过去分词作定语
1. 单个过去分词作定语, 通常前置
a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。
a broken cup
a wounded soldier
an unexpected guest
the excited crowd
b. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。
a retired officer
C. 合成的过去分词
a much-needed reform
state-owned enterprises
2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
a letter written in pencil
= a letter which was written in pencil
the machines produced last year
过去分词与现在分词的区别：
1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动The falling leaves the fallen leaves
2 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在
进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。
过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表
示的动作” 或“ 没有一定的时间性”
1.Do you know the boy ____(lie) under the big tree?
2. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily ____(point) to
the notice.
3 The woman _____(sell) vegetables has gone.
4.The wheat is watered by water _____(bring) from a pond.
5. He is a leader________ (respect) by the people.
3 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式
(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个
完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.
the problem discussed yesterday
The problem being discussed
1. We lived in the house __built by my uncles
________________
(我舅舅们修建的).
2. Any medicine ___taken_____(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.
3. We spent two hours discussing the plan __made by her __
______________ (她制定的).
4. _____________ (开水)
5. ________________ (一个破碎的茶杯)
6. three ____________________ (受伤的士兵)
1. Most of the people __invited to the party
_________________
(被邀请参加宴会的) were famous scientists.
2. Lessons ____learned easily
_________ (易学的)are soon
forgotten.
** ____Easily-learned
_________ (易学的) lessons are soon
forgotten.
3. The computer center ____opened/started
_____________
(开办) last week is popular with the students .
9. Prices of daily goods ___ through a computer can be lower than some store prices.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
10. Mr Smith, ____ of the ___ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring
B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored
D. tiring; boring
分词
分词作定语
分词作状语
连词+分词(短语)
分词作补语
分词作表语
分词作插入语
分词的时态
分词的语态
1 分词作定语
分词前置
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人
分词后置(i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left；iii.)
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given.这是所给的问题
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
In Africa there is a tribe called cannibal. People live on a small island surrounded by the sea. They have eaten up all the animals, plants and vegetables, so they want to eat everything. (过去分词作后置定语)
One day a father and his son saw a ship in distance coming towards them. Suddenly the wind began and the ship sank. They heard, “ help, help.” They saw a beautiful girl lying on the beach. The shouted happily, “daddy, we have food now.”Then the father said, “ no, no, no, don’t eat her, leave her to me. Let’s eat your mother, because your mother is too ugly.”（现在分词作宾语补足语）
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
1.现在分词作定语
我们刚刚讲过过去分词作定语，这里再学习现在分词作定语。我们前面曾经将现在分词和动名词统统称为“动词的ing形式”，这里我们也无需过细地去分析它们的区别，大家只需知道：动词的ing形式首先表示“正在发生着”的动作或行为；其次，要知道它表示的是主动的含义，不是被动的。
示例1：The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere.(surprising作定语，修饰thing)
示例2：The ball went towards a passing boat.(passing作定语，修饰boat)
2.定语从句的继续
定语从句作为一种高级的表达方式，同时作为拉长句子的手段，是一个重点，所以，我们将不断强化它的运用。同时，我们也接触到了定语从句的简化方式，这里将进行更为系统化的研究。
请记住：定语从句的简化必须符合一个根本条件：关系代词在定语从句中作主语(作宾语时可以省略，但不能简化)！如果具备了这个条件，便可以进行简化，而且，简化后的形式在语言表达的水平上被视为高于定语从句。
再请记住：符合简化条件的定语从句是这样简化的：如果定语从句的谓语动词中有be 动词的各种形式，那么，砍掉关系代词和be动词的各种形式就完成了；如果定语从句的谓语动词中没有be动词的各种形式，那么，需要把谓语动词变为ing形式。
示例1：The Wayle is a small river which/that cuts across the park near my home.(由下面两句话合并而来：The Wayle is a small river. It cuts across the park near my home.)
简化方式：The Wayle is a small river cutting across the park near my home.
示例2：There were some people rowing on the river.(划线部分作some people的定语，本身就是简化式，我们可以把它还原为从句)
从句形式：There were some people who were rowing on the river.
示例3：Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat.
从句形式：Some people on the bank called out to the man who was in the boat.
Part III：综合训练
The Wayle is a small river (1) cuts across the park near my home. I like (2 sit) (3) the Wayle (4) fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, (5) I went (6) sat (7) the river bank (8) usual. Some children were playing games (9) the bank (10) there were some people (11) were rowing (12) the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball (13) hard (14) it went towards a (15 pass) boat. Some people (16) the bank called out (17) the man (18) the boat, (19) he did not hear them. The ball (20 strike) the man (21) hard (22) he nearly fell (23) the water. The man turned to look at the children, (24) there weren’t any (25) sight. (26 see) (27) the ball had struck the man (28) the boat, they all ran away. The man laughed (29) he realized what had happened. He called out (30) the children (31) (32 throw) the ball back (33) the bank.
答案：
(1) which//that; (2) sitting; (3) by; (4) on; (5) so; (6) and; (7) on; (8) as;
(9) on; (10) and; (11) who; (12) on; (13) so; (14) that; (15) passing; (16) on; (17) to; (18) in; (19) but; (20) struck; (21) so; (22) that; (23) into; (24) but; (25) in; (26) Seeing; (27) that; (28) in; (29) when; (30) to; (31) and; (32) threw; (33) to
Part IV：句型转换
将下面句子进行最大程度的合并：
1. The Wayle is a small river. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.
同位语
非限制
2. I like sitting by a small river. This river cuts across the park near my home.
定语从句非谓语
3. It was warm last Sunday. I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
独立主格
4. Some children were playing games on the bank. There were some people. These people were rowing on the river.
5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard. It went towards a passing boat.
6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat. He did not hear them.
7. The ball struck the man very hard. He nearly fell into the water.
8. The man turned to look at the children. There weren’t any in sight.
9. The children saw that the ball had struck the man in the boat. They all ran away.
10. The man laughed. He realized what had happened.
11. He called out to the children. He threw the ball back to the bank.
答案：
1. The Wayle is a small river by which I like sitting on fine afternoons.
2. I like sitting by a small river which cuts across the park near my home.
3. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
4. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people who were rowing on the river.
5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball so hard that it went towards a passing boat.
6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.
7. The ball struck the man so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
8. The man turned to look at the children, but there weren’t any in si ght.
9. Seeing that the ball had struck the man in the boat, they all ran away.
10. The man laughed when he realized what had happened.
11. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.
II 现在分词作定语或状语 1. The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the bank of the lake. A.missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 2. Mr Smith, ______ of the ______ speech, started to read a novel. A.tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 3. Don’t leave the water _______ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 4. John’s bad habit is ______ without thorough understanding. A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading 5. Tell Mary that there’s someone ______ for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait 6. The ______ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.” A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 7. Do you know the boy______ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 8. I can hardly imagine Peter _______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 9. There are lots of places of interest _______ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 10. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _______ in all directions before he was sent _______ by his wife. A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep 11. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _______ but the door _______. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting 12. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _______ but the door _______. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting 13. The woman found it no good ______ her daughter too much money. A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave 14. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it ______ on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain 15. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南07) A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved 16. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ______ in the natural light during the day. (天津2007) A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 17. ______that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. (陕西2007) A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying 18 Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing. (江苏2006) A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said 19. Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (湖北2006) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing 20. When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(浙江2006) A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 21. While watching television, ______. (2005全国卷III) A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 22. ______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(北京2004) A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
过去分词专项练习 过去分词两个显著的特点即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态上讲，表示被动的概念，但是如果是不及物动词用作过去分词形式，则只表示动作的完成，而没有被动意义。如fallen leaves 落叶retired workers 退休工人。过去分词主要起形容词或副词的作用，表示“被动、完成”的意义，在句中作状语、定语、补足语、表语等。选择分词时，关键看分词与其逻辑主语的关系，若是其逻辑主语主动发出的动作，选用现在分词；若是被动动作，则选用过去分词。 过去分词用法总结如下： 一、表语: 1．The cup is broken. 2． The door remains locked. 3．She looked disappointed. 二、定语： 要求学生必须掌握过去分词做定语的位置，告诉他们单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之前，但修饰代词时，需置于被修饰词之后，而过去分词短语作定语也要后置，即要放在被修饰词之后。 1. We needed much more qualified workers. ( 单个过去分词作定 语)
2. The girl dressed in white is my daughter. ( 过去分词短语作 定语) 3. Is there anything unsolved? There is nothing changed here since I left this town. (如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one 所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使是单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面) 4. This is a state-owned factory. This is a newly built building. Advertising is a highly developed industry. (单个过去分词与名词或副词构成复合形容词时，放在其修饰 的名词前作前置定语) 三、宾语补足语：可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有： 1）see, hear, find, feel, think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词He found his hometown greatly changed when he came back from abroad. He once heard the song sung in German. Everyone thought the match lost. 2) make, get, have, keep 等表示“致使”意义的动词： He’s going to have his hair cut. She had her foot injured in the fall. When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood.
语法学习：分词（一）分词作定语 一、现在分词作定语 一）、观察下列短语中的现在分词/短语，总结其用法： a room facing the street, the lady whispering to your mother, a falling leave, a developing country, astonishing progress, a boring book 归纳总结： (一)现在分词/短语在句中充当__________语 (二)单个现在分词通常置于所修饰的名词的____面。短语置于所修饰的名词的___面。 (三)现在分词作定语的内涵：a. b.情绪情感的词表 二、过去分词作定语 （二）观察下列过去分词/短语，总结其用法： polluted water, the affected person, the astonished people, the river polluted by the dirty water from London，people exposed to cholera, a fallen leaf, a developed country，a girl dressed in pink, those seated at the back，a stadium located in the city center 二）过去分词作定语的内涵： a. b. c. 补充：1.系表结构不表动作而表状态的短语有: be seated (坐); be located in, be lost in (埋头，专心); be absorbed in (全神贯注于); be caught in（遇上），be dressed in (穿着); be armed with, be equipped with, be provided with（装备）, be furnished with(配备家具), be faced with（面对）, be crowded with（挤满）, be devoted to（致力于）, be compared with(与…比较)等, 如： 1. the girl ___________(absorb) in reading a novel 2. those _________ (seat) at the back 3. a girl _____________(dress) in pink 4. a stadium __________(locate) in the city center 5. a flat ____________(furnish) with furniture 2.不及物动词和连系动词没有被动式 常考的有：rise, succeed, sink, appear, occur, arise(出现), happen(发生), remain(剩余) , belong to(属于), take place 1. the _________ (remain) money 2. the flowers _________ (smell) sweet 3. the dumplings _________ (taste) good 4. the house _____________(belong) to my uncle 5. the accident _____________(happen) last night Exercises: 一、用现在分词或过去分词填空： 1.______________(convince) evidence 2. a __________(surprise) look 3. a girl ___________(call) Mary 4. a girl ___________(call) herself Mary 5. a country_________(cover) a whole continent 6.a temple____________(cover) 1,000 square meters 7. a mountain___________(cover) with snow 8. the noise___________(follow) the sudden burst of light 9. a teacher ___________ (follow) by some students 10. a man ___________(face) the biggest challenge of his career
不定式作定语的用法 不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。 1、主谓关系的 （1）We must find a person to do the work. (2) There is no one to take care of her. (3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up. (4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (5) We need someone to go and get a doctor. 2、动宾关系的 如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。 （1） He has a lot of books to read. (2) I would like a magazine to look at. (3) Here is some advice for you to follow. (4) Do you have anything else to say? (5) There is no one to take care of. (6) She has nothing to worry about.
过去分词作定语，表语专题练习 Ⅰ.分析下列划线部分在句中做什么成分（过去分词做定语，表语还是表示被动？） 1. The excited children are opening their Christmas presents. 2. This supermarketis now closed. 3. The blackboardwas broken b y Tom. 4. She had aworried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked i nterested in the idea I put forward. 6. The machineproduced last year(= which were produced last year) are very expensive. Ⅱ. Fill the form with proper form. 适当形式填空 1. The animal and plants that they found there were ___________ (astonish) 2. I was___________(astonish) to learn that his long lost child had been found. 3. The ___________ news made us ___________.(disappoint) 4. The ___________ mother went to visit Einstein. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie found h usband’d s eath ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _________(encourage), the girl was determined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a___________ bird (frighten)（惊弓之鸟） 9. The fierce lion looks __________(frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very ___________ (confuse) . Ⅲ. Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book ___________________一( 本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The building _____________(去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem ____________________在( 昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve. 4. The window _________________________被( 那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired 5. The children ________________________昨( 天在医院检查的) were seriously ill. 6. The people _________________暴( 露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 7. The boy __________________________受( 到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student. 8. The water ___________________________送( 到他家的水) carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English ______________(300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists_________________被( 邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa. 11. The students ___________________受( 到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. Ⅳ. 基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. being wounded 2. Lily seems very much___________ in the magazine, but I think i t ’t o s o expensive. A. interested B. interesting C. to interest D. to be interesting 3. All the passengers should remai_n__________ when the plane is making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. to be seating D. seated 4. After her journey from Australia, Sophie Armstrong returned home,___________ A. being exhausted B. exhausting C. exhausted D. having exhausted 5._____ their new album on time, the two famous singers worked far into the night every day. A. Release B. Released C. To release D. Having released 6. The meeting________ next Thursday mainly aims to deal with the problems related to teena
分词作定语 分词作定语时有下面几个特点： 1) 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。 2) 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。 He rushed into the burning house ．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。 The child standing over there is my brother ．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。 The room facing south is our classroom ．朝南的房间是我们的教室。 Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? 分词作定语时的时间关系 一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作 同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？ Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？ 共同点：单个分词做定语放在所修饰名词前(a swimming pool) ；分词短语（就是不仅仅由一个分词构成的用来修饰名词的短语the book written by Luxun ）做后置定语，即放名词后。 用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系 1.现在分词(Ving) 做定语： 从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示1）主动（及物）；2）进行（不及物）。 做定语：相当于一个定语从句(主动) Do you know the boy standing at the door? Do you know the boy who is standing at the door? A developing country needs aids. A country that/which is developing needs aids.
过去分词作定语用法 （Past Participles Used as Attributes） 过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。例如：He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况： 1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。 My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如： They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。 2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。 3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如： Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？ There is noting changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。 4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如： This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。 This is our school-run factory. 这是我们的校办工厂。 5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例如： 原形用作定语的过去分词用作表语或谓语的过去分词 drink drunken drunk
精品文档 考点一、过去分词作定语 1. 单个过去分词作定语。单个过去分词作定语时，常常放在被修饰的词语之前。例如： Autu mn comes, and there are many falle n leaves on the street. We must adapt our thi nki ng to the chan ged con ditio ns. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况 注意：如果单个过去分词所修饰的词语为不定代词nothing,anything,something或指示代词those,this,these等时， 过去分词常常放在被修饰的词语后面。例如： There is nothing cha nged in my hometow n since 1999. 2. 过去分词短语作定语。过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰的词语之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 例如：Most of the guests in vited to my birthday party were my school frien ds. = Most of the guests who were in vited to my birthday party were my school frien ds. The concert give n by their friends was a success. 他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3. 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号. The meeti ng, atte nded by over five thousa nd people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,至U 会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关. The boy looked up with a pleased expressio n. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视 注意区别： 1. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式： the bridge to be built将要建造的桥（表示将来的被动的动作） the bridge being built正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的被动动作） the bridge built造好的桥（表示完成的被动动作） 2. 过去分词和-ing分词作定语的区别： 过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语： boiled water 开水boiling water 正沸腾的水 developed countries 发展的国家developing countries 发展中国家 fallen leaves落叶falling leaves正在飘落的叶子 changed condition 改变了的情况changing condition 变化着的情况 由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。 考点二、过去分词作表语 1. 过去分词用作表语时，通常说明主语所处的状态或感受等。例如： I noticed the doors and windows were locked when I came to see him. She seemed terribly shocked upon hearing the sad news. 过去分词和-ing分词作表语的区别： 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，修饰人；而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，修饰物.如：Heari ng the n ews, we felt very surprised.听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶 The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 They were frighte ned to hear the frighte ning sound. 他们听至U那可怕的声音很害怕。
过去分词作定语，状语以及表语用法 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。过去分词与现在分词作状语 过去分词表完成、被动, 与主句主语之间是被动关系; 现在分词表进行, 主动, 与主句主语之间是主动关系。 如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。 过去分词表完成、被动, 作状语时, 其逻辑主语是主句的主语, 且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间, 原因, 让步, 结果, 方式, 条件等。 观察下列的句子: Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. PP作时间状语, 相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。过去分词作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句，有时为了突出时间，可在分词前加when或while。 1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into water. 2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. 过去分词作原因状语 相当于表示原因的状语从句。 1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. 过去分词作条件或者假设状语 前面可带if，unless等从属连词，相当于条件状语从句。 1.If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 作方式或伴随情况状语 没有相当的状语从句可以代替。 1.The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog. 2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought. lost 表示一种迷失心理状态 Summary 1) 过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。 2) 过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。 过去分词作状语:过去分词有两大特点： 1. 表示被动的动作； 2. 表示已经完成的动作, 因此, 当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－
过去分词作定语 1. 单个过去分词作定语, 通常前置 a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义。 a broken cup a wounded soldier an unexpected guest the excited crowd b. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。 a retired officer C. 合成的过去分词 a much-needed reform state-owned enterprises 2. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。 a letter written in pencil = a letter which was written in pencil the machines produced last year 过去分词与现在分词的区别： 1 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动The falling leaves the fallen leaves 2 时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在 进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。 过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表 示的动作” 或“ 没有一定的时间性” 1.Do you know the boy ____(lie) under the big tree? 2. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily ____(point) to the notice. 3 The woman _____(sell) vegetables has gone. 4.The wheat is watered by water _____(bring) from a pond. 5. He is a leader________ (respect) by the people. 3 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式 (being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个 完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作. the problem discussed yesterday The problem being discussed 1. We lived in the house __built by my uncles ________________ (我舅舅们修建的). 2. Any medicine ___taken_____(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. 3. We spent two hours discussing the plan __made by her __ ______________ (她制定的).
过去分词专题练习 I ?分析下列划线部分的用法(过去分词做定语，表语以及被动) 1. The excited childre n are ope ning their Christmas prese nts. 2. This supermarketis now closed 3. The blackboardwas broken by Tom. 4. She had aworried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked in terested in the idea I put forward. 6. The mach in eproduced last yea(二 which were produced last year) are very expe nsive. n . Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The ani mal and pla nts that they found there were _________ (ast oni sh) 2. I was _________ (ast oni sh) to lear n that his long lost child had bee n found. 3. The __________ n ews made us ___________ .(disappoi nt) 4. The __________ mother went to visit Ein stei n. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie foundhusband' d s ath ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _______ (en courage), the girl was determ ined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a _________ bird (frighten)(惊弓之鸟) 9. The fierce lion looks _________ (frighte n). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very __________ (con fuse). 川.Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book __________________ 一本农民写的书)is very popular. 2. The building ___________ 去年建的楼房)now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem __________________ 在昨天会议上讨论的)was very difficult to solve. 4. The window ________________________ 被那个顽皮男孩打破的)is being repaired 5. The children ______________________ 昨天在医院检查的)were seriously ill. 6. The people ________________ 暴露在阳光下的)got sun bur nt. 7. The boy _________________________ 受至U老师严厉惩罚的)is now a college student. 8. The water _________________________ 送到他家的水)carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English _____________ (300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists ________________ 被邀请去参加聚会的)were from South Africa. 11. The students _________________ 受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. IV .基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______ s oldiers. A. wound B. woun ded C. wounding D. being woun ded 2. Lily seems very much ________ in the magazine, but I think it 'tc s expensive. A. i nterested B. i nteresti ng C. to in terest D. to be in terest ing 3. All the passe ngers should remain ______ whe n the pla ne is maki ng a landing.