INCOTERMS 2000 （英文版）
INCOTERMS 2000
Entry into force 1st JAN 2000
CONTENTS
EXW
EX WORKS
(... named place)
“Ex works" means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the dis-posal of the buyer at the seller' s premises or another named place ( i. e. wa&s, factory, warehouse, etc. ) not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle.
This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller, and tile buyer has to bear all costs and risks involved m taking the goods from the seller's premises.
However, if the parties wish the seller to be responsible for the loading of the goods on departure and to bear the risks and all the costs of such loading, this should be made clear by adding explicit wording to this effect in the contract of sale . This term should not be used when the buyer cannot carry out the export formalities directly or indirectly. In such circumstances, the FCA term should be used, provided the seller agrees that he will load at his cost and risk.
ＡTHE SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS
ＢTHE BUYER'S OBLIGATIONS
A1 Provision of goods in conformity with the contract
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity which may be required by the contract.
B1 Payment of the price
The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.
A2 Licences, authorisations and formalities
The seller must render the buyer, at the latter's request, risk and expense, every, assistance in obtaining, where applicable, any export licence or other official
authorisation necessary for the export of the goods.
B2 Licences, authorisations and formalities
The buyer must obtain at his own risk and expense any export and import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable all customs formalities for die export of the goods.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage No obligation.
b) Contract of insurance No obligation.
B3 Contracts Of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage No obligation.
b) Contract of insurance No obligation.
A4 Delivery
The seller must place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of delivery, not loaded on any collecting vehicle, on the date or within the period agreed or, if no such time is agreed, at the usual tiny, for delivery of such goods. If no specific point has been agreed within the named place, and if there are several points available, the seller may select the point at the place of delivery which best suits his purpose.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods where they have been delivered in accordance. with A4 and A7/B7.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.
B5 Transfer of risks
buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods
?from the time, they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and
?from the agreed date or the expiry date of any period fixed for taking delivery which arise because he fails to give notice in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods has been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.
A6 Division of costs
The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.
B6 Division of costs
?The buyer must pay
?all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered m accordance with A4; and
?any additional costs incurred by failing either to take delivery of the goods when they have been placed at his disposal, or to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7 provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; and
?where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of can" out customs formalities payable upon export.
The buyer must reimburse all costs and charges incurred by the seller in rendering assistance in accordance with A2.
A7 Notice to the buyer
The seller must give the buyer sufficient notice as to when and where the goods will be placed at his disposal.
B7 Notice to the seller
The buyer must, whenever he is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period and/or the place of taking delivery, give the seller sufficient notice thereof.
A8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic
messages
No obligation
B8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic messages
The buyer must provide the seller with appropriate evidence of having taken delivery.
A9 Checking –packing–marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of placing the goods at the buyer's disposal.
The seller must provide at his own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to make the pods of the contract description available unpacked) which is required for the transport of the goods, to the extent that the circumstances relating to the transport (for example modalities, destination) are made known to the seller before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any pre - shipment inspection, including inspection mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10 Other obligations
The seller must render the buyer at the latter's request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages issued or transmitted in the country of delivery and/or of origin which the buyer may require for the export and/or import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country.
The seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.
B10 Other obligations
The buyer must pay all costs and char" incurred m obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering his assistance in accordance therewith.
FCA
FREE CARRIER
(... named place)
"Free Carrier" means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. It should be noted that the chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place. If delivery occurs at the seller's premises, the seller is responsible for loading. If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.
term may he used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.
"Carrier" means any person who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform orto procure the performance of transport by rail, road, air, sea, inland waterway or by a combination of such modes.
If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they me delivered to that person.
ＡTHE SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS
ＢTHE BUYER'S OBLIGATIONS
A1 Provision of goods in conformity with the contract
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity which may be required by the contract.
B1 Payment of price
The buyer must pay the price as provided m the contract of sale.
A2 Licences, authorisations and formalities
The seller must obtain at his own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
B2 Licences, authorisations and formalities
The buyer must obtain at his own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transit through any country.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
No obligation. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is Commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyer's risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the con tract and, if he does, shall Promptly notify the buyer accordingly.
b) Contract of insurance
No obligation
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer must contract at his own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named place, except when the contract of carriage, is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a).
b) Contract of insurance
No obligation.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer, or chosen by the seller in accordance with A3 a), at the named place on the date or within the period agreed for delivery.
Delivery is completed,
a) If the named place is the seller's premises, when the goods have been loaded on the means of transport provided by the carrier nominated by the buyer or another person acting on his behalf.
b) If the named place is anywhere other than a), when the goods are placed at the disposal of' the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer, or chosen by the seller in accordance with A3 a) on the seller's means of transport not unloaded.
If no specific point has been agreed within the named place, and if there are several points available, the seller may select the point at the place of delivery which best suits his purpose.
Failing precise instructions from the buyer, the seller may deliver the goods for carnage m such a manner as the transport mode and/or the quantity and/or nature of the goods may require.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss ofor damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods
?from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and
?from die agreed date or the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery which arise either because he fails to nominate the carrier or another person in accordance with A4, or because the carrier or the party nominated
by the buyer fails to take the goods into his charge at the agreed time, or because the buyer fails to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.
A6 Division of costs
The seller must, subject to tile provisions of B6, pay
?all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and
?where applicable, the costs of customs formalities as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export.
B6 Division of costs
The buyer must pay
?all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4;and
?any additional costs incurred, either because he fails to nominate the carrier or another person in accordance with A4 or because the party nominated by the buyer fails to take the goods into his charge at the agreed time, or because he has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; and
where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges well as die costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of die goods and for their transit through any country.
A7 Notice to the buyer
The seller must the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4, Should the carrier fail to take delivery in accordance with A4 at the time agreed, the seller must notify the buyer accordingly.
B7 Notice to the seller
The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the name of the party designated in A4 mid, where necessary. specify the mode of transport, as well as the date or period for delivering the goods to him and, as the case may be, the point within the place where the goods should be. delivered to that party.
A8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message
The seller must provide the buyer at the seller's expense.with the usual proof of delivery, of the goods in accordance with A4.
Unless the document referred to in the preceding paragraph is the transport document, the seller must render the buyer at the latter's request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining a transport document for the contract of carriage (for example a negotiable bill of lading, a non -negotiable sea waybill, an inland waterway document, an air waybill, a railway consignment note, a road consignment note, or a multimodal transport document).
When the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraph may he replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (ED1) message.
B8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message
The buyer must accept the proof of delivery in accordance with A8.
A9 Checking –packing-marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting ) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4.
The seller must provide at his own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to send the goods of the contract description unpacked) which is required for the transport of the goods, to the extent that the circumstances relating to the transport (for example modalities, destination) are made known to the seller before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to he marked appropriately.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any pre - shipment inspection except when such
inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10 Other obligations
The seller must render the buyer at the latter's request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages (other than those mentioned in A8) issued or transmitted in the country of delivery and/or of origin which the buyer may require for the import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country.
The seller must provide the buyer, Upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.
B10 other obligations
The buyer must, pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering his assistance in accordance therewith and in contracting for carriage in accordance with A3 a) .
The buyer must give the seller appropriate instructions whenever the seller’sassistance in contracting for carriage is required in accordance with A3 a).
FAS
FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP
(…named port of shipment)
“Free Alongside Ship" means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment.
The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
THIS IS A REVERSAL FROM PREVIOUS INCOTERMS VERSIONS WHICH REQUIRED THE BUYER TO ARRANGE FOR EXPORT CLEARANCE.
However, if the parties wish the buyer to clear the goods for export, this should be made clear by adding explicit wording to this effect in the contract of sale.
This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
ＡTHE SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS
ＢTHE BUYER'S OBLIGATIONS
A1 Provision of goods in conformity with the contract
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity which may he required by the contract.
B1 Payment of the price
The buyer must Pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.
A2 Licences, authorisations and formalities
The seller must obtain at his own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
B2 Licences, authorisations and. formalities
The buyer must obtain at his own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their transit through any country.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
NO obligation.
b) Contract of insurance
No obligation.
B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer must contract at his own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment.
b) Contract of insurance
No obligation.
A4 Delivery
The seller must place the goods alongside the vessel nominated by the buyer at the loading place named by the buyer at the named port of shipment on the date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.
Taking delivery
The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered m accordance with A4.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in accordance with A4.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and
from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery which arise because he fails to give notice in accordance with B7, or because the vessel nominated by him fails to arrive on time, or is able to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.
A6 Division of costs
The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay
all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been delivered in
accordance with A4; and
?where applicable the costs of customs formalities as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export.
B6 Division of costs
The buyer must pay
?all costs relating to the goods form the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and
?any additional costs incurred, either because the vessel nominated by him has failed to arrive on time, or is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the lime notified in accordance with B7, Or because the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7 provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; and ? where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and for their transit through any country.
A7 Notice to the buyer
The seller must give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have delivered alongside the nominated vessel.
B7 Notice to the seller
The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and required delivery time.
A8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message
The Seller must provide the buyer at the seller's expense with the proof of delivery of the goods in accordance with A4.
Unless the document referred to in the preceding paragraph is the transport document, the seller must render the buyer at the latter's request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining a transport document (for example a negotiable bill of lading, a non - negotiable sea waybill, an inland waterway document).
When the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraphs may he replaced by, an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message.
B8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message
The buyer must accept the proof of delivery in accordance with A8.
A9 Checking-packaging-marking
The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations ( such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4.
The seller must provide at his own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to ship the goods of the contract description packed) which is required for the transport of the goods, to the extent that the circumstances relating to the transport (for example modalities, destination) are made known to the seller before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately.
B9 Inspection of goods
The buyer must pay the costs of any pre - shipment inspection, except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
A10 Other obligations
The seller must provide the buyer, at the latter’s request,risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages(other than those mentioned in A8)issued or transmitted in the country of shipment and/or of origin which the buyer may require for the import of the goods and,where necessary, for their transit through any country.
B10 Other obligations
The buyer must pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering his assistance in accordance therewith.
FREE ON BOARD
(... named port of shipment)
“Free on Board" means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship's rail, the FCA term should he used. ＡTHE SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS
ＢTHE BUYER'S OBLIGATIONS
A1 Provision of goods in conformity with the contract
The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity winch may be required by the contract. B1 Payment of the price
The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale.
A2 Licences, authorisations and formalities
The seller must obtain at his own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.
B2 Licences, authorisations and formalities
The buyer must obtain at his own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities for the import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country .
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
No obligation
b) Contract of insurance
No obligation
B3 Contract of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer must contract at his own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment.
b) Contract of insurance
No obligation.
A4 Delivery
The seller must deliver the goods on the date or within the agreed period at the named port of shipment and in the manner customary at the port on board the vessel nominated by the buyer.
B4 Taking delivery
T he buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4.
A5 Transfer of risks
The seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have passed the ship's rail at the named port of shipment.
B5 Transfer of risks
The buyer must bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods
from the time they have passed the ship's rail at the named port of shipment; and
frorn the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery which arise because he fails to give notice in accordance with B7, or because the vessel nominated by him flails to arrive on time, or is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.
A6 Division of costs
The seller must, subject to the provisions of B6, pay
all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have passed the ship's rail at the named port of shipment; and
where applicable6 , the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.
B6 Division of costs
The buyer must pay
all costs relating to the goods from the time they have passed the ship' s rail at the named port of shipment; and
any additional costs incurred, either because the vessel nominated by him fails to arrive on time, or is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo
earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, or because the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; and where applicable7,all duties, taxes and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and for their transit through any country.
A7 Notice to the buyer
The seller must give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4.
B7 Notice to the buyer
The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and required delivery time.
A8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic message The seller must provide the buyer at the seller's expense with the usual proof of delivery in accordance with A4.
Unless the document referred to in the preceding paragraph is the transport document, the seller must render the buyer, at the latter's request, risk and expense, every assistance in obtaining a transport document for the
? POCIB 百科首页 ? 2010年国际贸易术语解释通则 2010年国际贸易术语解释通则(INCOTERMS 2010) 目录 《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》中文版 INCOTERMS 2010 ? (2011年1月第二版) 引言 适用于任何单一运输方式或多种运输方式的术语 EXW (EX works) 工厂交货 FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人
CPT (Carriage Paid To) 运费付至 CIP (Carriage and lnsurance Paid to) 运费、保险费付至 DAT (Delivered At Terminal) 运输终端交货 DAP (Delivered At Place) 目的地交货 DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货 适用于海运和内河水运的术语 FAS (Free Along Side) 船边交货 FOB (Free On Board) 船上交货 CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费 CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本、保险加运费 EXW (EX Works工厂交货) 该术语可适用于任何运输方式，也可适用于多种运输方式。它适合国内贸易，而FCA一般则更适合国际贸易。 “工厂交货”是指当卖方在其所在地或其它指定地点（如工厂、车间或仓库等）将货物交由买方处置时，即完成交货。卖方不需将货物装上任何前来接收货物的运输工具，需要清关时，卖方也无需办理出口清关手续。 特别建议双方在指定交货地范围内尽可能明确具体交货地点，因为在货物到达交货地点之前的所有费用和风险都由卖方承担。买方则需承担自此指定交货地的约定地点（如有的话）收取货物所产生的全部费用和风险。 EXW（工厂交货）术语代表卖方最低义务，使用时需注意以下问题： a) 卖方对买方没有装货的义务，即使实际上卖方也许更方便这样做。如果卖方装货，也是由买方承担相关风险和费用。当卖方更方便装货物时，FCA一般更合适，因为该术语要求卖方承担装货义务，以及与此相关的风险和费用。
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在为期两年的修订过程中，ICC尽其最大努力通过ICC各国家委员会吸取了各行业国际贸易从业者的意见和建议，完成了修订稿的多次修改。令人高兴的是，在Incoterms的这次修订期间，ICC从全世界使用者那里得到的反馈意见超过了以往任何一次。ICC与Incoterms的使用者之间交流的结果产生了Incoterms 2000这个版本，与Incoterms 1990相比看上去变化很小。原因很明显，即Incoterms当前已得到世界承认，所以ICC决定巩固Incoterms在世界范围内得到的承认，并避免为了变化而变化。另一方面，在修订过程中，ICC尽量保证Incoterms 2000中的语言清楚准确地反映出国际贸易实务。新的版本在下面两个方面作出了实质性改变： *在FAS和DEQ术语下，办理清关手续和交纳关税的义务； *在FCA术语下装货和卸货的义务。 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则： Note: EXW, CPT, CIP, DAF, DDU and DDP are commonly used for any mode of transportation. FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, and DEQ are used for sea and inland waterway. E组（发货） -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXW 工厂交货（……指定地点） EXW - Ex Works -- Title and risk pass to buyer including payment of all transportation and insurance cost from the seller's door. Used for any mode of transportation. F组（主要运费未付） -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FCA 货交承运人（……指定地点） FAS 船边交货（……指定装运港） FOB 船上交货（……指定装运港） FCA - Free Carrier -- Title and risk pass to buyer including transportation and insurance cost when the seller delivers goods cleared for export to the carrier. Seller is obligated to load the goods on the Buyer's collecting vehicle; it is the Buyer's obligation to receive the Seller's arriving vehicle unloaded. FAS - Free Alongside Ship --Title and risk pass to buyer including payment of all transportation and insurance cost once delivered alongside ship by the seller. Used for sea or inland waterway transportation. The export clearance obligation rests with the seller. FOB - Free On Board and risk pass to buyer including payment of all transportation and insurance cost once delivered on board the ship by the seller. Used for sea or inland waterway transportation. C组（主要运费已付） -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CFR 成本加运费（……指定目的港） CIF 成本、保险费加运费付至（……指定目的港） CPT 运费付至（……指定目的港） CIP 运费、保险费付至（……指定目的地）
INCOTERMS 2010 《國際貿易術語解釋通則》（以下稱Incoterms ）的宗旨是為國際貿易中最普遍使用的貿易術語提供一套解釋的國際規則，以避免因各國不同解釋而出現的不確定性，或至少在相當程度上減少這種不確定性。合同雙方當事人之間互不瞭解對方國家的貿易習慣的情況時常出現。這就會引起誤解、爭議、和訴訟，從而浪費時間和費用。為解決這些問題，國際商會（ICC）於1936 年首次公佈了一套解釋貿易術語的國際規則，名為Incoterms 1936，隔幾年就會出個修訂版，目前最新的是第八版國貿條規Incoterms 2010。這些規則是因應當前國際貿易發展而制定。 The Incoterms rules or International Commercial terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) widely used in international commercial transactions. A series of three-letter trade terms related to common sales practices, the Incoterms rules are intended primarily to clearly communicate the tasks, costs and risks associated with the transportation and delivery of goods. The Incoterms rules are accepted by governments, legal authorities and practitioners worldwide for the interpretation of most commonly used terms in international trade. 海運和內陸河運適用的規則 ?FAS 船邊交貨 ?FOB 船上交貨 ?CFR 成本加運費 ?CIF 成本，保險費加運費 通用的運輸規則 ?EXW 工廠交貨(...指定地點) ?FCA 貨交承運人 ?CPT 運費付至... ?CIP 運費和保險費付至... ?DAT 在碼頭交貨 ?DAP 交貨地點 ?DDP 完稅後交貨 注: 使用這個國際貿易術語通則時要加上地方。例如EXW Yiwu China, FOB ShangHai China EXW –Ex Works - (named place of delivery) 工廠交貨（......指定地點）
I NTRODUCTION Taken from “Incoterms? 2010”, available at the ICC Bookstore Main features of the Incoterms? 2010 rules 1. Two new Incoterms rules – DAT and DAP – have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU The number of Incoterms? rules has been reduced from 13 to 11. This has been achieved by substituting two new rules that may be used irrespective of the agreed mode of transport – DAT, Delivered at Terminal, and DAP, Delivered at Place – for the Incoterms? 2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU. Under both new rules, delivery occurs at a named destination: in DAT, at the buyer’s disposal unloaded from the arriving vehicle (as under the former DEQ rule); in DAP, likewise at the buyer’s disposal, but ready for unloading (as under the former DAF, DES and DDU rules). The new rules make the Incoterms? 2000 rules DES and DEQ superfluous. The named terminal in DAT may well be in a port, and DAT can therefore safely be used in cases where the Incoterms? 2000 rule DEQ once was. Likewise, the arriving “vehicle” under DAP may well be a ship and the named place of destination may well be a port: consequently, DAP can safely be used in cases where the Incoterms? 2000 rule DES once was. These new rules, like their predecessors, are “delivered”, with the seller bearing all the costs (other than those related to import clearance, where applicable) and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place of destination. 2. Classification of the 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules The 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules are presented in two distinct classes: RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPORT EXW EX WORKS FCA FREE CARRIER CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO DAT DELIVERED AT TERMINAL DAP DELIVERED AT PLACE DDP DELIVERED DUTY PAID
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Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving. 生活就像骑单车，只有不断前进，才能保持平衡。 P E R S O N A L N a m e: H a n Zhongyu G e n d e r: Female A g e : 19 Health: Excellent Hobbies: Paint draw, Badminton ， Personality: Honest , Creative, Cooperative, Dutiful and Dedicated, St r o n g,p r o v e n c o m m u n i c a t i o n s a b i l i t i e s b o t h w r i t t e n a n d v e r b a l i n E n g l i s h OBJECTIVE ? ~ EDUCA TION ? ~ ? ~ ? ~ ? ~ WORKING E X P E R I E N C E ~ ? TIME ： ~ ? POSITION ：
EXPERIENCE ： ~ ? ~ ? TIME ： ~ ? POSITION ： ~ ? EXPERIENCE ： ~ KNO WLEDGE B A C K G R O U N D ? Hardware —— System s t u d i e d The C i r c u i t E l e m e n t s, The S i m u l a t i o n Circuit, The D i g i t a l Circuit , The Function o f Computer Hardware T echnology ? Software —— Expert in computer programming ,familiar with the software of MA TLAB , C , PRO/E , AutoCAD
INCOTERMS2010与2000的区别 2010通则主要是以下方面的区别：1、加入两个新的贸易术语DAT和DAP，取消了4个：DAF、DES、DEQ和DDU；2、所以2010术语分类为11种；3、加入了术语的使用范围，强调也适用与国内贸易；4、加入电子交易的内容；5、保险的险别引入了ICC2009版本；6、加入与反恐有关系的内容；7、加入终端处理费用的归属，以保证不出现真空；8、加入连环贸易（或称销售）条款，对2000通则的不足之处进行补充。 虽然Incoterms2010于2011年1月1日正式生效，但是Incoterms2010实施后并非Incoterms2000就自动作废。因为国际贸易惯例本身不是法律，对国际贸易当事人不产生必然的强制性约束力。当事人在订立贸易合同时仍然可以选择适用Incoterms2000甚至Incoterms1990。 Incoterms2010主要变化： 1，贸易术语的数量由原来的13种变为11种； 2，术语分类的调整：由原来的EFCD四组分为两类：适用于各种运输方式和水运； 3，删除INCOTERMS2000中四个D组贸易术语，即DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)、DAF (Delivered At Frontier)、DES (Delivered Ex Ship)、DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)，只保留了INCOTERMS2000D组中的DDP（Delivered Duty Paid ）； 4，新增加两种D组贸易术语，即DAT （Delivered At Terminal ）与DAP（Delivered At Place ）；5，E组、F组、C组的贸易术语不变。 《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2010, 缩写Incoterms? 2010) 是国际商会根据国际货物贸易的发展，对《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的修订，2010年9月27日公布，于2011年1月1日实施。 《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》删去了《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》4个术语：DAF (Delivered at Frontier)边境交货、DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港船上交货、DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货、DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货，新增了2个术语：DAT（delivered at terminal）在指定目的地或目的港的集散站交货、DAP（delivered at place）在指定目的地交货。即用DAP取代了DAF、DES和DDU 三个术语，DAT取代了DEQ，且扩展至适用于一切运输方式。 DAT（delivered at terminal）目的地或目的港的集散站交货 类似于取代了的DEQ术语，指卖方在指定的目的地或目的港的集散站卸货后将货物交给买方处置即完成交货，术语所指目的地包括港口。卖方应承担将货物运至指定的目的地或目的港的集散站的一切风险和费用（除进口费用外）。本术语适用于任何运输方式或多式联运。 DAP（delivered at place）目的地交货 类似于取代了的DAF、DES和DDU三个术语，指卖方在指定的目的地交货，只需做好卸货准备无需卸货即
美国签证需要用到的个人简历模板（中英文） 这个模板是沈阳美领馆提供的简历模板，针对非移民签证申请人如果需要写个人简历的话，大家可以参考一下： Nonimmigrant Visa Resume T emplate Name: Date and country of birth: Gender: Name and date of birth of spouse: (if applicable) Names and dates of birth of children: (if applicable) Address and Contact information: Education List here all universities and higher education institutions you have attended, starting with the most recent. You should include the following information: Name of university Dates of study Degree level Degree major and minors Area of research Title of thesis Work experience List here all paid and voluntary work you have performed and positions held, starting with the most recent. You should include the following information: Name of company, organization or institutions Job titles Dates of jobs Detailed area of responsibility, research interests, project descriptions and applications of research Expertise in special software, machinery op equipment Awards and patents Have you received/won any awards related to your research or work at university or at work? Please list these. Do you hold any patents? List name, patent number and year registered.
.《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2010), 缩写Incoterms 2010 是国际商会根据国际货物贸易的发展，对《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的修订，2010年9月27日公布，于2011年1月1日实施。 一、相对于INCOTERMS2000，Incoterms 2010的主要变化 1.术语分类的调整: 由2原来的EFCD 四组分为适用于两类：适用于各种运输方式和水运； 2.贸易术语的数量由原来的13种变为11种； 3.《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》删去了《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》4个术语：DAF (Delivered at Frontier)边境交货、DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港船上交货、DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货、DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货； 4.新增了2个术语： DAT（delivered at terminal）在指定目的地或目的港的集散站交货、DAP（delivered at place）在指定目的地交货。 即用DAP取代了DAF、DES和DDU三个术语，DAT取代了DEQ，且扩展至适用于一切运输方式； 5.修订后的《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》取消了“船舷”的概念，卖方承担货物装上船为止的一切风险，买方承担货物自装运港装上船后的一切风险。在FAS，FOB，CFR和CIF等术语中加入了货物在运输期间被多次买卖（连环贸易）的责任义务的划分。考虑到对于一些大的区域贸易集团内部贸易的特点，规定，Incoterms 2010不仅适用于国际销售合同，也适用于国内销售合同。 Incoterms2010 are arranged into the two distinct groups: Any Mode of Transport CIP – Carriage and Insurance Paid CPT – Carriage Paid To DAP – Delivered At Place DAT – Delivered At Terminal DDP – Delivered Duty Paid EXW – Ex Works FCA – Free Carrier Sea and Inland Waterway Transport Only CFR – Cost and Freight CIF – Cost, Insurance and Freight FAS – Free Alongside Ship FOB – Free On Board 第一组：适用于任何运输方式的术语七种：EXW、FCA、CPT、CIP、DAT、DAP、DDP。
INCOTERMS 2010 引言 国际贸易术语是一种将商业惯例反映在货物销售合同中的价格术语，其描述了涉及货物从卖方到买方交付过程中的买卖双方各自承担的主要责任、费用和风险。 如何应用国际贸易术语2010通则 2010 Incoterms 2010 in the income lessen over in the application, users should be explicit: 总结Incoterms 2010在销售合同中的应用，使用者应明确： 1 对其合同的而言，此通则并不是自动适用的，具有任意性。 对于合同各方当事人意欲任何一种2010通则中的国际贸易术语适用其合同的情形，其应当在合同中清楚具体地订明，通过诸如―所用术语，选择于2010通则‖等语句。 2 此通则并不包含一整套的合同条款。 因此，比如，尽管通则中规定当何方当事人承担运费或作保险安排，什么时候卖方将货物交给买方以及各方当事人应承担何种费用，但是通则中并未涉及到有关货物价格和所有权，或者违反合同约定的后果等内容。这些问题通常是通过合同中相关明示条款或者专门管辖合同的法律来解决。同样地，当事人应当清楚当地强制性的法律较包括所选贸易术语在内的合同中的任何规定都具有优先权。 3 选择适当特定的术语。 所选术语需要适合于标的货物，运输方式，而且最重要的是要适合于各方当事人是否有意将更多的责任赋予到卖方或买方，比如安排运输或保险的责任。每种术语的指南中包含一些特别有用的关于何时作出这些选择的信息。然而，包含在指南中的信息并不构成所选术语的一部分。 4 只有各方当事人指定地点或港口，所选术语才形成有效的，而且指定的地点或港口越精确越奏效。 如以下的精确描述就是一个很好的例子： ―FCA (38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France) Incoterms 2010‖.（2010通则FCA术语，法国巴黎，38 Cours Albert 1er） 指定地点是交货点，即风险转移给买方的点；但是在C组术语中，指定地点指的是运费已付的地点。为了更好避免疑问和争议，指定地点或目的地可以进一步阐述为一个精确的点。
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific. At 3.79 million square miles and with over 310 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The
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国际贸易术语解释通则2010简介 《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》(International Rules for the Interpretation of Tr ade Terms 2010, 缩写Incoterms 2010 是国际商会根据国际货物贸易的发展，对《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的修订，2010年9月27日公布，于2011年1月1日实施。 一、相对于INCOTERMS2000，Incoterms 2010的主要变化 1. 术语分类的调整:由2原来的EFCD 四组分为适用于两类：适用于各种运输方式和水运 2.贸易术语的数量由原来的13种变为11种。 3.《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》删去了《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》4个术语：DAF (Delivered at Frontier)边境交货、DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港船上交货、D EQ (Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货、DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货，新增了2个术语：DAT（delivered at terminal）在指定目的地或目的港的集散站交货、DAP （delivered at place）在指定目的地交货。即用DAP取代了DAF、DES和DDU三个术语，DAT取代了DEQ，且扩展至适用于一切运输方式。 4.修订后的《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》取消了“船舷”的概念，卖方承担货物装上船为止的一切风险，买方承担货物自装运港装上船后的一切风险。在FAS，FOB，CFR和CIF等术语中加入了货物在运输期间被多次买卖（连环贸易）的责任义务的划分。考虑到对于一些大的区域贸易集团内部贸易的特点，规定，Incoterms2010不仅适用于国际销售合同，也适用于国内销售合同。 《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》共有11种贸易术语，按照所适用的运输方式划分为两大类： 第一组：适用于任何运输方式的术语七种：EXW、FCA、CPT、CIP、DAT、DAP、DDP。 EXW（ex works）工厂交货 FCA（free carrier）货交承运人 CPT（carriage paid to）运费付至目的地 CIP（carriage and insurance paid to）运费/保险费付至目的地 DAT（delivered at terminal）目的地或目的港的集散站交货 DAP（delivered at place）目的地交货 DDP（delivered duty paid）完税后交货 第二组：适用于水上运输方式的术语四种：FAS、FOB、CFR、CIF。 FAS（free alongside ship）装运港船边交货 FOB（free on board）装运港船上交货 CFR（cost and freight）成本加运费 CIF（cost insurance and freight）成本、保险费加运费
Incoterms2010全 目录 INCOTERMS2010相对于INCOTERS2000的主要变 化 (2) INCOTERMS2010 .......................................................... ........................................................ 2 RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPORT (3) EXW .................................................................... .. (3) FCA .................................................................... (7) CPT .................................................................... . (11) CIP .................................................................... .. (15) DAT .................................................................... (21) DAP .................................................................... . (25) DDP .................................................................... . (29) RULES FOR SEA AND IINLAND WATERWAY
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关于《Incoterms2010》的解释 国际贸易术语是一种将商业惯例反映在货物销售合同中的价格术语，其描述了涉及货物从卖方到买方交付过程中的买卖双方各自承担的主要责任、费用和风险。如何应用国际贸易术语2010通则 2010 Incoterms 2010 in the income lessen over in the application, users should be explicit: 总结Incoterms 2010在销售合同中的应用，使用者应明确： 1 对其合同的而言，此通则并不是自动适用的，具有任意性。 对于合同各方当事人意欲任何一种2010通则中的国际贸易术语适用其合同的情形，其应当在合同中清楚具体地订明，通过诸如“所用术语，选择于2010通则”等语句。 2 此通则并不包含一整套的合同条款。 因此，比如，尽管通则中规定当何方当事人承担运费或作保险安排，什么时候卖方将货物交给买方以及各方当事人应承担何种费用，但是通则中并未涉及到有关货物价格和所有权，或者违反合同约定的后果等内容。这些问题通常是通过合同中相关明示条款或者专门管辖合同的法律来解决。同样地，当事人应当清楚当地强制性的法律较包括所选贸易术语在内的合同中的任何规定都具有优先权。 3 选择适当特定的术语。 所选术语需要适合于标的货物，运输方式，而且最重要的是要适合于各方当事人是否有意将更多的责任赋予到卖方或买方，比如安排运输或保险的责任。每种术语的指南中包含一些特别有用的关于何时作出这些选择的信息。然而，包含在指南中的信息并不构成所选术语的一部分。 4 只有各方当事人指定地点或港口，所选术语才形成有效的，而且指定的地点或港口越精确越奏效。 如以下的精确描述就是一个很好的例子： “FCA (38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France) Incoterms 2010”.（2010通则FCA 术语，法国巴黎，38 Cours Albert 1er） 指定地点是交货点，即风险转移给买方的点；但是在C组术语中，指定地点指的是运费已付的地点。为了更好避免疑问和争议，指定地点或目的地可以进一步阐述为一个精确的点。 2000通则和2010通则的主要区别 《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2010, 缩写Incoterms? 2010) 是国际商会根据国际货物贸易的发展，对《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的修订，2010年9月27日公布，于2011年1月1日实施。 《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》删去了《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》4个术语：DAF (Delivered at Frontier)边境交货、DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的