高考短文改错 第一章 名词讲解与练习学案(无答案)

英语必修4译林牛津Unit 1精品学案（0）短文改错解题技巧指导Unit one Advertising解题技巧指导短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：一．通篇阅读语篇,整体把握短文意思,始终以理解为主线,以上下文为依据找出句中的错误。

许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其正确与否，错误何在，故必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句或者对该行作出判断。

二．以句为单位，找行中错误，开始答题时要把每一行都看成有错来判断（错词、多词、缺词），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。

具体解题过程中，应该注意把握下列几个方面的一致问题：一)．时态一致对时态的考查是历年高考短文改错题必考的考点之一,一般为一到两题.主要检查考生是否具有判断短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文、特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致的能力。

例1． I remembered her words and calm down.(NMET'00)根据上文中的 remembered 得知时间是在过去，所以 calm 的时态应与上文保持一致，应该改为 calmed。

例2．Time passes quickly. Evening came. (NMET'03)通篇的时态是过去时，所以应把passes 改为passed.二)．主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。

例1．Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(NMET'00)my picture and the prize是复数，其谓语也应该用复数。

这里的is 应改为are。

例 2．Their word were a great encouragement to me.(NMET'03)此句的主语word与谓语明显不一致，应将 word改为words. 此题也是由谓语反过来判断主语，是不是现在出题的一种趋向，笔者不敢妄下结论。

单句改错考察类型:1. 多词1〕不可数名词泛指时,多冠词,或不可数名词/抽象名词,多不当修饰词.2〕谓语动词多不当助动词3〕感官使役动词后不定式作宾语补足语时多了to4〕不是从句却加了关系词或连接词5〕及物动词后多了介词或副词6〕比拟级前多词7〕词义重叠 / 冗词错误8〕作时间状语的名词短语前多了介词9〕固定搭配中多词2. 缺词1〕可数名词前缺限定词2〕动词不定式缺to3〕不及物动词后缺介词或副词4〕固定搭配中缺词50被动语态缺助动词be 6〕句子成分残缺(一般缺谓语动词或动词)3.错词1〕不定冠词a / an、定冠词或物主代词错误2〕可数名词复数少了－s3〕动词时态与时间状语〔或上下文〕不一致4〕语态错误5〕非谓语动词形式错误6〕主谓不一致7〕代词和名词不一致8〕词义辨析错误9〕介词与名词、动词或形容词搭配错误10〕连词错误11〕词类错误12〕关系代词或关系副词错误13〕逻辑错误14〕固定搭配和习惯用法错误短文改错口诀动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓动词细区分，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注。

一、动词形主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。

例如：My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. isNow my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。

找出此类错误的关键是树立结实的时态概念，注意短文容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。

二、名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。

常表现为将名词复数写成单数。

例如：…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects三、区分形和副即区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。

第一部分/专题14 短文改错考纲展示命题探究基础点1 常见的错误形式(1)多词多余的词，往往是结构词，如冠词、介词、代词等。

一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点、搭配和含义判断是否多了冠词、介词或副词。

另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断是否多了连词或其他词。

(如下表)命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词抽象名词、物质名词泛指时是否多了冠词动词介词及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词不定式小品词to 不定式前是否多了应该省略的“to〞时间状语介词时间状语中是否多用了介词形容词、比较结构形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了相似词副词固定搭配惯用法固定搭配是否“画蛇添足〞漏掉的往往是冠词、介词、连词等虚词。

这又与前后词的搭配有关。

见到名词，应考虑是否缺了冠词；见到动词，应注意后面是否少了应与之搭配的介词或其他词。

见到某些固定搭配，如in front of, as soon as，应考虑是否完整。

不是固定搭配的，也要注意英语行文习惯或逻辑上的搭配。

如英语不可说“She shook head.〞，而应说“She shook herhead.〞。

(如下表)错词的类型复杂，不胜枚举。

但常见的还是搭配错误与语法错误，特别是平时写作时常出的错误最易为命题者所关注。

对于平时常常疏忽、常常出错的地方要精心改正，做题时更要小心仔细。

(如下表)(1)动词：动词错误在短文改错中包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误；动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式错误等。

典例1 I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.________________________________________________________________________ [答案]buy→buying句子的主干为“I was at the Shanghai Railway Station〞，而“buy a ticket to Hangzhou〞为非谓语动词短语作状语，句中的主语I与动词buy之间为主谓关系，所以应用现在分词形式。

国教中心2019-2020学年高三下期英语二轮复习专题学案短文改错（一）编写人：苗爽审定人：李敏使用时间：2020.02.17短文改错对考生的要求较高，是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查，考生在该项上往往失分较多，短文改错其实不难，很多错误都是一些我们常见的错误，同时也是我们经常会犯的错误。

那么如何做好改错题，我们除了平时打好基础外，在应考时还要做到以下三步：1.通读全文,理解文章短文改错不同于单句改错，它涉及行文逻辑以及句与句之间的必要联系。

因此，做题时首先要通读全文，把握文章大意及上下文之间的联系。

认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。

根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，启承转合是否符合文意等。

2.分句阅读，先易后难,找出明错目的是了解句子结构，理清修饰关系，准确把握句子含义，找出错误。

综合运用所学语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或删词)。

3.句群阅读目的是查找行文逻辑错误，审查句与句间的逻辑关系是否准确。

4.深入审读，验证答案记住多词、漏词、错词的数量比例，改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。

再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。

因为有时就一个句子来看可能在两个地方修改都说地过去，但在上下文中可能只能在一处修改才正确。

答题五原则：（1）以改变实词形式为原则.（2）以单词形式变化最小为原则.（3）以添删或更换虚词为原则.（4）以多“改正”少“添删”为原则．（5）以保持原意不变为原则．答题四不改（1）标点符号不改。

（2）大小写不改。

（3）词序错误不改。

（4）单词拼写不改。

短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副;非谓语，细辨别，句子成份多分析;代词格，细领悟，介词短语要牢记;冠词连词常光顾，逻辑错误须关注.在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类：一、考点设置之名词命题特点：名词的单复数误用。

短文改错指导学案——基础与能力临邑一中舒焱I. 考纲解读短文改错题是高考中知识和能力的综合测试题型。

主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的能力，考查考生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。

高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等。

Ⅱ三年高考错误类型分析结合以上表格，深入分析，总结出题规律,明确答题技巧与方法Ⅲ做题原则1.改变形式以“实词”居多2.添删以“虚词”居多3.多“改正”少“添删”4.改后要保持原意不变5.小心局部通顺陷阱Ⅳ学习目标Ⅴ课内探究---跟踪训练一. 直击高考After shopping, Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch. I notice Mother looking at a nearby tableoccupy by an elderly woman and young couple. They ate silently, and it was clearly that thing were not going well. As we left, Mother stopped on their table. “Excuse me,” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman. “You remind me so many of my mother. May I hug ”(拥抱) you?” The woman smiled happily as she accepted it. After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. So I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me.” said Mother cheerfully.二．讨论探究1. The mistakes I haven’t found are ___________ __________ __________.2 . What types of the mistakes are they ?三．典型错例诊断（全国卷三年高考）（一）词法（A）“小词”增删1. The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. （2013课标卷II）2. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. （2014课标卷II）3. As result ,the plants are growing everywhere . (2014新课标卷Ⅰ)（B）“介词”搭配4. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. （2014新课标卷Ⅱ）5 Interestingly, it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. （2013课标卷II）（C）“形副”词形5. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. （2014新课标卷Ⅱ）7. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! (2014新课标卷Ⅰ)8 . I learned early in life that 1had to be more patient and little aggressive . （2012新课标卷）（D）“实词”一致【讨论探究】根据下列原则，小组讨论并判断句子中的错误属于哪一类型的错误1）名词的单复数一致2）代词的指代一致3）并列连词前后词形一致4）非谓动词与逻辑主语一致5）主谓一致6）时态语态一致【一致训练】9. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. （2014新课标卷Ⅱ）_____________________一致10. When I finally arrived at my friend's he lent me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could changemy clothes at last.（2011·全国新课标卷）_____________________一致11. My dream school look like a big garden. （2014新课标卷Ⅱ）_____________________一致12 I was happy when the toys worked , but when things went wrong ,I got angry and broke it（2012新课标卷）_____________________一致13I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and a young couple._____________________一致14 My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. （2011·全国新课标卷）_____________________一致15 We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. （2014新课标卷Ⅱ）_____________________一致【触类旁通】16 Luckily I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.（2011·全国新课标卷）_____________________一致17 Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. （2011·全国II）_____________________一致18. In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013新课标卷Ⅰ)19 Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.20 But before long they began to see which was happening（2012新课标卷）（三）行文逻辑2 He had a deep voice , which set himself apart from others in our small town , and he was strong and powerful .(2013新课标卷Ⅰ)四：小试牛刀（2011 全国卷）Dear GeorgeIt’s been a week after we left your family and we are now back home .Thank you very much for showing them around your city and provide us with the wonderfully meals . After we said goodbye for you , we went to Washington D.C., where we stayed for three days . My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of day . Besides , my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon . It was really a nice experience . If you’d like to make trip to our city some day , I will be very happy to be your guide .YoursMikeⅥ：高考导航1注重基础知识和基本技能的掌握。

高考英语短文改错分类解析—名词一、考点规律分析短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。

二、真题单句归纳(1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. ________(全国卷)(2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. ________ (全国卷)(3) There are branch library in many villages. ________ (全国卷)(4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. ________ (全国卷)(5) Today I visited the Smiths —my first time visit to an American family. ________ (全国卷)(6) They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. ________全国卷)(7) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. ________ (全国卷)(8) …and often watch football match on TV together. ________ (全国卷)(9) Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! ________北京春季卷)(10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. ________ (全国卷)(11) I used to love science class —all of them—biology, chemistry, geography, physics. ________ (北京春季卷)(12) They did not want me to do any work at family. ________ (全国卷)(13) …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. ________ (全国卷)(14) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. ________ (全国卷)(15) No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. ________ (北京春季卷)(16) Their word were a great encouragement to me. ________ (全国卷)(17) You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”________ (江苏卷)(18) …but after class we become stranger at once. ________ (全国卷)(19) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. ________ (广西卷)(20) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby…________ (浙江卷)(21) She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when…________ (福建卷)(22) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. ________ (湖北卷)三、模拟单句演练(1) Women live longer than men in most country. ________(2) The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. ________(3) It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out. ________(4) The children spend a lot of times watching TV. ________(5) I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. ________(6) The flower in the park were all pleasing. ________(7) As the day went by, she became less anxious. ________(8) Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country. ________(9) It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. ________(10) He made his first time visit to China when he was 18. ________(11) Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear. ________(12) He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here. ________(13) I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there. ________(14) He’s getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures. ________(15) There’s a paper’s factory near our school. ________四：实战练习：（一）Later in April, a photo show was holding in our school. 76.______ It was great success! All the photos were taken by 77.______ the students themselves. There were both black-and-white 78.______ and color photos, presented our school life, the beauty of 79.______ nature, festival activities and so on. All the work of arts 80.______ were for show in the reading room on the second floor. 81.______ Every day, the large number of students went to enjoy it and 82.______ they were surprised to find out that the pictures were too wonderful. 83.______ Those their photos were chosen the best were given unexpected 84.______ prizes. In short, this photo show really make our life colorful. 85.______（二）A friend of me, once noticing the careless way in which 76.______ I kept paper money in various pockets, many of it lost among 77.______ letters and other papers in my breast pocket, say to me, 78.______ “You have no sense about money. You don’t know how to keep79.______ it.” and presented me with a wallet when I was on the eve80.______ going to abroad. I put all my paper money in the wallet, 81.______ felt that I was a practical man at last. Within a week, 82.______ unfortunately, a more practical pickpocket tried to get 83.______ hold of the wallet and robbed me of far larger quantity than 84.______ any pickpocket had never succeeded in taking from me in my 85.______ more unpractical days.。

高考英语语法改错题讲解和练习高考短文改错的短文通常只有110个词左右，文体都为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文（以书信为主）。

所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，文字浅显易明白，句子结构简单，差不多上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句，语言地道，符合英语语言适应，各种错误所占比例为，1:1:8 (多词：缺词：错词)。

答题原则：1. 规范性原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错，要记住表示错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除的符号，切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。

2. 四不改原则，（1）单词拼写不改；（2）大小写不改；（3）词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)；（4）标点符号不改。

四改动原则: (1)忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意)；（2）错误以改动最少为原则；（3）虚词以添加或删除原则；（4）实词以改变形式为原则。

考点：短文改错的错误要紧是以下两方面:一、语法方面。

要紧考查动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、名词和代词的各种形式、主谓一致、冠词、连词、介词、词形（指应该用动词、名词、形容词依旧副词形式，以及平行结构中的词的正确形式）二、行文逻辑方面。

要紧考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词。

句子的并列、递进、转折、因果关系和时刻的先后顺序等。

常考:一、冠词二、名词三、谓语动词四、非谓语动词五、形容词、副词六、代词七、介词八、复合句、并列句的连接词、连词Warm Up冠词讲练（15全国Ⅰ）but I miss my home in countryside.（15全国Ⅱ）A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.（14全国Ⅰ）As result, the plants are growing somewhere.（14全国Ⅱ）There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.（14辽宁）Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.自练1. I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.2. Good health is person’s most valuable possession.3. There is public library in every town in Britain.4. Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.5. For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery.固定搭配1. Some wanted to see the program while others preferred another.2. I’ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthda y.3. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.4. We may be one family and live under a same roof.5. My teacher advised me to keep my diary.名词【数】（15全国Ⅰ）The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier.（15全国Ⅱ）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with hi s parent.自练A group of sheeps are eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill.The book will give you all the informations you need.注意单复数同形：fish, dear, sheep, means, Chinese, Japanese等不可数：furniture, fun, homework, paper, news, progress, trouble, advi ce, information, work, equipment等In their opinions, they should have more holidays.记清一些用于固定词组中名词的专门用法，如in one’s opinion, keep one's word, take measures to do sth, take action to do sth备考重点:1.分清可数名词不可数名词；2. 搞清可数名词的复数规则专门牢记不规则可数名词的复数；3. 熟记大纲中固定短语中的名词单复数形式。

高考英语短文改错专题教案[教学]第一章：短文改错概述1.1 短文改错定义解释短文改错的概念和重要性强调高考英语短文改错的要求和评分标准1.2 短文改错类型介绍常见的短文改错类型，如拼写错误、语法错误、用词不当等举例说明每种类型的错误特点和修改方法1.3 短文改错技巧分享有效的短文改错技巧，如仔细阅读、对比分析、查找规律等第二章：词汇错误改错2.1 拼写错误分析常见的拼写错误原因，如音似形似词混淆、字母遗漏或多余等练习修改给出的句子中的拼写错误，并提供正确拼写选项2.2 词义辨析讲解易混淆的词义，如affect和effect、bored和boring等通过练习题让学生区分词义，并提供正确选项2.3 词语搭配介绍常见的词语搭配错误，如“make a progress”应为“make progress”练习修改句子中的搭配错误，并提供正确搭配选项第三章：语法错误改错3.1 句子结构错误讲解句子结构的基本原则，如主谓一致、主语缺失等练习修改句子结构错误，并提供正确句子结构选项3.2 时态和语态错误分析常见的时态和语态错误，如过去时与现在时的混淆等练习修改句子中的时态和语态错误，并提供正确选项3.3 情态动词和助动词错误讲解情态动词和助动词的正确使用，如can和may的区分等练习修改句子中的情态动词和助动词错误，并提供正确选项第四章：句子连接错误改错4.1 逻辑连接词错误讲解逻辑连接词的重要性，如however、in addition等练习修改句子中的逻辑连接词错误，并提供正确选项4.2 平行结构错误分析常见的平行结构错误，如“He likes to watch TV and listen music”应改为“He likes to watch TV and listen to music”练习修改句子中的平行结构错误，并提供正确选项4.3 指代错误讲解指代词的正确使用，如代词的一致性和指代明确等练习修改句子中的指代错误，并提供正确选项第五章：综合练习与拓展5.1 改错练习题引导学生独立完成练习题，并给予解答和反馈5.2 拓展阅读推荐一些适合高考学生的英语阅读材料，以提高阅读能力和语感指导学生如何从拓展阅读中学习和应用改错技巧5.3 总结与复习总结本专题的主要内容和改错技巧鼓励学生进行复习和自主练习，巩固所学知识第六章：高考真题解析6.1 近年高考短文改错真题回顾分析近几年的高考英语短文改错真题，总结出题规律和难度趋势强调真题的重要性，指导学生如何利用真题进行备考6.2 真题类型和解题策略详细解析不同类型的真题，如故事类、说明类、议论文类等分享解题策略，如先易后难、排查法、逻辑分析法等6.3 真题模拟练习提供一份高考真题模拟练习，让学生familiarize themselves with 高考短文改错的题型和难度引导学生独立完成练习，并给予解答和反馈第七章：学生作文常见错误分析7.1 学生作文常见错误分类分析学生作文中的常见错误，如词汇错误、语法错误、连接词错误等举例说明每种错误的特点和影响7.2 错误原因和修改策略探讨学生犯错的原因，如语言基础不扎实、粗心大意等提供相应的修改策略，如回头检查、请教老师同学等7.3 作文改错实战演练提供一份学生作文样本，标注出其中的错误引导学生进行作文改错练习，提高学生的作文质量和改错能力第八章：高考英语短文改错策略8.1 改错步骤和技巧介绍高考英语短文改错的步骤和技巧，如快速浏览、细节检查等强调每个步骤的重要性，指导学生如何有效地进行改错8.2 时间管理和心理调适分享如何在考试中合理分配时间进行短文改错，提高答题效率讨论考试中的心理压力和应对策略，帮助学生保持冷静和专注8.3 考前冲刺建议给出考前冲刺阶段的建议，如加强真题练习、总结错题等第九章：高考英语短文改错模拟试题9.1 模拟试题设计设计一份具有针对性的高考英语短文改错模拟试题确保试题质量，提高学生的应试能力9.2 模拟考试和答案解析安排一次模拟考试，让学生熟悉考试环境和时间压力提供详细的答案解析，帮助学生理解和巩固改错技巧第十章：总结与展望10.1 专题总结回顾整个高考英语短文改错专题，总结重点和难点强调学生通过本专题的学习，应掌握的改错技巧和策略10.2 展望未来鼓励学生继续努力学习和实践，不断提高自己的英语水平提醒学生高考英语短文改错并非一蹴而就，需要长期积累和训练10.3 鼓励和祝福对学生表达鼓励和祝福，希望他们在高考中取得优异的成绩重点解析本文档为高考英语短文改错专题教案，共十章。