高等学校英语专业系列教材
体例反映教学过程☆目标方法一目了然
全面加强听说译写☆着重深度理解能力
夯实语法词汇基础☆介绍修辞文体知识
切实减轻师生负担☆直通考研专业八级
A NEW COURSE
BOOK FOR
ADV ANCED
ENGLISH
新编高级英语
BOOK 1 (上册)
TEACHER’S BOOK（教师用书）
主编彭长江
湖南师范大学出版社
《新编高级英语》编审委员会
主任: 蒋坚松黄振定
主审（按姓氏拼音排序）：
陈红邓天文邓颖玲高翔罗忠民
舒奇志汤卫根王令坤肖建安
主编: 彭长江
副主编: 徐江清潘利锋李阳
编委(按姓氏拼音排序):
戴玉群邓跃平高伟李素琼刘腊梅刘明东毛新耕
潘利锋彭长江唐姿邬德平吴晓春徐江清杨洁
易艳萍张冬梅张沉香张建佳郑周林周四媛朱小舟
编者的话
本书为《新编高级英语》教师用书第一册。以下是我们的教学建议：
1．本册教材共12单元，供一学期用。前10单元为必讲教材，有时间可选讲后2单元。
2．每单元的时间分配为：课文部分3课时左右，词语、语法、修辞三部分各1课时左右。
3．各课教学步骤
第一部分文本处理（Part 1 Text-processing）
1. 独立阅读（Independent Reading）
要求学生课前独立阅读课文，阅读时可参阅Notes for Preview, 对注释中的词语意义还不清楚时，可参看Appendix 3中的中文释义。
2. 教师辅助作业（Teacher-aided Work）
第一节课首先进行导入(Lead-in)，方法是给学生放一段关于作者与本课选文的录音，要求学生边听边做笔记，听完后给10分钟时间让学生填经过改写的短文中的空。
然后帮助学生进行深度理解（In-depth Comprehension）。方法是针对课文某些词语、句子提出15~20个问题。教师应着力讲好这些问题。然后是做多项选择题。
最后是做课文延伸（Extension from the Text）中的练习。这一步可在第3课时进行。包括3项工作：一是要求学生在经过充分准备的基础上，口头回答所提问题。二是做一段完形填空题。在教师用书中填空之后有说明，教师应向学生讲清填空的理由。最后是段落英译中、中译英，或作文。这三项每三个单元轮换一次。翻译题或作文题主要由学生在课后做，教师可抽查部分学生的作业，然后进行适当的讲评。
第二部分工具打磨（Part 2 Tool-sharpening）
1. 词语（Words and Phrases）
这一部分大约花1课时。研究(Study) 部分主要由学生自己阅读，看了还不明白，可参阅教材后的Appendix 3。教师可进行切中要害的精讲。多项选择题在课堂上做，句子翻译题可选一部分在课堂上做，其余的课外做。
2. 语法
这一部分大约花1课时。教师可进行重点讲解，练习在课堂上做。
3. 修辞
这一部分也大约花1课时。教师可进行重点讲解，练习在课堂上做。
本教师用书最大的特点是：为了方便教师教学，学生用书中的练习原题与参考答案在本教参中同时出现，教师不必在学生用书与教师用书中来回看。本教材还有完整的试题库，可免除教师命题之苦。
由于编者水平有限，可能有不少不妥之处。编者诚恳希望使用本书的教师不吝赐教。
感谢参与本册编写的十位同志。他们负责编写的部分如下：湘潭大学李素琼：第2单元；湖南工业大学张冬梅：第3单元；湖南科技学院刘腊梅：第4单元；湘南学院张建佳：第6单元；长沙理工大学邓跃平：第7单元；怀化学院唐姿：第8单元；长沙大学吴晓春：第9单元；衡阳师范学院徐江清：第10单元；江苏科技大学戴玉群：第11单元；湖南第一师范学校刘明东：第12单元。第1单元、第5单元则由本人负责编写。本册副主编徐江清同志负责本书最后的校对工作。
特别要感谢的是我在湖南师范大学外国语学院的同事蒋坚松教授，是我们一起商讨了这两册书的教师用书的编写原则、编写体例。特别要感谢的还有湖南师范大学出版社编辑李阳同志，吸收了他许多有益的建议，才最后完善了本书的编写体例。
在此还要感谢湖南师范大学外国语学院领导以及湖南师大出版社的支持。感谢湖南师范大学外国语学院的同事、衡阳师范学院外语系和湖南科技学院外语系的领导与同事的支持与鼓励，感谢所有为我们提供素材的作家和参考文献作者。感谢校内外所有为我们积累了丰富教学经验的师长和同仁们。
彭长江
湖南师范大学外国语学院
2008年3月
Contents
UNIT 1 ……………………………………..…………………………….
UNIT 2………............……………………………………………………
UNIT 3………………………………………………..…………………
UNIT 4……………………………………………………………………
UNIT 5………………………………………………..…………………
UNIT 6………………………………………………..…………………
UNIT 7………………………………………………..…………………
UNIT 8………………………………………………..…………………
UNIT 9………………………………………………..…………………
UNIT 10………………………………………………..…………………
UNIT 11………………………………………………..…………………
UNIT 12………………………………………………..…………………
Appendix 1 Sample Test in Advanced English for English Majors…….
Appendix 2 Answer Sheets with Key to Sample Test in Advanced English
for English Majors…………………………………………
Appendix 3 Test Bank
UNIT 1
Part 1 Text-processing
Teacher-aided Work
Lead-in
Listen to the recorder and take notes. Then fill in each gap in the following passage with ONE word according to what you have heard. Finish your work within 10 minutes.
Tape script:
E. B. White was born in 1899 in Mount V ernon, New Y ork. He served in the army before going to Cornell University. There he wrote for the college newspaper, the Cornell Daily Sun. After he graduated, he worked as a reporter for the Seattle Times in 1922 and 1923. As he put it, he found that he was ill-suited for daily journalism, and his city editor had already reached the same conclusion, so they came to an amicable parting of the ways.
In 1927 he became a writer for The New Y orker magazine, where he became well known. He wrote columns for Harper‘s magazine from 1938 to 1943, which resulted in an anthology entitled One Man‘s Meat and published in 1942.
White‘s career had already brought him much fame, but he was about to try something new. His nieces and nephews always asked him to tell them stories, so he began writing his own tales to read to them. In 1945 he started publishing these stories as books. All three, Stuart Little (1945), Charlotte‘s Web(1952) and The Trumpet of the Swan (1970), are now considered classics of children‘s literature.
His best essays appear in three collections: One Man‘s Meat (1944), The Second Tree from the Corner (1954) and The Points of My Compass (1962).
In 1959, White edited and updated The Elements of Style. This handbook of grammatical and stylistic dos and don‘ts for writers of American English had been written and published in 1918 by William Strunk Jr., one of White‘s professors at Cornell. White‘s rework o f the book was extremely well received. The volume is a standard tool for students and writers, and remains required reading in many composition classes.
In 1977 he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his lifetime‘s work.
White died on October 1, 1985 at his farm home in North Brooklin, Maine, after a long fight with Alzheimer's Disease. He was cremated, and his ashes were buried beside his wife at the Brooklin Cemetery.
A leading essayist and literary stylist of his time, White is known for his crisp, graceful, relaxed style. To him, ―style not only reveals the man, it reveals his identity, as surely as would his fingerprints.‖ (The Elements of Style) The subtlety, the sentiment, the facility and sensitivity with words—all mark him out from his fellow essayists.
―Once More to the Lake‖, selected from E. B. White‘s One Man‘s Meat, is the story of a man returning to his younger days by revisiting a lake from his childhood. Throughout the trip he hovered between being an older man and a younger boy and felt that ―the years were a mirage and there had been no years.‖ But throughout the story, there are small hints that are just enough not to let him fall completely into his dream and to remind him that man is mortal after all.
Passage for gap-filling:
E. B. White, an American writer, was born in 1899. After his graduation from Cornell University in 1822, he reported for a newspaper. In 1927 he became a writer for The New Y orker magazine. He wrote 1) columns for Harper‘s magazine from 1938 to 1943. I n 1945 he started publishing 2) tales he had written for his nieces and nephews in book form. White wrote a large number of 3) essays, and the best of them were published in three collections. In 1959, he edited and updated The Elements of Style, a handbook by one of his professors at Cornell. In 1977 he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his lifetime‘s work, and he died in 1985.
―Once More to the Lake‖, selected from his One Man‘s Meat, is the story of a man returning to his younger days by coming back to a lake he had visited when a boy. Throughout the trip he felt that he had a 4) double identity and that ―there had been no years.‖ But throughout the story, there are just enough hints to remind him that time passes and man must 5) die after all.
In-depth Comprehension
1. Questions
1) Para 1: What happened to the author‘s father when he was in a canoe? Was it good or bad? How do you know?
His father’s canoe overturned and he fell into the lake with all his clothes on. That was something bad, for it is mentioned together with another bad thing—getting ringworm, and is excluded from what made the visit a success.
2) Para 1: What does ―a saltwater man‖ mean? Since when has the author become a saltwater man? Give your reasons.
“Saltwater”here refers to seawater, which is salty. “A saltwater man”doesn’t mean a man who drinks saltwater, but one who bathes in the sea, because the intention in going to the seaside was to vacation there. (Attention: One should be careful about the actual relation between a noun as modifier and the noun modified) Most probably, the author has gone to the seaside for
vacation instead of the lake in Maine since he got married and had a family of his own.
3) Para 2: What does the author mean by saying his son ―had never had any freshwater up his nose‖ and ―had seen lily pads only from train windows?‖
He means that the boy had always gone with him to the seaside for his holidays and never bathed in a freshwater lake where you often find lily pads, that is, water lily with its large, floating leaves. He had only seen them from train windows. The author here states the result (freshwater up his nose) rather than the cause (swimming in freshwater), which is a case of metonymy.
4) Para 2: How could the tarred road, which had no life, have ―found out‖ the lake? What is the author‘s real meaning? Was it good or bad in the author‘s opinion? What is your reason for this conclusion?
The lifeless tarred road is here personified (compared to a human being) by the use of the verb “found out”. The author’s real meaning is that the tarred road must have extended to the lake. He views it as a bad thing, because he mentions it together wit h ―other ways it (the lake) would be desolated.‖
5) Para 2: How can a person‘s mind move in grooves, which are physical? How would the author have said it in plain words?
A groove is a long narrow hollow path or track in a surface, esp. to guide the movement of something. Here a person’s mind is compared to something that moves in grooves. In plain words, the author would have said “Once you recall the past.”
6) Para 2: What does ―clear‖ in ―extend clear to‖ mean? How would the author have probably descri bed the partitions if he had used an affirmative sentence? What is the author‘s intention in describing the partitions?
Here “clear”means “all the way”. Using an affirmative sentence, the author would probably have said “The partitions in the camp were thin and there were blanks between their tops and the top of the rooms.”He describes the partitions to imply that they were not soundproof and that that was the reason for his soft actions.
7) Para 2: Is it possible that there is a cathedral on the shores of the lake? If not, what does ―cathedral‖ really refer to? And why does the author call it a cathedral?
A cathedral is a big church that serves as the official seat of a bishop, which is usually located in a fairly large town or city. So it is impossible that there is a real cathedral by the lake. The author here is comparing the lake, which is holy to him, to a cathedral.
8) Para 3: What is the author‘s intention in saying ―you would live at the shore and eat your meals at the farmhouse?‖
He says this to imply that the farmhouses were very near to the shore of the lake, which in turn supports the idea that the lake had never been what you would call a wild lake.
9) Para 5: What is a mirage? What does the author mean by ―the years were a m irage and there had been no years?‖
A mirage is an optical effect sometimes seen at sea or in a desert caused by bending or reflection of light by a layer of heated air (海市蜃楼). Here it refers to something unreal, illusory. The author means that the years that had passed appeared to be unreal because nothing of consequence had really changed.
10) Para 5: Does a rowboat really have a chin? What does ―chucking the rowboat under the chin‖ mean?
Both the rowboat and the lake are personified by the use of the words “chuck”and “chin”.
“Chuck”, here meaning “stroke gently with the hand”, refers actually to “beat very lightly”, and “chin”here refers to that part of the bow (the front part) which protrudes over the water.
11) Para 5: Which does ―catch‖ in ―the dried blood from yesterday‘s catch‖ refer to, an action or things? What is your reason?
“Catch”here does not mean the action of catching, but what is caught, referring specifically to fish that had been caught, because “yesterday’s catch”could shed blood.
12) Para 5: Was it really the author‘s hands that held his son‘s rod, his eyes that were watching? If not, what does he mean?
“It was my hands that held his rod, my eyes watching”simply repeats what is meant by “I began to sustain the illusion that he was I”in Paragraph 4.
13) Para 6: Which is usually bigger and stronger, a bass or a mackerel? Give your reasons.
A bass is usually bigger and stronger than a mackerel, because the angler usually has to use a landing net when pulling in a bass, while he does not have to do so when landing a mackerel. 14) Para 6: Can a lake move to anothe r place? If not, why does the author say ―the lake was exactly where we had left it?‖
Here “the lake”refers to the level of the body of water. If the level rises, it will cover a wider area, and will seem to have moved.
15) Para 6: What does ―attendance‖ mean? How is the attendance doubled?
“Attendance”usually means the number of people present on a particular occasion, but here refers to the number of minnows swimming in the water. The attendance was doubled by their shadows.
16) Para 6: What does ―cultist‖ mean? Whom does ―this cultist‖ refer to in this context?
“Cultist”means “a follower of a particular custom”, here referring to the person always washing himself with a cake of soap.
2. Multiple-choice Questions
1) The author would like it better _______A________.
A. if the lake were completely wild
B. if there were more farmhouses near the lake
C. if the lake were more easily accessible by car
D. if they could eat right in their camp
Explanation:
The phrase “wish for the placidity of a lake in the woods”and the sentence “I was sure the tarred road would have found it out and I wondered in what other ways it would be desolated”show that the author likes a wild lake which is not spoilt by human activity.
2) The arrival of the author and his family at the lake is described in Paragraph _______C_______.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Explanation:
Paragraph 4 begins with “I was right about the tar: it led to within half a mile of the shore”and that indicates that the author is beginning to describe what he actually saw of the lake area on this trip, while the previous paragraphs only tell about his recollections and guesses.
3) What is common to Paragraphs 4, 5, and 6 is _______D_______.
A. that they are about the same length
B. that they are of the same degree of difficulty
C. that they tell about the experiences of the same people
D. that they describe the illusion of the exact repetition of the same scenes
Explanation:
“It was going to be pretty much the same as it had been before”in Para 4, “everything was as it always had been”in Para 5, “there had been no years”in Para 6 and the frequent repetitions of the word “same”in these paragraphs show that the answer is D.
4) Which of the following is false? _______A_______
A. Paragraph 3 describes the lake as the author sees it when he visits it this time.
B. Paragraph 4 tells about the resemblance of the father and son of the present to those of the past.
C. Paragraph 5 focuses on the sameness of the scenes of fishing at different times.
D. Paragraph 6 emphasizes the unchangeableness of the lake.
Explanation:
“That’s what our family did”and “there were places in it which, to a child at least, seemed infinitely remote and primeval”hint that the author is describing his impressions of the lake when he came as a child with his father, not as a father on this trip.
5) From this excerpt we can see that the author ________B________.
A. is a conservative
B. is a nostalgic nature-lover
C. is a muddle-headed person who cannot tell the present from the past.
D. lives a double life.
Explanation:
The author loves the wild lake, and hates it’s being spoilt by human activity. He indulges in recollections of the past and often feels as if there had been no years. So we say that he is a nostalgic nature-lover.
Extension from the Text
1. Speaking
Based on clues in the text alone, say something about the author (his nationality, the approximate date of his birth, his age when he wrote this essay, his family, etc.) and give reasons for what you say.
The author was American because when he was still a boy his family often visited a lake in Maine, which is a state of the US. In the year 1904, he was still a teenager, so he was probably born around 1890. When he wrote this essay he had a son about the same age as he had been when he went with his father to the lake, so he was now about forty. Most probably, he had a family of three, because he had only one son and must have had a wife though he never mentions her.
2. Cloze
Up to the farmhouse to dinner through the teeming, dusty field, the road under our sneakers was only a two-track road. The middle track was missing, the 1) one with the marks of the hooves and the splotches of dried, flaky manure. There had always been 2) three tracks to choose from in choosing which track to walk in; now the 3) choice was narrowed down to two. For a moment I 4) missed terribly the middle alternative. But the way led past the tennis 5) court, and something about the way it lay there in the sun reassured me; the tape had loosened along the backline, the alleys were green with plantains and other 6) weeds, and the net (installed in June and removed in September) sagged in the dry noon, and the whole place steamed with midday 7) heat and hunger
and emptiness. There was a choice of pie for dessert, and one was blueberry and one was apple, and the 8) waitresses were the same country girls, there having been no 9) passage of time, only the illusion of it as in a dropped curtain—the waitresses were still fifteen; their hair had been washed, that was the only 10) difference—they had been to the movies and seen the pretty girls with the clean hair.
Explanations:
1) ―The . . .‖ is in apposition to ―the middle track‖ and refers to it. ―One‖ is used to avoid the repetition of ―track‖.
2) ―A two-track road‖ and ―the middle track was missing‖ te ll us that there had been three tracks before.
3) ―Three tracks to choose from‖ and ―. . . was narrowed down to two‖ show that the blank must refer to ―the number of things to choose from‖, which is the meaning of ―choice‖.
4) As the middle track was missing, the relation between the author and the track can only be mental, and the word ―terribly‖ shows that it is emotional—regretting the absence of something one loved. So ―missed‖ is the right word.
5) ―The way led past . . .‖ and ―it lay there‖ indicate that ―the tennis . . .‖ refers to a location related to the game of tennis, so it must be the tennis ―court‖. This is further proved by the description of the ―tape‖, ―alleys‖ and ―net‖.
6) ―Plantain‖ is a weed, ―other . . .‖ must be ―other weeds‖.
7) ―June‖, ―September‖, ―noon‖, ―steamed‖ and ―midday‖ all connote high temperature. In ―steamed with . . . ―, the blank states the reason for ―steaming‖, which can only be ―heat‖.
8) The subject of ―. . . were the same country girls‖ must refer to females. These females must be related to the supply of such foods as blueberry pie and apple pie. So they were either cooks or waitresses. But ―the whole place‖ was not the author‘s home, so the females were not cooks, but waitresses, who are further described later in the passage.
9) In ―no . . . of time‖, the blank must refer to a phenomenon with ―time‖, which is either ―passage‖ (a noun derived from the verb ―pass‖) or ―stopping‖, or ―waste‖ or ―saving‖. ―No passage of time‖ is reasonable because ―the waitresses were the same country girls.‖
10) The waitresses were the same as those of the past in age—still fifteen. But they had washed their hair because they had been to the movies and seen the pretty girls with the clean hair, whereas the waitresses of the past had had no chance of seeing movies, which did not appear until 1911. So the clean hair was a ―difference.‖
3. Translating
Translate the underlined part of the following passage into Chinese.
Summertime, oh summertime, pattern of life indelible, the fade-proof lake, the woods unshatterable, the pasture with the sweet fern and the juniper forever and ever, summer without end; this was the background, and the life along the shore was the design, the cottagers with their innocent and tranquil design, their tiny docks with the flagpole and the American flag floating against the white clouds in the blue sky, the little paths over the roots of the trees leading from camp to camp and the paths leading back to the outhouses and the can of lime for sprinkling, and at the souvenir counters at the store the miniature birch-bark canoes and the post cards that showed things looking a little better than they looked. This was the American family at play, escaping the city heat, wondering whether the newcomers in the camp at the head of the cove were ―common‖ or ―nice,‖ wondering whether it was true that the people who drove up for Sunday
dinner at the farmhouse were turned away because there wasn‘t enough chicken.
……这一切是底色，湖四周的生活是这底色上的图案。村民们编织着他们纯洁而宁静的生活图案；小小的码头上竖着旗杆，美国国旗在蔚蓝的天幕下迎风飘扬，映衬着朵朵白云。小径越过树根，从一栋小屋通向另一栋小屋，最后折回到户外厕所和放置喷洒用的石灰罐的地方。百货店的纪念品柜台上，摆放着白桦树雕成的微形独木舟；明信片上的景物比它们本来的样子显得稍许好看些。这是闲适的美国家庭，不受城市酷热的煎熬，拿不准小湾尽头的新来者是“一般人”呢还是“有教养的人”，也拿不准星期天驱车来农庄吃饭的那些人因鸡肉不够而被拒之门外的传说是不是真的。
Chinese V ersion of the Text
再度游湖(节选)
1 有一年夏天，是1904年前后吧，我父亲在缅因州的一个湖边租了一间营房，带着我们大家到那儿去过八月。我们个个都患了小猫传染的铜钱癣，不得不在臂上腿上日日夜夜涂庞氏膏；父亲划独木舟时和衣翻进了湖里；但是除了这些，假期过得很开心。自此之后，我们谁都认为世上再没有像缅因州那个湖那么好的去处了。一年又一年夏天，我们回到湖畔度假——总是八月一日去，接着待上一整月。从此我一直都是到海边浸咸水。但是夏天有时候潮涨潮退不得一会儿安宁，海水凉得刺骨，整个下午，海风刮得没完没了，一直刮到晚上。这一切都使我向往森林里一个小湖的宁静。几周前，这渴望愈来愈强烈，于是买了几个刺鳍鱼钓钩，一个旋转钓饵，回到以前度假的湖畔，打算钓一个礼拜的鱼，重游昔日常去的地方。
2我是带着儿子去的。他鼻子里从来没有呛过淡水，也只在火车窗口见过睡莲叶子。到湖边去途中，我开始琢磨那湖如今成了什么样儿，琢磨着岁月把这个无与伦比的圣地毁坏到了什么地步——那一个个小湾，那一条条溪流，还有那一座座落日依偎的小山，那一间间营房以及房后的一条条小路，都怎么样了？我想，那条柏油路一定一直修到了湖边，琢磨着破坏湖景的还有哪些东西。也真怪，你一旦开始回忆往事，关于那样的地方你记得的是那么多。你想起了一件事，那件事突然又让你想起另一件事。我想，我记得最清楚的是湖水清凉，纹丝不动的清晨；我记起营房卧室里飘着建房用的木材的香味，还有从纱窗透进来的潮湿的树木的气味。隔板很薄，没有一直伸到屋顶；而我总是最早起床，只得悄悄穿好衣服，免得吵醒别人，然后蹑手蹑脚地溜到芬芳馥郁的野外，登上独木舟，挨着岸边，在松树长长的影子中向前划去。我记得自己非常小心，不让桨叶擦着船舷上沿，唯恐打破了这圣地的宁静。
3那湖一向就不是你所说的那种不见人迹的湖。湖畔散落着农舍，尽管周围树木蓊郁，但外围是农田。有的农舍是邻近庄户人家的。度假者住在湖边，但到农舍就餐。我家当时就是这样。然而，这湖虽不是完全不见人迹，倒也相当大，无车马之喧。而且至少对一个孩子来说，有些去处似乎无限遥远而古老。
4关于柏油路，我果然猜中了。这路已修到离岸边只有半英里的地方。但是，当我带儿子回到那儿，在农庄附近的一间营房里安顿下来，开始度过那种熟悉的夏令时光，我看得出，情况会跟以前没有多大差别——第一天清晨，我躺在床上，闻着卧室的木材气味，听见儿子蹑手蹑脚溜出屋子，登上小船沿岸划去，我就知道这一点。我开始产生了一种幻觉：儿子就是我，而我，经过简单的换位，就成了我父亲。我们在那儿逗留的那些天里，这种感觉挥之不去，时时会冒出来。当然，这种幻觉以往并非从来都不曾有过，但在这种场景里，就更加强烈了。我似乎在过着双重的生活。我常常正做着某种极普通的事，正拾起一只鱼饵盒，或是放下一只餐叉，或是正说着什么。突然间，我觉得是我的父亲，而不是我，在说着这话，在做着这事。那是一种让人浑身发麻的感觉。
5当天上午，我们去钓鱼。我抚摸着鱼饵罐里盖着虫子的同样湿润的青苔，看见那只蜻蜓在离水面几英寸的地方盘旋，然后落到我的钓竿梢上。正是这只蜻蜓的到来使我毫无疑问地
相信，一切就像从前，岁月不过是海市蜃楼罢了，根本就未曾流逝。我们把船泊在湖中垂钓，那轻波细浪还是原样，轻抚着船头下面，船还是那条船，颜色依旧碧绿，船肋依旧在原处断裂。舱板下残留着的依旧是那样一些淡水残渣废弃物——一只只死掉的鱼蛉幼虫，一团团苔藓，生锈的废钓钩，昨天钓到的鱼留下的血迹。我们默默地凝视着钓竿末梢，凝视着飞来飞去的蜻蜓。我把钓竿放低，让竿梢浸到水里，尝试地、若有所思地把蜻蜓赶离竿梢。蜻蜓飞开两英尺，悬空不动，然后又飞回来，落在钓竿上更远一点的地方。这只蜻蜓躲闪的情形跟原来那只蜻蜓——记忆中的蜻蜓——躲闪的情形之间并没有岁月的流逝。我瞧瞧儿子，他正默默地注视着他的钓竿上的蜻蜓，我觉得拿着钓竿的是我的手，注视着的是我的眼睛。我不禁头晕目眩起来，分不清自己坐在哪根钓竿后面。
6我们钓到了两条刺鳍鱼，轻捷地把它们拖过来，像是拖鲭鱼似的，连抄网都没用就熟练地拖进了船舱，在它们头上敲了一下，把它们打昏。我们回到岸边，想在午饭前游一会泳，发现湖水淹到的地方跟我们离开时完全一样，离码头还是那几英寸远，湖面上仅有一丝丝微风。这湖水仿佛是一片完全被法术镇住的海洋。你可以离开它，听其自然，几个钟头之后再回来，会发现它依然纹丝未动，还是那一泓坚贞可靠的静水。浅水处，一丛丛被水浸透的黑色的枝梢，光滑而陈旧，在湖底起伏，下面衬着有一条条波纹的洁净的湖沙，贻贝爬过的痕迹清晰可见。一群鲦鱼游过，每一条都投下一条纤细的影子，鱼仿佛多了一倍，在阳光照耀下，清晰鲜明。其他一些宿营者正沿着岸边游着，其中一人拿着一块肥皂，湖水显得浅而清，仿佛一片虚空。多少年来，总有这么个拿着肥皂的人，这么个有洁癖的人，而现在他也在这里。岁月从未流逝。
Part 2 Tool-sharpening
Words and Phrases
Exercises
1. Multiple-choice Questions
1) ______C______ that their interests were threatened, they maintained large standing armies.
A. Believed
B. Confident
C. Convinced
D. Trusted
2) He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent here ____A____ of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.
A. swarms
B. schools
C. flocks
D. herds
3) Although more recent digital systems have attempted to address these fundamental issues, security problems continue to ____D____.
A. persevere
B. insist
C. stick
D. persist
4) The world has become ____B____ unified place in economic, political and military terms and subsequently in cultural forms.
A. a unique
B. a single
C. an only
D. a sole
5) People complained that _____A____ rains have paralyzed life in the capital city.
A. incessant
B. continuous
C. continual
D. endless
6) There are four hours of lessons each morning, and in the afternoon students are left to their own _____D_____.
A. shifts
B. methods
C. control
D. devices.
7) At the national conventions no woman has ____C____ been asked to serve on the platform committee.
A. once
B. before
C. ever
D. formerly
8) Still, she is so afraid of nighttime raids by both the special police and criminals _____C_____
like police officers that she sleeps in her clothes.
A. put on
B. worn
C. dressed
D. were clothed
9) The human weaknesses he illustrates are mostly to do the scheming, deceit and hypocrisy which mask them. ______B_____ of the characters are wholly evil, though.
A. Nobody
B. None
C. No one
D. Not one
10) Ghosts are often associated with a chilling _____D_____, but a natural animal response to fear is hair raising, which can be mistaken for chill.
A. perception
B. emotion
C. sense
D. sensation
2. Translation (with the words or phrases in parentheses)
1) 那人确信自己能够治好他们的铜钱癣，但他们不相信。(convince, believe)
The man was convinced / sure that he could cure them of their ringworm / of his ability to cure them of their ringworm, but they did not believe him.
2) 从连续不断的林带传来没完没了的鸦噪。(continuous, incessant)
From the continuous tree belt came the incessant cawing of crows.
3) 他坚持要我们坚持这项无法完成的工作。(persist, insist)
He insisted that we persist in the task that was impossible to accomplish.
4) 当时谁也不知道，他根本没有自己所吹嘘的才干。(no one, none)
Nobody / No one knew at the time that he had none of the talent that he boasted of.
5) 我们航行到岛上去的时候，看到一大群海豚和一小群海鸥。(school, flock)
We caught sight of / saw a large school of dolphins and a small flock of seagulls on our voyage to the island.
6) 他正在穿衣服的时候，手机响了起来，于是穿好大衣，走了出去。(put on, dress)
He was dressing (himself) when his cell (cellular / mobile) phone rang. Then he put on his overcoat and went out.
7) 如果你有朝一日再到湖边去，那湖看上去不会像你曾经见到的那样遥远而原始。(once, ever)
If you ever go to the lake itself again, it will certainly not look as remote and primeval as it once did when you saw it.
8) 园艺师左右树木的生长，而不会听其自然。(leave to sb’s own devices)
Gardeners control the growth of trees instead of leaving / rather than leave them to their own devices.
9) 他一出门，一种寒冷的感觉便使得他踌躇不前, 也使他的情绪平静下来。(sensation; emotion)
Once / As soon as he was outside / went into the outdoors, a sensation of coldness made him hesitate, and calmed down his emotions too.
10) 他唯一的志向是成为一位风格独特的作家，任何单一的作品都能使他不朽。(unique, single, sole)
His sole / only ambition was to become a writer with a unique style, any single work of whom would make him immortal.
Grammar
Exercises
1. Blank-filling
Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary:
One afternoon while we were there at that lake 1) a thunder-storm came up. It was like 2) the revival of 3) an old melodrama that I had seen long ago with 4) ⅹchildish awe. 5) The second-act climax of 6) the drama of 7) an electrical disturbance over 8) a lake in America had not changed in any important respect. This was 9) the big scene, still 10) the big scene. 11) The whole thing was so familiar, 12) the first feeling of 13) ⅹoppression and heat and 14) a general air of not wanting to go very far away. In mid-afternoon (it was all the same) 15) a curious darkening of 16) the sky, and 17) a lull in everything that had made 18) ⅹlife tick; and then 19) the way 20) the boats suddenly swung the other way at their moorings with the coming of a breeze out of the new quarter, and the premonitory rumble.
2. Proofreading
Peace and goodness and jollity. The only thing that was wrong now, really, was the sound of the place, an unfamiliar nervous sound of the outboard motors. This was
the note ∧jarred, the one thing that would sometimes break the 1) that
illusion and set the years move. In those other summer times 2) moving
all motors were inboard; and they were at a little distance, 3) √
the noise they made was a sedative . . . they all made ∧sleepy 4) a
sound across the lake. The one-lungers throbbed, ∧fluttered, 5) and
and ∧twin-cylinder ones purred and purred, and that was a quiet 6) the
sound too. But now the campers all had outboards. In ∧daytime, 7) the
in the hot mornings, these motors made a petulant, irritable 8) √
sound; at night, in the still evening∧the afterglow lit the water, 9) when
they whined about one‘s ears as mosquitoes. My boy loved10) like
our rented outboard, and his great desire was to achieve single-handed mastery over it, and authority.
Rhetoric
Exercises
1. Figures of Speech
1) In the following sentence, ―chucking‖ and ―the chin‖ realize a personification (an ordinary metaphor; a personification; a simile; an ordinary comparison).
The small waves were the same, chucking the rowboat under the chin as we fished at anchor.
2) In the following sentence, there is a simile (an ordinary metaphor; a personification; a simile; an ordinary comparison).
One afternoon while we were there at that lake a thunder-storm came up. It was like the revival of an old melodrama that I had seen long ago with childish awe.
3) The following sentence contains an ordinary comparison (an ordinary metaphor; a personification; a simile; an ordinary comparison).
. . . and from then on none of us ever thought there was any place in the world like that lake in Maine.
4) In the metaphor in the following sentence, ―this‖ and ―the life along the shore‖ are the tenors (vehicles; tenors) and ―the background‖ and ―the design‖, the vehic les (vehicles; tenors).
. . . this was the background, and the life along the shore was the design.
5) In the following sentence, ―deathless‖ compares a joke to an animal or a human being (a god; an animal or a human being).
The campers ran out in joy and relief to go swimming in the rain, their bright cries perpetuating the deathless joke about how they were getting simply drenched.
6) In the following sentence, ―pawed over‖, which compares the youngsters from the boys‘ camp to clumsy animals, means ―handled roughly‖. (fondle d gently; handled roughly) After breakfast we would go up to the store and the things were in the same place—the minnows in a bottle, the plugs and spinners disarranged and pawed over by the youngsters from the boys’camp.
2．Passive Rhetoric
Identify the topic sentence in Paragraph 3 of the text and its supporting details.
Topic sentence: The lake had never been what you would call a wild lake.
Details:
There were cottages sprinkled around the shores,
and it was in farming country.
Some of the cottages were owned by nearby farmers,
and you would live at the shore and eat your meals at the farmhouse.
That’s what our family did.
UNIT 2
Part 1 Text-processing
Teacher-aided Work
Lead-in
Listen to the recorder and take notes. Then fill in each gap in the following passage with ONE word according to what you have heard. Finish your work within 10 minutes
Tape script:
Ernest Hemingway (1899—1961), a Nobel Prize winner for literature, is one of the greatest American writers. His style, the particular type of hero in his novels, and his life attitudes have been widely recognized and imitated, not only in English-speaking countries, but all over the world.
Hemingway was a myth in his own time and his life was colorful. He was born Ernest Miller Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, son of a successful physician. Hemingway was a good son in the sense that he complied with his parents‘ expectations. He made good grades in school; he wrote for the school paper and literary magazines; he participated in sports. And Hemingw ay often went hunting and fishing with his father or his friends on the lake near Charlevoix, Michigan, which provided him with materials that he drew on for some of his best writing. However, he was not comfortable with the polite, effete, but curiously materialistic culture of his time. After high school, he left home for Kansas City and worked as a reporter. During World War I he served as an honorable junior officer in the American Red Cross Ambulance Corps near the Italian front, and in 1918 was severely wounded in both legs. After the war, he went to Paris as a foreign reporter, employed by The Toronto Star. Influenced and guided by Sherwood, Anderson, Stephen Crane and Gertrude Stein, he became a writer and began to attract attention. Later he actively participated in the Spanish Civil War and World War II. In 1954, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. In 1961, in ill health, anxiety and deep depression, Hemingway shot himself with a hunting gun.
The Sun Also Rises (1926) is Hemingway‘s fi rst true novel. It casts light on a whole generation after the First World War and the effects of the war by way of a vivid portrait of ―The
Lost Generation‖, a group of young Americans who left their native land and fought in the war and later engaged themselves in writing in a new way about their own experiences. The young expatriates in this novel are a group of wandering, amusing, but aimless people, who are caught in the war and removed from the path of ordinary life.
The Sun Also Rises was an international success. But his mother was strongly against what was written in the book and also held a negative attitude towards Hemingway‘s living style. Although Hemingway‘s career was taking off, his personal life was showing cracks. By 1927, his wife, Elizabeth Hadley, was to divorce Hemingway, who was to promptly marry Pauline Pfeiffer, a girl Hemingway had fallen in love with. Eventually, Hemingway settled into a patterned life with Pauline in Key West. He had also earned a reputation as a heavy drinker. In this letter, Hemingway tried hard to explain his life to his parents and sincerely hoped that someday his parents would like his writing.
Passage for gap-filling:
Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois into the 1) family of a successful physician. Hemingway behaved well in the sense that he complied with his parents‘ expectations. However, he was not comfortable with the 2) materialistic culture of his time. During World War I he worked for the Red Cross near the Italian front. After the war, he went to Paris and became a writer. Later he participated in the Spanish Civil War and World War II. In 1954, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. In 1961, he committed 3) suicide.
The Sun Also Rises (1926), Hemingway‘s first true novel, gives a vivid portrait of ―The Lost Generation‖, a group of young Americans who left their native land and fought in the war and later engaged themselves in writing in a new way about their own experiences. This novel was an international success, but his mother was strongly against the 4) contents of the book and also 5) disapproved of his living style. In this letter, Hemingway tried hard to explain his life to his parents and sincerely hoped that someday his parents would like his writing.
In-depth Comprehension
1. Questions
1) Para 3: Does ―it is not all unpleasant‖ mean ―it is not extremely unpleasant‖ or ―it is not unpleasant in all the parts of the book‖? Why?
It means ―not the whole of the content of the book is unpleasant‖. As an adverb, ―all‖ means ―altogether‖, ―entirely‖ or ―wholly‖, which meaning is used here. It may also mean ―to a very great degree‖. But in this meaning, it is either used in the phrase ―all the…‖, such as ―all the sooner‖, or in a compound word, such as ―all-important‖, ―all-powerful‖, etc.
2) Para 3: Does ―such a book‖ refer to The Sun Also Rises alone, or the type of book that it represents? If it is the latter, then what type of book is it?
It refers to a book like The Sun Also Rises. This kind of book describes life as it is. The term for it is ―naturalistic novel‖.
3) Para 3: What does ―the sort of thing…behind closed doors‖ refer to? Which does Hemingway stress, ―the sort of thing…‖ or ―a very lovely side…‖ preceding it? Why does he mention both instead of only the side he stresses?
It refers to bad things people do secretly. Hemingway stresses it so as to justify his description of such things in The Sun Also Rises. He mentions the good side to show the lack of reason for his mother‘s criticism of his book, and the bad side as a justification for what he describes in his book.
4) Para 3: What is Hemingway‘s implication and intention in saying ―I have a long life to write other books and the subjects will not always be the same?‖
The implication is that he was not going always to write books like The Sun Also Rises, which displeased his mother, and that his mother might like his other books. His intention is to reconcile his mother.
5) Para 5: ―Hadley may have divorced me‖ expresses a guess. That is to say, Hemi ngway did not exactly know whether Hadley had divorced him or not. How would you account for this fact?
It was very likely that Hadley, seeing that her husband had fallen in love with another woman, had agreed and promised to divorce him before the time he was writing this letter. Maybe, in Paris, where they were living, a man or woman could divorce his or her spouse without the latter‘s presence. Those of you who can may come up with a better explanation.
6) Para 5: What do you think is Hemingway‘s reas on for telling his mother that all the profits and royalties of The Sun Also Rises, by his order, were being paid directly to Hadley?
This arrangement must have been one of the conditions for their divorce. He told his mother about this to reduce her wo rry about her grandson. The sentence below which says ―so you can see Bumby on the profits of The Sun Also Rises‖ testifies to this.
7) Para 5: Was the book The Sun Also Rises very popular? If it was popular, how do you know?
Y es. The book had gone into 5 printings (15 000 copies) at that time, and it was still going strongly. And what‘s more, the profits of the book had already run to several thousand dollars at that time.
8) Para 5: Judging from the sentenced ―I am not taking one cent of the royalties, which are already running into several thousand dollars, have been drinking nothing but my usual wine or beer with meals, have been leading a very monastic life and trying to write as well as I am able‖, can you imagine what rumors Hemingway‘s mother must have heard of his life style?
She must have heard such rumors as her son‘s extravagance, heavy drinking, and merry-making.
9) Para 5: Why does Hemingway say he and his mother had different ideas about what constitutes good writing?
His mother though t what he wrote of in the book was a great shame, but he didn‘t think so. He thought what he wrote of was only the real presentation of the people in society.
10) Para 5: ―…but you really are deceiving yourself if you allow any Fanny Butchers to tell you t hat I am pandering to sensationalism…‖ How do you understand this part of the sentence?
Hemingway despises Fanny Butcher for her ignorance and he wants to tell his mother what Fanny Butcher said about the book was false, and she should not believe it.
11) Para 5: How does Hemingway refute Fanny Butcher‘s accusation against him of ―pandering to sensationalism?‖
He refutes her by saying that, though popular magazines such as V anity Fair, and Cosmopolitan, magazines pandering to sensationalism, invited him to write for them, he wasn‘t interested in it at all.
12) Para 5: What is Hemingway‘s intention in saying that he was trying to write as well as he could, with no eye on any market, nor any thought of what the stuff would bring, or even if it could ever be published?
This is a further refutation of Fanny Butcher‘s criticism of him. The motive for a writer‘s pandering to sensationalism is to make their books good sellers so as to make money out of them.
This is what she called ―the lowest ends‖ in Par agraph 4. But, in fact, he only wanted to write as well as he could with no eye on any market, showing that Butcher‘s accusation was groundless. 13) Para 5: What does ―the money making trap which handles American writers‖ mean?
It means that American writers, once they decided to make money out of their writing, were forced to write what catered to vulgar interests. They were no longer free to write what they considered really meaningful.
14) Para 6: Who was the other person that Hemingway was sending the letter to? How do you know?
His father. Later in the paragraph, he says ―Dad has been very loyal and while you, mother, have not been loyal at all.‖
15) Para 6: Whom does Hemingway mean his father was loyal to? Why do you say so? Then what does ―loyal‖ mean?
He means that his father was loyal to his family members, in this particular case, to Hemingway. The reason for this conclusion is that here he is only talking about his father, mother and himself. Such being the case, a son‘s loyalty to his par ents is the same as filial duty, and a parent‘s loyalty to his or her son is paternal or maternal love.
2．Multiple-choice Questions
1) In this letter Hemingway tries to _______A______.
A. persuade his parents to understand his life and writing
B. express his displeasure with his mother‘s finding faults with his writing and life
C. show his scorn of the book reviewer Fanny Butcher
D. discuss literary theory with his mother
Explanation:
Paragraph 7 is the summary of this letter, which clearly shows this point.
2) The Sun Also Rises was _____C______ .
A. only an ordinary book
B. a great disgrace
C. a great success
D. a book that caused people pain or disgust
Explanation:
―The book has gone into, by the last ads I saw in January, 5 printings (15,000copies), and is still going strongly‖, ―… the profits of Sun Also Rises…‖ and ―which are already running into sev eral thousand dollars‖ show the book was very popular and it was a great success for Hemingway.
3) Hemingway‘s mother didn‘t like his book The Sun Also Rises because ____D___.
A. it was a book which disgraced her
B. the book was severely criticized by the book reviewer Fanny Butcher
C. the people Hemingway wrote of were burned out, hollow and smashed
D. she couldn‘t understand the young people at that time
Explanation:
―We have different ideas about what constitute good writing‖ shows his mother did not l ike his writing and she couldn‘t understand the young people at that time in terms of feelings and values.
4) ―A great talent‖ in Paragraph 4 refers to _____C_____.
A. a character in The Sun Also Rises
B. the person who was the model of a character in the novel
C. Hemingway himself
D. the reviewer Fanny Butcher
Explanation
It refers to Hemingway himself. The sentence shows the reviewer‘s recognition of Hemingway‘s genius as a writer, but she thought that he was not making use of his genius to produce serious literature, but to make profits.
5) It was _____B_____ that Hemingway calls his father ―Dad‖, his mother ―mother‖, his son ―Bumby‖ and his wife ―Hadley‖.
A. quite accidental
B. due to different emotional distances
C. to display his literary skill
D. a result of his peculiarity in wording
Explanation:
―Dad‖ and ―Mom/Mum‖ are more intimate forms of ―Father‖ and ―Mother‖; about the same difference lies between a person‘s nickname (e.g. Bumby) and real name (e.g. Hadley).
Extension from the Text
1. Speaking
What would you call the disagreement between Hemingway and his mother? Give your reasons from the text.
I would call it a generation gap, which refers to a lack of understanding and communication between parents and children.
First, mother and son had different attitudes towards the latter‘s The Sun Also Rises. The mother criticized the novel for describing unpleasant things, while the son said, ―It is not all unpleasant and I am sure is no more unpleasant than the real inner lives of some of our best Oak Park families.‖ Of cause, the disagreement arose at least partly from the different standards by which mother and son judged what was unpleasant, a difference in viewpoints towards social customs and traditions between two generations who lived in different times.
Then the mother also criticized the son for drinking, but in fact, her criticism was based on hearsay or, to use Hemingway‘s term, on legends. This was due to a lack of intimate communication between mother and son. Behind that was t he mother‘s obsession with her owing it to herself to correct the son in a path which seemed to her disastrous.
2. Cloze
Y ou are fortunate enough to have only been in love with 1) one woman in your life. For over a year I had been in love with two people and had been absolutely 2) faithful to Hadley. When Hadley dec ided that we had better get a 3) divorce, the girl with whom I was in love was in America. I had not 4) heard from her for almost two months. In her last letter she had said that we must not 5) think of each other but of Hadley. Y ou refer to ―Love Pirates‖, ―persons who break up your home etc.‖ and you know that I am hot tempered but I know that it is easy to wish people in Hell when you know nothing of them. I have seen, suffered, and been through enough so that I do not wish anyone in 6) Hell. It is because I do not want you to suffer with ideas of shame and 7) disgrace that I now write all this. We have not seen much of each other for a long time and in the 8)
meantime our lives have been going on and there has been a year of 9) tragedy in mine and I know you can appreciate how difficult and almost 10) impossible it is for me to write about it.
Explanations:
1) In view of the singular number of ―woman‖, ―a‖ and ―one‖ are both possible. But ―in love with ____ woman‖ in this sentence forms a contrast with ―in love with two people‖ in the next, the difference being the number. So ―one must be used instead of ―a‖.
2) Hadley was Hemingway‘s wife, and he was expected to be faithful to his wife.
3) Since Hemingway had been in love with another woman, his wife‘s decision about both her and her husband could have been nothing but a change in their relationship—a divorce.
4) ―(I) had been absolutely faithful to Hadley‖ and ―the girl with whom I was in love was in America‖ show that it‘s not strange that the author ―had not heard from the girl for two months.‖5) From the context, we can see, though both Hemingway and the girl fell in love with each other, they didn‘t want to hurt Hadley. The girl meant that they should not ―think of‖ each other, but should think of Hadley.
6) ―but I know that it is easy to wish people in Hell when you know nothing of them‖ and ―I have seen, suffered, and been through enough so that I do not wish anyone in _____‖ show it should be ―I do not wish anyone in hell‖. Hemingway said he didn‘t hate anybody.
7) From the context, we see we should fill in a word which is a synonym of the word ―shame‖, and ―disgrace‖ is similar to ―shame‖.
8) ―We have not seen much of each other for a long time‖ and ―our lives have been going on‖ describe events that happen at the same time, so we use the set phrase ―in the meantime‖.
9) When he found he had fallen in love with the girl, and since he didn‘t want to hurt his wife, Hemingway was in great pain.
10) The word in the blank should be absolute and stronger than ―very difficult‖. This word is ―impossible‖.
3. Translating
Translate the following passage into English.
得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打人冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃、为世人所遗的悲愤袭上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
Before I fell ill, as my parents had doted on me excessively, I had lorded it at home, doing whatever I wished. Thus, when I was confined in isolation to a cabin in the garden hillside, I suddenly could not help feeling that I was left out in the cold, and I kept thinking sadly that I was totally neglected. One spring evening, my parents were holding a dinner party in the garden, where hundreds of flowers were bursting into full bloom. A great many guests were gathering there, laughing and talking merrily. Secretly drawing the window curtain apart, I witnessed a vast hustling world out there in the garden, and saw all my brothers, sisters and cousins mingling together with the grownups. They were all full of joy and happiness. In an instant, I was so overwhelmed by the grief and indignation at being forsaken by the world that I burst out crying bitterly.
Chinese V ersion of the Text
厄尼斯特·海明威致母亲
亲爱的母亲：
1 十分感谢您给我寄来马歇尔·菲尔德展览会的目录，以及您在其中展出的油画《铁匠铺》的复制品。这幅画太棒了，我真想看一看原作。
2 您来信谈及《太阳》什么的这本书，我没有回信，因为我忍不住发脾气，而且写发脾气的信是件蠢事；尤其是给母亲写这样的信，就不仅仅是蠢了。您不喜欢这本书不足为怪，您看了让您感到痛苦和厌恶的书，我也很遗憾。
3 另一方面，我也许没能准确地刻画我所写的人物，或者没能把他们栩栩如生地展现在读者面前，除此之外我一点儿也不为这本书感到惭愧。这本书肯定令人不快。但也并非全都令人不快，而且肯定并不比我们奥克帕克村最体面的人家真正的私生活更令人不快。您一定记得，这样一部书将人们生活中所有最坏的一面都写出来了，而人们家里，既有公众看得到的美好的一面，也有我曾经观察到的那一类关起门来干的勾当。此外，您是一位艺术家，明白人们不应逼作家为所选的题材辩护，而应当评论他如何处理这一题材。我所写的人物肯定是没精神、脑袋空、醉醺醺——这正是我试图表现的。我只为这本书在某些方面没能表达出我真正希望展示给读者的一切而感到惭愧。我来日方长，还可以写其他的书，题材也不会总是相同的——除了（我希望）写的都是人这一点相同之外。
4 范妮·布彻小姐并非高明的评论家，如果她赞扬这本书，我倒会觉得傻眼了。如果在她的指导下的读书俱乐部的那些淑女们一致认为我为了最卑劣的目的而滥用天才等等, 那么这些淑女们就是在谈论她们一窍不通的东西，而且蠢话连篇。
5 至于哈德利、邦比和我自己——虽然哈德利和我已有一段时间没有住在同一所房子里了（我们从去年九月份开始分居，到如今哈德利也许已经和我离婚了），但我们仍然非常友好。她和邦比都很好，身体健康、生活愉快。而且按照我的要求，《太阳照常升起》这部书的所有利润和版税都从美国和英国直接寄给哈德利。根据我1月份看到的最新广告，这部书已经第五次印刷了（15000册），而且仍然热销。这部书春季在英国以《节日》为题出版发行。哈德利也将于春天回美国，所以您能看到邦比得到《太阳照常升起》的利润。虽然版税已经达到几千美元，但我一分钱都没拿，仍然每餐喝我平时喝的葡萄酒或啤酒，一直过着僧侣般的生活，并尽我所能写出好的作品。对于什么是最好的作品，我们有不同的见解——有这种分歧是很自然的——但是如果您让范妮·布彻这种人告诉您我在迎合人们的声色口腹之乐，等等，等等，那么您就上了大当了。《名利场》、《大千世界》等刊物来信向我约稿，要求我写一些短篇小说、文章、连载，但我最近六个月或者可以说这一年都没有发表作品（只是在去年年底为斯克里布纳杂志写过几个短篇小说，有一篇幽默的小文章已刊登出来），因为我知道，对我来说，现在是非常关键的时候，安安静静地写作，尽可能写好，不瞄着市场，也不去想写出来的东西带来的是毁是誉，甚至也不去想能否出版。这远比掉进摆布美国作家们的赚钱陷阱——就像玉米脱壳机摆布我那著名的亲戚的大拇指一样——重要得多。
6 我之所以写这样一封信给二老，是因为我知道你们一直都很担心我，而我为引起你们担心而深感内疚。但你们不必如此——因为，尽管我的生活可能遭受种种破坏，但我将永远为我所爱的人们去做我所能做到的一切（我不经常给家里写信，是因为没有时间，也因为觉得写信很难，因此只写那些不得不写的信——而且，我的那些真正的朋友都知道不管我是否给他们写信，我都一如既往地喜爱他们）；知道我从来不酗酒，也不经常喝酒（你们会听到某些传闻说我酗酒——人们总是把任何一个描写酒徒的作家冠以酗酒的恶名）；知道我所想要的是安宁和写作的机会。也许你们从未喜欢过我的任何作品——也许以后你们会突然非常喜欢某部作品。但你们一定要相信，我真诚地对待我所写的一切。爸一直非常慈爱，而您，母亲，您非常严厉，我完全理解——这是因为您觉得把我从您认为是灾难性的歧途上拉回来是
您的责任。
7 因此，我们也许可以丢下这事别管了。我肯定，在我的生活道路上，您如果相信一切道听途说，将会发现许多理由让您觉得我丢了您的脸。但另一方面，您如果能以一点慈爱作为一针麻醉剂，也许能忍受我那表面上的声名狼藉，最终发现，我丝毫都没有丢您的脸。
8 无论怎样，向二老致以最真心的爱。
厄尼
于格斯塔德
1927年2月5日
Part 2 Tool-sharpening
Words and Phrases
Exercises
1. Multiple-choice Questions
1) His Belgian servant sold a grey horse, very like the one which Jos rode, at V alenciennes ______B______ during the autumn of 1815.
A. some time
B. sometime
C. sometimes
D. at sometime
2) His stepfather was an alcoholic who could _____D_____ abusive.
A. come
B. go
C. fall
D. turn
3) Owen‘s poetic _______B______, the horror and pity of war, is set forth in strong verse that transfigured traditional meters and diction.
A. subject
B. theme
C. topic
D. idea
4) The stronger the economy of a country, the ______C____ its currency.
A. faster
B. steadier
C. stabler
D. securer
5) He has been invited to one of them to fill a _____C_____ place.
A. hollow
B. empty
C. vacant
D. emptied
6) Then she came and _____B______ me another precious gift: the letter my mother had written on her birthday to her friend, three weeks after my father‘s death.
A. sent
B. gave
C. delivered
D. presented
7) My mother left me the wedding ring she gave my father, a few moving stories, and the _____D_____ knowledge that she was loving me for him too.
A. certain
B. positive
C. doubtless
D. sure
8) She had never exchanged a single word with Mr. Crisp, ______A______ under her own eyes on the two occasions when she had met him at tea.
A. except
B. only
C. merely
D. just
9) He was at a loss _______A______ what to say on such occasions.
A. as to
B. as for
C. as regards
D. with regard to
10) He agreed to pay two guineas a week so readily, that the landlady ____B____ she had asked him so little.
A. sorry
B. regretted
C. repented
D. complained
3. Translation (with the words or phrases in parentheses)
1. 他把客人送到火车站之后, 又把电脑送到买主家。(see, deliver)
After he had seen the guest to the railway station, he went to deliver the computer to the buyer. 2. 我们一直为卖掉这个农场而后悔不已。(regret)
We’ve always deeply regretted selling the farm.
3. 她来到台上时，观众真正活跃起来，最后人人似乎都发疯了。(come, go)