging good relations between the cities of Greece. According to specialists, the Olympic Games owed their purity and importance to religion.
Victory ceremonies
The Olympic victor received his first awards immediately after the competition. Following the announcement of the winner's name by the herald,_a Hellanodikis (Greek judge) would place a palm branch in his hands, while the audience cheered and threw flowers to him. Red ribbons were tied on his head and hands as a mark of victory.
The official award ceremony would take place on the last day of the Games, at the elevated vestibule of the temple of Zeus. In a loud voice, the herald would announce the name of the Olympic winner, his father's name, and his homeland. Then, the Hellanodikis placed the sacred olive tree wreath, or “kotinos”，on the winner's head.
6. When did Olympia become the site of the Olympic Games?
A. In the 10th century BC.
B. Before the 4th century B
C.
C. After the 4th century BC.
D. It was not mentioned here.
答案及解析：
6. B。文章第二段提到公元前4世纪的时候奥林匹亚运动场建造的辅助设施用来训练运动员或给裁判员休息，可见那时已经开始举行奥运会了。
7. Which one is true according to the passage?
A. Zeus is the founder of the Olympic Games.
B. The ancient stadium in Olympia was used as training sites for the athletes in the 10th century.
C. The Olympic Games have much to do with the religion.
D. The Olympic victor would receive a golden medal.
答案及解析：
7. C。文章第三段说到奥运会与宗教有很大的关系。
8. Can you guess the meaning of this word “herald”in the passage?
A. The author.
B. The headmaster.
C. The announcer.
D. The manager.
答案及解析：
8. C。从文章后两段可以看出，herald是宣布获奖结果的，所以可以推测出应当是宣告员。
9. When the athletes won the game, ______.
A. they were awarded immediately after the competition
B. they were awarded twice: The first, immediately after the competition; the second, on the last day of the game
C. they were awarded on the last day of the game
D. they were awarded on the last day of the game or immediately after the competition
答案及解析：
9. B。文章倒数第二段提到第一次颁奖是在比赛结束时立即颁奖，最后一段又提到了官方的奖励，可见是有两次颁奖。
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.
人教版_高中英语必修一unit1_知识点总结 Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. we stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上,眺望乡村? 2. a quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人? Add v. 增加 1. he added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴,使火旺些? 2. if you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九? 3. add up all the money i owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起? Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴 v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. i'm always upset when i don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱? 2. he has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服? 3. the news quite upset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱? Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. i said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. i can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了? Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的 v. 平静下来,镇静 1. it was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静?明媚的早晨? 2. you should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险,你也应当保持镇静? 3. have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来? Calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来)
专题三单元测试 1、1953年,中国共产党提出了过渡时期的总路线,其主要特点是( ) A. 土地改革运动和国民经济恢复并举 B. 没收官僚资本与建立国营企业相结合 C. 社会主义改造和社会主义建设并举 D. 暴力革命与和平赎买政策相结合 2、“文化大革命”爆发后,在“全面夺权”的狂潮中,国民经济受到严重影响,具体表现有( ) 国民经济计划因无法执行而被废置经济工作陷入瘫痪和半瘫痪状态交通运输堵塞市场供应紧张,人们生活水平下降 A. B. C. D. 3、下图选自1954年第1期的《人民画报》。与图片所示现象有关的运动是( ) A. 对资本主义工商业的社会主义改造 B. 对农业的社会主义改造 C. 土地改革运动 D. 人民公社化运动 4、下图所示照片可能拍摄于( )
A. 1927年 B. 1949年 C. 1953年 D. 1958年 5、下图选自1954年第1期的《人民画报》。与图片所示现象有关的运动是 ( ) A. 对资本主义工商业的社会主义改造 B. 对农业的社会主义改造 C. 土地改革运动 D. 人民公社化运动 6、深圳从一个贫穷的渔村变成一个国际化的大都市,有人以“一夜城”来形容深圳的迅速崛起。深圳经济的迅速发展得益于( ) A. 社会主义改造的完成 B. 农村经济体制改革的率先开展
C. “一五”计划的执行 D. 对外开放政策的实施 7、下面漫画表现了中国社会经济生活发生的巨大变化。这种变化反映了( ) A. 社会主义改造的完成 B. “大跃进”运动的开展 C. “文化大革命”的结束 D. 改革开放的成效 8、1979年前，“凤阳地多不打粮，磙子一住就逃荒。只见凤阳女出嫁，不见新娘进凤阳。”到1979年，凤阳全县粮食产量比1978年增长49%，卖给国家粮食4450万千克。出现这种变化的原因是（） A. 完成农业社会主义改造 B. 开展了人民公社化运动 C. 系统调整国民经济结构 D. 实行家庭联产承包责任制 9、《邓小平文选（一九七五—一九八二年）》在1983年出版时，将《目前形势和任务》一文中“计划调节和市场调节相结合”的提法，改为“在计划经济指导下发挥市场调节的辅助作用”。这反映出 A. 计划经济的思想束缚仍很明显 B. 市场经济体制已初步确立 C. 城市经济体制改革进展较顺利 D. 国企市场化改革遇到瓶颈 10、美国经济学家弗理德曼访问中国后写道：“1988年，街道上的色彩与服装明显多元化，与此伴随的，则是经济增长与发展的明显迹象。农业改革效果十分明显……私营企业有所发展……得到允许的、有限的经济自由已经在改变中国的面貌。”这主要反映了当时中国（） A. 市场经济体制逐步确立 B. 农民获得了土地所有权 C. 改革开放改变着社会面貌 D. 私有经济主体地位上升 11、中共十五大提出的关于所有制结构和公有制实现形式等问题的论断“新”在( )
13、李白在《蜀道难》一诗中，化用西晋张载《剑阁铭》中“形胜之地，匪亲勿居”语句的句子是“，。，”，从而表达了对国事的忧虑与关切。 14、从李白《蜀道难》一诗中“，，”的长叹中，我们似乎也感受到了诗人对功业难成的一声叹息。 《登高》中理解性默写的名句训练 1、由高到低，写诗人所见所闻，渲染秋江景物特点的句子 是：，。 2、写远望所见，用传神之笔描写凄冷江色和长江气势的句子是：， 3、用落叶和江水抒发时光易逝、壮志难酬的感伤的句子 是：，。 4、情景交融、意境旷达，极写自己羁旅之愁和孤独之感的句子 是：，。 5、道出郁积诗人心中的自身之苦和国运之恨，无限悲凉难以排遣的句子 是：，。 6、本诗的主旨句（表现诗人忧国伤时）的句子是：，。 7、杜甫《登高》中为我们营造了一幅气势磅礴的长江秋日图的句 是:，。 8、杜甫《登高》中集中表现了夔州秋天的典型特征的句子 是:，。前人也曾把这两句誉为“古今独步”的“句中化境”。 《琵琶行》中理解性默写的名句训练 1．《琵琶行》中“月”这一意象贯穿始终，对烘托气氛、推动情节发展具有重要的作用。请写出诗中写到“月”的3个句子：，，。2．诗歌中既交待秋天的背景又蕴含离别之意，并为诗人秋夜送别友人这一事件渲染出悲凉气氛的诗句是：，。 3．诗歌中第一次写到琵琶女演奏音乐的诗句是：，。4．描写琵琶女初次出场时的情态的诗句是：，。
的感慨，因此才有了同病相怜、同声相应的诗文，才忍不住说出了自己的遭遇。文中直接点出“我”的悲惨遭遇的句子是“，”。文中还运用环境描写来间接表明“我”内心异常苦闷的句子有 “，。，。 ？。，。？ 。” 31《琵琶行》中表现琵琶女与作者自己的不幸身世互相同情和深厚情意的句子 是：，。 32、《琵琶行》中三次写琵琶女弹奏都用了侧面描写：第一次“”，侧面描写的句子是；第二次当“”结束弹奏后，诗人用“，”来进行侧面描写；最后一次“”，作者又用“。？”作侧面描写。 33、白居易《琵琶行》中的“”两句，写那若断若续的余音，似乎更能撩动人的情思，引起人的回味。 《锦瑟》中理解性默写的名句训练 1、《锦瑟》中以锦瑟起兴，引起对华年往事的追忆的句子 是：，。 2、《锦瑟》一诗的诗句“，”，它表现的这种可望不可即的理想境界代表的是诗人全部的情感。作者用此阴阳冷暖的不同境界展现了高洁的感情、执著的爱慕和无尽的哀思与怅恨。 3、《锦瑟》用典的四句 诗：，。，。 4、《锦瑟》一诗中回环曲折地表达了自己的惆怅苦痛，让人为之哀惋不已的句子 是：，。 5、《锦瑟》表达“聆听锦瑟之繁弦，勾起对华年往事之追思，音繁而绪乱，怅惘以难言”的诗句是：“，。 6、《锦瑟》中表达“华年往事”如梦般凄迷、如杜鹃啼春般伤感的诗 句，。感叹“才华被弃如沧海遗珠，追求向往终归飘渺虚幻”的千古名句是，。 7、《锦》诗中“，只是当时已惘然”抒发“此情”的无尽怅惘，别说现在追忆，就是当时就已经无尽的怅然若失了。 《劝学》中理解性默写的名句训练
高中英语必修五课文及翻 译 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
-必修 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national
人教版高一英语必修1单词表 Unit 1 1.survey 调查；测验 2.add up 合计 3.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 4.ignore不理睬；忽视 5.calm vt.&vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的calm...down（使）平静下来 6.have got to 不得不；必须 7.concern（使）担心；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 8.be concerned about 关心；挂念 9.walk the dog 溜狗 10.loose adj 松的；松开的 11.vet 兽医 12.go through 经历；经受 13.Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e5661854.html,herlands 荷兰（西欧国家） 15.Jewish 犹太人的；犹太族的 16.German 德国的；德国人的；德语的。 17.Nazi 纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 18.set down 记下；放下；登记 19.series 连续，系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 20.outdoors在户外；在野外 21.spellbind 迷住；疑惑 22.on purpose 故意 23.in order to 为了 24.dusk 黄昏傍晚at dusk 在黄昏时刻 25.thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n. 雷，雷声 26.entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 27.entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 28.power能力；力量；权力。 29.face to face 面对面地 30.curtain 窗帘；门帘；幕布 31.dusty adj 积满灰尘的 32.no longer /not …any longer 不再 33.partner 伙伴．合作者．合伙人 34.settle 安家；定居；停留vt 使定居；安排；解决 35.suffer vt &遭受；忍受经历suffer from 遭受；患病 36.loneliness 孤单寂寞 37.highway公路 38.recover痊愈；恢复 39.get/be tired of 对…厌烦 40.pack捆扎；包装打行李n 小包；包裹pack （sth ）up 将（东西）装箱打包
人教版语文必修三课文中的成语整理 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
1．雕梁画栋：指有彩绘装饰的十分华丽的房屋。 2．顾盼神飞：左右顾视，目光炯炯，神采飞扬。 3．敛声屏气：抑制语声和呼吸。形容畏惧、小心的样子。 4．不经之谈：荒诞无稽、没有根据的话。 5．少不更事：年纪轻，没有经历过什么事情。指经验不多。 6．百无聊赖：精神上无所寄托，感到什么都没意思。 7．沸反盈天：形容人声喧闹，乱成一片。 8．一拥而上：形容周围的人同时向一个目标猛挤过去。 9．地崩山摧：土地崩裂，山岭倒塌。多形容巨大变故。 10. 杀人如麻：形容杀的人多得数不清。 11. 扪参历井：形容山势高峻，道路险阻。亦形容世路艰难。 12．一夫当关，万夫莫开：形容地势十分险峻。也形容一个人有万夫莫当之勇，一个人挡上万个人。 13. 千呼万唤：形容再三催促。 14．秋月春风:指美好的时光。 15. 门庭冷落:形容十分冷落，宾客稀少。 16. 此时无声胜有声:默默无声却比有声更感人。(有时候不说话比说话更有用)。 17. 司马青衫：形容极度悲伤。 18. 庄生梦蝶：庄周梦见自己变成了胡蝶。比喻梦中乐趣或人生变化无常。 19. 杜鹃啼血：传说杜鹃昼夜悲鸣，啼至血出乃止。常用以形容哀痛之极。 20. 沧海珠泪：指诗人的思念的悲痛到了极点。 21. 锦瑟年华：比喻青春时代。 22. 奄奄一息：只剩下一口气。形容临近死亡。 23. 五十步笑百步：后泛用以比喻缺点或错误的性质相同，只有情节或好或重的区别。 24. 弃甲曳兵：形容打败仗逃跑时的狼狈相。 25. 青出于蓝：比喻学生超过老师或后人胜过前人。 26. 锲而不舍：比喻有恒心，有毅力。
人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解 Units 1-2 1. doubt doubt是高考中的高频考查词汇。doubt可作动词和名词，是新课标重点词汇。其命题角度为：①作动词时， 若为肯定句，后跟宾语从句,通常用if/whether引导，若为否定句，则通常用that引导。 ②doubt作名词时，通常用于There is no doubt that ...(毫无疑问）结构。2010年高考对doubt的考查还将集中 在其后跟从句时连接词的选择上，也有可能将doubt与其他动词或名词放在一起进行词义辨析。 2. expose expose是新课标要求掌握的单词，应重点掌握它的义项及常见用法，特别是be exposed to 句式，其中to为介词，后跟名词、代词和动名词；同时注意exposed to作后置定语和用于句首作状语的用法。另外，being exposed to结构用动名词形式作主语也是重点和难点，极易考查。 预测2010年命题方向为exposed to 作状语和定语的用法。 3. absorb absorb是新课标重点单词，重点掌握其“吸收（液体，热）；吸收，理解（知识）”的词义及其be absorbed in(全神贯注于……)的用法，易考点为该短语位于句首作状语和作后置定语两点，考生应能掌握be absorbed by(为某事物所吸引)；还应联系be engaged in, be devoted to, be involved in和be lost in等常见重点近义短语。 4. apart from apart from是常见介词短语，意为“除……之外”，考生应熟练掌握近义的词和短语：except, besides, in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。预测2010年高考会在单项填空题中直接考查或者会出现 在阅读理解题中。 5. available available是新课标重点单词，在近几年高考和各地的模拟考试中出现的频率极高，主要考点为：①词义(可得到的，可用的)。命题形式常为形容词词义辨析，如区分accessible, acceptable, sensible, favourite, average, convenient 等。②用法。be available to意为“可利用的”，be available for意为“使……可以享受某物;使……买得起某物”, 要了解二者的区别。 预测2010年高考命题会以考查词义或者形容词短语作后置定语为命题方向。 6. consist of consist of是近几年高考高频考查短语。①理解其词义“组成，构成”。②考查与其他近义词组的用法异同点。 如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be formed of 等。考生要特别注意consist of要用主动形式表达， 不用系表结构。预测这一考点将成为2010年高考考查的重点，特别是用consisting of 作后置定语。 7. break down 由break构成的动词短语是历年高考命题的重点。考生必须明确break down的几个常见义项，根据不同的语 境加以判断。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它们的常见义项，因为 命题时可能会对该短语直接考查，也可在短文中考查对其意义的理解。 8. only+状语（状语从句）位于句首构成部分倒装 这是考生必须熟练掌握的句式之一，以往的高考题中已多次考查到。倒装句式有多种情况，该句式为日常交 际中较常见的一种。特别提示：only只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成部分倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。 预测该句式是2010年高考命题考查的重点。 重要词汇拓展 Unit 1 Great scientists 1. ____ n. 特征；特性 2. _____ vt.&vi. 结束；推断出→______ n. 结论 3. _____ vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 4. ______ vt. 参加；出席；照顾；护理→_____ n. 参加；出席；侍从；看护 5. _____ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光→_____ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭发 6. _____ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈→______adj.可治愈的 ______ vt.& n. 控制；支配 8. _____ vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心→______adj. 被吸收的；全神贯注的 9. _____ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 characteristic 2. conclude；conclusion 3. defeat 4. attend；attendance 5. expose；exposure 6. cure；curable 7. control 8. absorb；absorbed 9. severe 10. _____ vt. 宣布；通告→______n. 宣布；宣告；通知 11. ______ vt. 命令；指示；教导→_____ adj.有教育意义的；有指导意义的→_____n.指导；指示；指令→_____ n. 教师；讲师；指导员 12. _____ vt.&vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助→______n.贡献；奉献 13. _____ adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的→______n.创造；创作 14. _____ adj. 热情的；热心的→______ n. 热心；热情
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
专题三单元测试 1、中共八大期间，周恩来做了《关于发展国民经济的第二个五年计划的建议的报告》，他指出：在国家统一市场的领导下，将有计划地组织一部分自由市场，在一定范围内，将实行产品的自产自销；对某些日用工业品，将推行选购办法，对所有商品，将实行按质分等论价办法，这将对国家的统一市场起有益的补充作用。据此可知“报告”认为 A.自由市场在国民经济中占有重要地位 B.自由市场是社会主义统一市场的组成部分 C.个体经营是国家经营和集体经营的补充 D.部分产品按照市场需求可自由进行生产 2、从1949年10月到1956年底，中国私营工商业经历了两个阶段。首先，中央和各级政府根据“公私兼顾，劳资两利”和在国营经济领导下“分工合作，各得其所”。其次，对私营工商业的政策是逐步地、有计划地开展公司合营。这两个阶段： A.工商业的性质发生了根本变化 B.都是利用资本主义来恢复新中国的经济 C.发展目标都是直接过渡到社会主义 D.分别属于过渡时期和建设时期 3、1961年11月5日《人民日报》发表社论《在优先发展集体经济的前提下发展社员家庭副业》。社论指出，社员的家庭副业是社会主义经济的必要补充。要规定一些有效措施，在优先发展集体经济的前提下发展社员家庭副业。这一规定的主要目的是 A.试图解决计划经济体制的不足 B.为实行家庭联产承包责任制提供经验 C.系统的纠“左” D.运用新机制调节农民经济生活 4、下表反映了我国“一五”计划期间国民经济各部门基本建设投资分配情况。据表可知当时我国
A.工商业社会主义改造完成 B.注重工农业生产协调发展 C.工业是国民经济建设重点 D.工业总产值已经超过农业 5、1956年，我国各种经济成分在国民经济中的比重见表 项 目 社会主义国营经济和合作社 经济 公私合营的国家资本主义 经济 个体经 济 比 重 85．6% 7．3% 7．1% 由此可见，三大改造使 A.生产资料完全实现公有制 B.社会主义制度基本建立 C.多种所有制经济共同发展 D.社会主义建设由此起步 6、下图为中国1978—2015年就业人口比例变化柱状图，这反映了 A.农业是国民经济的基础 B.国家重视产业结构调整 C.国有企业改革充满活力 D.国民经济结构比例失调
必修三第二单元【知识梳理】 《蜀道难》《杜甫诗三首》《琵琶行并序》《李商隐诗两首》 《蜀道难》 1．重点字词：鱼凫（fú）萦绕（yíng）石栈（zhàn）扪参（shēn）峥嵘（zhēng róng） 抚膺(yīng) 巉岩（chán）咨嗟（zī jiē）喧豗（huī）崔嵬（w?i）吮血（shǔn） 噫吁（yū）猿猱（náo）飞湍（tuān）砯崖（pīng）万壑（h a） 咨嗟：叹息。茫然：完全不知道的样子。横绝：飞越。盘盘：形容山路曲折盘旋。 巉岩：高而险的山岩。湍：急流的水。喧豗：喧闹声。胡为：何为，为什么。 尚黄鹤之飞尚不得过（尚且）尚贤使能（崇尚，尊重）赵王使使视廉颇尚能饭否（还） 危危乎高哉（高）危如累卵（危险）正襟危坐（正，端正）上屋骑危（屋脊） 去连峰去天不盈尺（距，距离）阳虎去齐走赵（离开） 除残去秽（除掉，去掉）去北京（前往，到…去） 猿猱欲度愁攀援为---发愁，为动用法使人听此凋朱颜使---凋谢，使动用法 砯崖转石万壑雷使---滚动，使动用法侧身西望长咨嗟向西，名作状 2．文学常识： 李白，字太白，号青莲居士。盛唐伟大诗人。李白性格豪迈，渴望建功立业。他粪土王侯，傲视权贵，同情人民，关心政局。有时也流露出人生如梦、及时行乐的情绪。李白是继屈原之后最杰出的浪漫主义诗人，他以惊世骇俗的笔墨，创造了瑰丽奇伟的意境，又毫不矫饰，真诚袒露自己的内心世界。李白诗风雄奇、飘逸、直率、自然，对当时和后代都有巨大的影响。有《李太白全集》。《蜀道难》是“送友人入蜀”，沿袭乐府古题“即事成篇”，诗人描绘了由秦入蜀道路上奇丽惊险的山川景色。既写了蜀道的艰难，又写了人生旅程的艰难，并寄予了对国事的忧虑和担心。全诗以强烈的咏叹凭空起事，继之以浩渺混茫的古代传说和高危险峻的山水景物。想像之丰富，比喻之奇特，笔法之夸张扬厉，韵律之流转华美，是本诗主要的艺术特色。 《杜甫诗三首》 1、关于作者：杜甫(712—770)，字子美生于河南巩县一个没落的官僚地主家庭。杜甫是我国文学史上 伟大的现实主义诗人，他一生写了1400多首诗，博得后人广泛的称赞。他的诗不仅具有丰富的社会内容，鲜明的时代色彩和强烈的政治倾向，而且充溢着热爱祖国、热爱人民的崇高精神。人们称杜甫的诗为“诗史”，是“千古绝唱”，称誉杜甫是“诗学宗师”，“诗圣”，对于这些高度的称誉，杜甫是当之无愧的。 2、关于作品：《杜甫诗三首》都是作者流寓夔州时所作，都作于秋天，都是律诗。其中《秋兴八
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly diseas e of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be contr olled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera kille d people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangero us gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the dis ease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evide nce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his en quiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the de aths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 an d 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he mad e further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 C ambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water f rom the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He imm ediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away fr om Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certaint y that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source o f all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY