第五章读取和操作网格
fluent可以到如很多不同类型的网格,你可以通过改变节点的坐标系统或者缩放坐标系统来修改节点；分割单元用于并行运算；对求解域的单元重新组合，降低bandwidth；缝合和分割区域；你也可以获得网格的诊断信息，如：使用的内存，拓扑信息，求解域的信息。你可以看到网格中的节点，面，单元的数量，求解域的最小最大单元体积，检查每个单元的恰当节点和面的数量。
1.网格拓扑
fluent是一个非结构网格求解器，fluent接受悬节点（例如，在边上或者面上的节点可以不是单元共享的边或者面上的点），也接受non－conformal边界
2.如何选择合适的网格
需要考虑下面三个问题：
1）时间
对于实际的工程流动问题，往往几何形状复杂，用结构化网格或者block－structured网格（只包含四边形或者六面体），会耗费很大的时间，而采用非结构化网格（三角形和四面体）将是对复杂几何形状进行几何划分的主要方式。
2）计算花费
3）
3.Grid requirements and consideration
1）Grid requirement
你应该要知道下面的geometry setup和grid construction：
轴对称图形的旋转轴必须定义为是卡式坐标的x轴
周期性边界，周期性区域必须要有相同的网格，gambit和Tgrid可以产生真实的周期性边界
2）网格质量
网格质量在求解的精确性和稳定性方面起着重要的作用，网格质量与节点密度，光滑度，和斜度有关！
4.网格导入
1）Gambit grid files
2）Reading multiple mesh files
在有些情况下，你需要读入多个网格文件构成你的计算域，例如：你要求解一个多块网格，那么你可以先生成各个单独的网格，存储成独立的文件；对于复杂的几何形状，对各个部分先生成网格是很有效的。
你没有必要保证两个独立的网格在交界边界上的节点位置相同，因为fluent能够处理non－conformal网格界面
过程：
产生整个求解域每个cell zone或者block或者part的网格文件
使用Tgrid或者tmerge filter把这些网格文件组合成一个网格文件,Tgrid比较方便点.
把组合好的网格文件读入到求解器中
To use TGrid, follow the procedure below:
(a) Read all of the grid files into TGrid. When TGrid reads the grid
files, it will automatically merge them into a single grid. (同时
选定,一起读入)
(b) Save the merged grid file
5. non －conformal grid
Fluent 的网格中可以由包含non －conformal 边界的区域组成，即：在两个子域相接的边界上不需要节点位置在同一处。如图所示
Fluent 处理这种网格时,采用的技术是于滑移网格模型中用到的一样,尽管这里的网格没有移动.
1） Non-Conformal Grid Calculations
先计算接触面的交集(intersection),所产生的交集形成一个内部区域(interior zone); 如图所示
两个interface 不相交的部分,fluent 自动生成wall zone. Principally, fluxes across the grid interface are computed using the faces resulting from the intersection of the two interface zones, rather than from the interface zone faces themselves. 2）
Requirements and Limitations of Non-Conformal Grids ? 网格的interface 可以是任何形状(包括三维中的曲面),只要两个interface 边界的几何形状相同就可以了.
? A face zone cannot share a non-conformal interface with more than one other face zone
? If you create a single grid with multiple cell zones separated by a
non-conformal boundary, you must be sure that each cell zone has a distinct face zone on the non-conformal boundary
? All periodic zones must be correctly oriented (either rotational or translational) before you create the non-conformal interface. Periodic
non-conformal interfaces must overlap exactly; i.e., they need to have the same rotational or translational extent and, in addition, have the same axial extent
?
For 3D cases, if the interface is periodic, only one pair of periodic boundaries can neighbor the interface
3） Using a non －conformal grid in fluent
读入网格文件,如果你有多个网格文件,那么先merge
改变组成non-conformal 边界每对区域的类型为interface
定义non-conformal 网格interface
!! If one of your interface zones is much smaller than the other, you
should
specify the smaller zone as Interface Zone 1to improve the accuracy of the intersection calculation
如果需要的话,设置interface 类型
生成grid interface
6.Checking the grid
检查的信息包括Domain Extents，Volume statistics，
外贸英语函电的写作格式常用范文 外贸函电涉及到的知识很广泛，那么外贸函电的英语写作格式需要注意哪些问题呢，接下来为大家整理了外贸英语函电的写作格式，希望对你有帮助哦! 1.请求建立商业关系 Rogers Chemical Supply Co. 10E.22Street Omaha8,Neb Gentlemen: We have obtained your name and address from Aristo Shoes, Milan , and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, We are interested in extending our, range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.If your prices are competitive we would expect to transact a significant volume of business. We look forward to your early reply. Very truly yours 自米兰职权里斯托鞋类公司取得贵公司和地址，特此修函，祈能发展关系。多年来，本公司经营鞋类进口生意，现欲扩展业务范围。盼能惠赐商品目录和报价表。如价格公道，本公司必大额订购。烦请早日赐复。此致 2.回复对方建立商业关系的请求 Thank your for your letter of the 16th of this month. We
商务英语邮件写作范文3篇 商务英语邮件写作范文3篇 在国际商务业务中，一封得体的信函如同商务中得体的着装，从外可以看到内，规范、优美的书信语言能够有效增进客户。下面是我 为你带来的商务英语邮件写作范文，欢迎参阅。 商务英语邮件写作范文1 复函与报价 RepliesandQuotations 20xx-08-26 Maer S.A 24th November 20## Foshan Seethome Installations Ltd. 2 Xiue Street Foshan, Guangdong China Dear sirs, In repl to our letter of 21st Novermber, We have pleasure in enlosing a detailed ation for bathroom shoers. Besides those advertised in the Builers Joural , our illustrated atalogue also enolsed shos various tpes of bathroom fittings and the sizes available. Most tpes an be supplied from stok. 45-60 das should be alloed for deliver of those marked ith an asterisk.
Building ontrators in Hong Kong and Taian have found our equipment eas to install and attrative in apperane. Naturall all parts are replXXble. and our ation inludes pries of spare parts. We an allo a 2% disount on all orders of US$6,000 in value and overf, and a 3%on orders exeeding US$20,000. An orders ou plae ith us ill be proessed promptl. ours faithfull. Franeso Marani Sales Manager Enl.2 Via S.Lorenzo, 24a Castellon Spain Tel： 560001 Fax 560002 商务英语邮件写作范文2 询价Inquiries atha Business Mahines Import Export Corporation 201X Centur Boulevard Pudong, Shanghai 201X06, China Tel： 59000001 September 5, 20** Universal Softare, In. 2468 Oak Street San Franiso CA94105
六大类英文商务书信范文 1、请求建立商业关系 Rogers Chemical Supply Co. 10E.22Street Omaha8,Neb Gentlemen: We have obtained your name and address from Aristo Shoes, Milan , and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, We are interested in extending our, range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.If your prices are competitive we would expect to transact a significant volume of business. We look forward to your early reply. Very truly yours 自米兰职权里斯托鞋类公司取得贵公司和地址，特此修函，祈能发展关系。多年来，本公司经营鞋类进口生意，现欲扩展业务范围。盼能惠赐商品目录和报价表。如价格公道，本公司必大额订购。烦请早日赐复。此致 2、回复对方建立商业关系的请求 Thank your for your letter of the 16th of this month. We shall be glad to enter into business relations with your company. In compliance with your request, we are sending you, under separate cover, our latest catalogue and price list covering our export range. Payment should be made by irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit. Should you wish to place an order, please telex or fax us. 本月16日收到有关商务关系的来函，不胜欣喜。谨遵要求另函奉上最新之出口商品目录和报价单。款项烦请以不可撤销保兑之信用状支付。如欲订货，请电传或传真为盼。此致敬礼 3、请求担任独家代理 We would like to inform you that we act on a sole agency basis fora number of manufacturers. We specialize in finished cotton goods for the Middle eastern market: Our activities cover all types of household linen. Until now , we have been working with your textiles department and our collaboration has proved to be mutually beneficial. Please refer to them for any information regarding our company. We are very interested in an exclusive arrangement with your factoryfor the promotion of your products in Bahrain. We look forward to your early reply. ` 本公司担任多家厂家的独家代理，专营精制棉织品，包括各灯家用亚麻制品，行销中东。与贵公司向有业务联系，互利互作。贵公司纺织部亦十分了解有关业务合作之情况。盼望能成为贵公司独家代理，促销在巴林市场的货品。上述建议，烦请早日赐复，以便进一步联系合作。此致敬礼 4、拒绝对方担任独家代理 Thank you for your letter of 1 September suggesting that we grant you a sole agency for our household linens. I regret to say that, at this stage ,such an arrangement would berather premature. We would, however, be willing to engage in a trial collaboration with you company to see how the arrangement works. It would be necessary for you to test the market for our productsat you end. You would also have to build up a much larger turnover tojustify a sole agency. We enclose price lists covering all the products you are interested in and look forward to hearing from you soon 9月1日有关建议担任家用亚麻制品独家代理的来信收悉。谨致衷心谢意。目前时机尚未成熟，不能应允该安排深感抱歉。然而，本公司乐意与贵公司先试行合作，为今后合作打下基础。为证明担任独家代理的能力，贵公司宜上述货品作市场调查，研究是否可扩大现有之营业额。奉上该货品之报价单，敬希查照。专此候复。此致敬礼 5、同意对方担任独家代理 Thank you for your letter of 12 April proposing a sole agency for our office machines. We have examined our long and ,I must say ,mutually beneficial collaboration. We would be very pleased to entrust you with the sole agency for Bahrain. From our records, we are pleased to note that you have two service engineers who took
通知与确认商务英语信函写作 一、通知对方收到来信的确认函 1. dear mr/mrs, thank you for your letter no. a-3 of 6th may, offering us 6 ui-4 viewdatas. we have passed it on to our technical department for their consideration. we shall reply as soon as possible. yours faithfully 尊敬的先生/小姐， 谢谢您五月六日标号为a-3的来信，该信向我们提供6 ui-4图像数据。我们已把该信转给了技术部，备他们考虑。 我们将尽快回信 你诚挚的 2. dear mr/mrs, we have today received with thanks information concerning transactions onthe new york wheat exchange which will be made full use of by our researchdepartment. we look forward to further cooperation with you. yours faithfully 尊敬的先生/小姐， 我们今天收到了有关纽约小麦交易所的业务信息，非常感谢，我们的研究部门将充分利用这些信息。
期待与你进一步合作。 你诚挚的 二、确认达成的协议 confirming agreements reached 3. dear mr/mrs, last friday, when we were discussing the problems of defectivecontainers.you suggested that i simply mail you a report each month on thenumber of return by customers rather than send the defective containers to you. i plan to put this into effect at once. but, i first wantto make sure that i understand you correctly. if i don’thear from you within the coming week, i’ll assume that youapprove. yours faithfully 尊敬的先生/小姐， 上周五，我们讨论了次品集装箱的问题，你建议我只需把顾客每月退回的次品集装箱 的数量写个报告给你，而不是直接退集装箱。 我计划立即付诸现实。但我想确认我理解正确，到下周为止，如我不能收到你的来信，我即认为你没有异议。 你诚挚的 4. dear mr/mrs, we write to confirm our agreement reached during ourconversation on 9th june about special discountson m-s acoustical partitions as describedon page 8of our catalogue. these prices will prevail through30 june.partition regular price special
Dear Sirs, We have obtained your address from the Commercial Counsellor ofyour Embassy in London and are now writing you for theestablishment of business relations. We are very well connected with all the major dealers here oflight industrial products, and feel sure we can sell largequantities of Chinese goods if we get your offers at competitiveprices. As to our standing, we are permitted to mention the Bank ofEngland, London, as a reference. Please let us have all necessary information regarding yourproducts for export. Yours faithfully。 求商务函电还盘函翻译。1.5月21日来信收到，得知贵方对我们的文具很感兴趣，但以为我方4月30日的价格偏高，无法成交。 2. 我们的报价已被贵地其他客户所接受，已有大批成交而且询价单滔滔而至，我方无奈下降报价。 3. 希望贵方从新考虑，早日来传真告知。 counter offer thank you for your e-mail of May 21.we learn that you areinterested in our school tools ,but you cann't accept our higherprice of Api.30. our quotation has been accepted by other clients ,a greet oforders have been bargained and large enquiries are pouring in ourcompany.so we cann't cut down our price. please think better of above,we are looking forward to your earlyfax. 求商务函电翻译 1.潜在的客户the potential customers 2.粗暴搬运rough handling 3.经营范围scope of business 4.中性包装neutral packing 5.样品本samples 6.分批装运partial shipment
商务英语大学生求职信范 文
求职信与普通的信函没有多少区别，又有所不同于普通的信函，也不是那些公事公办的公文函。 商务英语大学生求职信范文篇一 尊敬的领导： 您好!感谢您在百忙之中抽空审阅我的求职信!以下是我的个人简单介绍。 我叫xx，是xx大学xx学院国际商务英语专业的一名应届毕业生，即将面临毕业。我满怀憧憬和期待，愿坦诚地向贵公司自荐，并将我的材料呈上，敬请审阅。 我毕业于一所古老的学校，大学四年的生活短暂而充实，一千来个日日夜夜，我荡起智慧之舟，迎朝阳，送落霞，遨游于知识的海洋。我明白，现代社会，机遇与挑战并存，我懂得，勤奋刻苦的学习态度，踏实肯干的工作作风，团队合作的处世原则，开拓进取，超越自我，力争成为一名有创新精神，积极开放的复合型人才。 大学生活是我人生中作重要的一个阶段，是我探索人生，实践真值，超然智慧，走向更加成熟的过程。在这期间我学习了如计算机、法律基础、马克思政治经济等公共课程，精读、口语、听力、写作、翻译、日语、心理学等专业课程，还学习了数学文化、经济管理基础、逻辑思维与方式、西方哲学智慧与自然辩证法等选修课程，懂得了人生的意义，以及人生的价值。 我立志做一个新时代的优秀大学生，我不仅有扎实的理论基础，而且有一定的实际操作能力以及吃苦耐劳团队合作精神。出生于农村家庭使我具备了勤奋、吃苦、务实、向上的精神和作风。农村生活铸就了我淳朴、诚实、善良的性格，培养了我不怕困难挫折，不服输的奋斗精神。 大学期间，我在完善自己的知识结构，提高自己的综合素质的同时还积极参加体育锻炼，原本不喜欢跑步的我，逐渐爱上跑步，每天都要跑上5千米。一直都以为跑不完的操场，在现在看来也没有很长。 在校外的实践中，理论知识联系实际，检验自己所学的知识的同时，使自己具备了较强的分析和解决问题的能力。自信和执着是我的原则，沉着和乐观是我处事的态度，爱好广泛使我更加充实。面临择业，我对社会和自己都充满信心，渴望得到社会的认可，如果有个机会可以让我发挥自己的聪明才智，我必将奉献
八大类商务英语信函写作 八大类商务英语信函写作模板 商务英语信函八大类写作模板，包括投诉信函、咨询信函、请求帮助信函、道歉信函、函、建议信、求职信和邀请信八类。 Dear_______, I am ______ () .I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a plaint about_____. The reason for my dissatisfaction is _______(总体介绍). In the first place,_______(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ___________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ________ (感觉)_______(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果). I appreciate it very much if you could _______(提出建议和请求), preferably ______(进一步的要求),and I would like to have this matter settled by ____(设定解决事情最后期限). Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely Li Ming Dear ______, I am ____________ (自我介绍). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_______.(要询问的内容) First of all, what are ____________________?(第一个问题) Secondly, when will___________________?(第二个问题) Thirdly, is __________?(第三个问题) I would also like to inquire ________(将最重要的问题单独成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects? Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.
12种商务英语信函范文 第一种、介绍信Letters of Introduction 实例之一： Dear Mr. / Ms., This is to introduce Mr. Frank Jones, our new marketing specialist who will be in London from April 5 to mid April on business. We shall appreciate any help you can give Mr. Jones and will always be happy to reciprocate. Yours faithfully 尊敬的先生/小姐， 现向您推荐我们的市场专家弗兰克·琼斯先生。他将因公务在四月15日到四月中旬期间停留伦敦。 我们将非常感谢您向琼斯先生提供的任何帮助，并非常高兴施以回报。 您诚挚的 实例之二： Dear Mr. / Ms, We are pleased to introduce Mr. Wang You, our import manager of Textiles Department. Mr. Wang is spending three weeks in your city to develop our business with chief manufactures and to make purchases of decorative fabrics for the coming season. We shall be most grateful if you will introduce him to reliable manufacturers and give him any help or advice he may need. Yours faithfully 尊敬的先生/小姐， 我们非常高兴向您介绍我们纺织部的进口经理王有先生。王先生将在你市度过三周，他要与主要的生产厂家拓展商务并为下一季度采购装饰织品。 如能介绍他给可靠的生产厂家，向他提供所需的任何帮助或建议，我们将不胜感谢。 您诚挚的 第二种、约定Appointments 实例之一： Dear Mr./Ms, Mr. John Green, our General Manager, will be in Paris from June 2 to 7 and would like to come and see you, say, on June 3 at 2.00 p.m. about the opening of a sample room there.Please let us know if the time is convenient for you. If not, what time you would suggest. Yours faithfully,
1, A Generak Enquiry Dear Sirs, We are interested in importing Cotton Underwear and Iron-Free Garments in popular demands you advertised in the Chinese Export Commodity Fair Bullletin,June 2008. We would like you to send us details of the above products including sizes,colours and samples of the different styles. As expected, the quantity of our order to be placed will be very large.Since the season is coming very soon,prompt delivery is absolutely necessary. When quoting,please state terms of payment and discount you would allow on the purchase of not less than two thousand dozen. Please rest assured that should your prices be competitive we will place our orders with you. Your early reply to this enquiry is requested. Yours faithfully, 2, An Offer for Ladies’ Nylon Stockings Dear Cathy, Ladies’Nylon Stockings We very much apprecite your enquiry of August 11,against which we are making you the following offer:
DearSirs, WehaveobtainedyouraddressfromtheCommercialCounsellorofyourEmbassyinLondonandarenowwr itingyoufortheestablishmentofbusinessrelations. Weareverywellconnectedwithallthemajordealershereoflightindustrialproducts,andfeelsur ewecanselllargequantitiesofChinesegoodsifwegetyouroffersatcompetitiveprices. Astoourstanding,wearepermittedtomentiontheBankofEngland,London,asareference. Pleaseletushaveallnecessaryinformationregardingyourproductsforexport. Yoursfaithfully。 求商务函电还盘函翻译。1.5月21日来信收到，得知贵方对我们的文具很感兴趣，但以为我方4月30日的价格偏高，无法成交。 2.我们的报价已被贵地其他客户所接受，已有大批成交而且询价单滔滔而至，我方无奈下降报价。 3.希望贵方从新考虑，早日来传真告知。 counteroffer thankyouforyoure-mailofMay21.welearnthatyouareinterestedinourschooltools,butyoucann' tacceptourhigherpriceofApi.30. ourquotationhasbeenacceptedbyotherclients,agreetofordershavebeenbargainedandlargeenq uiriesarepouringinourcompany.sowecann'tcutdownourprice. pleasethinkbetterofabove,wearelookingforwardtoyourearlyfax. 求商务函电翻译 1.潜在的客户thepotentialcustomers
商务英语信函范文--介绍信 实例之一： Dear Mr. / Ms., This is to introduce Mr. Frank Jones, our new marketing specialist who will be in London from April 5 to mid April on business. We shall appreciate any help you can give Mr. Jones and will always be happy to reciprocate. Yours faithfully 尊敬的先生/小姐， 现向您推荐我们的市场专家弗兰克·琼斯先生。他将因公务在四月15日到四月中旬期间停留伦敦。 我们将非常感谢您向琼斯先生提供的任何帮助，并非常高兴施以回报。 您诚挚的 实例之二： Dear Mr. / Ms, We are pleased to introduce Mr. Wang You, our import manager of Textiles Department. Mr. Wang is spending three weeks in your city to develop our business with chief manufactures and to make purchases of decorative fabrics for the coming season. We shall be most grateful if you will introduce him to reliable manufacturers and give him any help or advice he may need. Yours faithfully 尊敬的先生/小姐， 我们非常高兴向您介绍我们纺织部的进口经理王有先生。王先生将在你市度过三周，他要与主要的生产厂家拓展商务并为下一季度采购装饰织品。 如能介绍他给可靠的生产厂家，向他提供所需的任何帮助或建议，我们将不胜感谢。 您诚挚的 商务英语信函范文--约定 实例之一： Dear Mr./Ms, Mr. John Green, our General Manager, will be in Paris from June 2 to 7 and would like to come and see you, say, on June 3 at 2.00 p.m. about the opening of a sample room there.Please let us know if the time is convenient for
交易的第一步 1. 向顾客推销商品 Dear Sir: May 1, 2001 Inquiries regarding our new product, the Deer Mountain Bike, have been coming in from all parts of the world. Reports from users confirm what we knew before it was put on the market - that it is the best mountain bike available. Enclosed is our brochure. Yours faithfully 2. 提出询价 Dear Sir: Jun.1, 2001 We received your promotional letter and brochure today. We believe that your would do well here in the U.S.A. Kindly send us further details of your prices and terms of sale. We ask you to make every effort to quote at competitive prices in order to secure our business. We look forward to hearing from you soon.. Truly 3. 迅速提供报价 Dear Sir: June 4, 2001 Thank you for your inquiry of June the 1st concerning the Deer Mountain Bike. It gives us great pleasure to send along the technical information on the model together with the catalog and price list. After studying the prices and terms of trade, you will understand why we are working to capacity to meet the demand. We look forward to the opportunity of being of service of you. 交易的契机 4. 如何讨价还价 Dear Sir: June 8, 2001 We have received your price lists and have studied it carefully. However, the price level in your quotation is too high for this market, If you are prepared to grant us a discount of 10% for a quantity of 200, we would agree to your offer. You should note that some price cut will justify itself by an increase in business. We hope to hear from you soon. Yours truly 5-1 同意进口商的还价 Dear Sirs: June 12, 2001 Thank you for your letter of June the 8th. We have accepted your offer on the terms suggested. Enclosed our will find a special price list that we believe will meet your ideas of prices. You should note that the recent advances in raw materials have affected the cost of this product unfavorably. However, for your order we have kept our prices down. Sincerely 5-2 拒绝进口商的还价 Dear Sirs: June 12, 2001
英文商务信函写作格式 英文信函分为混合式和齐头式。 混合式：每一段的首行缩进两格。落款在信末中间靠右下的位置。 齐头式：信的所有内容都靠左，段与段之间空一行。 英文信函的习惯用法，由以下几个方面组成： (1)信头The heading 信头是指信纸上印刷或打印的企业名称、厂称、地址、电话号码、电报挂号、主管人姓名等。通常情况下，公司都会专门印制带有信头的信笺纸，包括发信人的姓名，地址，电话，传真等。当我们撰写传统信件时，直接使用这种信笺纸就可以。 (2)编号和日期The reference number and the date 方便以后查信使用。Your ref: （你方编号） Our ref: （我方编号） 日期通常打印在信头的右下方位置，或在寄信人姓名和地址的下方位置。日期的英式写法是日、月、年；美式写法是月、日、年。为了避免误解，日期、年份用数字表示，月份则用英文表示，第一个字母要大写，也可用缩写。比如May，1998(美式写法)；1，May，1998(英式写法)。 (3)信内地址The inside address 与信封上的收信人名称和地址相同，通常打印在信纸的左侧，低于日期位置2—4行，也可在签字位置下2—4行。 书写收信单位名称时，应特别尊重对方的习惯，不能随意增删公司名称前的冠词The，也不能随意改用繁写及缩写，如Company与Co.之间不能互换，否则会被认为是不礼貌的行为。收信人地处的书写格式与信封相同。 (4)称谓The salutation 在英文信函中，相同于“阁下”、“先生”等类礼貌性称谓，常用Dear sirs”；称呼企业，公司的妇女组织常用Madams，Ladies；无具体收信人姓名用Dear Sir or Madam 称呼收信者。 收信人是个人，就应在收信人姓名之前加称谓，如Mr.(先生)，Mrs.(夫人)，Miss(小姐)，Hon(用于称呼市长、部长、大使等)，Pres.(总经理、会长、总统等)，Prof.(教授)等等。 (5)开头语The open sentences 开头语没有统一的格式，但习惯上先用客套的语句把收到对方来信的日期，主题及简单内容加以综合叙述，使对方一目了然这是答复哪一封去信的。如果是第一次通信，也可以利用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明目的要求。开头语一般与正文分开，自成一节，要求简单明了。
英文商务信函范文 篇一：商务信函英文范例 Dear , This is a response to your request for an explanation of slow payment on our company. The payment is question was due on April 30 and mad on May 1; both of us were out of the country. Neither of us was present when the bill arrived, andin the backlog of work that had accumulated on our return, this bill was overlooked. This, of course, was regrettable, but I ask that you take note of the following: 1. The payment was indeed late, but was made only 4days beyond the thirty day limit. 2. We have done business with you for 8 years, and this is the only instance of a late
payment. I trust this addresses your concerns. Please call me if you have any further questions or need additional information. Sincerely yours, Dear , Our representative, , has informed me that you are interested in our range of word processing equipment. I am enclosing our current catalogue. In particular, I would draw your attention to model SLX34. Should you require a demonstration of this or any other of our products, we will be pleased to send one of our representatives to visit you when we could discuss your exact requirements. I hope that you will not hesitate to contact me again of you require any further information, or if you wish to arrange a convenient time for a demonstration of