English Literature考试题型：
1.填空
2.选择（1和2共50分）
3.作品分析3道题/30分
4.论述题2道题/20分
（老师说：填空选择主要以文学史，文学大家及他们的主要作品，文学主张等形式呈现；而作品分析以简答题形式出现）
1: Introduction
2: Old and Medieval English Literature: Beowulf（the earliest English Epic）, Sir Gawain, Chaucer (1): General prologue （结合参考资料Lecture 2)
3: Chaucer (2) -- The Wife of Bath’s Tale. （注意讲故事的人与故事之间的relationship)
4: Renaissance: Sonnets ---Shakespeare, Spenser (Sonnet 18,29, 75, 34,54)
5: Shakespeare: Drama (Merchant of Venice)
6: Shakespeare: Drama (Hamlet)
7: 17th Century—Revolution and Restoration: Metaphysical poets (John Donne and Marvel’s "To his coy mistress") .(For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway came from one a poem of John Donne：A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning.)
8: 17th Century: John Donne’s Forb idding Mourning
John Milton’s Paradise Lost , On His Blindness
John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress(Just knowing that this work is written by
this author is OK)
名利场
9: 18th Century（现实主义的兴起）:Daniel Defoe（Robinson Crusoe)
Jonathan Swift(Gulliver’s Travels)
Thomas Gray(Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard)（The title of the book “Far From the Madding Crowd” by Thomas Hardy came from “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”)
10: Romanticism: Wordsworth (Lines----- Tintern Abbey)
Wordsworth(I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud) 注意本作品反映出的自然观
11: Romanticism（早期浪漫主义）:Byron(Don Juan)
Shelley(Ode to the West Wind)
John Keats(Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale)
Walter Scott: Historical story and novel : 十字军英雄记
12: Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice （基于金钱上的爱情与婚姻）
13: Victorian novelists (Critical realism):Charles Dickens(Early stage)
Works:Oliver Twist, Hard Times, The Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations
George Eliot(Middle stage)
Works:The Mill on the Floss
Thomas Hardy(Late stage,or early stage of the
twentieth century)
Works ：Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)，Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891)，Jude the Obscure (1895)
Victorian novelists(Critical realism):William Makepeace Thackeray(Vanity Fair)
Charlotte Bronte(Jane Eyre)
14: Victorian Poets: Alfred, Lord Tennyson(Ulysses; Break,break,Break)
Robert Browning & Elizabeth Browning(My Last Duchess).
15: Introduction to 20th century literature: Yeats, Hardy, C onrad’s Heart of darkness, James Joyce’s The Dead, Woolf’s Mrs. Ale Dalloway
上课内容：
1：简介
2：中古世纪英国文学：贝尔武夫（最早的英国史诗），高文（加文）骑士/爵士，乔叟（英国诗人）——坎特伯雷故事集（1）General prologue （对于叙述者的介绍）
3：乔叟——坎特伯雷故事集（2）巴斯的老婆
4：文艺复兴时期：十四行诗——莎士比亚，斯宾塞（意大利式风格—Petrarch 皮特拉克、英式风格—Shakespeare 莎士比亚）
5：莎士比亚戏剧——威尼斯商人
6：莎士比亚戏剧——哈姆雷特
7：十七世纪——革命与复辟：玄学派诗人（约翰.邓恩和马维尔——致羞赧的情人：见背景知识补充）(海明威的《丧钟为谁而鸣》来源于约翰.邓恩的一首诗)
8：十七世纪：约翰.多恩——《莫悲伤》
约翰.弥尔顿——《失乐园》、《哀失明》
约翰.班扬——《天路历程》（只了解《天路历程》是约翰.班扬写的就好）9：十八世纪：丹尼尔.笛福——《鲁滨逊漂流记》
乔纳森.斯威夫特——《格列佛游记》
托马斯.格雷——《墓园哀歌》（托马斯.哈代的《远离尘嚣》这一书名出自
托马斯.格雷的《墓园哀歌》）
10：浪漫主义：华兹华斯——《丁登寺旁》
《我似浮云天自游》
11：浪漫主义：拜伦——《唐璜》
雪莱——《西风颂》
约翰.济慈——《希望古瓮颂》、《夜莺颂》
12：简奥斯丁——《傲慢与偏见》
13：维多利亚时代（小说家）（批判现实主义）——狄更斯Dickens(早期代表人物）
作品：《雾都孤儿》、《艰难时世》、《双城记》、《远大前程》
乔治.艾略特（中期代表人物）
作品：《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》
托马斯.哈代Thomas Hardy 《德伯家的苔丝》《远离尘嚣》《无名的裘德》
维多利亚时代（小说家）（批判现实主义）：萨克雷（《名利场》）
夏洛蒂.勃朗特（《简爱》）
14：维多利亚时代（诗歌）：丁尼生——《尤利西斯》，《溅吧，溅吧，溅吧》
罗伯特.勃朗宁& 伊丽莎白.勃朗——《我的前公爵夫人》15：二十世纪文学介绍：叶芝（曾获诺贝尔文学奖），哈代，康拉德《黑暗之心》，詹姆斯.乔伊斯《尤利西斯》Ulysses，伍尔夫《达洛维夫人》
Old and Medieval English Literature，Renaissance，17th Century，18th Century，Romanticism，
Victorian Age, 20th century literature。
Chaucer: Canterbury Tales (结合参考资料PPT 2)
1.Why is the collection called "Canterbury Tales"? What is the framework of this
collection?
为什么这一部故事集叫做《坎特伯雷故事集》？它的框架结构是什么？篇章是通过什么结合的？
答：《坎特伯雷故事集》是英国作家乔叟的小说。作品描写一群香客聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23 个故事，广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。篇章通过“朝圣”结合。
Reference answer: On the way to Canterbury for pilgrimage, a group of people of different social classes gathered together and told stories in turn. In this way, this collection got its name. The framework is pilgrimage.
2.In what season did the pilgrimage take place? Why do you think the author put the event
in this time of the year?
朝圣是在什么季节进行的？为什么作者要把朝圣安排在一年的春季？
答：朝圣是在春季进行的。因为春季是一年的开端，代表着新生的季节，充满朝气与活力。
Reference answer: Pilgrimage took place in spring. Because as the beginning of a year, spring represents new birth and is full of passion and energy.
3.What kind of person is the squire (the knight's son)? What does he symbolize?
骑士的儿子是一个怎样的人？他代表了什么？
答：骑士的儿子是一个二十岁左右的年轻人，他衣着光鲜、仪容整洁、举止优雅。他是一个精力充沛而且拥有成为一名真正的骑士梦想。同时，他也渴望着宫廷式的爱情。
Reference answer: The squire is near 20 years old. The young man is well-dressed, good looking and well mannered. He is also an energetic and passionate youth who holds the dream of becoming a knight and enjoying court love.
4.From the description given in the General Prologue, What do you know about the nun?
根据人物介绍中的描述，你认为修女是一个怎样的人？
答：修女受过良好的教育，能够流利的使用法语。她对于餐礼仪十分严格小心、十分优雅。她表现出仁慈与爱心，多愁善感，甚至有点矫揉造作。她外表美丽、衣着整洁而时尚。
Reference answer: The nun is well educated and speaks good French. She also knows how to behave properly and elegantly at table. She shows pity and love towards tiny things in daily life, which reflects her mercy and sensitivity and mincement. Beautiful in appearance, she is careful about the tidiness and fashion of clothe.
5.Retell the Wife of Bath's Tale. It is said that there is a fascinating accord between the
story tellers and the tales they tell in Canterbury Tales, how can you see this in Wife of Bath's Tale?
复述巴斯老婆所讲的故事。在坎特伯雷故事集中，故事的叙述者与故事有着神奇的关系，在巴斯老婆的故事中你是如何看待这一点的？
答：具体故事见背景知识补充第四条。
巴斯的老婆是一个思想开放的女人，她有过5 个丈夫。纵使人们对她的行为持以鄙夷的态度，但她丝毫不改变自己的生活作风，而是延续及时享乐的作风。她是一个知识渊博而又长于雄辩的女人，在论述自己观点是引经据典，经常引用圣经。而在她所描述的故事中，亚瑟王的骑士所娶的女人是一个外表丑陋但是头脑睿智、反应灵敏的女人。当她在新婚之夜发现丈夫嫌弃她相貌丑陋时，她以心灵和智慧之美，通过雄辩说服了她的丈夫，最终两人白头偕老。在巴斯老婆故事中的女主角也是一个知识渊博、长于雄辩的女人，她们的共同特点就是头脑睿智、反应灵敏。
Sonnets:
1.What is a sonnet? What do you know about the Petrarchan sonnet and Shakespearean
sonnet? (结合参考资料Lecture 4)
什么是十四行诗？你对彼特拉克十四行诗和莎士比亚十四行诗了解多少？
答：十四行诗是押运抒情的诗歌，总行数为14 行。其大致分为两个流派：意大利式风格、英式风格，分别以彼特拉克和莎士比亚为重要代表。这两个流派的主要不同点在于分节和押韵方式的不同。意大利十四行诗分为两段，先八后六。前八句韵牌是a-b-b-a，a-b-b-a。后六句有两种，c-d-e-c-d-e，或者c-d-c-c-d-c。而英国类分为3 段四句加最后两句，韵牌是a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g，或者a-b-a-b, b-c-b-c, c-d-c-d, e-e。详细解说见背景知识补充。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1a4553265.html,pare Shakespeare's sonnet 18 and Spenser's sonnet 75, what do they have in common?
What is the difference in rhyme in these two poets' sonnets? Try to read the iambic pentameter lines with the stress put in proper places.
详细解说见背景知识补充。
1.十四行诗意大利十四行诗意大利十四行诗分为两段，先八后六。前八句韵牌是
a-b-b-a，a-b-b-a。后六句有两种，c-d-e-c-d-e，或者c-d-c-c-d-c。第九句不止改韵牌，很多时候题目或感觉也不一样。
意大利十四行诗的规则由Guittone d'Arezzo (1235 年- 1294 年)所建，他自己写了将近300 首。最著名的早期十四行诗人是Francesco Petrarca (1304 年- 1374 年)。别的意大利诗人也写了一些十四行诗，如Dante Alighieri (1265 年- 1321 年) 和Guido Cavalcanti (~1250 年- 1300 年)。
英国十四行诗
莎士比亚十四行诗
意大利十四行诗传入英国之后，结构改变。英国类分为3 段四句加最后两句。最后的两句通常与前面的大不相同，比意大利类第九句改变更厉害。一般英国十四行诗的韵牌是a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g，或者a-b-a-b, b-c-b-c, c-d-c-d, e-e。
5.莎士比亚的十四行诗
75
So are you to my thoughts as food to life,
你之于我思，犹食之于命，
Or as sweet-season'd showers are to the ground;
或有如大地亟盼之甘霖；
And for the peace of you I hold such strife
我忐忑不安，为求你安宁，
As 'twixt a miser and his wealth is found.
财迷与财富－怎生搞定！
Now proud as an enjoyer, and anon
自视享有者－适才还骄傲，
Doubting the filching age will steal his treasure; 旋恐年华悄逝－如失财宝；
Now counting best to be with you alone,
刚认为与你独处乃最好，
Then better'd that the world may see my pleasure: 忽又觉招摇过市或更妙。
Sometime all full with feasting on your sight,
从前曾瞩视你，秀色饱餐，
And by and by clean starved for a look;
渐渐又饿极了，瞄上一眼；
Possessing or pursuing no delight,
占有与追求皆意趣索然，
Save what is had, or must from you be took.
除非你已赐或该施恩典。
Thus do I pine and surfeit day by day,
如此，我沉湎，且日渐憔悴，
Or gluttoning on all, or all away.
或暴食狂饮，或百无一味。
18
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;
And every fair from fair sometime declines, chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this and this gives life to thee.
我可能把你和夏天相比拟？
你比夏天更可爱更温和：
狂风会把五月的花苞吹落地，
夏天也嫌太短促，匆匆而过：
有时太阳照得太热，
常常又遮暗他的金色的脸；
美的事物总不免要凋落，
偶然的，或是随自然变化而流转。
但是你的永恒之夏不会褪色；
你不会失去你的俊美的仪容；
死神不能夸说你在他的阴影里面走着，
如果你在这不朽的诗句里获得了永生；
只要人们能呼吸，眼睛能看东西，此诗就会不朽，使你永久生存下去。
Hamlet: (结合参考资料Lecture 5)
1.What is the main idea of Hamlet's famous soliloque "To Be or not to be"?
哈姆雷特的独白"To Be or not to be"所反映的主题是什么？
答：原文及其翻译见背景知识补充 2 。这一段独白描述了哈姆雷特对于生存和死亡的思考。它从一定程度上表现出了哈姆雷特的厌世心理，同时刻画出哈姆雷特对于未知的死亡的恐惧。
Reference Answer：The soliloque describes the Hamlet’s thinking towards living and death. To some extent, it also reveals the worl d weariness in Hamlet’s heart as well as fear towards death.
2.In Hamlet (Scene II, Act V), what excuse did Hamlet give for the wrongs he did to
Laertes?
在第二场第五幕中，哈姆雷特是怎么样解释自己对雷欧提斯的无礼的？
答：哈姆雷特解释说是疯狂使得自己曾对雷欧提斯无礼，而并不是他自己的本愿。Reference Answer：Hamlet explains that it is the madness instead of his motive or intention to do Laertes wrong.
3.What’s the cause of Hamlet’s suicide?
哈姆雷特自杀的原因是什么？
答：他认为死亡是一切事物的终结。
Reference Answer：He thinks death can put an end to all.
4.What stops Hamlet’s suicid e?
什么因素阻止了哈姆雷特自杀？
答：对未知死亡的恐惧。
Reference Answer: The fear towards death.
Merchant of Venice: (结合参考资料Lecture 6)
1.What do you think of Shylock, the money lender? Do you think the punishment for him is
fair?
你是怎样看待夏洛克的？你认为他所受到的惩罚是公平的么？
答：夏洛克虽然贪婪吝啬，为人刻薄残忍，但他的性格也是由于不公平的社会现象（对于犹太人的歧视）所造成了。对他的惩罚确实太过严厉、不够公平，因为最终的惩罚不仅让他失去了所有的财产而无法维持生计，同时也让他失去了宗教的信仰而失去了生存的尊严。
Reference Answer ：Although Shylock is mean and greedy, tough and cruel, his characteristics are formed in the unfair society, esp. the discrimination against Jews. The punishment for him is severe and fatal. It deprives all his wealth so that he can hardly make a living and his religious belief so that he loses the dignity of living.
2.In Scene I of Act IV in The Merchant of Venice, Portia made a wonderful speech, trying
to persuade Shylock to be merciful. According to Portia, why should one be merciful?
在威尼斯商人的第一场第四幕中，波西亚做了一个精彩的演讲，试图说服夏洛克让他变得仁慈。在波西亚看来，为什么人们应该仁慈？
答：详细译文见背景知识补充2。波西亚主要从三方面说明了仁慈的重要性：①仁慈是自愿的行为，它使得施受者都得到益处②仁慈的力量是高于权利的③如果没有仁慈之心，那么所有人都不能得到救赎。4.上帝是仁慈的，应该效仿上帝。
Reference Answer：Portia explains the importance of mercy mainly in three aspects. First, mercy is the not restricted to some people, and it is like a two-way road which brings benefits to both giver and receiver. Then, mercy is stronger than power.Next, in the course of justice, nobody can see salvation without a merciful heart.Finally,The God is merciful, so people should follow the example of him.
The 17th and the 18th Century (结合参考资料PPT7 )
1.The metaphysical poets are well known for their use of metaphors, or conceits. In John
Donne's "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning", what does the image of a pair of twin compasses mean?
玄学派诗歌以暗喻（奇喻）和联想（巧思）著称。在约翰邓恩的《临别寄语：莫悲伤》中，圆规的意象代表了什么？
答：在该诗歌中，圆规的两条腿代表了一对恋人。就算一方要暂时离开，另一方也不会放弃，而是在原地等候。恋人的灵魂就像圆规的两条腿一样，是一体的。缺少了对方，人生也就不能画出一个完美的圆。
Reference Answer：In the poem, the poet compares a couple to the two legs of a pair of twin compasses. Even separated, neither will give up. The souls of a couple are one. Without the other, the circle of life can never be just.
2.In the Book I of Paradise Lost, what is the main idea of Satan’s speech?
在《失乐园》的第一章中。撒旦的说辞的主题是什么？
答：撒旦的主题是不会沉沦于失败，更不会屈服在上帝的权力之下。他会继续报复并致力于推翻上帝的统治。
Reference Answer：Satan mainly states his idea that he will never yield to failure nor give in to God. On the contrary, he will take revenge and dedicate to overthrowing God.
3.What’s the theme of On His Blindness?
《哀失明》的主题是什么？
答：上帝不需要人们做什么，只要服从上帝管教即可。
Reference Answer：God judges people on whether they labor for him to the best of their
ability. People who only stand and wait also serve.
4.The 19th Century What does Gulliver's experience in Lilliput tell?
格列佛在小人国的经历想说明什么？
答：格列佛发现小人国的统治者们也像当时欧洲国家的统治者一样贪婪、无情、充满野心，写出了对欧洲国家政治制度的讽刺。
Reference Answer:
Gulliver found that Lilliput's rulers were greedy, ruthless and full of ambition, just like the rulers of European countries then. It’s a satire on the political system. of European countries at that time.
1.Wordsworth's ideas on nature in Tintern Abbey. What has he got from the memory of
nature? What stages has he undergone in his relationship with nature? What are his exhortations to his sister?
华兹华斯对于丁登寺附近的自然景色又怎么样的感受？他在对大自然的回忆中得到了什么？他与大自然的关系氛围哪几层？他对他妹妹的劝告是什么？
答：华兹华斯对于丁登寺旁大自然的景色充满热爱与怀念。在对大自然的回忆中，他感受到平静的治愈感、曾经忘却的喜悦和高尚的心境。在华兹华斯看来，他与大自然的关系可以分为三层：少年时代，对大自然是一种懵懂的热爱，就像小动物对于大自然的依恋；五年之前，对大自然充满了热情，雄心勃勃，踌躇满志；而五年之后的现在，内心则是充满了平静而淡然的爱。他劝诫他的妹妹在悲伤的时候不妨投入大自然的怀抱，因为大自然从来不会背叛爱它的人，而且拥有着神奇的治愈能力。
Reference Answer：The nature in Tintern Abbey calls upon the memory and deep love in the mind of Wordsworth.
In the memory of nature, he is filled with tranquil restoration, unremembered memory and blessed mood.
According to Wordsworth, the relationship between him and nature can be described as three stages. In boyhood, he loved nature in an ignorant way which resembles the way an animal loving nature. Five years ago, he was full of passion and dream when facing nature. Now, five years later, his hearts was full of quiet and peaceful affection to nature.
His exhortation to his sister is that she can turn to nature for help on facing sorrow and sadness. Because nature never betrays the heart that loves her and nature has magic power of restoration.
2.In I Wondered lonely as a Cloud, it tells that the memory of nature could be used to restore calm mind.
在《我似浮云天自游》中，诗人告诉我们对大自然的记忆有助于恢复心灵平静。
The portray of characters through their conversations and actions. The theme of Pride and Prejudice. (结合参考资料Lecture 11)
在傲慢与偏见中，作者是如何通过对人物语言和动作的描写来刻画他们的性格的？该作品的主题是什么？
答：关于第一个题目实在不好举例子，大家不妨锁定一个具体的人物，如Mr. Bennet 或者Mrs. Bennet，然后结合书上第一节进行具体分析。因为这两个人物的性格特点很突出，在情节上又没有太大的变动，所以分析起来会比较简单。奥斯汀在这部小说中通过班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理，表现出乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻爱情问题的不同态度，从而反映了作者本人的婚姻观：为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的；而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此，她既反对为金钱而结婚，也反对把婚姻当儿戏。她强调理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。
Reference Answer：Jane Austen shows her view of marriage by laying out marriages based on different reasons. The theme can be concluded in this way: it is wrong to marry someone for wealth, estate or status; however it is also unwise to marry someone without a thought of the things above. She opposes to the marriage based on money of material as well as marriage based on nothing. She attaches much importance to marriage and regards love as the fundamental factor of marriage.
The stages of development in Jane's life. The symbolic meaning of the names of places in Jane Eyre. (结合参考资料Lecture 13)
简爱的生活经历大致分为哪几个阶段？在该作品中地点名称的象征是什么？Reference Answer：Gateshead Hal l: The life in Gateshead Hall with Mrs. Reed and her
children are nightmare of Jane’s childhood. Lowood School: The original meaning of low wood is bush, a dangerous place. It indicates the miserable and tough times that Jane had experienced in school. Thornfield:This is the name of Mr. Rochester’s place. On one hand, the name of the place suggests the gloomy past of Mr. Rochester; On the other hand, it shows the difficulties in the love relationship that Jane and Mr. Rochester will meet.
Gateshead:childhood lowood school:adolescence Thornfield:youth as a young woman Marshend:mature Ferdean:fulfillment of her life
2.What is the dramatic monologue? What can you know about the character of the speaker
in Robert Browning's My Last Duchess?
什么是戏剧独白？通过阅读罗伯特.勃朗宁的《我的前伯爵夫人》，你能发现这位叙述者怎样的性格特征？
答：该叙述者是一位铁石心肠的公爵，贪婪而又冷酷。他轻描淡写地叙述了自己谋害妻子的罪行，而且不忘向他人炫耀自己的财富。同时也展现出他对更多财富的渴望之情。Reference Answer：A dramatic monologue is a piece of performed writing that offers great insight into the feelings of the speaker. Not to be confused with a soliloquy in a play (which the character speaking speaks to themselves), dramatic monologues suggest an auditor or auditors. The dramatic monologue is now understood to include short pieces of prose written for performance.
Dramatic monologue(老师上课给的）：imply listener, the purpose of pome is not to make a statement, but to reveal the character of the speaker.
Soliloquy: speaking to himself, thinking aloud.
The speaker in Robert Browning's My Last Duchess is a Duke having a stone of heart. He is cruel and greedy. He describes the crime that he killed his last duchess in an indifferent way. In addition, he is always boasting for his possessions and long for wealth and estate.
Duke: Jealous, Arrogant, Possessive. Duchess: Beautiful, Approachable
The 20th Century
Important writers and their works （参考资料Lecture 15)
Turn of the century
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936):
Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894): Treasure Island
Joseph Conrad (1857-1924): The Heart of Darkness
William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)
Henry James (1843-1916): American born, British citizen after WWI, psychological novel Oscar Wilde: The Importance of Being Earnest
Samuel Butler (1835-1902): realism, “Erehon” (no where)
George Meredith (182801909): The Egoist
H. G. Wells (1866-1946): one of the last representatives of English critical realism
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928): Wessex novels, a tendency from 19 th century realism to modernistic novels, anti-convention, elements of naturalism, symbolism
Far from the Madding Crowd
The Return of the Native
The Mayor of Casterbridge
Tess of the D’Urbervilles
Jude the Obscure
John Galsworthy (1867-1933): one of the most prominent 20 th century realistic writers
The Man of Property
The Forsyte Saga (trilogy)
Bernard Shaw (1856-1960):
1.To be, or not to be: that is the question,
Whether'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them. To die,to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
20世纪初
Herry James The portrait of a lady 贵妇的画像(心理小说先驱)
Joseph conrad: The heart of Darkness (黑暗之心)
E.M Forster: Passage to India(印度之行)
20 世纪Modernism: stream-of-consciousness
James Joyce The Dubliners (1914)Ulysses (1922)
Virginia Wolf :Jacob's Room (1922),Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) The Waves (1931),Between the Acts
D.H. Lawrence（1885-1930）: sons and lovers(儿子与情人) The Rainbow，women in love,, Lady Chatterley's Lover
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),
华南农业大学xx文学史期末考试题 (下)注:本文档主要用作题型参考,非100%原题。 考试范围:启蒙运动时期,浪漫主义时期。 一选择题。(共50题,每题1分) 类型1:作品来源。(约10-15道题) 1.” Some village-Hampden, that with dauntless breast. The littletyrant of hisfields withstood, Some mute inglorious Milton here mayrest. SomeCromwell,guiltless of his country's blood.” is from ( )A.I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud B. The Cloud C. Bright Star D. Elegy 2. “But now your brow is beld, John. Your locks are lik e the snaw;But bless ingson your frosty pow…” is from ( ) A. John Anderson, My Jo B.A Red, Red Rose C. Tintern Abbey D. When We two parted 3.” I am assured by our merchants, that a boy or a girl beforetwelve years old isno saleable commodity, and even when they come tothis age, they will not yieldabove three pounds, or three pounds andhalf a crown at most, on the exchange.” isfrom ( ) A. Gulliver’s Travel B. Robinson Crusoe
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班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
英国文学史及作品选读 （模拟试题二） Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分） 1．______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity.
英国文学史 1.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”open well-known essays by_________. Francis Bacon Samuel Johnson Alexander Pope Jonathan Swift [参考答案] Francis Bacon 2.When he died, Chaucer was buried in __________ the Poet's Corner. Westminster Abbey Normandy Canterbury Southwark [参考答案] Westminster Abbey 3.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of . Piers Plowman Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Confessio Amantis The Canterbury Tales [参考答案] The Canterbury Tales 4.The first mention of Robin Hood in literature is in Langland's _________. The Legend of Good Woman The Vison of Piers the Plowman Boewulf Fables [参考答案] The Vison of Piers the Plowman 5.Which literary genra does Sir Gawain and the Green Knight belong to? epic romance novel prose [参考答案] romance 6.English literature at the Anglo-Norman Period was also a combination of ____ and Saxon elements. Latin Greek English French [参考答案] French 7.In the 14th century, the two most important writers are_____ and Chaucer Caedmon Cynewulf Langland Shakespeare [参考答案] Langland 8.Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf? Hrothgat Heorot Grendel Beowulf [参考答案] Grendel 9.The most important work of_____is The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles,which is regarded as the best monument of the old English prose. Alfred the Great Caedmon Cynewulf Venerable Bede [参考答案] Alfred the Great 10.The epic, The Song of Beowulf, represents the spirit of_____. monks romanticists sentimentalists pagan [参考答案] pagan ing line of 11.The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day ?” is the beginn one of Shakespeare’ｓ. comedies tragedies histories sonnets [参考答案] sonnets
History and Anthology of English Literature I Multiple Choices 1.The story of _________ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances. A.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B. Beowulf C. Piers the Plowman D. The Canterbury Tales 2.Chaucer died on October 25th, 140(), and was buried in __________ ? A.Flanders B. France C. Italy D. Westminster Abbey 3?Utopia was written in the form of _________ ? A. prose B. drama C? essay D. dialogue 4.________ i s the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry. A. John Donne B. George Herbert C. Andre Marvell D. Henry Vaughan 5.________ i s not written by William Blake. A. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell B. Songs of Experience C. Auld Lang Syne D. Poetical Sketches 6."Some book are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested： This sentence is taken from __________ . A. Swifts A Modest Proposal B. Dickens\ Oliver l\vist C. Fielding 9s Tom Jones D. Bacon's Of Studies 7.Which poet is not the "Lake Poet"? A. William Wordsworth B. S. T. Coleridge C. Southey D. Keats 8.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _________ ? A. Science B. Arts C. Philosophy D. Humanism 9.Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in _________ . A? Romanticism B. Renaissance C. medieval period D? Anglo-Saxon period 10.Gothic novels are mostly stories of _________ , which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles? A.love and marriage B. sea adventures C. mystery and horror D. saints and martyrs II? The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gull iver's Travels arc _______ ?A? horses that are endowed with reason B.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualities C.giants that are superior in wisdom D.hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways 12. John Milton's masterpiece 一Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of ___________ ? A. rhymed stanzas B. blank verse C. alliteration D? sonnets 13? Which of the following has / have associations with John Donners poetry? A. reason and sentiment B. conceits and wits C. the euphuism D. writing in the rhymed couplet 14.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is
The happiness of having such a sister 他们首先倾吐了要做姑娘的喜悦，两位小姐高兴的一次次拥抱，洒下了欣喜的泪花. Tess’s pride would not allow her to turn her head again,苔丝出于自尊，不愿意再回头去看父亲在搞什么名堂，如果他真有什么名堂的话. It is my conviction that though men may 我相信，人们虽然未必比以前还要不讲道德，但似乎要比以前更加不知羞耻。 I saw that his face was pale.I followed his eyes 我见他脸色煞白。我循着他的目光，看到餐厅那边有个女人端着托盘给几位客人上饮料。 Father passed his hand over his face父亲用手摸了摸脸。 They were attended from morning to night 从早到晚，都有妻子，护士，秘书这样的女帮手服侍他们。 I was truly dumbfounded by this deep fury 她一见到我就这么气势汹汹，真把我惊呆了。 They can be purchased pre-washed, pre-fade,人们还可以买到经过水洗，褪色和缩水处理的牛仔裤，以符合无产者的形象。 The task was done, not free from further blunders课上完了，做学生的并没有根绝错误... Levi’s jeans were first introduced to the East,里维斯的牛仔裤最初引进到东部，显然是在20世纪30年代的农场度假热潮中 And as each and all of them were warmed without by the sun, 她们大家，不仅个个身上都给太阳晒得暖烘烘的，而且人人心里都有一个小太阳温暖着各自的心灵 One must remember that human beings also can only do what they are “programmed”我们应该记住，人类同样也只能按照“程序”办事。受精卵一形成，基因就给我们编号了“程序”，我们的潜能也要受到这个“程序”的限制。 In the course of my travels in America I have been impressed by 我在美国旅行期间，注意到了一种根深蒂固的忧郁症。我觉得这种忧郁症似乎极其普遍，这就给社会改革家出了难题。 Each year, more than 250,000,000 items of Levi’s 每年，李维服装的销售量超过2.5亿件-----其中包括8,300多万条钉有铜钉的蓝色牛仔裤。 The human brain weighs three pounds,but in that three pounds 人脑只有三磅重，但就在这三磅的物质中，却包含着一百亿个神经细胞，以及一千亿个更小的细胞。 The difference between me and these daughters 我和这些女儿们的分歧在于：由于性别的缘故，他们认为我生来注定要成为她们父亲那样的人，因而也就成为妨碍她们实现自己愿望的敌人。 Some had beautiful eyes,others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful 她们有的长着漂亮的眼睛，有的生者俏丽的鼻子，有的有着妩媚的嘴巴、婀娜的身段；但是，这样样都美的，虽然不能说一个没有，却也是寥寥无几。 I fell madly in love with her, and she with me我狂热的爱上了她，她也狂热地爱上了我。 In a moment she reappeared to hurl my change and the ticket on the counter不一会儿工夫，她又回来了，将零钱和车票往柜台上猛地一摔，大半都撒落在我脚边。 The Harrow custom of calling the roll is different from that of Eton. 哈罗公学的点名方式跟伊顿公学有所不同。 On August 16,1983,they started for the South to seek their fortune. 1983年8月16日，他们动身去南方寻求生路。 “Contrary,then,” answered another, in deep but softened tones.”And now,“那好，相反，”另一个人以深沉而柔和的语调答道。“那就亲亲我吧，我学得这么用心。” Another person runs to avoid doing anything else,另一个人跑步则是为了避而不做别的事，不对如何生活作出决定，不去感受自己生活碌碌无为。 They were of course all intending 当然大家都做好了惊讶的准备，但却没有料到会惊讶道这个地步 He had an aversion to yielding so completely 他不愿意完全凭感情用事，因此宁肯自己不来吃饭。看来，二十四小时吃一顿饭，在他是足够了。 I knew her before I ever met your mother.我没遇见你妈妈之前就认识她了。 Even so, I still insist that for the individual himself nothing is more important than this personal, 即便如此，我仍然坚持认为，对个人而言，最重要的莫过于这种根植于个人心灵深处的是非感，以及坚决按这种是非感行事的决心，而不是随波逐流，或仅仅以是否“对社会有益”为准则。 Almost from the first,Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo that gave blue jeans their name, 机会从一开始，施特劳斯就把他的布料染成别具一格的蓝色，因此便有了蓝色牛仔裤之称。不过，直至19世纪70年代，他才往裤子上加了铜铆钉；长期以来，这铜铆钉也就成了公司的标志。 I believe then that I would die there,and I saw with a terrible clarity 当时我觉得我要死在那儿了，而下面山谷里的景致却看得异常清晰。在我看来，这些景致依然那样美丽。 Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go,merely on that account, 卢卡斯爵士夫妇打定主意要去，还不就是为了这个缘故，因为你知道，他们通常是不去拜访新搬来的邻居的。 No, if I read any, it should be Mrs. Radcliffe’s.我要是看小说，那就看拉德克里夫人的。她的小说倒挺有意思，值得一读。那里面多少有点逗趣的内容和对大自然的描写。 Again, therefore, she applied herself to the key, 因此，她又搬弄钥匙。她靠着最后一线希望，果断利索地朝各个方向拧了一阵之后，柜门忽然打开了。
文档来源为 :从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持. 台州学院外国语学院学年第学期 级英语本科专业《英国文学史及选读II 》期末试卷（11）( 闭卷 ) 题号分值得分姓名班级学号 考试时间 :120 分钟I II III IV V VI VII总分10101015201025100 I. Multiple choice . Choose the best out of the four. (10%=1*10) 1.The subject matters of Romanticism include the following But ____. A. strong-willed heroes B. mysticism C. moderation D. exotic pictures 2. “O, wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being, ”is from____. A. Ozymandias B. Ode to the West Wind C. She Walks in Beauty D. The Isles of Greece 3.____is one of the Satanic“school ” poets. A. John Keats B. Percy Bysshe Shelley C. Leigh Hunt D. S. T. Coleridge 4.Dickens ’ first true novel is ____. A. David Copperfield B. Bleak House C. Oliver Twist D. Hard Times 5.The following novels are all written by Jane Austen Except. A. Pride and Prejudice B. Emma C. Mansfield Park D. Far from the Madding Crowd https://www.doczj.com/doc/1a4553265.html,wrence revealed Oedipus complex in his novel __________. A. Sons and Lovers B. For Whom the Bell Tolls C. The Sun Also Rises D. The Old Man and the Sea 7.____historical novel paved the path for the development of the realistic novel of the 19th century. A. Jane Austen’ s B. Walter Scott’Cs. Henry Fielding’ s D. Charles Lamb’ s 8.The title of Thackeray ’novels ____was borrowed from The Pilgrim s ’Progress by John Bunyan . A. The Roundabout Paper B. The Newcomers C. Vanity Fair D. The Four Georges 9.,which was written by Charlotte Bronte, is a poetic, imaginative story of the love of a young governess for her married employer . A. Wuthering Heights B. Jane Eyre C. The Professor D. Agnes Grey 10.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism. A. Richard Sheridan B. Oliver Goldsmith C. Oscar Wilde D. Bernard Shaw II. True or False? Put a T before the statement if you think it is true and put an F if you think it is false.(10%=1*10) ____1. The glory of the Romantic Age lies in the prose of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats. ____2.The Lakers include Byron, Shelley and Wordsworth . ____3.Childe Harold Pilgrimage made Byron famous overnight.