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最新农业植物病理学试卷

最新农业植物病理学试卷
最新农业植物病理学试卷

农业植物病理学试卷

农业植物病理学试卷(一)

一、单项选择题

1.Wheat stripe rust caused by ( ).

A. Puccinia striiformis

B. Puccinia recondita

C. Puccinia graminis

D. Uromyces appendiculatu s

2. Gaeumannomyces graminis is the pathogen of ( ).

A. wheat leaf blight

B. wheat sharp eyespot

C. wheat take-all

D. wheat root rot

3. Northern leaf blight of maize caused by ( ).

A. Exserohilum turcicum

B. Bipolaris maydis

C. Cercospora maydis

D. Curvularia lunata

4. Pear scab in China was cause by

A. Venturia nashicola

B. Venturia pirina

C. Venturia inaequalis

D. Spilocaea pomi

5. Late blight disease of potato, the most devastating disease of potatoes in the world, caused by ( ).

A .Phytophthora infestans B. Phytophthora capsici

C. Phytophthora melonis

D. Phytophthora parasitica

6. The pathogen of cucumber downy mildew is ( ).

A. Peronospora parasitica

B. Peronospora manschurica

C. Pseudoperonospora cubensi s

D. Plasmopara viticola

7. Kiwi bacterial canker could infect many parts of plant but not ( ).

A.vine

B. leaf

C. flower

D. root

8. TMV can attack a wide range of plants, but it can’t infect ( ).

A. tomato

B. eggplant

C. cucumber

D. spinach

9. Rice blast caused by ( ).

A Xanthomonas oryzae

B Pyricularia grisea

C Bipolaris oryzae

D Rhizoctonia solani

10. Tomato ( ) is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea.

A. leaf mold

B. gray mold

C. early blight

D. late blight

11. 桃缩叶病在春末夏初叶片表面长出的一层灰白色粉状物,为病菌的()。

A.夏孢子堆B.分生孢子堆 C.子囊层 D.菌丝层

12. 水稻白叶枯病形成的病征是。

A.霉状物 B.粉状物 C.点状物D.脓状物

1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.D

二、填空题(每空1分,共20分)

1.Sweet potato black rot的中文名称,主要危害寄主

的,但部位也可受害。发病的主要时期

在。

2.小麦黄矮病的发生流行除与品种的抗病性有关外,与的发生也密切相关,所以,防治该病时应考虑措施。

3.Rapeseed Sclerotinia stem rot的中文名称是,该病菌是在开花期

以先侵染后,而后引起茎秆发病。

4.Millet downy mildew 的中文名称是,该病害在寄主的各个生育期和不同器官上显露不同的症状,因而获得不同的症状名称,请写出其中的三

个,,。

5.Peach brown rot 的中文名称是,其主要危

害。

6.梨锈病菌具有转主寄生特点,在整个生活中产生4种类型的孢子,其中和

()发生在柏类寄主上,和发生在梨树上。

7.Rice sheath blight 的中文名称是,该病菌主要以形式在土壤越冬。

答案

1.甘薯黑疤(斑)病,薯块/root,地上/underground,贮藏期/in storage

2.蚜虫/aphid,治蚜防病/control aphids

3.油菜菌核病,花瓣/petal

4.谷子白发病,灰背,白发,枪杆,看谷老,刺猬头(任意回答出3个均可)

5.桃褐腐病,果实/fruit

6.冬孢子/teliospore,担孢子/basidiospore,性孢子/pycnospore,锈孢子/aeciospore

7.水稻纹枯病,菌核/sclerotia

三、判断正误题(每小题1分,共10分)

1.玉米大斑病菌分生孢子的脐点平截。( ×)

2.植物霜霉病症状的共同特点是其病部均产生白色霜霉状物。( ×)

3.马铃薯退化的主要原因是由于病毒侵染所致。(√ )

4.土壤温湿度对园艺植物根结线虫病的发生影响较大。(√ )

5.小麦纹枯病是靠气生菌丝在田间扩展。(√)

6.苹果树腐烂病病部枝干在潮湿情况下涌出桔黄色的卷须状物是冬孢子角。( ×)

7.玉米瘤黑粉病为苗期侵染的系统性病害。( ×)

8.小麦赤霉病有再侵染,但在病害流行上不重要。(√ )

9.番茄叶霉病只危害叶片,不危害其他部位。( ×)

10.十字花科蔬菜的软腐病和根肿病均是由细菌侵染所致。( ×)

四、简答题(任选7题用英文或中文作答,每小题6分,共42分)

1.从症状特点、发生时期及为害部位等方面区别水稻纹枯病和稻瘟病?

答案要点:1.水稻纹枯病(1)症状特点:产生云纹状病斑,后期产生菌核;(1分)(2)为害部位:叶鞘;(1分)(3)发生时期:从苗期到穗期均可发生。(1分)2. 稻瘟病(1)症状特点:形成的病斑有明显的褐色边缘,中央灰白色;(1分)(2)为害部位:叶片、叶枕、穗颈、谷粒;(1分)(3)发生时期:整个生育期均有发病。(1分)2.What advice should you give to farmers if they found Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt in cotton field.

答案要点:(1)Plant quarantine should be enhanced in the disease-free field.(1分)(2)Cultivating and planting disease-resistant varieties.(1分)(3)Crop rotation.(1分)(4)Strengthen the cultivation management.(1分)(5)Fungicide control.(1分)(6)Biological control.(1分)

3.Please distinguish the differences of symptom between pear scab and apple scab.

答案要点:Apple and pear scab can be observed on leaves, petioles, blossoms, sepals, fruit, pedicels, and less frequently, on young shoots and bud scales.(1)Lesions on leaves and petioles begin as round, brownish spots that eventually become velvety in appearance. Within these lesions conidia are produced. Later in the season, small spots can be observed on the lower surface of the leaves. These are usually the result of late spring or early summer infections.;(3分)(2)The first lesions are often found on the lower surfaces of leaves as they emerge and are exposed to infection in the spring. Later, as the leaves unfold, both surfaces are exposed and can become infected. Young lesions are velvety brown to olive green and have feathery, indistinct margins. With time, the margins become distinct, but they may be obscured if several lesions coalesce.(3分)

4.Please summerize the control methods of cucumber downy mildew.

答案要点:(1)Select disease-resistant varieties;(1分)(2)The control temperature and humidity in greenhouse;(2分)(3)Strengthen the cultivation management: inceasing CO2; application of foliage fertilizer;(2分)(4)Fungicide control.(1分)

5.番茄常发的真菌性叶斑病有哪几种?简述其中两种病害的症状特点。

答案要点:(1)番茄常发的真菌性叶斑病有晚疫病、早疫病、叶霉病和灰霉病。(2分)(2)任意答出一种病害的症状特点2分,至少答出两种病害的特点。(4分)

6.Please analyse the conditions of disease development of wheat sacb.

答案要点:(1)Climatic conditions: Rainfall, rainfall hour, relative humidity during flowering;(2分)(2)The amount of primary infection source;(2分)(3)Varietal resistance:the resistance are different among different of varieties.(2分)7.简述我国小麦条锈病大区流行规律。

答案要点:(1)小麦条锈菌夏孢子能随气流远距离传播,使小麦锈病的流行范围涵盖不同自然生态地理区,不同国家,甚至不同大陆,在相当大的地域内,锈病流行过程是一个不可分割的整体,故将其称为大区流行。(2分)(2)我国小麦条锈病有三个流行区系:中东部流行区系;云南流行区系;新疆流行区系,并对其作简要说明。(4分)8.What is the TAD(Take-all Decline) of wheat?

答案要点:Continuous wheat producers may get help from a phenomenon called "take-all decline." After take-all severity peaks in the fourth or fifth year of continuous wheat, severity may then decline due to parasites of the take-all fungus itself. Afterwards, take-all severity usually remains low enough to tolerate. However, just one year of rotation to a different crop means you have to start all over again. That means you have to suffer high losses for several years before you regain take-all decline. Take-all doesn't like acid soils and is suppressed when the pH gets much below 6.0. When continuous wheat is limed, severe take-all often results. It is good practice to combine liming with crop rotation.

五、论述题(任选1题作答,共10分)

1.描述苹果树腐烂病的是识别症状特点,并根据其在我国的发生规律,制定出合理的综合防治方案。

答案要点:(1)简要说明其症状特点(包括危害部位,识别特征,发病时期);(2分)(2)回答该病害的病害循环(包括越冬、初侵染、侵染方式、再侵染等);(3分)(3)回答影响病害发生的条件(包括树势强弱、病菌数量、伤口及气候条件等);(2分)(4)病害控制措施:壮树防病;清除病菌;病斑治疗。(3分)

2.简述近年我国蔬菜的主要病害种类,并根据病害发生情况和规律,制定病害综合防治方案(参考课堂讲授内容)。

答案要点:(1)对我国目前蔬菜的主要病害种类进行阐述(主要包括十字花科蔬菜病害、茄科蔬菜病害、葫芦科蔬菜病害);(3分)(2)病害的发生规律(从气传病害、种传和土传病害、虫传病害作说明);(3分)(3)综合治理措施(包括选用抗病品种、清除菌源、耕作栽培管理、化学防治)。(4分)

农业植物病理学试卷(二)

一、单项选择题

1.Wheat leaf rust caused by ( ).

A. Puccinia striiformis

B. Puccinia recondita

C. Puccinia graminis

D. Uromyces appendiculatu s

2. Rizoctonia cerealis is the pathogen of ( ).

A. wheat leaf blight

B. wheat sharp eyespot

C. wheat take-all

D. wheat root rot

3. Southern leaf blight of maize caused by ( ).

A. Exserohilum turcicum

B. Bipolaris maydis

C. Cercospora maydis

D. Curvularia lunata

4. Although several viruses are known to infect cruciferous plants, the most important virus is ( ).

A. TMV

B. PVX

C. CaMV

D. TuMV

5. Pepper Phytophthora blight, the most devastating disease pepper in the world, caused by ( ).

A .Phytophthora Infestans B. Phytophthora capsici

C. Phytophthora melonis

D. Phytophthora parasitica

6. The pathogen of grape downy mildew is ( ).

A. Peronospora parasitica

B. Peronospora manschurica

C. Pseudoperonospora cubensi s

D. Plasmopara viticola

7. Kiwi bacterial canker mainly infect ( ).

A. root

B. leaf

C. flower

D. trunk

8. TMV transmitted readily from plant to plant by( )

A mechanical means

B aphids

C thrips

D seed

9. Rice blast caused by ( ).

A Pyricularia grisea

B Xanthomonas oryzae

C Bipolaris oryzae

D Rhizoctonia solani

10. Tomato ( ) is caused by the fungus Fulvia fulva.

A. leaf mold

B. gray mold

C. early blight

D. late blight

11. 油菜白锈病的病原为Albugo candida,其属于()

A 担子菌亚门

B 半知菌亚门

C 鞭毛菌亚门

D 子囊菌亚门

12. 苹果黑星病在其症状部位产生的黑色霉层为()。

A 子囊及子囊孢子

B 担子及担孢子

C 孢囊梗及孢囊孢子 D分生孢子梗及分生孢子

1.B 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.C 12.D

二、填空题(每空1分,共20分)

1.Rice bacterialleaf blight的中文名称是,该病菌主要通过入侵寄主,气候条件利于发病。

2.园艺植物根结线虫病主要危害根,其线虫的生活史长短因而异,因此,各地年发生代数不完全相同。

3.十字花科蔬菜的三大病害是指,,。

4.Millet downy mildew 的中文名称是,该病害在寄主的各个生育期和不同器官上显露不同的症状,因而获得不同的症状名称,请写出其中的三个,,。

5.Cotton Fusarium wilt 的中文名称是,cotton Verticillium wilt 的中文名称是。

6.Grape downy mildew 的中文名称是,该病害在叶背产生的白色霉层,为病原菌的。

7.小麦生长的是最易受小麦赤霉病菌侵染的时期。

8.辣椒疫病病菌主要以形式在或上越冬;气候条件有利于病害的发生和流行。

答案

1.水稻白叶枯病,寄主孔口或伤口/nateral openings or wounds,适温多雨/the optimum temperature and rain

2.土壤温度/soil temperature

3.软腐病/soft rot,病毒病/viral diseases,霜霉病/downy mildew

4.谷子白发病,灰背,白发,枪杆,看谷老,刺猬头(任意回答出3个均可)

5.棉花枯萎病/cotton Fusarium wilt,棉花黄萎病/cotton Verticillium wilt

6.葡萄霜霉病,孢囊梗和孢子囊/sporangiophore and sporangium

7.扬花期/blooming stage

8.卵孢子/oospore,土壤/soil,病残体/residues,适温高湿/suitable temperature and high humidity

三、判断正误题(每小题1分,共10分)

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