福建师范大学学科教学（英语)写作与翻译10~17年真题史上最完整版
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2010
I. Writing (40 points)
Directions: Write an article of about 200 words on the following title:
On the Relationship between Language Input and Language Output in English Teaching and Learning in China
II. Writing (35 points)
Directions: Write an article of about 200 words on the following title:
Ways of Crossing Psychological Barriers in Practising Oral English in China
III. Translation from English into Chinese (35 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese:
Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented. There is a great technological explosion around us, generated by science. This explosion is already freeing vast numbers of people from their traditional bondage to nature, and now at last we have it in our power to free mankind once and for all from the fear which is based on want. Now, for the first time, man can reasonably begin to think that life can be something more than a grim struggle for survival. But even today, in spite of the high standard of living which has become general in the more fortunate West, the majority of people in the world still spend nearly all their time and energy in a never-ending struggle with nature to secure the food and shelter they need. Even in this elementary effort millions of human beings each year die unnecessarily and wastefully from hunger, disease, or flood.
IV. Translation from Chinese into English(40 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English:
普通的读者阅读一篇文章或小说，主要是为了获取有关的信息，即文章的内容和小说讲述的故事。文学批评家关注的可能是小说的主题、人物形象的塑造、小说的语言特点以及社会意义等。译者则不但要了解原文的内容，还必须分析原文的内容是如何表达的。这是将原文转换成译入语前必不可少的准备工作。对原文分析得越透彻，准备工作做得越充分，翻译起来就越顺，越容易译出比较忠实原文的译文来。这种认真的工作态度也是对翻译工作者的一个基本要求。
2011
I. Translation From English to Chinese (50 points)
Directions:Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET.
If you’ve been in China for a while you’ve probably noticed that there are some words that instantly quiet down a group of Chinese people. Utter ‘Mao’ or ‘Cultural Revolution’ and you may notice discussion grind to a halt but the effect of these words is nothing compared to the pained silence that falls over the group when the word ‘gaokao’ is spoken. The gaokao-literally ‘high test’-is the biggest test in the world: every year around 10 million young Chinese just about to graduate from high school take the test that will determine their future; and, at least for the students and their families, it is the most important test they will ever take. It grips the entire nation, every year from June 6th to 9th or so cities quiet down, the din of horns recedes, parents take their children to hotels near the test site to avoid traffic jams and aid concentration, and it starts to feel like a Wild West town right before the shooting begins. While the gaokao is not the first big test Chinese schoolchildren take—there are also tests to enter elementary and middle school—it is the biggest. The results of the exam determine the student’s entrance to college, or not, their future major, and which university they can attend. The history of entrance exams in China dates back to the birth of modern universities and to the tenets of Confucianism. The gaokao emerged in its current incarnation right after the Cultural Revolution. The first gaokao was administered in 1977 and because of the chaos and damage to the educational system during the previous decade students of all ages and educational backgrounds were allowed to test. In years since, the Ministry of Education has been in charge of administering the exam although the test differs from region to region. The psychological pressure on the students is brutal. For years parents enroll them in weekend academies and spend loads of money on private tutors. University education in China is essentially free—you have to pay a fee for books and housing—but the amount of money many parents spend on their children’s education is mind-boggling when compared to their means. Paying 100 yuan or more an hour for a foreign English tutor is a major investment for even middle-class Chinese.
II. Translation From Chinese to English (50 points)
Directions:Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into English. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET.
肩负培养中小学英语师资之重任的高师英语教育必须坚持1-4年级始终把听说读写译的技能训练放在首位考虑，而不是一味强调教学理论、教学实践和教学技巧的重要性。首先，这里不是孰轻孰重的问题，而是孰先孰后的问题。举例来说，一个英语教师本身的听说读写译水平低下，能指望他靠教学理论或教学经验来培养出尖端的英语人才吗笔者经常接触来自中学英语教师的教育硕士研究生，他们选择了中学英语写作教改实验的课题，但他们自己用英语撰写的硕士论文中辞不达意，语法错误，汉式英语，语篇衔接混乱等问题比比皆是。我们与其讥笑他们，还不如反思我们长期以来高师英语教育是否把握了孰先孰后的教学中的。从“守
土有责”角度看问题，师傅“武艺”不高，如何培养出“武艺”高强的徒弟徒弟“武艺”不高，又如何培养
出“武艺”高强的徒弟的徒弟因此，高师院校英语专业建设在1-2年级基础阶段，专注于听说读写译基础训练是防止英语水平基础不扎实而“误入”中小学师资队伍，形成一种误人子弟的恶性循环。
III. Writing (50 points)
Directions:The Ministry of Education called for the beginning of English teaching in elementary education. This practice has been around for many years now. What’s your viewpoint on English educa tion at the elementary level of China’s education You are required to advance your personal point of view and support your argument with sufficient evidence in about 300 words.
2012
Section A : From English to Chinese
Directions: Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (50 points)
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the entire Party and society, working hard under the leadership of the P arty’s three generations of central collective leadership with the Comrades Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zeming at the core, and the Party’s Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, have blazed a road to develop socialist education with Chinese characteristics, established the world’ s largest education system, and guaranteed the right to education for billions of Chinese. Education funding is growing by large margins, while school-running conditions have improved dramatically; education reform is going steadily in depth, as school-running proficiency is rising without letup. Since the beginning of the 21st century, free compulsory education has become the norm in urban and rural areas, while vocational education has made headway fast. In the meantime, higher education reached the new stage of the popularization, as rural education grew in strength. Remarkable progress has also been made in achieving education equally. Education development has vastly enhanced the quality of the entire nation, and stimulated innovation in science, technology and cultural prosperity, there by making irreplaceable and significant contributions to China’s economic growth, social progress, and the betterment of people’s livelihood. In the intervening y ears, our nation has accomplished the transition from a populous nation to nation to a nation with larger scale of human resource.
II: Translation From Chinese to English(50 points)
Directions: Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into English. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
考虑到小学其他课业的繁重负担和英语环境的缺失，比较可靠的信息来源似乎只能是教材提供的短小趣味英语故事。如何教授基础语法结构是一个问题，而必须教授基础语法结构却是无法回避的另一个问题，因为再有兴趣的英语故事对于小学英语入门者来说都离不开对基础语法结构的了解。由此看来，“防止和纠正以教授语音和语法等语言知识为主的做法”是需要具体分析的。首先，小学英语教学必须以教授英语语音为主，其内容包括一般生活用语、词组、句子和短小语篇的朗读，包括辅音、原因、不完全爆破、意群连读、轻重节奏，等等，不求多，但求相对准确。其次，基础语法教学如何体现“兴趣”二字，可以成为大家继续探索的课题，但出偏题、出难题，让小学生回到家里到处请教连大人都无法给出满意答案的语法问题，必须杜绝！最后，如果小学英语教育要践行科学发展观，小学升初中必须取消显性或隐性的英语考试，因为这涉及到教育公平的原则问题——在义务教育的初始阶段，怎么可以让未拥有合格英语教师的小学生与拥有合格英语教师的小学生进行同台“表演”和PK当代中国小学生的童年非常无奈地被“智育第一”所占用，快乐童年如果有的话，恐怕也是及其有限的。学会相对准确的英语发音，对英语有那么一点感性认识后，是否应该让孩子享受一点以母语为依托的快乐言语人生呢
III. Writing (50 points)
What’s your opinion on the statement that it is important to improve our students’ spoken English in China’s context. You are required to advance your personal points of view and support your personal argument with sufficient evidence in 300 words.
2013
(75 points)
Section A : From English to Chinese
Directions: Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)
The reason that had been offered thus far for using contextualized language practice materials have been largely on the intuitive appeal of such an approach. Most
second-language educators would agree, at least in theory, with the idea of learning and practicing language in meaningful contexts is more appealing for both students and teachers than learning isolated bits of language through extensive memorization and drilling. Yet the rationale foe contextualizing and personalizing classroom activities should not rest solely upon intuition. When one examines various theories of language comprehension and learning, it becomes clear that additional support can be found for the use of authentic or simulated authentic input in listening and reading, as well as meaningful and contextualized materials for encouraging language production.
Section B : From Chinese to English
Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into English. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (45 points)
许多语言学者试图理解外语口头语篇或书面语篇时，尤其是在语言学习的早期阶段，都在不同时刻体验到所产生的困难和挫败感。哪些是理解困难的部分原因为什么有些语篇比另一些语篇更难理解语言学习者如何以不同方式完成听力或阅读任务来提高理解力教师如何“装备”学生使听力或阅读材料对他们来说易被领会当我们审视多年来人们提出的各种理解理论时，当我们审视有关理解过程的现有研究时，对上述以及其它问题的答案就不难发现了。
II. Writing (75 points)
Section A :
Some teachers of English hold the opinion that it is more important to focus on content than the language on points foreign language teaching and learning while others think otherwise. Please state your opinions on their dispute. You should write about 200 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)
Section B :
Nowadays audio-lingual are abundant on the Internet and yet there is no evidence to show that learners of English are able to speak English better than who learned English without the same resources. Please account for this phenomenon. You should write more than 250 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (45 points)
2014
I. Translation from English to Chinese ( 英译汉，50分) ：
LANGUAGE LEARNING APTITUDE
A person’s cognitive predisposition to learn a foreign language is commonly referred to as aptitude. Aptitude is another way of saying “knack of languages,”and like “having a good ear for languages,”it is one of those myths used to explain why some people succeed while others fail. Strictly speaking, language learning aptitude is the cognitive capacity to learn a foreign language. In a classroom situation, a person with high language aptitude can usually master foreign language material faster and better than someone with lower aptitude. Thus, several studies show strong a strong relationship between language aptitude and grades in foreign language courses.
WHAT CAN LANGUAGE APTITUDE TELL US
There are several standardized tests that measure language learning aptitude. They predict how fast and how well an individual can learn foreign language under formal classroom conditions, when the emphasis is on grammatical accuracy and memorization. However, these tests may not be such good predictors of how well people can learn to communicate in foreign language, especially if they have the opportunities to practice in real-life situations. In other words, language aptitude tests may predict ability to learn formally and analytically, but they may not be as reliable in measuring the ability to learn unconsciously and intuitively. Language success may ultimately depend on persistence. You may have the potential to be a brilliant language learner, but if you fail to put effort into it, chances are you will not
learn much. A good combination of talent and perseverance is ideal.
II. Translation from Chinese to English ( 汉译英，50分)
不掌握大量词语，就无法用外语表达、理解、阅读和写作。因此，词汇学习是掌握外语的核心所在。
学习词语有两种常见方法。
直接法。直接词汇学习法致学生专注于词汇表或完成各种各样的词汇练习。大部分学习者通过这种方法学习高频词，学习所学语言中以供生存需要的高频词。直接法花时间，花精力。因此，这方面的高频词十分有限是一大幸事。
间接法。正因为需要学会大量词汇，因此直接词汇学习法就显得不够实际了。既然大量词汇是通过阅读和听力学会的，你就必须采用一些策略来间接的处理生词，而不是死记硬背。在间接词汇学习法过程中，你专注于完成某一语言任务，比如传达或努力理解口头或书面信息。在这一过程中，你最有可能学会很多新词汇项目。
III. Write a passage of about 300 words to argue for or against the possible practice of making no difference in college entrance examinations for candidates either to study natural sciences or humanities or social sciences. ( 50分 )
Arguing for Un differentiated Practice
in College Entrance Examinations
Or
Arguing Against Un differentiated Practice
in College Entrance Examinations
2015
I. Translation from English to Chinese ( 英译汉，50分) ：
英语老师教育方面的问题。Non-native teacher并不是无所不知，能力有限，老师不会全部掌握某一科目的知识……老师要承认自己的不知道……
II. Translation from Chinese to English ( 汉译英，50分)
也是英语教育方面的，本地老师与非本地老师。
(50 points)
Why do we need the English major in Chinese higher education institutions
2016
I. Translation from English to Chinese ( 英译汉，50分) ：
Jerome Bruner was one of the earliest proponents for scaffolding instruction. He defines scaffolding as the process of setting up a situation to make the child’s learning easy and successful and then gradually pulling back and handing the role to the child as he becomes skilled enough to manage it.
Scaffolding is closely related to Vygotsky’s theory of the zone of proximal development(ZPD). The ZPD refers to the distance between the actual development level and the level of potential development. The actual development level is determined by independent problem solving, and the level of potential development through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers. Scaffolding instruction associates teaching with the ZPD, providing learners with support so that they can reach a better development level than what they achieve through working independently.
Six main types of instructional scaffolding can be identified in English teaching:
·Modelling. Providing examples of what is expected from the students.
·Bridging. Build new concepts and language on previous knowledge and understandings.
·Contextulising. Provide contextualisation of teaching content based on students’experiences.
·Schema building. Help students build schema that connects knowledge and understanding.
·Re-presenting texts in a different genre through re-writing, adapting and acting-out.
·Developing metacognition. Encourage the the application of metacognitive learning strategies.
II. Translation from Chinese to English ( 汉译英，50分)
学习是由反复经验所引起的。由经验引起的学习主要有两种：一种是由有计划的练习或训练而产生的，如学生在学校中的学习；一种是由偶然的生活经历而产生的随机学习，如在生活中获得某些知识经验的学习。所以，有些学习内容需要操练，但有些学习内容可以在很短的时间内掌握。
学习所引起的变化是主体与环境相互作用而产生的，是后天习得的，是学习者通过主体的作用而自我建构形成的。在建构的过程中，外在因素的作用是间接的，但却是重要的，因为只依靠内在因素学习者不可能获得间接的经验。人类有很多经验是不能重复的，或者说重复的代价非常巨大，比如我们不能通过每一代人亲身经历地球的诞生，也不能每一个地区的人都经历罗布泊的干旱来体验保护环境的重要性，不可能也不能够让每一个人都经历第二次世界大战的法西斯集中营以体验Anne Frank的苦难和生命的悲怆。在人类文化传承中，教师的作用之所以重要，就在于教师可以向学生直接传授间接经验，缩短和减少下一代人获得人类有史以来生存发展的经验教训的时间与成本。
(50 points) 300 words
What is the role of linguistic proficiency and cultural proficiency in EFL reading
2017
英译汉：元认知在教学中的作用。
汉译英：人本主义中动机的影响因素，一页纸，文章很长。
写作：the effectiveness of applying the instructional media in the English classroom teaching.
实用英文写作与翻译2-1作业及参考答案 第一次作业： Americans Eat Out More often and Less Healthfully Although food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants, Americans are dining out more than ever, the U.S. Agriculture Department said Tuesday. Restaurant food accounted for（[在数量，比例方面] 占） 39 percent of U.S. meals bought in 1996, up from 26 percent in 1970, the department said in a report, ``Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet.'' ``While（尽管）the nutritional quality（营养质量）of foods consumed by Americans has improved overall, foods prepared at home are generally much more healthful than away-from-home foods,'' the department said. ``Despite nutritional gains at home, Americans will find it difficult to improve their diets because they purchase so many meals outside the home,'' the study said. While （尽管）the nutritional content of food prepared both at home and in restaurants has improved in recent years, food eaten out contains more of the nutrients Americans typically（一般地；通常）eat too much of, including fat and saturated fat（饱和脂肪）, and less of what is lacking from most diets, such as calcium, fiber and iron. The department recommended nutrition education programs should place more emphasis on teaching U.S. consumers about how to order healthful meals when dining out. Improved diets have been found to prevent risk of heart disease, stroke（中风）, cancer, diabetes（糖尿病）, osteoporosis-related hip fractures（与骨质疏松症有关的髋关节骨折） and neural tube birth defects（神经管先天缺损）. Osteoporosis-related hip fractures cost up to $10.6 billion each year in the United States in medical care expenses, missed work and premature deaths（早亡）, the department said. 参考译文：美国人外出用餐频繁而饮食健康水准美况愈下 据美国农业部星期二称尽管在家煮烧的食物远比餐馆里所用之餐有益于健康，美国人外出用餐更频繁。餐馆里的食物占1996年美国人购餐的39%，比1970年增长了26%。该部门在报告中称：“外出所用之餐对于美国人饮食质量日益重要”。该部门还称：“虽然美国人消费的食物的营养质量总体改善了。但是，一般来说，家里所备的食物远比外出用餐的食物有益于健康。”研究表明：“尽管在家里用餐能获取养份，美国人发觉他们难以改善自己的饮食，因为他们多次在外购餐。”近年来在家里和餐馆里所备的食物的营养结构都得到了改善，然而，外出用餐的食物包含了较多典型的美国人汲取过多的养份，包括脂肪和饱和脂肪，也包含了较少多数饮食中所缺少的，如钙，纤维和铁。该农业部提议营养教育计划应更着重于教导美国消费者外出用餐时如何预定有益于健康的一餐。人们发现改善后的饮食结构能预防心脏病，中风，癌症，糖尿病，与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折以及试管婴儿的神经缺陷所带来的危险。该部门称，在美国与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折每年在医疗照料费用，医疗失误和早产死亡之上的耗费高达106亿美元。 第二次作业 1、Kill one’s appetite ?Kill time ?Kill the peace ?Kill the mood ?Kill the proposal ?Kill the engine ?Kill the child with kindness 2、If the doctor had been available, the child would not have died. 3、This ticket is available in all parks. 4、I’ll have Mr. Perkin call you back as soon as he is available.
21. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are. 只有当我们看东西不清楚时，我们才意识到我们的眼晴是多么地重要。 22. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. 这些远视的人们能看清远处的东西，但是他们读书却很困难，除非他们把书举到一臂远的距离处去看。 23. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. 同样的理论代代相传，而且总是正确。 24. Events that the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. 老一代记忆犹新的重大历史事件对年轻人来说不过是过眼烟云而已。 25. What they reject more than anything is conformity. 他们所厌恶的莫过于循规蹈矩。 26. These are not questions the old generations can shrug off lightly. 对于这些问题，老一代人确实不予附合。 27. Most customers who go to a supermarket buy from a shopping list. 大多数去超市的顾客都要按程序购物。 28. The comfort and convenience of shopping centers is another factor which makes them popular with customers. 购物中心舒适而且方便，这是超市受人的另外一个原因。 29. Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles. 如果人们努力去改变生活方式，就能远离大多数的疾病。 30. Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease. 同样所有的酒类广告都应当被禁止，对于那些因喝酒导致生病，最终死亡的人应当赔偿。
写作和翻译：实质就是汉译英：汉译英的障碍就是语法和词汇——语法：语序+嵌套 形式最重要！！！高级词汇+复杂局势+过渡衔接 字数：120~180 核心语法定语从句： A is …, which can … 身份/属性；成就和功能。 爱心：Love is a kind of emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes and how hard the way ahead will be. 替换词：friendship; knowledge; family; diligence; insisting; determination; optimism; harmony 替换词：合作精神；勤奋；友谊；家庭；坚持；决心；乐观；和谐——the greatest humanistic spirit …是我们时代的主题（the theme of our era） 流行与时尚fashionable 网络：Internet is a kind of great invention in the 20th century, which can make the peoplefar away from each other in distance closer than ever before. 空调：Air-conditioner is a kind of invention in the 20th century, which can make the temperature comfortable. 总结：主题词发出两个动作：性质+能力 看到图怎么办？ 非限定性定语从句——正如这幅第一眼看上去诙谐可笑但第二眼看上去发人深省的图画生动地描述，给我印象最为深刻的显著特征是…… As is vividly depicted in the picture which seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on the second thoughts, the most striking feature that impresses me profoundly is thatSpring, one of the realest men throughout the history of mankind all around the whole world that I have ever seen in my entire life, who is thebest that there ever was and the best that there ever will be, is a good teacher that is momentous and fundamental to anyone who want to win the future what the light is vital and significant to the people who desire to break through the dark，and that can support us to realize our vision and achieve our goals no matter how dark the world around us becomes and how hard the way ahead will be, because without him, we could have done nothing, including dream, success, hope and future. 预测一AHarmoniousDormitoryLife
成人英语三级英汉互译模拟试题 成人英语三级英汉互译模拟试题： 1. 我认为年轻人应该能够有自己作决定的自由和空间。 I think young people should have the freedom and the space to make their own decisions. 2. 由于奥运会规模越来越大，为了大多数的城市将没有能力举办。 The Olympic Games are growing so big that most cities may not be able to host them in future. 3. 当奥运会结束后，所有累积的专业经验就消失，使下一届主办城市必须一切从零开始。 Currently，once the Games are finished，all the gathered expertise vanishes and the next city has to begin from scratch. 4. 除了一般大学程度的课程之外，卢浮学院也提供大众免费的夜间艺术史课程。 The Ecole du Louvre，in addition to its regular university-level curricula，offers free public evening classes in art history. 5. 你会相信咖啡有助于保护你的脑部免收一种危险的退化性疾病的侵袭吗? Would you believe coffee and help protect your brain from a dangerous degenerative disease? 6. The two of us sit on chairs and stare upward and around until
四六级写作、翻译必背句型 学习步骤和方法：一看二译三比四背 （一）理解并重点掌握其中的常用表达（划线部分） （二）做汉译英练习，即在不看英文的前提下把中文翻译成英语； （三）将自己的译句与原句对照； （四）默写并口头背诵英语原句 特别提醒： 最好要制订进度计划，即具体每天理解和背诵多少个新句，复习多少个旧句。 1. According to a recent survey, each year four million people die from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 2. The latest surveys show that quite a lot of students have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的学生对家庭作业没什么好感。 3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifelong course. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终身的过程。 7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and great efforts should be made to protect local environment from the harmful effects of international tourism. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境不受国际旅游业的不利影响。 9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrant workers will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrant workers have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution. 越来越多的专家相信民工对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。 10. Many citizens complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time (in) waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers. 许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。 11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement. 一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。 13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students' too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。 14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
2019年成人英语三级考试口语英汉互译指导4 31. Given the nature of government and private employers， it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. 32. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi. 33. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven‘t. 34. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner. 35. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10，000 kilos. 36. Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time， we could make a long list of hobbies， taking in everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish， to learning about the stars and making model ships. 37. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath， so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.
一、单选题（共10 道试题，共20 分。） V 1. 自言是为了“发明神道之不诬”的作品是： A. 刘义庆所著的《世说新语》 B. 晋葛洪托名汉刘歆所作的《西京杂记》 C. 干宝的《搜神记》 D. 鲁迅《铸剑》 满分：2 分 2. 在南朝乐府民歌中，艺术形式最为成熟的作品是（）。 A. 《子夜歌》 B. 《读曲歌》 C. 《西洲曲》 D. 《那呵滩》 满分：2 分 3. （）是我国古代一部文学理论和批评的巨著，它以卓越的识见，详审的论述，完整的系统，精美的笔调，构成一部宏伟的文学理论和批评著作，在我国古代文学批评史上是绝无仅有的。 A. 《典论?论文》 B. 《文心雕龙》 C. 《文赋》 D. 《诗品》 满分：2 分 4. ?“无韵之《离骚》”，最根本的一个特点是（）。 A. 写法上如《离骚》 B. 采用楚地的方言 C. 充分铺陈描写 D. 具有深厚的怨愤之情，具有浓郁的抒情性 满分：2 分 5. （）是诗人写作《离骚》的缘由，也是《离骚》的感情基调。 A. “喜” B. “怨” C. “悲” D. “怒” 满分：2 分 6. 《九歌》的名称非常古老，最早来源于（）。 A. 宗教祭祀 B. 民族音乐 C. 典故 D. 神话传说 满分：2 分 7. 反映人民厌倦战争的汉代乐府民歌是（）。 A. 《东门行》 B. 《十五从军征》 C. 《江南》 D. 《陌上桑》
满分：2 分 8. （）是陶渊明辞去彭泽令后初归家时所作，文中写到归途的情景，回家后与家人团聚的情景，来年春天耕种的情景，写出归家时的愉快和隐居的乐趣。 A. 《闲情赋》 B. 《归去来兮辞》 C. 《感士不遇赋》 D. 《桃花源记》 满分：2 分 9. 自言是为了“发明神道之不诬”的作品是（）。 A. 刘义庆所著的《世说新语》 B. 晋葛洪托名汉刘歆所作的《西京杂记》 C. 干宝的《搜神记》 D. 鲁迅《铸剑》 满分：2 分 10. 《孔雀东南飞》最早见于（）。 A. 《昭明文选》 B. 《玉台新咏》 C. 《乐府诗集》 D. 《古文苑》 满分：2 分 二、多选题（共20 道试题，共40 分。） V 1. 就其内容的表现方式来说，（）是构成“古诗十九首”的主要内容。 A. 人民受压迫 B. 封建统治的残酷 C. 游子之歌 D. 思妇之叹 满分：2 分 2. 当时曹操的军国檄文都出自七子中的( )。 A. 应瑒 B. 阮瑀 C. 陈琳 D. 刘桢 满分：2 分 3. 《七发》在辞赋的发展史上有重要地位，是两汉大赋形成内的标志。表现在： A. 在内容上它已呈现出叙事写物、铺张扬厉的特征 B. 在形式上改变楚辞句式中多用虚词的样式 C. 在美学上体现了对崇高壮美的追求 D. “述客主以首引”,此后遂成汉大赋之定式 满分：2 分 4. 下列选项中属于班固的作品的是（）。 A. 《甘泉赋》 B. 《解嘲》 C. 《两都赋》
第一章时态 历届试题 1．在过去的几年里，这加工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute…for) (S99) 2．尽管有很多困难，我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of) (Ss00) 3．小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。(help) (S04) 4．他们的新房子离学校很远。(far) (S07) 5．各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add to) (S07) 6．前天我们订购了二十台洗衣机。(order) (Ss07) 7．网球运动在上海越来越流行了。(popular) (S09) 8．尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施救援。(despite) (S09) I. 一般现在时 1．在公共汽车上李先生总是设法匆匆浏览一下报纸的标题。(glance at) 2．一条装有邮件和食物的小船一星期一次航行到那岛上。(go over to) 3．我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) 4．晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟。(wash up) 5．我认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难的。(have trouble in) 6．不同的国家有不同的问候形式。(form) 7．我们中3／5以上的人喜欢田径运动。(love) 8．大多数学生住在学校附近。(a stone’s throw) 9．有了一台计算机，我们就能更快地做各种各样的工作。(all kinds of) 10．一艘现代化轮船可以在几天内横渡大西洋。(cross) 11．音乐在人类生活中起着重要的作用。(play a … part in) 12．那些孩子中没有一个会演奏乐器。(instrument) 13．他坚持正确的，反对错误的。(persevere) 14．你看起来很累，这音乐将有助于你放松。(relax) 15．缺乏先进的科学技术是一个严重的问题。(1ack) 16．我们用无线电和电视和世界各国人民保持联系。(keep in touch with) 17．巴金全集主要由小说和散文组成。(consist of) 18．那家工厂提供我们各种各样的塑料产品。(provide) 19．每一个人，无论老幼，必须向周围的人学习。(old or young) 20．像英语一样，汉语也有许多谚语。(proverbs) 21．那些学生把大部分零用钱花在书上。(spend) 22．一定有人把我的自行车拿走了，我找不到了。(take) 23．这不仅是我们的卧室，事实上我们什么都在这里干的。(more than) 24．这些年轻人自愿贡献大量时间为老人服务。(volunteer) 25．电脑在科学研究的许多方面替代了人脑。(substitute) 26．我的丈夫和我对音乐有相似的爱好。(similar) 27．有些学生不理解这首诗的含义。(make out) 28．千里之行，始于足下。(start) 29．尽管意见有分歧，他们对维护世界和平有着共同的利益。(in spite of) 30．旅游不仅是一种很好的锻炼形式，也为各国人民之间的文化交流提供了一种重要手段。(in addition to) 31．知识的共享将造福于四面八方的人们。(benefit)
题型四英汉互译 学生学习与生活类 Passage 1 1. 现如今许多学生对上网十分感兴趣。 But it has the good sides and the Bad ones. Generally, we can see the following good sides. First it’s quick for kids to get lots of information they need. 2. They can also open their eyes by making use of the Internet. Besides, they can make a lot of friends on the Internet. But the bad sides are also clear. 3. It is easy for kids to fall in love with computer games and it’s hard for them to stop. That is a waste of time and money, 4. 并且这对他们的学习也有害。To make matters worse, a lot of kids get cheated on the Internet. However , I believe that the good sides are over the bad ones, so I would not give up the Internet. But I will never spend more than one hour on the Internet. 5. In this way， it will not have a bad influence on my life and study. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。讲述了学生上网的两面性：有利的是可以更快地获取知识、提高学习成绩与结交很多朋友；不利的是很容易沉迷于网络游戏、影响学习及上当受骗。 many students are very interested in surfing the Internet.【解析】对……感兴趣be interested in...；上网surf the Internet。 2.他们也可以通过使用网络来开拓他们的视野。【解析】open eyes开拓视野；
先秦两汉六朝文学思考题 1．神话是怎样产生的？ 2．我国古代有哪些著名的神话故事，反映了一些什么社会问题？ 3．什么叫《诗经》的六义？国风的思想内容和艺术特点是怎样的？ 4．《左传》和《战国策》都是什么样的？它们的思想倾向和文章风格各有什么特点？ 5．《孟子》与《庄子》的文章各有什么特点？试举两篇作品加以比较说明。 6．屈原都写了些什么作品？《离骚》的重要内容是什么？对它任何评价？ 7．贾谊和晁错都有哪些代表作？它们的共同点是什么？文章风格又有什么不同？ 8．枚乘与司马相如都有什么代表作？对他们的作品如何评价？试结合两篇作品加以说明。 9．《史记》的体例是怎样的？各种体例之间的关系如何？司马迁写《史记》的动机是什么？ 10．《史记》在人物描写上有什么突出的成就？在文学史上的意义如何？ 11．汉代乐府的思想内容与艺术特点。 12．《孔雀东南飞》主题的社会意义。
13．什么叫建安风骨？曹氏父子对诗歌发展的贡献， 14．陶渊明诗歌的思想内容和艺术特点。 15．左思、鲍照都有些什么代表作？各举出一篇来加以分析。16．南、北朝的民歌在思想内容与艺术形式上有什么显著差异，试结合作品予以说明。 17．魏晋南北朝时期有什么著名的文学批评论著？理论上的主要贡献是什么？ 唐代文学习题： 第一章：1、沈宋和文章四友对五律定型做出了什么贡献。 2、初唐四杰的创作有哪些新变化。 第二章：1、试比较李白和王昌龄绝句的不同之处。 2、王维山水诗和社会风气的关系。 第三章：1、杜甫律诗的主要特征是什么？ 第四章：1、大历诗人的心态与诗风之间的关系。 2、韩愈诗歌的险怪表现在哪些方面。 3、白居易《与元九书》中的主要观点是什么？ 第五章：1、韩愈、柳宗元的古文理论是什么？ 2、韩愈的记叙文有些什么特点。 第六章：1、唐传奇各个阶段的代表作品有哪些？ 2、什么是变文？ 第七章：1、李商隐诗歌中的意境美表现在哪些方面？ 2、杜牧的诗歌有哪些特点。
四六级逻辑关系词小结 表顺承、补充与递进: and what’s more besides moreover furthermore in addition additionally further（而且，况且） similarly also either too again(另外，还有) what’s worse 【例句】 The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect. 表转折： but however yet instead on the other hand（另一方面） on the contrary（相 反地） nevertheless（然而） otherwise after all(毕竟). 【例句】 It’s too hot to go for a walk, let’s go swimming istead. 表因果： for as since now that because thanks/owing/due to because of on account of as a result/consequence of in consequence of result from（vt，由...引起）; 【例句】 We should be more careful, for it is already dark. Let’s stay at home, for it’s raining hard outside. 表让步: although though while even if/though while as 倒装句疑问词 -ever no matter +疑问词 despite in spite of however in any case 【例句】 While I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. Much as you traveled, rarely can you find such a beautiful place anywhere else. Fail as I did, I would never give up. 表目的: in order to/that so as to for fear that so that(以便) lest in case（以防，以免）. 【例句】 He ran away lest he should be seen. She took an umbrella with her for fear (that) it might rain. Take your umbrella in case it rains. 表条件: if unless once(一旦,用于将来动作) so/as long as（只要） suppose (that) supposing that providing (that) provided (that) assuming (that) given that on condition that（如果） in case+句子 in case of+名词（万一）. 【例句】
研究生入学测试英语翻译及作文考题和答 案 一、翻译部分：46. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。47. In Europe ，as elsewhere，multi-media groups have been increasingly successful；groups which bring together television， radio，newspapers， magazines and publishing house that work in relation to one another. 在欧洲就像在其他地方一样多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。48. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in， a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks， no less than 50% took a loss in
阅读下短文，将划线句子翻译成中文或英语。 一、 Making friends is a skill. 1. Before you make friends, you have to decide whom you want to be your friends. Most people like to have friends who like to do the same kind of things as they do. 2. The quickest way to make friends is to smile. When you smile, people think you are friendly to them and easy to talk to. It may not be easy to smile at first, but remember most people will stay away from an angry-looking face. To talk with others is a good way to make friends. One easy way to start a talk with someone is to say something nice about him. 3.Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn’t it make you want to keep talking to that person? Ask your new friends some questions about themselves. Who are their favorite singers? Where do they live? 4.他们放学后做些什么？There are all good questions to start a talk. Make sure you have something to add to the talk，too. 5. When someone asks you a question, y ou’d better have an answer for them. Remember that nothing will stop a talk more quickly than a shrug(耸肩) for an answer. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 二、 Dear Knowledgeable, My best friend, Mei，has a problem. There is an important English speech contest for our whole town next month. (1) Our classmates want her to represent the class in the school contest. Everyone is sure she will win. It's probably true. (2) 梅很聪明并且英语说得非常好。In fact, she always comes top in the school exams. The problem is that she’s very shy. (3)她不想让她的朋友们失望，but she's terrified of speaking in front of other people. She’s my friend，so she can tell me that she's shy. But she can’t tell everyone that. (4) I can’t