指导文件5：
毕业设计（论文）开题报告
计算机科学与信息工程系（院）2008届
题目（中文）超市管理系统
（英文）Supermarket management system
课题类型系统开发课题来源自选
学生姓名专业班级
指导教师职称
填写日期：2008 年3月27日
说明：1、该表每生一份，系（院）妥善存档；
2、课题来源填：“自选”或“教师指定”或“其它”，课题类型填：“理论研究”或“应用研究”或
“技术开发”或“实验设计”或“其它”。
附件：
毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献翻译计算机科学与信息工程系（院）届
题目（中文）超市信息管理系统
（英文）Supermarket Information management system 学生姓名专业班
完成日期：2008 年03月27 日
目录Introduction
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 social background
1.2 supermarket Background
Feasibility study on the second chapter
2.1 The technical feasibility study
2.2 economic feasibility study
2.3 feasibility study on the operation of
Chapter III System Requirements Analysis
3.1 users workflow
3.2 users business needs
Chapter IV System Design Overview
4.1 Design thinking
4.2 Design Principle
4.3 business process analysis
4.4 Data Flow Analysis
4.5 Data Dictionary
4.6 Functional Requirement
4.7 Performance Requirements
4.8 operating needs
T WO Construction Management Information System 摘要
第一章绪论
1.1社会背景
1.2超市背景
第二章系统可行性研究
2.1 技术可行性研究
2.2 经济可行性研究
2.3 操作可行性研究
第三章系统需求分析
3.1 用户工作流程
3.2 用户业务需求
第四章系统概要设计
4.1 设计思想
4.2 设计原则
4.3 业务流程分析
4.4 系统数据流分析
4.5 数据字典
4.6 功能需求
4.7 性能需求
4.8 运行需求
Abstract
In d on the main supermarket management, including stock management, cashier management, inventory management and staff management 4 aspects. System can be completed on the various types of information here, query, add, delete, modify functions. System is the core of marketing, inventory management and receiving for the links between, each table will be linked to amend the impact of other forms Upon the completionthe information age today, the effectiveness of the computer is already known, particularly in the supermarket cash register system is inseparable from the computer, the system complete of the sale or purchase operation, the system will automatically complete the corresponding information changes. Query system is the core of the system based mainly in the number and title of goods, such as query, the purpose is to facilitate users, in order to find faster to the various materials and the basic product quality information. System integrity of the users to add, delete and modify password function, the system used in Microsoft Office Access 2000 to design databases, and use the current good development tools - VB 6.0, it has the most flexible structure of the database, the database applications are good support. This paper introduces the topic of development background, to be completed by the function and development of the process. Focus on the design of the system the focus of design ideas, technical difficulties and solutions.
Key words: Supermarket Management Information System
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 social background
With modern science and technology in the rapid development of computer technology has infiltrated brother areas, as an essential tool for all sectors, in particular the promotion of Internet technology and the establishment of the information superhighway, so that the IT industry more competitive in the market showed its unique advantages, entered the era of information, and has a huge waiting for the data processing and transmission, which makes the database on the further development and use of it is particularly urgent.
Some of the domestic market as small and medium-sized supermarkets, and their information in the course of the pace to lag behind the large and medium-sized supermarkets, and for these enterprises resource management, storage and processing of information was also an urgent need to adapt to the market competition, it needs to be efficient handling and management methods, and speed up the information supermarkets will be able to process less.
Attachment period, we have adopted in the market survey, for the small and medium-sized supermarkets now on the business and personnel management of the actual needs of the development of this supermarket management system. In the development process, we focused on the current management of the supermarket characteristics and the actual level of technical staff, based on the Windows graphical user interface easy to learn and use of this operating environment, in the system design process, we as a people easy accessibility Machine Interface, allowing users to fully grasp in the short term. We also always give top priority to the accuracy of the system, data integrity and to deal with the validity. On the basis of this optimization code, to speed up the system operation and reduce the system resources of the occupier.
1.2 supermarket background
Supermarkets in China formed in the 20th century, the early 1990s, China has now become an important form of the retail industry for the development of the national economy has played an important role. With the high-speed development of supermarkets, its management has become increasingly complex, early in the form of salespersons Zhanguisi already unable to meet existing sales development, and that the urgent need to introduce new management techniques.
Supermarket patterns provide a number of advantages, but in the current situation, it still exists retail companies have been behind the side, such as: You can not effectively manage every commodity, clearing receivables slow, error prone business, it is not appropriate for commodity price adjustment , inventory and low efficiency, but also in day-to-day management of supermarket goods the import and sales of such decision-making to experience mainly, the lack of real-time analysis capabilities, management personnel, the timely transmission of information are not always meet the requirements. Su Che supermarket forms of high-speed development, and its management has become increasingly complex, the need to deal with the day-to-day data also gradually increasing, commercial operation of the intermediate links more and more, the original artificial management has been unable to cope with this complex market . Therefore, in the choice process, I chose the topic of supermarket management system design, relying on the modernization of the computer information processing technology to manage the supermarket, thus saving a large amount of manpower, resources, and improve the working conditions of staff, reduce the labor intensity, Commodities and quickly reflect the import and sales of all kinds of situations, such as the feedback information and analysis so that the management staff of the rapid market changes to make the corresponding decisions, speed up the supermarket business management efficiency. In the information age today, the effectiveness of the computer is already known, particularly in the supermarket cash register system is inseparable from the computer, the system completed on the main supermarket management, including stock management, cashier management, inventory management and staff management 4 aspects. System can be completed on the various types of information here, query, add, delete, modify functions. System is the core of marketing, inventory management and receiving for the links between, each table will be linked to amend the impact of other forms Upon the completion of the sale or purchase operation, the system will automatically complete the corresponding information changes. Query system is the core of the system based mainly in the number and title of goods, such as query, the purpose is to facilitate users, in order to find faster to the various materials and the basic product quality information. System integrity of the users to add, delete and modify password function, the system used in Microsoft Office Access 2000 to design databases, and use the current good development tools - VB 6.0, it has the most flexible structure of the database, the database applications are good support. This paper introduces the topic of development background, to be completed by the function and development of the process. Focus on the design of the system the focus of design ideas, technical difficulties and solutions.
Commodity Management of the system against the scope of business and job characteristics, design of the stock management, stock enquiries, sales management, sales enquiries, inventory management and system maintenance six subsystems, six subsystems including the management of major commodities business, the full realization of the purchase of goods, payment, sales, receivables, and inventory management of the computer business, greatly reduce the workload of the staff of shops, and comprehensively improve the management efficiency of the management of goods as well as service quality, and level of the commodity management Business soars to a new level in accordance with the needs of modern commodity management and development, and easy to operate and aesthetically pleasing interface to the user save a lot of valuable time, the full realization of the purchase of goods, payment, sales, receivables and inventory statistics, the computer management business, greatly reduce the workload of the staff of shops, stores and comprehensively enhance the efficiency and service quality management. Supermarkets need to deal with a lot of inventory information, but also always updating product sales information, adding commodity information. Faced with different types of information, the need to rationalize the
database structure to preserve data, the need for effective program structure to support the implementation of various data manipulation. Store automation of product management in Europe and the United States and other countries have already been realized, is the basis of retail management. It can be the most important feature of real-time and accurate control of the shop sales. If we can grasp in real time the sales process and sales, can be effective in speeding up the turnover of goods and improve service quality and reduce product prices, such as inconsistent with the problems that have occurred. Customer requirements of the consumer is shopping in the supermarket in the hope that basically can be bought for commodities, but also to ensure that the quality of goods but also enjoy high-quality, convenient service.
Chapter II :feasibility study
2.1 The technical feasibility study
In the IT industry in the employment of staff generally require mastering computer technology, hardware and software has some basis, the use of management software will be familiar with IT products. This is because some of the supermarket staff relatively high quality requirements, from the management to the sales staff below, requires a certain degree of basic computer, the new system put into use, as long as a small number of staff to conduct the training, the function of the system and Basically, the use of the system can run smoothly.
2.2 economic feasibility study
Because sales information through the network transmission distance can be exempted from the restrictions, it can borrow a lot of human and material resources, and facilitate management, which can reduce unnecessary expenditures, while the system can improve the efficiency of supermarket sales, which increased the economic Supermarket benefits, and so on the economy is feasible. (1) supermarket afford systems development costs
Development of the new system is a complex task spacing, it is mainly the investment of human and material investment. For the developers of the system, its major investment in human and material resources or two. If it is our own development system for the staff, or its major investment in human resources, from the investigation to the business needs of the coding system are produced enormous human needs investment. Software enterprises as a short high-tech industries and their employees than general corporate requirements of the request must be high, and the development of the system and more understanding of the software industry, in a self-management system developed in the course of our own relatively easy manpower, Such enterprises will be able to borrow most of the additional expenditure. At the same time on other software products, a high-end industry, whether it is the price or quality of products with relatively high, and the operator product distributors or businesses are required to have strong financial support. Therefore, in the system development process, enterprises are able to assume full development costs.
(2) new enterprise system will bring economic benefits
Is a management system of information, intelligence and advanced management concept of aggregation. The management is a dynamic process, in the course of its operation a number of measures to be taken. Therefore, in the management of access to comprehensive benefits is a
cost-effective, it must engage in direct quantitative analysis is more difficult. General the economic benefits of the new system are outlined, the most important is to reduce the performance of enterprise management costs and manpower expenditure. And other food through cumbersome new system to be analysed solution not only saves a great deal of time, but also the decision-making enterprises has provided valuable information for enterprises bring enormous economic benefits. 2.3 operating feasibility study
The system uses a Windows-based graphical user interface, and the system is the operating system we are familiar with, for those who have general computer knowledge can be easy-to-use staff. Supermarkets and the entire management system by the most friendly interface, brief and clear, no need to conduct an in-depth understanding of the database.
Thus, the operation of the system is feasible, it is necessary to develop the system.
Based on the above three areas, the system has a high feasibility of the development, whether it is technically or economically or operationally. Therefore, we can design the system data flow diagram, establish a data dictionary.
Chapter III: system needs analysis
3.1 users workflow
Purchase or sale of goods, the user must Jinhuochan or sale of single-check review and registration; users to obtain purchase, sales, inventory information, it is necessary to the purchase, sales, inventory query and print.
3.2 users business needs
(1) the inventory management software will be tea for management and statistical information, products and product sales Jinhuochan a single input management and statistics;
(2) The management software will be depending on the user's need to purchase, sales, inventory query, and print detailed information;
(3) The management software will provide users with account management tools so that users on the account management, for specific users add, delete users, modify user passwords;
(4) The management software provides enterprise management, enterprise employees can be classified management and the addition of new employees, as well as employees to delete, modify the information into functional.
Chapter IV: detailed design
4.1 Design thinking: (1). System is divided into several relatively independent modules, but these modules to centralized management. (2). Hierarchical modular design thinking process, the entire system is modular in design agencies. Application procedures are as strong operational and scalability. (3). Reasonable data flow design, in the design of applications, relatively independent of the data flow between modules interconnected so that the coupling between modules and lower for the system's operation and improve the security of the system.
4.2. Design principles: In order to make the system fully functional comprehensive, easy to operate, the maximum improve software quality, and to meet the practical needs of users in the design and development process followed, as the following principles:
1), the principle of legality: accounting products based on the work requirements as well as system requirements, in the light of the actual accounting work conducted by the goods such as product, sales and other work.
2); practical principles: product information management for the actual needs, and be able to deal with some special circumstances require, in addition, as far as possible, set aside space for expansion capabilities.
3); accuracy principles: on the importation of relevant information to establish mechanisms seized the wrong time error, allowing users to input timely and accurate legal information (such as matching type, length not exceeding limits, etc.).
4); easy operating principles: to demand the complete system design, friendly interface, easy to operate, suggested that the necessary places.
5); source readability principles: In order to facilitate other design, maintenance personnel understand the code or modify the code after software upgrade maintenance, can be both good code Notes work.
6) optimization principles: In order to achieve the purpose of optimizing and reasonable use of windows, menus, objects of succession, since the user-defined objects, events, function, reduce unnecessary repetition code, the procedure simplicity, ease of the future maintenance. 7); safety of principle: the system administrator can set up a landing password, password privilege. After the previous design of the whole system we have a preliminary understanding of the various modules and functional differentiation.
Requirements Analysis
1, the system functional analysis
1) the maintenance of basic information
Type the establishment and maintenance, including new types of goods, modification and deletion. Basic information management products: basic commodities including the new information, modification and deletion.
Supplier of information management include: suppliers of new information, modification and deletion.
Administrators information management: the system administrator add, delete and modify password.
2) stock management
Information Management bought goods: commodities stock information including commodity purchase quantity, unit price, suppliers, etc.. Goods bought stock management functions complete registration information, modification and deletion.
Categories Show: According to the merchandise can be a commodity type to view the stock situation.
Inventory update: stock information directly related to changes in inventory changes.
Stock analysis: the current stock list of the largest previous purchase of goods and at least the first several commodities.
Inventory: Inventory list of the current top number of goods and inventory for at least the first several commodities.
3) Sales Management
Marketing information management: marketing information including marketing quantity, unit price, statistics and dates. Merchandising sales information management capabilities registration, modify, and delete.
Categories Show: According to the merchandise can see a certain type of merchandise sales. Update Inventory: sales information directly related to changes in inventory changes.
Sales Analysis: lists the most current sales and sales of goods before at least several of the previous commodity.
4) reported loss management
Information management products reported loss: loss of information on goods, including goods at the number of loss, such as the reasons for reported losses. Commodities reported loss management functions complete registration information reported loss, modification and deletion.
Categories Show: According to the merchandise can be a commodity type to view the reported loss situation.
Update Inventory: loss reported the same information directly related to changes in inventory changes.
Reported loss analysis: the current list at the top loss of several commodities and reported the loss
of at least the first several commodities.
Inventory Management: Integrated Query detailed inventory records. Automatic Alarm stock tips. If excess inventory, fewer goods, such as a shortage. Software for your warning, the backlog of stock losses and avoid shortages. Automatic calculation of inventory stocks.
4. Personnel management: staff members, suppliers, manufacturers and other basic information about registration and management. Staff operating rights management. Customer sales management competence.
Second, the system performance analysis
1) Multi-storey structure design
Strict sense of the three-tier structure design, the process is divided into logical structure of the user interface, business logic and data processing layer storage layer. The system used on the three-tier structure was further extended from the multi-storey structure.
2) object-oriented design
Lieutenant General merchandise type in the system, a package of goods and so on the corresponding categories, each category has its own corresponding collections and operational category, which once again raised the database operational safety procedures and scalability.
摘要
在信息时代的今天，计算机的功效已经是家喻户晓，超市中尤其是收银系统更是离不开计算机，本系统主要完成对超市的管理，包括进货管理，收银管理，库存管理和员工管理四个方面。系统可以完成对各类信息的浏览、查询、添加、删除、修改等功能。系统的核心是销售、库存查询和进货管理三者之间的联系，每一个表的修改都将联动的影响其它的表，当完成销售或进货操作时系统会自动地完成相对应信息的修改。查询功能也是系统的核心之一，在系统中主要根据商品编号和商品名称等进行查询，其目的都是为了方便用户使用，以求更快的查找到各个物料和产品品质的基本信息。系统有完整的用户添加、删除和密码修改功能，系统采用Microsoft Office中的Access 2000来设计数据库，并使用当前优秀的开发工具—VB 6.0 ，它有着最为灵活的数据库结构，对数据库应用有着良好的支持。论文主要介绍了本课题的开发背景，所要完成的功能和开发的过程。重点的说明了系统设计的重点、设计思想、难点技术和解决方案。
关键词：超市管理信息系统
第一绪论
1.1社会背景
随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展，计算机技术已经渗透到哥哥领域，成为各行业必不可少的工具，特别是Internet技术的推广和信息高速公路的建立，使IT产业在市场竞争中越发显示出其独特的优势，步入信息化时代，有巨大的数据信息等待加工处理和传输，这使得对书数据库的进一步开发和利用显得尤为迫切。
作为国内市场的一些中小型超市，它们在信息化过程中的步伐要落后于大中型超市，而对于这些企业的资源管理，信息的存储和处理也显得迫切需要，要适应市场竞争，就需要有高效的处理方式和管理方法，因此加快超市的信息化进程是必可少的。
实习期间，我们通过对市场的调查，针对现在各中小型超市对经营业务和人事管理的实际需要，开发了这套超市管理系统。在开发过程中，我们针对当前各超市管理的特点和技术人员的实际水平，采用基于Windows图形用户界面这一易学易用的操作环境，在系统设计过程中，我们尽量采用易懂易读的人机界面，使用户可以在短期内完全掌握。我们又始终发系统的正确性放在首位，
力求数据的完整和处理的正确性。在此基础上优化程序代码，加速系统运行和减少对系统资源的占用。
1.2超市背景
在我国超市形成在20世纪90年代初期，现在已经成为我国零售业的一种重要形态，为国民经济的发展发挥了重要的作用。随着超市高速的发展，其经营管理也变得愈加复杂，早期的售货员站柜台的形式早已不能满足现有销售也的发展，这样就迫切地需要引入新的管理技术。
超市形态具有种种优点，但在目前状况下，它仍存在零售业企业所共有的落后的一面，如：不能有效地管理每种商品，收款结算速度慢，容易出现营业差错，不宜进行商品调价，盘点效率低等，而且在超市日常管理中，商品的进、销、存等决策以经验为主，缺乏实时分析功能，管理人员对及时传递资料的要求始终得不到满足。苏辙超市形态的高速发展，其经营管理也变得愈加复杂，日常所需要处理的数据量也逐渐增大，商业运转的中间环节也越来越多，原始的人工管理已无法应对这复杂的市场。为此，在选题过程中，我选择了超市管理系统设计题目，依靠现代化的计算机信息处理技术来管理超市，从而节省了大量的人力、物力，改善了员工的工作条件，减轻了劳动强度，并且能够快速反映出商品的进、销、存等状况和各种反馈信息分析，使管理人员快速对市场的变化做出相应的决策，加快超市经营管理效率。在信息时代的今天，计算机的功效已经是家喻户晓，超市中尤其是收银系统更是离不开计算机，本系统主要完成对超市的管理，包括进货管理，收银管理，库存管理和员工管理四个方面。系统可以完成对各类信息的浏览、查询、添加、删除、修改等功能。系统的核心是销售、库存查询和进货管理三者之间的联系，每一个表的修改都将联动的影响其它的表，当完成销售或进货操作时系统会自动地完成相对应信息的修改。查询功能也是系统的核心之一，在系统中主要根据商品编号和商品名称等进行查询，其目的都是为了方便用户使用，以求更快的查找到各个物料和产品品质的基本信息。系统有完整的用户添加、删除和密码修改功能，系统采用Microsoft Office中的Access 2000来设计数据库，并使用当前优秀的开发工具—VB 6.0 ，它有着最为灵活的数据库结构，对数据库应用有着良好的支持。论文主要介绍了本课题的开发背景，所要完成的功能和开发的过程。重点的说明了系统设计的重点、设计思想、难点技术和解决方案。
本系统针对商品管理的业务范围及工作特点，设计了进货管理、进货查询、销货管理、销货查询、库存管理和系统维护六个子系统，这六个子系统包括了商品管理的主要业务，可以全面实现对商品的进货、付款、销货、收款和库存等业务的计算机管理，大大减轻了商店工作人员的工作量，全面提高了商品管理的管理效率以及服务质量，使商品管理水平和业务水平跃上了一个新的台阶根据现代商品管理的需要而开发的，操作方便及美观的界面给用户节省了不少宝贵的时间，全面实现对商品的进货、付款、销货、收款和库存统计等业务的计算机管理，大大减轻了商店工作人员的工作量，全面提高了商店的管理效率及服务质量。超市需要处理大量的库存信息，还要时刻更新产品的销售信息，不断添加商品信息。面对不同种类的信息，需要合理的数据库结构来保存数据信息，需要有效的程序结构支持各种数据操作的执行。商店自动化的产品管理在欧美等国家早已经实现，也是零售业管理的基础。它最主要的特点是能够实时的和准确的控制店内的销售情况。如果可以能够实时掌握销售流程及销售情况，则可以有效地加速商品的周转率并提高服务质量，而且可以减少产品售价不符等所产生的问题。顾客的消费要求的是希望在超市购物中能基本上都能购得所需的商品，并且还要既保证商品质量还要享受优质，方便的服务。
第二章系统可行性研究
2.1 技术可行性研究
在IT行业中从业的工作人员一般都要求掌握计算机技术，具有一定的软硬件基础，会使用各种管理软件，熟悉IT产品。因为，有的超市对员工的素质要求比较高，从管理层到下面的销售人员，
英语翻译论文开题报告 精编版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】
英语翻译论文开题报告 时间:2015-03- 12Bell.?Translation?and?Translating:?Theory?and?Practice.?Beijing:?Forei gn?Language?Teaching?and?Research?Press,?2006. 崔长青,?张碧竹.?翻译的要素[M].?苏州:?苏州大学出版社,?2007. 李琏.?英式显性词性转换与英语写作[J].?新疆教育学学 报,?2003,?19(1):?85-89. 李连生.?英汉互译中的词性转换[J].?武汉交通管理干部学院学 报,?1996,?(1):102-107. 项伙珍.?谈翻译中的转性译法[J].?长江职工大学学报,?2000,?17(3):?46-48. 叶海燕.?翻译中的词性转换及换形[J].?安徽工业大学学报(社会科学 版),?2005,?22(3):60-61. (责任编辑：1025) 三、对英文翻译中词类转换的引入 从语言的角度来分析，对一门语言中的词性以及在语句中的成分进行分析，?从转喻理论的相关知识出发，来探讨英汉语言翻译中词类转换的概念和知识，并就其异同和特性进行对比，不仅是当前国内外学者研究的重点问题，也是大学英语教学中始终关注的热点。?为?此?，从英文翻译的实践中，?通过例证或典型问题的互译，从语言结构及表达习惯上进行探讨英文翻译中的转换方法，以增强语言翻译的可读性和准确性，并从中探讨出词类转换的规律，帮助更多的学生从中获得有益的指
常见职位、职务英文译名 Accounting Assistant 会计助理 Accounting Clerk 记帐员 Accounting Manager 会计部经理 Accounting Stall 会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor 会计主管 Administration Manager 行政经理 Administration Staff 行政人员 Administrative Assistant 行政助理 Administrative Clerk 行政办事员 Advertising Staff 广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff 航空公司职员 Application Engineer 应用工程师 Assistant Manager 副经理 Bond Analyst 证券分析员 Bond Trader 证券交易员 Business Controller 业务主任 Business Manager 业务经理 Buyer 采购员 Cashier 出纳员 Chemical Engineer 化学工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist 职员／接待员 Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员 Computer Engineer 计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员 Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理 Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager 副总经理 Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Engineering Technician 工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师
管理信息系统开题报告模板 篇一：软件项目管理系统开题报告 北京石油化工学院 本科毕业设计（论文）开题报告 题目名称: 题目性质： 学生姓名： 专业：学院：年级： 指导教师：软件项目管理系统设计郭子艺计算机科学与技术信息工程学院 XX届李林峰 XX年3月6 日 一、选题背景、研究意义及文献综述 1、选题背景软件项目开发是一项系统而复杂的工作，它需要一个团队互相配合、分工协作。软件项目管理系统可以规范一个软件开发团队的日常工作，提高工作效率。软件项目管理是为了使软件项目能够按照预定的成本、进度、质量顺利完成，而对成本、人员、进度、质量、风险等进行分析和管理的活动。实际上，软件项目管理的意义不仅仅如此，进行软件项目管理有利于将开发人员的个人开发能力转化成企业的开发能力，企业的软件开发能力越高，表明这个企业的软件生产越趋向于成熟，企业越能够稳定发展。然而，目前，对软件项目的管理主要有手工存取和借助一些软件
Visual Source Safe（简称VSS）、subversion(简称SVN),也会有一些工具和理论，比如COCOMO, 甘特图等对软件项目进行管理，起不到对项目进度的实时跟踪与管理。为进一步完善软件项目流程及资源的统一管理，更加全面、有效的服务于软件开发过程，更好的方便软件开发过程管理。故开发《软件项目管理系统》。 软件项目管理是软件管理过程中的重要环节。软件项目管理包括： 一、软件需求管理； 二、软件开发资源管理（包括人力和时间管理）； 三、软件项目进度可视化跟踪与管理(开发→测试→结束)。 2、研究意义 建立一个高效的软件项目管理系统，管理人员就可以利用它进行轻松管理，清楚的知道资源和时间的管理和分配。比如说多少个人在做某一个需求，多少人在测试某一个需求的实现，这些需要多长时间等。。使开发工程产生的信息一目了然，对于估算开发项目成本，优化开发进程、工程项目的质量控都具有重要的意义。总之，通过软件项目管理系统的实施应用，能够使企业的开发项目更高效、更科学、更规范。 3、文献综述
MIS(Management Information System) the term in the interest of the administration. In the wake of the development of MIS, much business sit up the decentralized message concentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chief of information system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant manager’s grade. After the authority of business is centralized up high-quality administration personnel staff’s hand, as if causing much sections office work decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer management shall vanish. In reality, the reappearance phase employed layer management among the information system queen not merely not to decrease, on the contrary there being the increase a bit. This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate out through loaded down with trivial details daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researching work in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importance level. In the wake of the development of MIS, the business continuously adds to the demand of high technique a talented person, but the scarce thing of capability shall be washed out gradually. This compels people by means of study and cultivating, and continuously lifts individual’s quality. In The wake of the news dispatch and electric network and file transmission system development, business staff member is on duty in many being living incomparably either the home. Having caused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficiency obviously moves upward American Rank Zeros corporation the office system on the net, in the interest of the creativity of raise office personnel staff was produced the advantageous term. At the moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more well-developed manufacturing industry strategy, and become quickly manufacturing the business. It completely on the basis of the user requirement organization design together with manufacture, may carry on the large-scale cooperation in the interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flow was shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programming to the machinery with to the resources and the reorganization of personnel staff , constituted a fresh affrication system, and causes that manufacturing cost together with lot nearly have nothing to do with. Quickly manufacturing the business establishes a whole completely new strategy dependence relation against consumer, and is able to arouse the structure of production once more revolution. The management information system is towards the self-adoption and Self-learning orientation development, the decision procedure of imitation man who is be able to be better. Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is encircles the magic drug to govern the business all kinds of diseases; Yet also someone says, and what it is too many is dependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each other to comprehend the effect to the business of MIS, and is favor of us to be living in development and the research work, and causes the business organization and administer the better development against MIS of system and administration means , and establish more valid MIS. 英文翻译文章的出处：Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal 管理信息系统: 管理信息系统就是我们常说的MIS(Management Information System), 在强调管理，
辽宁大学外国语学院 全日制硕士专业学位研究生学位论文开题报告 题目: 中国会展经济国际合作论坛交替传译模拟实践报告——以发言人致辞（中译英）交传为例 姓名: 张伟平 年级: 2012级专业: 英语口译学号: 4031241975 指导教师: 万平
1、本论文选题基本内容、应用价值或现实意义 本篇实践报告采用模拟会议的形式进行，真实模拟了中国会展经济国际合作论坛会议，以发言人在论坛开幕会上的致辞为原文本，进行中译英的交替传译实践。会议内容涉及中外会展业，搭建广泛交流与合作的平台，探寻双方相同利益和共同发展的切入点，为国际会展企业进入中国和中国会展企业开拓国际市场寻求新的渠道，促进中国会展业法制化、专业化、市场化、国际化发展，实现中国会展业与国际会展业的战略性合作。该实践报告将如实记录模拟翻译过程，记录翻译文本，并对模拟论坛各个环节（会前准备、速记、即时翻译应变策略、翻译技巧与理论的应用）中出现的问题进行分析，并提出相应的提高办法。 该实践报告的应用价值巨大，体现在三方面：第一，如实模拟论坛会议，具有可操作性和广泛应用性。模拟过程中设发言人及翻译两人，操作实施方便。第二，中国会展业蓬勃发展，符合绝大部分译员将来从事的领域，可以广泛应用。第三，在模拟翻译过程中可以帮助译者找到不足，加强英语听说读写译各种能力，提高反应能力，为以后有可能从事口译工作打下一定基础。
2、本论文选题的研究特色和创新之处及预期可解决的实际问题 一般介绍口译的文章都把重点放在纯粹的翻译技巧上，却忽视了口译现场时限性超强的情况下译者面临各种压力，需要在发言人话音一落就把长达3到5分钟的内容用另一种语言准确表达出来，这么短的时间如何运用这些翻译技巧。成功的翻译需要有对原文的理解、全面准确的速记、新语言组织的敏感度等。 本论文选择属于商业题材，重点研究当前社会商务会议中交替传译应该注意的问题，通过真实口译实践材料训练加强自身对于公众演讲、速记、短时记忆、连续传译、重组语言及临场应对策略等各项口译基本技能的掌握。本论文的创新之处就在于通过案例分析提出记笔记的方法，并针对翻译过程中出现常见问题提出解决办法和补救办法，比如笔记没记全如何翻译，遇到不会的词和术语如何翻译等。 翻译过程中会出现一些可预想到的问题，比如情绪紧张、笔记不全、译出语组织不佳、生僻词未掌握等而影响翻译质量。本论文将通过实际翻译案例分析对这些问题提出解决办法。
常见职务职位英文翻译 希望对你有帮助哦!总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室Secretarial PoolAccounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师
毕业设计开题报告书 学院计算机科学与技术学院专业信息管理与信息系统 学生姓名学号200817020107 合作导师娄小平职称讲师 论文题目学生信息管理系统 一、选题背景和意义 (一) 选题背景 随着计算机技术的飞速发展和网络时代的到来，我们已经进入了信息化的时代，有人也称之为数字化的时代。在这个数字化时代里，各个高校在各方面的信息管理工作都受到了极大的挑战。随着各个高校的教育规模不断的发展扩大，学生人数急剧的增加，有关学生的各种信息量也成倍增长。也带来了各个高校教育发展过程中的一个重要的问题，就是学生信息的管理问题。面对庞大的信息量就需要有一个学生信息管理系统来提高学生信息管理工作的效率，做到信息的规范管理、科学统计和快速查询，以减少查询工作方面的工作量。 学生信息管理系统是一个人机系统，以计算机为基础的，但这并不意味着一切都是自动化的。人机系统的概念说明有些任务最好由人完成，而另一些任务由机器代替。因此，需要很好的分析把什么工作交给人做比较合适，什么工作交给机器比较合适，充分发挥人和机器的特长，组成一个和谐、有效的系统。 近年来，越来越多的用户认识到管理信息的重要性，纷纷开始选择适合自己的信息管理系统。学生信息管理系统就是根据这些因素来设计和开发的。 (二) 选题意义 随着各个学校校园网的建设和Internet技术的引进，基于校园网和Internet的系统开发也蓬勃发展。学生信息管理是各个学校教学的一项重要工作，现代化的学生信息需要现代化的信息管理系统支持。从20世纪90年代开始，为适应新世纪人才培养的目标，国内高校教育体制进行了大规模的改革。 1．推进高校的信息化建设 信息化是全球化的趋势和潮流，是国家社会经济发展的必然选择，信息化水平的高低已成为一个国家综合国力与发展潜力的重要衡量指标，积极推进国家信息化又是我国促进经济社会发展的重要举措，高校作为促进经济社会发展的重要领地，他的信息化水平必将对国家信息化建设产生深远的影响，必将对国家教育信息化建设提供借鉴，信息化不仅影响高校的教学与科研活动，也将给传统教学、科研活动带来巨大的变化，同时也将给学校现行的体系与机制提出挑战，推动他们的变革。高校的学生信息查询系统的建设就是高校数字化校园建设的重要组成部分。
Managemengt Information Systems By a management information system,we propose the follow alternate definition: an integrated uer/machine system (usually computerized) for providing information to support decision making in an enterprise. The key elements of this definition are —An integrated uer/machine system —For proving information —To support decision making —In an enterprise A management information system utilizes —Computer hardware and software —Manual procedures —Models for analysis —A database Just as there is a logical flow of materials in the creation of a product, there is logical flow of information in a management information system.In manufacturing,raw materials move through a process that transforms the raw materials into usable products. In a similar fashion, in an information system,data are supplied to a system(input), the data are manipulated(processed),and they are transformed into information(output).In its simplest form ,a management information systemed may be depicted by an input-process-output(IPO) model
石河子大学 毕业论文开题报告 课题名称：如何处理英汉翻译中的省略 How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation 学生姓名： 学号：2009051431 学院：外国语学院 专业、年级：英语专业20095 指导教师：_ 职称：副教授 毕业论文(设计)完成时间： 2013年6月9日
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation I. Purpose and Significance With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty. It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable. According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language. Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries. II. Literature Review Long before, some people began to learn other countries’languages to
常见职位职务英文翻译 Accounting Assistant会计助理 Accounting Clerk记帐员 Accounting Manager会计部经理 Accounting Stall会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor会计主管 Administration Manager行政经理 Administration Staff行政人员 Administrative Assistant行政助理 Administrative Clerk行政办事员 Advertising Staff广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff航空公司职员 Application Engineer应用工程师 Assistant Manager副经理 Bond Analyst证券分析员 Bond Trader证券交易员 Business Controller业务主任 Business Manager业务经理 Buyer采购员 Cashier出纳员 Chemical Engineer化学工程师 Civil Engineer土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist职员／接待员 Clerk Typist&Secretary文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager计算机系统部经理 Copywriter广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager副总经理 Economic Research Assistant经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer电气工程师 Engineering Technician工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher英语教师 Export Sales Manager外销部经理 Export Sales Staff外销部职员 Financial Controller财务主任 Financial Reporter财务报告人 F.X.(Foreign Exchange)Clerk外汇部职员 F.X.Settlement Clerk外汇部核算员 Fund Manager财务经理 General Auditor审计长 General Manager/President总经理
本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 译文： ASP ASP介绍 你是否对静态HTML网页感到厌倦呢？你是否想要创建动态网页呢？你是否想 要你的网页能够数据库存储呢？如果你回答：“是”，ASP可能会帮你解决。在2002年5月，微软预计世界上的ASP开发者将超过80万。你可能会有一个疑问什么是ASP。不用着急，等你读完这些，你讲会知道ASP是什么，ASP如何工作以及它能为我们做 什么。你准备好了吗？让我们一起去了解ASP。 什么是ASP? ASP为动态服务器网页。微软在1996年12月推出动态服务器网页,版本是3.0。微软公司的正式定义为:“动态服务器网页是一个开放的、编辑自由的应用环境,你可以将HTML、脚本、可重用的元件来创建动态的以及强大的网络基础业务方案。动态服务器网页服务器端脚本,IIS能够以支持Jscript和VBScript。”(2)。换句话说,ASP是微软技术开发的,能使您可以通过脚本如VBScript Jscript的帮助创建动态网站。微软的网站服务器都支持ASP技术并且是免费的。如果你有Window NT4.0服务器安装,你可以下载IIS（互联网信息服务器）3.0或4.0。如果你正在使用的Windows2000,IIS 5.0是它的一个免费的组件。如果你是Windows95/98,你可以下载(个人网络服务器(PWS),这是比IIS小的一个版本，可以从Windows95/98CD中安装，你也可以从微软的网站上免费下载这些产品。 好了，您已经学会了什么是ASP技术，接下来，您将学习ASP文件。它和HTML文 件相同吗？让我们开始研究它吧。 什么是ASP文件？ 一个ASP文件和一个HTML文件非常相似，它包含文本，HTML标签以及脚本，这些都在服务器中，广泛用在ASP网页上的脚本语言有2种，分别是VBScript和Jscript，VBScript与Visual Basic非常相似，而Jscript是微软JavaScript的版本。尽管如此，VBScript是ASP默认的脚本语言。另外，这两种脚本语言，只要你安装了ActiveX脚本引擎，你可以使用任意一个，例如PerlScript。 HTML文件和ASP文件的不同点是ASP文件有“.Asp”扩展名。此外，HTML标签和ASP代码的脚本分隔符也不同。一个脚本分隔符,标志着一个单位的开始和结束。HTML标签以小于号(<)开始(>)结束，而ASP以<%开始，%>结束，两者之间是服务端脚本。
联想集团的ERP之路 1998年11月24日，联想集团与德国SAP公司、德勤企业咨询公司联合召开新闻发布会，正式宣布：联想与SAP及其咨询合作伙伴德勤管理咨询公司签订联想集团ERP项目实施协议。会上，联想集团总裁柳传志说：“此次ERP项目建设能否实施成功，将直接关系到公司的生死存亡。”在国内ERP实施效果不理想的大环境下，联想集团实施ERP为什么要如此广泛而公开地宣传?ERP对于联想来说真的那么重要吗?联想又是如何实施ERP的呢?本案例记叙了自1998年11月联想集团启动ERP项目至2000年末联想神州数码有限公司宣布ERP二期工程完成的过程。 联想集团 联想集团成立于1984年，是一家以研究、开发、生产和销售自有品牌的计算机系统及其相关产品为主，在信息产业领域内多元化发展的大型企业。联想集团于1994年在香港联合交易所挂牌上市，2000年公司市值达到900亿港币左右，位居香港股市十大上市公司之列。 联想集团从在一间小平房里起家，仅有11个人、20万元资本金的小公司，发展到2000年末拥有员工10000余人的巨型集团企业。联想集团在北京、上海、成都、西安、沈阳、深圳等地设有地区总部，在全国各地建有数千家代理分销网点，在欧洲、美洲、亚太设有海外平台，1999年实现销售收入203亿元人民币，连续二年位居全国电子百强第一名。联想电脑当年销售量达到125．8万台，连续4年位居中国市场第一，在亚太地区的市场占有率上升到第一。联想集团是国家120家试点大型企业集团之一，国家技术创新试点企业集团之一，是国内极具影响力的高科技公司之一。 自成立以来，联想集团始终致力于为中国用户提供基于计算机的信息产品。联想集团的业务涉及到个人电脑、服务器、主板、外设、信息家电等Internet接入端产品、信息服务、软件、系统集成以及以电子商务为核心的网络产品等多方面，各类产品和技术已成为金融、交通、邮电、商品流通等许多行业中必不可少的企业信息技术手段。 2000年4月，联想集团主动应变进行大规模业务重组。从原来的以事业部为核心的体制向以子公司为核心的体制转变，形成了两大子公司：“联想电脑公司”和“联想神州数码有限公司”。联想电脑公司以向客户提供全面的Internet接入端产品、信息服务为主，联想神州数码有限公司则致力于为客户提供电子商务为核心的局端产品及全面的系统集成方案。 联想的信息化之路 虽然联想集团是一个以提供计算机及其设备为主要业务的企业，但联想集团同样面临着如何信息化的问题。联想集团的业务分为三大类：一是从研发、制造到生产、销售联想电脑；二是代理国外品牌产品的分销；三是以服务为主，包括硬件配置的系统集成业务。这些业务当然都与信息化紧密相关。从1992年开始，联想就开发了自己的MIS系统，当时的MIS主要是以财务为核心、根据企业的运营需求而定制的一个管理系统。
Outline The translation of business letter and contract 商务英语信函与合同的翻译 Abstract: 摘要： Key words: 关键词： Contents : Introduction : Chapter one: The translation of Business letter 1.1：The brief introduction of business letter 商务英语信函简介 1.1.1：The importance of business letter and translation 英语商务信函及其翻译的重要性 1.1.2：The elements of english business letter 英语商务信函的构成要素 1.2：The language character of business letter 英语商务信函的文体和语言特征 1.2.1: 英语商务信函的词汇特征 1.2.2商务英语信函的篇章结构特征 1.3：英语商务信函翻译中的文体对等 1.3.1：语言的简洁规范
1.3.2：译文使用书面语要做到礼貌诚恳 1.3.3：尽量使用商务用语，体现商业风格Chapter two: The translation of Business contract 2.1:商务合同的基础知识 2.1.1: 概念与文体 2.1.2: 商务合同的主要内容 2.2.：合同英语的词汇特点几翻译要点 2.2.1：用词专业，具有法律意味 2.2.2: 用词正式，准确 2.3：合同英语的句法特点及翻译要点 2.3.1：长句及其翻译 2.3.2：条件句及其翻译 2.4: 商务合同的翻译标准 2.4.1：准确严谨 2.4.2: 规范通顺 Conclusion: Acknowlegements: Bibliography :
英文译文 学生信息管理系统的设计与发展 随着信息技术的日新月异,各种管理系统的相继出现,让日常生活变的更加具有条理化, 尽可能的合理的运用网络资源可以大大的减少人工管理上带来的不 便及时间的浪费. 二十一世纪现代化程度的不断加速,科学文化水平的不断提高,学生数量的急剧增长，势必增加了管理学生信息带来的压力，人工检索的低效完全不符合整个社会的需要.学生信息管理系统是信息管理系统中的一种，目前信息技术不断的发展，网络技术已经广泛的应用于我们身边的各行各业，有了网络技术的发展，各高校都利用计算机来管理办学，以前学校靠手工操作的一切繁琐事情都得到了快速且高效率的解决，特别是学生成绩管理系统在学校中起到了很大的作用，对于学生和教师来说都能够更方便、快捷、准确地了解和管理各方面信息。 采用人工管理庞大的数据库是一项繁重枯燥的工作，无论是数据录入，查询还是修改都存在着工作量大，效率低下，周期长的缺点。而计算机管理系统的引进将给人工管理数据库的工作带来一次彻底的变革。学校由于学生众多，学生数据信息库庞大，使信息的管理成为了一个复杂繁琐的工作。本系统针对学校,经过实际的需求分析，采用功能强大的VB6.0作为开发工具来开发学生信息管理系统。整个系统从符合操作简便，界面美观、灵活、实用的要求出发，完成学生信息管理的全过程，包括系统管理、基本信息管理、学习管理、奖惩管理和打印报表等功能。经过使用证明，本文所设计的学生信息管理系统可以满足学校对学生信息管理方面的需要。论文主要介绍了本课题的开发背景，所要完成的功能和开发的过程。重点的说明了系统设计的重点、开发设计思想、难点技术和解决方案。学生管理系统的产生大大减少了人力上的不便，让整个学生数据管理更加科学合理。本系统最有特色的地方就是后台数据库对学生信息的统一管理。该系统主要分为系统管理，学生专业管理，学生档案管理，学费管理，课程管理，成绩管理和打印报表。系统的界面是运用vb软件制作的，以上几个模块都是运用vb 控件绑定的方法来实现对后台数据库的连接，后台数据库大概分为以下几个表：专业信息表，收费类别表，学生职务表，学生信息表，学生政治面貌表，用户登入表。采用Client/Server结构进行设计，本系统是在由一台数据服务器和若干台
ERP系统如何帮助联想提升管理水平 案例思考题： 一、 ERP可以解决企业管理中的哪些问题? 答：ERP可以解决企业管理中的以下问题： 1、ERP的实施使得联想计算机业务进入飞速扩张期时，在财务系统方面可以进行进一步的提升，起到了对 业务的支撑作用，而不再是财务数据模糊，得不到实时的数据支持。同时也改变了以前财务部门所扮演的 角色，提升了其在管理上的重要性，进行了从被动管理到主动管理的演变，加大了数据库的准确性和完善 性。ERP的财务系统能更好地实现整合性的功能化财务数据的搜集和整理，采用滚动成本核算法，实物账 和资金账同时产生，通过对物流、资金流进行无缝管理，极大地降低了财务管理人员的工作量，提高了财 务数据处理的及时性、准确性，为实现财务管理的事前预算、事中控制、事后分析提供了第一手材料，最 终还可以自动化地形成直观的财务分析报告，便于决策层可以随时了解真实准确的企业运营状况。 2、ERP在企业管理中，使得部门与部门之间的联系更加紧密，销售、采购、库房、生产的全部过程都和财 务紧密挂钩，同时数据建设更为一致，所有作业都能够在系统中实时地反映出来，避免出现“跑冒滴漏” 的现象，整个集团实现了真正的一体化和透明化。 3、ERP解决销售的问题，ERP可以通过合理的调配机制和信息反馈机制来帮助你的企业很好的处理这些问 题，实现对订单和计划执行的动态跟踪，全面准确地掌握销售情况，提高资金回笼的时效性。 4、ERP可以通过相应的管理模块实现高效的生产流水线模式，减少了生产中个别物料短缺造成的生产中断， 提高生产线劳动效率，同时又可减少办公文档及传递工作，提高办公效率，减少职工加班时间，即使在处 理紧急任务时也能预先设计出最合理的生产流程，降低无效劳动。 5、ERP的管理系统可以实现采购信息的发布和搜集，及时把握和分析供货商的相关信息（包括信誉、生产 能力），供货商的延续性管理和客户关系管理，采购过程的公开公正化管理，最终通过准确的采购计划，保 证了物料供应，为采购人员节省了大量精力，降低采购管理成本。 6、ERP系统的合理规划能及时设定准确的需求计划，可以在恰当的时间得到恰当的物料，不必留有库存， 降低相应的成本和风险。如果是拥有多个生产基地的集团企业还可以实现多个生产厂的库存和在途物料地 信息共享，由系统自动生成准确的批次物料需求计划，减少库存资金占用，提高库存资金周转次数。 二、案例中ERP在制造和分销性企业的主要功能有哪些? 为什么能发挥这些作用? 答：ERP在制造和分销性企业的主要功能有： 1、分销管理 销售的管理是从产品的销售计划开始，对其销售产品、销售地区、销售客户各种信息的管理和统计， 并可对销售数量、金额、利润、绩效、客户服务做出全面的分析，这样在分销管理模块中大致有三方面的 功能。 （1）对于客户信息的管理和服务 它能建立一个客户信息档案，对其进行分类管理，进而对其进行针对性的客户服务，以达到最高效率 的保留老客户、争取新客户。在这里，要特别提到的就是最近新出现的CRM软件，即客户关系管理，ERP 与它的结合必将大大增加企业的效益。 （2）对于销售订单的管理 销售订单是ERP的入口，所有的生产计划都是根据它下达并进行排产的。而销售订单的管理是贯穿了 产品生产的整个流程。它包括： a客户信用审核及查询（客户信用分级，来审核订单交易）。 b产品库存查询（决定是否要延期交货、分批发货或用代用品发货等）。 c产品报价（为客户作不同产品的报价）。 d订单输入、变更及跟踪（订单输入后，变更的修正，及订单的跟踪分析）。 e交货期的确认及交货处理(决定交货期和发货事物安排)。 （3）对于销售的统计与分析 这时系统根据销售订单的完成情况，依据各种指标做出统计，比如客户分类统计，销售代理分类统计 等等，再就这些统计结果来对企业实际销售效果进行评价： a销售统计（根据销售形式、产品、代理商、地区、销售人员、金额、数量来分别进行统计）。 b销售分析（包括对比目标、同期比较和订货发货分析，来从数量、金额、利润及绩效等方面作相应的 分析）。 c客户服务（客户投诉纪录，原因分析）。 2、库存控制 用来控制存储物料的数量，以保证稳定的物流支持正常的生产，但又最小限度的占用资本。它是一种 相关的、动态的、及真实的库存控制系统。它能够结合、满足相关部门的需求，随时间变化动态地调整库 存，精确的反映库存现状。这一系统的功能又涉及： a为所有的物料建立库存，决定何时定货采购，同时作为交与采购部门采购、生产部门作生产计划的依 据。 b收到订购物料，经过质量检验入库，生产的产品也同样要经过检验入库。 c收发料的日常业务处理工作。