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高考英语翻译技巧小结及练习题

高考英语翻译技巧小结及练习题
高考英语翻译技巧小结及练习题

高考英语翻译技巧小结及练习题

一、高中英语翻译

1.高中英语翻译题:翻译句子

1.只有当我们了解了不同的肢体语言我们才可以很好地跟人们交流。(only+状语从句)

________________________________________________________________________

2.这就是我们未来的生活。(what引导的名词性从句)

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【答案】

1. Only when we have mastered the different body languages can we communicate well with them.

2. This is what our life will be like in the future.

【解析】

【分析】

本大题为根据括号内的要求把汉语句子翻译成英语。翻译时尽可能地精确,按照要求翻译还要注意某些特殊的语法项目。如倒装句式等。

1.考查倒装句式。本大题要求用only+状语从句来翻译。Only+状语从句置于句首,主句要部分倒装。因此本句要翻译成部分倒装。同时要注意运用短语如肢体语言可译成“body languages”,与某人交流可译为“ communicate with”。因此本句可译为Only when we have mastered the different body languages can we communicate well with them。

2.考查由what引导的名词从句。分析句子可知,本句是一个表语从句,表语从句中的介词like缺少宾语,可用what引导。因此本句可译为:This is what our life will be like in the future.

2.高中英语翻译题:Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.为了安全起见,小孩不应该被单独留在家里。(leave)

_________________

2.深深吸了一口气,他面带微笑地走上了舞台。(with)

_________________

3.一个人待人处世的方式能反映出他是怎样的人。(the way)

_________________

4.只有当一系列奇数问题得到解决,到 2025 年,新能源汽车才能占汽车销量的百分之二十。(Only)

_________________

【答案】

1.For the sake of safety/ For safety, children / a child should not be left alone at home 2.Having taken a deep breath, he went up to the stage with a smile on his face.

3.The way a person treats others can reflect what kind of person he is.

4.Only when a series of technical problems are solved can new energy cars account for 20 percent of all the car sales by 2025.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查翻译,注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。

1.考查被动语态和“leave+宾语+宾补”结构。根据句意可知本句使用 leave sb alone表示“把某人单独留下”,children / a child与leave之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态,故翻译为:For the sake of safety/ For safety, children / a children should not be left alone at home

2.考查非谓语动词。he与take a deep breath之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,而且take a deep breath明显发生在went up to之前,所以用现在分词的完成式作状语,故翻译为:Having taken a deep breath, he went up to the stage with a smile on his face.

3.考查定语从句和宾语从句。way作先行词,定语从句的关系词,有三中引导方法:in which,that或省略,reflect为宾语从句,从句中缺少表语,用what引导,故翻译为:The way a person treats others can reflect what kind of person he is.

4.考查倒装。account for表示“占(比例)”,“only+状语”位于句首时,其后要用部分倒装,故翻译为:Only when a series of technical problems are solved can new energy cars account for 20 percent of all the car sales by 2025.

3.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.交友时不要以貌取人。(base)

________________

2.经历了一场大病后,他明白了生命无价。(suffer)

________________

3.2018上海进口博览会展示了创新理念,促进了自由贸易。(meanwhile)

________________

4.不管到哪里旅游,都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。这样才能成为一名文明的游客。(no matter)

________________

【答案】

1.Don’t judge a person based on his appearance when making friends.

2.After he suffered a serious illness, he realized that life is priceless.

3.The 2018 Shanghai International Import Expo shows innovative ideas, meanwhile it promotes free trade.

4.No matter where you travel, you should respect the local customs and habits, which will help you become a civilized traveller.

【解析】

【分析】

考查重点单词句型翻译。

1.短语be based on“以……为基础”,本句为否定祈使句,用when引导时间状语从句,译为Don’t judge a person based on his appearance when making friends.。

2.Suffer“遭受;忍受;经历”,本句为after引导的状语从句,译为After he suffered a serious illness, he realized that life is priceless.。

3.“上海进口博览会”为“Shanghai International Import Expo”;“创新理念”为“innovative ideas”,故译为The 2018 Shanghai International Import Expo shows innovative ideas, meanwhile it promotes free trade.。

4.本句为no matter+where引导的状语从句,且主句后用非限定性定语从句修饰,故译为No matter where you travel, you should respect the local customs and habits, which will help you become a civilized traveller.。

4.高中英语翻译题:Translation

1.不掌握大量词汇是无法学好一门外语的。(without)

2.对于怎么解决我的问题,我的同事提出来很多建设性建议。(as to )

3.她的演讲非常有趣,观众忍不住时不时发出笑声。(cannot help)

4.生态保护对人类的福祈和未来至关重要,也孕育着世界发展的历史性机遇。(bring about )

【答案】

1.There is no way to lean a foreign language well without mastering great amounts of vocabulary.

2.As to how to settle my problems my workmates supported many constructive advice. 3.Her speech was so amusing that the audience couldn’t help bursting into laughter now and then.

4.Ecological protection is essential to human beings well-being and future, which also brings about the historical opportunity of the world’s development.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查学生对于词汇的应用能力和语句构造能力。

1.考查固定句式和介词短语作原因状语。分析句子可知,可以使用固定句式:there is no way to do,意为“无法做某事”;提供介词without可以构成without+V-ing 宾语结构作原因状语,意为“在没有…的情况下”,再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:There is no way to lean a foreign language well without mastering great amounts of vocabulary. 。

2.考查固定结构和时态。分析句子可知,as to 意为“对于…”,之后接名词性短语。因此汉语“怎么解决我的问题”,可以译为“how to settle my problems”, 分析可得时态为过去发生的时间,用一般过去时。再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:As to how to settle my problems my workmates supported many constructive advice。

3.考查固定结构和结果状语从句。分析句子可知,前后句为因果关系,可用“so…that”句

式,译为“如此,,,以致于…”,所给动词词组cannot help 为固定结构,之后接+V-ing ,译为“禁不住做某事”。结合语境表达,应为一般过去时态,再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:Her speech was so amusing that the audi ence couldn’t help bursting into laughter now and then. 4.考查固定结构和非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知,“对..至关重要”可用词组is essential to,主语为Ecological protection,宾语为human beings well-being and future,所提供固定结构bring about可意为“孕育”,且后半句可以用非限制性定语从句翻译,先行词由Ecological protection充当。再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:Ecological protection is essential to human beings well-being and future, which also brings about the historical opportunity of the world’s development.

【点睛】

第4小题属于难度较大题目,在词汇,句式,语法方面要求较高。词汇方面:be essential to对..很重要,bring about 引起,在做此题时,可以将题目一分为二:即:1)生态保护对人类的福祈和未来至关重要。2)生态保护也孕育着世界发展的历史性机遇。分别翻译可得:

Ecological protection is essential to human beings well-being and future

Ecological protection also brings about the historical opportunity of the world’s development.确立先行词为Ecological protection,第2句中作主语,用关系代词which引导。因此可以翻译为:Ecological protection is essential to human beings well-being and future, which also brings about the historical opportunity of the world’s development.

5.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.你的思想越开明,就越不容易受他人观点的影响。(The more...)

2.到底是什么让你对考试结果抱有如此乐观的态度?(it)

3.面对激烈的竞争和许多不确定因素,家长对孩子的学业成绩感到焦虑是一件很正常的事。(face)

4.社会发展的速度飞快,如果你固执于陈旧的观念无法跟上时代的步伐,那么不久你就会被时代抛弃。(So)

【答案】

1.The more open-minded you are, the less easily you’ll be influenced by others’ opinions. 2.What is it that makes you hold such a positive attitude towards the result of the examination? 3.When parents are facing / faced with fierce competition and plenty of uncertainties, it is natural for them to feel anxious about their ch ildren’s academic performance.

4.So fast is the society developing that if you stick to outdated concepts and can’t keep up with the pace of the times, it won’t be long before you are abandoned / deserted by the times.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查汉译英,注意按括号内的要求翻译。

1.考查固定句式。“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”,根据句意可知,从句

用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,故翻译为:The more open-minded you are, the less easily you’ll be influenced by others’ opinions.

2.考查强调句型的特殊疑问句形式。强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为:what is it that…?陈述的是客观情况,应该用一般现在时,故翻译为:What is it that makes you hold such a positive attitude towards the result of the examination?

3.考查face的用法和形式主语。face表示“面对”时是及物动词,后面直接接宾语,也可用短语be faced with表示“面对”,根据句意可知本句用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:When parents are facing / faced with fierce competition and plenty of uncertainties, it is natural for them to feel anxious about their children’s academic performance.

4.考查so…that的倒装和条件状语从句。stick to表示“坚持、固执于”,keep up with 表示“赶上”,so…that结构中so连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要进行倒装,that后的结果状语从句不倒装,if引导的条件状语从句的复合句遵循“主将从现”

原则,故翻译为:So fast is the society developing that if you stick to outdated concepts and can’t keep up with the pace of the times, it won’t be long before you are abandoned / deserted by the times.

6.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.值得一提的是,这座刚落成的教学楼配备了先进的视听设备。(worth)

2.在新品发布前,老板要求广告公司展开调查来收集潜在客户的信息。(demand)

3.面对着诸多不确定因零,家长对孩子的学业成绩感到焦虑是一件正常的事情。(face) 4.要牢记:只要按部就班实现每个短期目标,我们就可以在科研上取得一个又一个的突破。(Bear)

【答案】

1.It is worth mentioning that the newly-built teaching building has been equipped with advanced audio-visual equipment.

2.Before the new product is launched, the boss has demanded that the advertising agency (should) carry out a survey to collect/gather information about potential clients.

3.When they are facing/ (faced with) many uncertainties, it is natural/normal parents to feel anxious about their children's academic performance.

4.Bear in mind that as long as we reach every short-term goal step by step, we can make one breakthrough after another in scientific research

【解析】

【分析】

本本大题考查用所给的词翻译英语句子。此种题首先要分析所给的汉语句意及所给词的用法,明确考核的要点,选择恰当的词语搭配。这不仅要用所给的语法项目进行恰当的翻译,同时还要注意翻译句子时要根据具体的语境。此外一定要避免汉语式的英语翻译。1.考查固定用法。“Sth. be worth doing worth”为固定用法,意为“某事值得做”。“be

equipped with...”为固定搭配,意为“配备有......”。此句中的根据语境可知,因此可用it作形式主语,真正的主语是“这座刚落成的教学楼配备了先进的视听设备”。故本句可译为: It is worth mentioning that the newly-built teaching building has been equipped with advanced audio-visual equipment.

2.考查demand引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。Demand在表示“要求”时,所引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should也可省略。故本句可译为:Before the new product is launched, the boss has demanded that the advertising agency (should) carry out a survey to collect/gather information about potential clients.

3.考查face的用法。“某人面对某事时”可用“sb. face sth.” 或用“sb. be faced with...”。根据语境可知,此句是由when引导的状语从句。故本句可译为:When they are facing/ (faced with) many uncertainties, it is natural/normal parents to feel anxious about their children's academic performance.

4.考查固定用法。“Bear ...in mind”为固定用法,意为“把......记住”。根据语境可知,bear

的宾语中含有一个状语从句,“只要按部就班实现每个短期目标”可译为“as long as we reach every short-term goal ste p by step”,第二句中“取得突破”要运用“make one breakthrough”。故本句可译为:Bear in mind that as long as we reach every short-term goal step by step, we can make one breakthrough after another in scientific research。

7.高中英语翻译题:Translation

1.仅凭你提供的证据无法证明他是有罪的。 (alone)

2.纵然观点不一,我们仍旧可以齐心协力。 (divide)

3.你要十分小心,这个路口十分容易发生车祸。 (occur)

4.有人声称引入野生鳄鱼不会对当地其他物种造成威胁,但这一决定遭到许多动物保护专家的强烈反对。 (claim)

【答案】

1.It was impossible to prove he was guilty based on the evidence you provided alone. 2.Although we are divided in our opinions, we still could make joint-efforts.

3.You should be very careful, because car accidents are most likely to occur at the crossroads. 4.It is claimed that introducing the wild crocodile would not pose threat to other species, but this decision cause strong objections made by animals protection experts.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查翻译,注意使用括号内的提示词翻译。

1.考查形式主语和定语从句。根据句意可知本句使用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面

的不定式,同时运用定语从句,先行词为evidence,关系词在从句中作provided的宾语,提示词alone作副词,意为“仅仅”,语境表明事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故翻

译为:It was impossible to prove he was guilty based on the evidence you provided alone。2.考查让步状语从句。根据句意可知用although引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”,be

divided in表示“在……上意见有分歧”,故翻译为:Although we are divided in our opinions, we still could make joint-efforts。

3.考查原因状语从句。根据句意可知用because引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”,be likely to do表示“有可能……”,occur为不及物动词,表示“发生”,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:You should be very careful, because car accidents are most likely to occur at the crossroads。

4.考查固定句式和非谓语动词。It is claimed that...表示“据称、有人称”,objections 与make之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:It is claimed that introducing the wild crocodile would not pose threat to other species, but this decision cause strong objections made by animals protection experts。

8.高中英语翻译题:Translation

1.阅读诗歌译本就如同穿着雨衣淋雨,你永远无法感知到水滴的碰撞。(like)

2.为了抹去过往的痛苦回忆,她决定将所有他的信件付之一炬。(wipe)

3.他文科很棒,所以很有机会被他心仪的大学录取。(stand)

4.他的言论使得一件之前无人问津的小事变成了所有人现在都不得不关注的国际事件。(to which)

【答案】

1.Reading a translation of a poem is like wearing a raincoat in the rain, you can never feel the collision of water droplets.

2.In order to wipe the painful memories, she decided to set all his letters on fire.

3.He stands out in liberal arts, so he has a good chance of getting admitted to the university he wants.

4.His comments turned a small matter that no one had cared about before into an international event to which everyone now has to pay attention.

【解析】

1.“阅读诗歌译本”用动名词作主语,like意为“像”,是介词,后面接名词或动名词作宾语。故翻译为:Reading a translation of a poem is like wearing a raincoat in the rain, you can never feel the collision of water droplets.

2.表示“为了”,可用“in order to do”或“to do”结构,“抹去”是wipe,“决定做某事”是decide to do。故翻译为:In order to wipe the painful memories, she decided to set all his letters on fire.

3.表示“很棒”,可用“stand out”。“被……录取”可用“be admitted to”表示。定语从句用he wants表示。故翻译为:He stands out in liberal arts, so he has a good chance of getting admitted to the university he wants.

4.表示“使……转变成……”,可用turn…into…。表示“关注”,可用pay attention to。用定语从句来修饰a small matter 和an international event。故答案为His comments turned a small matter that no one had cared about before into an international event to which everyone now

has to pay attention.

9.高中英语翻译题:Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.已经有越来越多的人求助于瑜伽(yoga)来缓解工作中的压力。(turn)

2.在我们做出最终决定之前,我们务必要把相关事实考虑在内。(consideration)

3.这个游戏的独特之处在于它帮助孩子学会如何应对现实生活中他们可能遇到的问题。(What)

4.只有通过参与社区志愿者活动才能有效地增强学生服务大众的责任感。(Only)

【答案】

1.More and more people turn to yoga to relieve the stress from work.

2.Before we made the final decision, we make sure that the relative facts should be taken into consideration.

3.What makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to deal with the problems they may meet in real life.

4.Only by taking part in the community voluntary activities, can the students increase the sense of serving the people.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查学生对于词汇语句实境的应用能力。

1.考查比较级句式和动词固定结构。分析句子结构可知,时态为一般现在时,主语为“越来越多的人”,即:more and more people,谓语动词为turn to,意为“求助于”,“来缓解工作中的压力”为目的状语,可用to do 不定式表目的。故翻译为:More and more people turn to yoga to relieve the stress from work.

2.考查状语从句和名词固定结构。分析句子可知,“在我们做出最终决定之前”为时间状语从句,由before 引导,主句主语为“我们”we, 谓语为“确保”,make sure,之后可接宾语从句。提供词consideration 可构成固定结构“take sth into consideration”,意为”将……考虑在内”。故翻译为:Before we made the final decision, we make sure that the relative facts should be taken into consideration.

3.考查主语从句和疑问词+to do 不定式作宾语。分析句子可知,句子主语为“这个游戏的独特之处”,可由what 引导主语从句,谓语为“在于”,可由be动词充当,“它帮助孩子学会如何应对现实生活中他们可能遇到的问题”可作表语从句,且使用how to deal with the problems 短语结构。故翻译为:What makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to deal with the problems they may meet in real life.

4.考查倒装句式。分析句子结构可知,“只有通过参与社区志愿者活动”可由only 引导方式状语位于句首,主句使用部分倒装结构,即:only +方式状语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语……” ,故翻译为:Only by taking part in the community voluntary activities, can the students increase the sense of serving the people.

【点睛】

“only+状语置于句首引起的倒装句”的基本用法

副词only置于句首,强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时,主句要进行部分倒装。即构成:Only+状语结构+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他

例如:

Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair. 只有在大城市里才能买到新轮椅。Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake.

只有当我们再次研究了这些数据的时候,我们才意识到出了一个错。

Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. 一些预订被取消了,他才得以买到了几张票。

小题4考查only引导的倒装句式。需要掌握句式结构的前提下,灵活御用所学词汇和短语结构。比如“参与”可由take part in 表达,“……的责任感”可由the sense of…表达。

因此全句翻译为: Only by taking part in the community voluntary activities, can the students increase the sense of serving the people.

10.高中英语翻译题:Translation

1.店主在卖这台空气净化器时向你开价多少?(charge)

2.参加社区服务对提高青少年的综合能力有好处。(involve)

3.就是在我周末经常去看书的那个图书馆,我碰巧遇到了我的小学同窗。(It)

4.尽管网购商品价格便宜,但我觉得盲目购物是不明智的,毕竟质量才是王道。(despite)

【答案】

1.How much did the shop owner charge you for the air cleaner?

2.Being involved in community service does good to/benefits/is of benefit to/contributes to improving teenagers ‘overall/comprehensive abilities.

3.It was in the library where I often go to read books that I came across/met with/ran across/ ran into/ encountered my former/old classmates in primary school.

4.Despite the low prices of online goods, shopping online blindly is unwise/not sensible, for, after all, quality is king/the God/everything/the best policy/the key factor/the most important thing.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查翻译,注意按括号内的要求翻译。

1.考查时态和短语charge sb…for sth的用法。charge sb…for sth表示“就某物向某人要价……”,语境表明事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故翻译为:How much did the shop owner charge you for the air cleaner?

2.考查非谓语动词和固定短语。be involved in表示“参与”,benefit可作及物动词,表示“有益于”,后面直接接宾语,也可用do good to/be of benefit to/contribute to表示“有益于、对……有好处”,这三个短语中的to是介词,后面需要接名词或动名词作宾语,根据句意可

知本句用动名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:Being involved in community service does good to/benefits/is of benefit

to/contributes to improving teenagers ‘ove rall/comprehensive abilities.

3.考查强调句型和定语从句。根据提示词it确定本句使用强调句型,其基本结构为:it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分,本剧强调的是地点状语,其中强调句型中包含了一个定语从句,先行词为library,关系词在从句中充当地点状语,用关系副词where来引导定语从句,陈述的是过去的事情,应该用一般过去时,可以用come across/meet with/run across/ run into/encounter表示“(偶然)遇到”,故翻译为:It was in the library where I often go to read books that I came across/met with/ran across/ ran into/encountered my former/old classmates in primary school.

4.考查despite的用法。despite是介词,表示“尽管”,后面不能接句子,而要接名词或名词性短语,根据句意可知本句用动名词作主语,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:Despite the low prices of online goods, shopping online blindly in unwise/not sensible, for, after all, quality is king/the God/everything/the best policy/the key factor/the most important thing.

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