常见的字母与字母组合发音规则
（I）元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则
元音字母的发音
（一）元音字母a
1.重读开音节[ei] paper ; late ; make ; lake ; face
2.重读闭音节[?] bag ; fat ; cat ; ladder ; mass
（*例外：any一些[e] ;many许多[e]）
3.非重读音节[?]或[i]
即：[?]—— ago ; along ; among ; above ; aloud
[i]—— comrade ; village ; manager ；palace ; private ；necklace
*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village .
4.在字母w或wh后面，发[?] was ; wash ; what ; want ;
(*例外：water水[?:])
5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发[a:]
即：dance ;France ; chance
ask ;mask ;task ;basket
class ;grass ;glass;pass ;——（*例外：mass[?]）
fast ;cast ;past ;last ;master ;
father ;path ;bath ;——(*例外：maths[?])
(二)元音字母e
1.重读开音节[i:] me ;he ;she ;these ;evening
2.重读闭音节[e] hen ;get ; set ;tell ; echo
3.非重读音节[i] useless ;ticket ;basket ;pocket ;before ;below ;
（三）元音字母i或y
1.重读开音节[ai] China ; try ; my ; hi ; time ; guide;
2.重读闭音节[i] sit ; hit ; ill ; little ; system ;
3.非重读音节[i] unit ;study
(四)元音字母o
1.重读开音节[?u] no ; so ; go ; home ; photo ;
2.重读闭音节[?] not ; hot ; box ; fox ; cock ; cost ;
3.非重读音节[?] purpose ; concern
4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发[?]
son ; month ; come ; ton ; (*例外：Tom[?])
love ; dove ; glove ; above ; another
mother ; brother ; become ; some
5.两个单词：woman[‘wu-m?n]女人（单数）; women[‘wi-min]女人（复数）
（五）元音字母u
1.重读开音节[ju:] pupil ; student ; use ; cube
2.重读闭音节[?]或[u]
即：[?]——cut ; luck ; umbrella ; us
[u]——put ; full ; pull
4.非重读音节[?] autumn ;August ; support
●元音字母组合的拼读规则
（一）元音字母a的字母组合
1.ai或ay在重读音节中[ei] rain ; train ; brain ; pain
day ; may ; play ; stay ; lay
*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei] Sunday ; Monday ; Tuesday ; Thursday ; Friday
2.al+绝大多数辅音字母[?:] small ; wall ; call ; talk ; walk ；chalk
3.或[?: l] also ; always
*al后面是k时，只发[?:]
al+f或m时，al发[a:] half ; calm
-al在词尾非重读[（?）l] medal ; metal ; (例外canal运河，重音在后[?l]) 3.-ance在重读时[a: ns] chance ; dance ; France
在非重读时[?ns] importance ；performance ；ambulance
4.-ant非重读[?nt] assistant ; important ；peasant
5.-ange一般[eind?] change ; danger ; strange ;(*但orange [ind?])
6.-age 一般[id?] village ; carriage ; marriage
7.-ask一般重读时[a: sk] ask ; mask ; task ;basket
8.-ass一般重读时[a: s] class ; glass ; grass ; pass ; (*但mass[?])
9.-ast一般重读时[a: st] last ; past ; fast ; cast
-aste一般[eist] waste ; paste ; taste
10.-ath一般[a: θ] bath ; path ; (*但maths[?θ])
或[a: e] father ; rather ; (*但gather[?e])
11.-au一般[?:] cause ; autumn ;August ; (*但because[?])
-augh(t) [?: (t)] caught ; taught ; daughter
(*例外：laugh[l a: f])
12.-aw [?:] draw ; saw ; law ; awful
13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发[?]
was ; wash ; want ; what ; (*但water[?:])
14.-ar 重读音时[a:] party ; car ; farm ; army ; yard ; hard ; star
在字母w或音[w]后面时[?:] war ; warm ; warn ;towards ; *quarter
在非重读音时[-?] beggar ; dollar ; solar
15.-are一般[-ε?] hare ; bare ; dare ; stare ; rare ; care ; parent
16.-air一般[-ε?] chair ; fair ; hair ; pair ; stair ; repair
17.-able 一般[eibl] able; cable ; table ; stable
(二)元音字母e的组合
1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：
-ea[i:] team ; meat ; lead ; teach ; read ; mean ; please ; steal
-ea[e] threat ; bread ; meant ; read(过去式和过去分词) ; peasant
-ea[i?] real ; really
-ea[ei] great ; break
2.-ee[i:] feel ; week ; keep ; three ; steel ; street ; sweep ; see
*但是一个例外：coffee[i]
3.-eer[i?] deer ; pioneer ; engineer ; volunteer
4.-er重读音节[?:] her ; term ; service ; Germany
非重读[?] worker ; paper ; western ; teacher
特殊读法[a:] clerk
5.-ere [i?] here ; mere
-ere 或者发[ε?] there ; where
6.-ear 有三种音，分别是：
-ear [i?] ear ; dear ; near ; clear ; tear (n.) ; beard
-ear [?:] early ; earth ; learn ; heard
-ear [a:] heart
* tear作为动词时，发[ε?]
7.-ei [ei] eight ; weigh ; weight
-ei [ai] height
-ei [i:] receive
8.-ey重读[ei] they ; hey ; survey
-ey重读[i:] key
-ey非重读[i] monkey ; donkey ; valley ; volleyball
*-et非重读[it] pocket ; ticket ; rocket
9.-ew 一般[ju:] new ; few ; knew
-ew 或者发[u:] grew ; threw
-ew还可以发[?u] sew
10.-ege [id?] college
11.-est [i s t] biggest ; modest ; happiest;
12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d] lived ; studied
-ed在清音后[t] worked ; finished
-ed在字母t或d后[id] wanted ; needed
（三）元音字母i或y的组合
1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发[i:] field ; piece ; achieve
-ie在词尾[ai] lie ; die ; tie
2.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)] high ; night ; light ; bright
3.-ir在重读音节[?:] girl ; firm ; circle ; first ; third
4.-ire在重读音节[‘ai?] fire ; tired ; hire ; retired ; wire
5.-ild [aild] child ; wild
6.-ind [aind] find ; kind ; mind ; wind ; (*但window[ind])
7.-ing [i?] king ; wing ; sing ; doing ; making
8.-(a)tion [(ei) ?n] nation ; pronunciation ; information ；composition
-stion [t?n] question
-sion [?n]或[?n] mission使命; precision精密
9.-ye在词尾[ai] good-bye; bye-bye
10.-ist[i s t] list ; fist ;
(四)元音字母o的组合
1.-oa在重音时[?u] boat ; coat ; road ; goat ; toad
-oar在重音时[?:] blackboard ; aboard
2.-oi，-oy在重音时[?i] boiler ; point ; join ; oil
boy ; toy ; joy ; loyal
3.-oo一般[u:] soon ; too ; zoo ; room ; noon ; food ; mood ; boot ; moon
*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如classroom[u]…等等。在字母k或有时在t，d之前时[u] cook ; look ; book ; took ; foot ; good ；4.-or在重音时[?:] for ; horse ; important ; morning ; born
-or在字母w后面[?:] work ; word ; world ; worse ; worth
(*但是wore ,worn例外，均发[?:])
-or在非重音时[?] monitor ; doctor ; professor ; forget ;
forwards ; forgive ; conductor
5.-oar一般[?:] board ; aboard; blackboard
6.-oor一般[?:]或在美式英语里发[??] door ; floor
-oor 还发[u?] poor
7.-ore在重音时[?:] snore ; more ; before ; foreign; forest
8.-ou一般[au] shout ; loud ; round ; found
-ou还发[?] country ; countryside ；trouble
-ou 还发[u:] wound ; wounded
9.-ough(t)发[?:( t)] ought ; brought ; bought ; fought ; thought
(*例外：cough[k ? f])
10.-oe[?u] toe ; hoe ; Joe
11.-old[?u l d] old ; hold ; cold ; told
12.-ost[?u s t] post ; most ; host ; ghost (*例外cost[? s t])
13.-our在重音时[au] sour ; our ; hour ;
还发[?:] four ; course ; pour
还发[u?] tour ; gourd
-our 在词尾(非重音)[ ?] colour ; neighbour ; favourite
14.-ow在重音时[au] now ; cow ; down ; how ; town
-ow在重音或非重音中[?u] low ; yellow ; below ; follow ; grow tomorrow ; window ; widow ; know ; show
（五）元音字母u的组合