当前位置:文档之家› 知识点

知识点

知识点
知识点

初一英语知识点汇总

一、词法

1、名词

A)、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:

一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans,apples, bananas

二)x,sh, ch, s, ch后加es。如:boxes,glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如:baby-babies, family-families,duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days,boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives,half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员

九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作works作品,工厂, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子, light 光线lights灯, people人peoples民族,time时间times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉chickens小鸡十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或‘s。如:Is (I‘s), Ks (K‘s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet,

mouse-mice,policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:

一)单数在后面加‘s。如:brother‘s, Mike‘s, teacher‘s

二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加‘,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers‘ Day教师节,classmates‘; Children‘s Day六一节, Women‘s Day三八节

三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个‘s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben‘s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike‘s and Ben‘s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

2、代词

项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词

人称主格宾格形容词名词性

第一人称单数I me my mine myself

复数we us our ours ourselves

第二人称单数you you your yours yourself

复数you you your yours yourselves

第三人称单数she her her hers herself

he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself

复数they them their theirs these thosethemselves

3、动词

A)第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:

一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees,dances, trains

二)在x,sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches,washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes

五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has

B)现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:

一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing,see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching,go-going, do-doing

二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing,write-writing, have-having

三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show

–showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running,

get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying 位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:

一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest,shorter –shortest, taller –tallest,longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly mostfriendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)

good/well -better best many/much - more most bad/ill– worse worst

little- lessleast old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth,thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

agree with sb 同意某人的看法agree on sth 同意某事

arrive at/in sp 到达某地ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事

ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事be interested in sth 对某事感兴趣be busy doing/with sth

忙于做某事be strict in sth 对某事要求严格be strict with sb 对某人要求严格decide to do sth 决定做某事dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事find sb do/doing sth 发现

某人做某事finish doing sth 完成某事give sb sth 给某人某物give sth to sb 给某人某物have fun doing sth 做…很有趣help sb with sth 帮助某人某事help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事help sb sth=help sth to sb it‘s time for sth 该做某事了it‘s time for sb to do sth 该某人做某事了

it‘s time to do sth 该做某事了like doing/to do sth 喜欢做某事

make sb do sth 让某人做某事mind (sb) doing sth 介意(某人)做某事pass sb sth 把某物递给某人pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人

practice doing sth 练习做某事remember doing sth 记得做过某事remember to do sth 记得要做某事see sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事show sb sth 给某人看某物show sth to sb 给某人看某物spend…(in) doing sth 花费…做某事spend…on sth 花费…在某物上start doing sth 开始做某事start to do sth 开始做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事stop to do sth 停下来再做某事

talk about sth 谈论某事talk to/with sb 与某人交谈

tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事want sth 想要某物

want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事

watch sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事wish to do sth 希望做某事would like to do sth 想要做某事

㈠短语总结

1. 在学校大门口at the school gate

2. 来学校come to school

3. 去学校go to school

4. 上课have class / have classes

5. 步行on foot

6. 骑自行车ride a bike/ ride bikes/ by bike / on a bike

7. 坐公交by bus / take a bus

8. 坐地铁by subway / take the subway / on the subway

9. 坐飞机by plane/ take the plane / on the plane

10. 坐小汽车by car / in a car/ take a car/ drive a car

11. 坐轮船by ship

12. 坐小船by boat

13. 坐火车by train / on the train

14. 在我们组in our group

15. 一群学生 a group of students

16. 我们中的三个人three of us

17. 在平日on weekdays

18. 在周末on the weekends / at weekends

19. 起床get up

20. 睡觉go to bed

21. 早起get up early

22. 回家go home

23. 到家get home

24. 去动物园go to the zoo

25. 去公园go to the park

26. 看电影see a movie / film

27. 看电视watch TV

28. 在晚上in the evening / at night

29. 帮助父母help parents

30. 做某人的家庭作业do one‘s ( my/ her/ his/ your/ their)homework

31. 在学校at school 32. 知道,了解know about / learn about

33. 校园生活school life

34. 一个美国学生an American student

35. 在美国in America / in the U.S.A.

36. 许多学生many students/ a lot of students/ lots of students

37. 很少very few

38. 吃午饭have lunch

39. 出去吃饭eat out

40. 在校期间on school days

41. 休息一会have a short rest/ break

42. 午饭后after lunch

43. 在某人的业余时间in one‘s ( my/ his/ her/ their…)free/ spare time

44. 打篮球play basketball

45. 踢足球play soccer / football

46. 弹钢琴play the piano

47. 弹吉他play the guitar

48. 拉二胡play erhu

49. 去游泳go swimming / go for a swim

50. 去划船go boating

51. 球赛a ball game / ball games

52. 一年四次four times a year

53. 听音乐listen to music

54. 读书read books

55. 看报read newspapers

56. 看医生see a doctor

57. 去图书馆go to the library

58. 一周两次twice a week

59. 见朋友meet friends

60. 每天every day

61. 在七点半at half past seven

62. 一小会for a little while / for a short time

63. 晚饭后after supper

64. 吃饭have dinner

65. 吃早饭have breakfast

㈡重要句型

1. I usually come to school by subway.

同义句: I usually take the subway to school.

对划线部分提问: How do you usually come to school?

类似的有:

go to school by bike=go to school

on a bike= ride a bike to school=ride to school

go home by bus=go home on a bus=take a bus home

2. How do you usually/ often…?你通常/经常怎样…?

3. It‘s time for class.=It‘s time to have class. =It‘s time for having class.

4. What about you? =How about you?

5. How often …? 询问频率,回答可以用频率副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day ,every +其他时间名词或表示频率的短语回答

表示频率的短语:次数+单位时间

e.g. : once a day / twice a week / three times a month

6. The early bird catches the work. (谚语) 笨鸟先飞

7. Work / Study must come first. 工作/ 学习必须放在第一位!

8. Classes begin at eight. =Class begins at eight.

提问:What time does the class begin? / What time do the classes begin?

㈢重要单词的用法

1. look (感官动词) 看起来,后面加形容词

His mother looks very young.

They look very cute.

Her dress looks very nice.

You look very cool in this coat.

2. by 介词

by 后面直接加表示交通工具的名词,中间不用任何词修饰,如:by bike

by +动词ing形式,表示通过某种方式

People show love to their mothers by giving cards.

You can be a good student by working hard.

3. over (形容词)

School / Class is over.

4. begin

现在分词: beginning 过去式: began

begin to do sth , begin doing sth

He begins to write a letter. =He begins writing a letter.

如果begin本身为分词,只能用begin to do sth

He is beginning to run.

5. listen to 听(动作),hear 听见(结果)

6. always 反义词never

7. 本话题涉及的时态为一般现在时,句中常有频率副词或表示频率的短语,如果主语为三单,动词一定要用三单!

(四)易错题

1. You new watch ______ (look) very nice!

2. Here ______(be) some news.

3. Oh, come on! It‘s time_____ going to school.

4. They usually go to school on ________(feet).

5. In my class, forty of _______(we) go to school by bike.

6. The early bird ______ (catch) the worm.

7. Kangkang often _____ (ride) a bike to the park.

8. What time _____ (be)school over?

9. Work must come ______(once).

10. It‘s time ____y ou to get up.

11. We often _____ books in the morning.

12. Jill‘s friend like ______(study) in our school.

13. Mr. Wang teaches ______(we) English. _____ of us like him.

14. How about ______(go) out with me? 15. Most students go to school _____ the school bus.

16. _______ do you go shopping with your mother?

A. How soon

B. How far

C. How often

D. How much

17. What time do you usually get up _____ weekdays?

18. He ______ busy, so he has no time to play with us.

A. is always

B. seldom is

C. always is

D. often is

19. The last class______(finish) at twelve o‘clock.

20. Let‘s go______(boat).

21. It‘s time to have breakfast. (同义句)

______________________________________________________.

22. Michael often rides a bike to school. (同义句)

______________________________________________________.

23. I always go to work on foot. (对划线部分提问)

______________________________________________________.

24. My mother goes shopping twice a week. (对划线部分提问)

______________________________________________________.

25. Mary always reads books in the library. (反义句)

______________________________________________________.

26. He usually does his homework at school. (否定句)

______________________________________________________.

27. They often go to school by bus in the morning. (对划线部分提问) ______________________________________________________.

28. Jane seldom watches TV on weekdays. (改为一般疑问句)

______________________________________________________.

29. He usually has lunch at home. (对划线部分提问)

______________________________________________________.

30. Li Ping often goes to work on foot. (同义句)

______________________________________________________.

31. 几乎没有学生乘地铁去学校。

______________________________________________________. 32.我通常放学后做运动。

______________________________________________________. 33.你经常在图书馆看书吗?

______________________________________________________. 34.她母亲每天购物一次。

______________________________________________________. 35.他们在业余时间做什么?

______________________________________________________.

36. 他们一年举行四次球赛。

______________________________________________________.

37. 玛利亚怎样回家?

______________________________________________________.

38. 她有时坐地铁回家。

______________________________________________________.

39. 他通常放学后打篮球,但是不踢足球。

______________________________________________________.

40. 你常常骑自行车来学学校吗?

______________________________________________________.

Unit5 Topic2

(一) 重要单词:

1. borrow:指主语借入borrow sth. from sb.

e.g You can borrow this book from the library.

May I borrow your eraser?

lend: 指主语借出lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.

e.g Can you lend your car to me?

They often lend us their ball.

2. keep

keep 和borrow, lend 的意思一样,都是表示借的意思, 区别是borrow和lend是瞬间动词,而keep 是延续性动词,表示借一段时间, 后常跟上一段时间

e.g You may keep this book for two weeks.

借进borrow 借出lend 借多久keep

3. find和look for

find :找到,发现,强调结果look for寻找,强调过程

e.g I‘m looking for my shoese verywhere, but I can not find it.

4. return

return :归还=give back return sth to sb=give sth back to sb

e.g Please return this book to Steve=please give back this book to Steve.

e.g He will return from America next month.

5. on time: 准时,强调不早不迟到达

in time: 及时,强调在规定的时间以前到达

e.g We must go to work on time. The students can get there in time.

6. Japanese: adj 日本的,日本人的,日语的n.日本人,日语

当Japanese表示日本人时,是可数名词,单复数同形(与Chinese用法相同)

e.g Two Japanese and three Chinese are swimming in the swimming pool.

7. also 与too

两个都表是―也‖的意思, also用在句中, too用在句末

e.g Helen is also a student.

I have long hair and she has long hair, too.

8 plan n.平面图

v.计划plan to do sth

(二)短语总结:

1. on time 准时

2. in time 及时

3 .in the center of: 在…..中央

4 .next to 在什么隔壁,在什么旁边

5. at the back of ; 在….后面(外部后面)

6. in front of….在…..前面(外部后面)

7. behind 在…..后面(内部后面)

8. in the front of 在….前面(内部后面)

9 .on the left 在左边

10. on the right 在右边

11. Show sb around 领某人参观12. between …and… 在….与….之间

13. from ….to…从…..到…..

14. On the shelf 在架子上shelf复数形式是shelves

15. do better in sth/doing sth 在……方面做的更好

do well in sth/doing sth 在…..做得好

be good at sth/doing sth 在…..方面擅长

16. at the moment 现在,此刻

17. play computer games 玩电脑游戏

18. a few 几个

19. the Great Wall 长城

(1)----Are the children swimming in the swimming pool?(做否定回答)

----______,______ ________

(2) They are watching TV.(改为一般疑问句)

_______ _______watching TV?

(3) I‘m playing co mputer games.(对划线部分提问)

______are you_______?

(4) The boys often play soccer on the playground.(改为现在进行时)

The boys______ _______soccer on the playground.

(5) He can keep the MP4 for three days.(对划线部分提问)

______ _______can he keep the MP4?

根据句意和汉语提示完成下列句子

(1)---Where is Chen Kang?

----He is playing basketball_____ ______ ________(在操场上)

(2)---Hello! Li Ming. What are you doing?

----I am_____ ______ ______(做作业)

(3)---Look, what are they doing?

---They are_____ _____(寻找)Jim‘s bag.

(4)---What class are they having?

---They are____ _____ ________(玩电脑游戏)now.

(5)---Where is Mr.Wang_____ _______ ________(此刻)?

(6)---Do you like______ _______ ________(长城)

(7)I often do my homework______7:00______

(从…..到……)8:30 in the evening.

(8)I have ____ _____(几个)good friends.

Unit 5 Topic 3

(一)重点单词

Today, Wednesday, Monday, Tuesday, geogrophy, Thursday, Friday, art, history, math, science, meeting, activity, lesson, draw, learn, interesting, difficult, boring ,which, subject, best, other, friendly, February, newspaper, hard, wish, story.

(二)重点短语

1.Have a music class.上音乐课

2.at ten o‘clock 在十点钟

3.be over (=finish) 结束

4.on+星期名词在星期几

5.outdoor activities 户外活动

6.work on 致力于,专心于

7. learn about the past 了解历史

8.it‘s time for … 该干…了

9.be friendly to 对…友好

10. play with sb 和某人玩耍

Play with sth玩弄某物

11.swim in the swimming pool 在游泳池游泳

12.draw pictures 画画

14. every Tuesday and Thursday 每周二和周四

15.tell sb sth=tell sth to sb 把某事告诉某人

16. school newspaper 校报

17.and so on 等等

18. learn sth from 从…学到…

19. hard work 辛勤工作

20. thank sb for sth/ thank sb. for doing sth

因某事而感谢某人

21. run on the playground 在操场跑步

22. watch animals看动物

23. play soccer at school 在学校踢足球

24. read a book at home 在家看书

25.have dinner in the school dinning hall

在学校餐厅吃饭

(三)重点句型

1. What day is it today?

It‘s Wednesday.

What day …?常用来表示对星期几的提问。

注意:What‘s the date…? 是对日期的提问。

2. What class are they having?

---They are having a music class.

What class 用来询问―什么课程‖, class与lesson同义。

3. What time does the class begin? 什么时间开始上课?

--At ten o‘clock.

beg in―开始‖同义词是start 反义词是finish或end.

4. How many lessons does he have every weekday?

他每天上几节课?

5. You must like English very much.

你一定非常喜欢英语。

must在这里表示肯定推测。

6. --What do you think of it?

--Sometimes it‘s difficult and boring, so I don‘t like it very much.

What do you think of…? 相当于How do you like …?

意思是―你认为怎么样?‖询问对方对某事或者某人的看法。

7. What‘s your favorite subject?你最喜欢的科目是什么?

What one‘s favorite…? = What does sb. like best?

某人最喜欢什么?

8. --Why do you like it? 你为什么喜欢它?

--Because it‘s easy and interesting.因为它简单而有趣。

回答Why…?用Because…

如果表示你为什么不用Why not…? 或Why don‘t you…?

9. My teachers are very friendly to me.

be friendly to sb.意思是―对某人很友好‖

注意:friendly是形容词―友好的‖―友善的‖,而不是副词。

10. It‘s time for class. Let‘s go.哦,上课的时间到了,我们走吧!

It‘s time for sth= it‘s time to do sth. 该做某事了

英语书信格式

请参考课本P107页的介绍,掌握英文书信的格式。

(四) 练习题

根据汉语完成句子

1. Listen! They _______ _______ (唱歌)in the classroom.

2. _________ ________ (星期几)is it today?

3. What time _________ the class _________ (开始)?

What time _________ the class ________(结束).

4. He ____ ______ ______(上)English class now.

5. She ______ _______(画画)at home at the moment.

6. Look! Peter ________ ______(解答)a math problem。

7. We must _______ ________(学习了解)the past.

8. He ______ ________ _________(做户外活动)after school every day.

9. It‘s time _______ _______ / _______ _______ ______ _____(上学)

10. Which subject ______ ________ ______ ________ ?

=What ______ ________ ______ __________(你最喜欢)

11. _______ _________ you ________ _________ it?

=_______ _________you ________it ? (你对。。。看法如何)

12. My teachers ____ ________ ________ me.(对。。。友好)

13. My ______ _______ is very interesting.(校园生活)

14. ________ ________at 8:00 am。(上课)

15. I study art,music and _______ ________ _________(其他一些学科)

16. I often _____ _______ _________ my ________(和同学们说英语)

17. I can _______ a lot ________ it。(从。。。学到)

18. We must _______ _________ Lei Fen.(向。。。学习)

19. Thank you ________ _______ ______ _______ . (辛勤劳动)

20. I like ______ _______ _______ my friends.(和。。打篮球)

21. He ______(认为)math is _______ and _________ (枯燥难学)and English is _________ and ________(容易有趣)

对划线部分提问

1.It‘s Wednesday.

_______ ________ is it today?

2. The class begins at 10:00.

_______ ______ ______ the class _______?

3. It is over at 10:45.

______ ______ _____ it over?

4. They are having a music class?

______ ______ _____ they ______ ?

5. He has six English lessons every week.

_______ ________ English lessons ________ he ________ every week?

6. He has Chinese, English and math lessons on Monday.

________ _________he ________ on Monday?

7. I like history because it‘s easy.

________ ________ you ________ history?

8. He thinks PE is very interesting.

________ ________ he ________ ________ PE?

(________ ________ he ________ PE?)

9. I like PE best.

_______ _______ do you like _______?

词形转换

V—Vs/ be+Ving /Ving/to V原N.--- Ns

1.They are all _________(friend) to me.

2. I like English _______ (well)

3. Best _______ (wish) to you for Mother‘s Day.

4.My mother often tells me many interesting ________ (story).

5. The Great Wall is ________ (wonder).

6. They do a lot of outdoor _______(activity) after school.

7. They are many books on those ________ (shelf).

8. He is _______ (run) on the playground.

9. It‘s 9:00. They are _______ (have) a class.

10. May often ________ it. (watch)

11. They usually ________(ride) bikes to school.

12. Sunday is the ________ (one) day of a week.

13. Jim usually _______(do) sports after school. Look! He ____________(swim) in the pool.

14. Maria likes ___________(read) in the library. She ____________books in the library every Saturday.

15. It‘s time ____________ (have) lunch. The students ____________ (have) lunch in the dinning room at the moment.

16. Listen!They___________(sing) in the classroom.

They ____________(sing)songs in the music lessons once a week.

17. It‘s 10 pm. Jane wou ld like ____________(sleep).

Look, she ____________(sleep) in the bed now.

18. Kate ____________(think) maths ___________(be) different from Chinese.

19. Li Ming usually ____________(ride) a bike to school. But today it‘s late. So he ___________(take)

a car to school now.

20. My brother _________(like) __________(play) computer games very much.

Now, he __________(have) a computer class.

Unit 6 Topic 1

(一)重点短语:

1. on the second floor 在第二层

(The building has four floors. I am on the first floor.)

2. go upstairs(adv.)上楼;go downstairs 下楼

3. a moment later 过了一会儿

4. play with sb 和某人一起玩play with sth. 玩弄某物

5. in front of 和in the front of 区别:加the的词组表示物体内部的前面

6. on the wall 在墙上in the wall

7. on the tree (苹果)in the tree (鸟)

8. a model plane 模型飞机

9. play on the computer 玩电脑(比较play computer games 玩电脑游戏)(二)重点句型:

1. There be 句型(翻译出来是―在某地有某物‖,表示一种客观存在,

而have表主观拥有,其主语是人。结构There be + 主语+介词短语,

注意就近原则)

肯定句:There is a computer in your study.

否定句:There isn‘t a computer in your study.

一般疑问句:Is there a computer in your study?

Yes, there is./ No, there isn‘t.

特殊疑问句:What‘s in your study?

★问数量:How many computers are there in your study?

【注】There is some milk on the table. (此处虽然是some milk,

但是由于是不可数名词,be动词还是用is)

变为否定句:There isn‘t any milk on the table.

★就近原则:There is a lamp , a computer, some books and so on.

有一盏灯、一台电脑和一些书等等。

2. Welcome to my new home.【home作n.】

(对比Welcome home 【home 作adv.】)

3. There are so many books on the shelf. 书架上有这么多好看的书啊。

4. Why not go upstairs and have a look? = Why don‘t you…….?

为什么不上楼看一看呢?

5.My dog is playing with my computer. 我的狗在玩我的电脑呢。

6.Don‘t put them here. Put them away.别把它们放在这儿,请收起来放好。

7. You must look after your things.你必须保管好你的东西。

8.How many pairs of shoes are there under the bed? 在床下有多少双鞋子?

9. There are many beautiful flowers in the garden, but there aren‘t any trees in it. 花园里有许多漂亮的花,但是却没有树。

10. I love playing on the computer in the study. 我喜欢在书房玩电脑。(love doing sth.=like doing sth. 喜欢做某事)

(三)重点[介词]用法

年、月、午(别),季(节)in加上,某日午别当用on;

钟点时(刻)、日(期)用at, 一周七天均用on.

(四)重点易错题:

一)根据句意,用适当的介词填空。

1. Look, there are many apples __________ the tree.

2. The football is _________ the door, so you can‘t see it.

3. My sister‘s bedroom is __________ the first floor.

4. Would you like to go upstairs _________ me?

5. Here is your coat. You must look after it carefully.

6. It‘s a quarter _____________________ five. Let‘s go home.

二)单选

1. —There _________ good news for you. I find your lost purse.

—Really? Thank you very much.

A. have

B. are

C. is

D. be

2.Look at the picture of my bedroom. There ________ a ball and some shoes under the bed.

A. are

B. is

C. have

D. be

3. —_______ there a pair of pants on the bed?

— No, but there is a coat.

A. Do

B. Does

C. Is

D. Are

4. The house is behind the tree, so the tree is _________ the house.

A. in the front of

B. in front of

C. behind

D. back

5. There will ______ a class meeting ________ the morning of May 4th .

A. have, at

B. have on

C. be, at

D. be, on

6. — What ________ on the desk?

— There are some flowers.

A. be

B. am

C. are

D. is

7. I‘m glad _________ a lett er from you.

A. get

B. getting

C. to get

D. gets

8. —Are there __________flowers in your room?

—No, there aren‘t.

A. a

B. some

C. the

D. any

9. Jane is looking __________ her little sist er, because her mother isn‘t at home.

A. at

B. after

C. for

D. up

三)句子

1. There are many apples on the table.(改为一般疑问句)

_______________ ____________ ______________ apples on the table?

1. My bedroom is next to my study. (对划线部分进行提问)

___________ _________ __________ bedroom ?

2. Jack is playing basketball. (对划线部分进行提问)

_________ Jack _________ ?

3. Why not go to the study? (同意句转换)

__________ _________ ____________ go to the study?

4. There are seven days in a week. (对划线部分提问)

_________________________________________________?

5. —Whose bike is this?

—It‘s not __________ (my). It‘s ______________ (Jack).

6. There are five rooms on the ______________ (two) floor.

7. My cousin is playing games on the playground. (对划线部分提问)

_________ is your cousin __________ on the playground?

Unit 6Topic 2

(一)重点短语

1. 在农村in the country 在郊区in the suburb

2.一套三居室的房子house with three bedrooms

3. call sb. at +电话号码,拨打….与某人联系

4. a quiet double room under 300yuan per month 一间安静的双人间,月租低于300元

5.house with furniture for a family of three 适合三口之家,家具齐全的房子

6. rent sth. to sb. 把某物租给某人rent sth. from sb. 从某人那租某物

7. on the street corner 在街角8. keep money 存钱

9. 寄信mail (post) letter

10. see a doctor 看医生

11. month 的复数months

12 at the end of 在…..的尽头

13 community service center in our area 在我们这带的服务中心

14. 靠近be close (adj.) to / close (adv.) to / near / next to (紧靠)

【反义词是far from】

15. right now 马上,立刻= at once

16. Children‘s Day 儿童节;Teachers‘ Day 教师节;Women‘s Day 妇女节

(二)重点句型:

1.--What‘s your home like? 你的家是什么样的?

--It‘s an apartment building. 它是一栋公寓楼。

2. They live in a big farmhouse in the country. 他们住在农村的农舍里。

3. What‘s the matter with….?= What‘s up with……?= What‘s wrong with…..?

……有什么事?

4. I hear you playing the piano我听到你正在弹钢琴

(hear sb. do sth. 表示听到某人做过了某事,类似的有see,watch,find)

5. --I ?m afraid it‘s too loud. --恐怕声音有点大。

--I‘ m really sorry about that. --我真的对此很抱歉。

6. There are no houses on the right. = There aren‘t any houses….

(no后可以加可数和不可数名词= not any后加不可数名词或者可数名词复数/ not a 后加可数名词单数)

7. There are a lot of tall buildings and small gardens in our community.

在我们的社区里有许多高楼和小花园。

8. There are many shops and restaurants close to my home.

= My home is close to my shops.我家附近有许多商店和饭店。

9. The parking lot and the train station are not far from here.

停车场和火车站离这不远。(near/close to 反义词far from)

10. We can call it for help. (call sb for sth/ doing sth.)

我们可以打电话向它求救。

11. Are there many people living near your home? 有许多人住在你家附近吗?

(there be +sb.+doing sth表示某地有某人在做什么)

12. I can‘t hear you, the line is bad. 我听不清,线路不好。

13. My kitchen fan doesn't work.

= There is something wrong with my kitchen fan.

= Something is wrong with my kitchen fan. 我家厨房的排气扇坏了。

14. I‘ll get someone to check it right now.我会马上派人去检查一下它的。

(get sb to do sth. 派某人去做某事= ask sb to do sth.)

15. Many people are moving from cities to the suburbs.

许多人正从城市搬迁到郊区。

(move to …., move from ….to ….从…..搬到、移动到…..)

16. The traffic is heavy and the cost of living is high. 交通拥挤,生活开销高。

(cost 在这做名词,做动词时,主语是物,句型sth. cost sb some money )

e.g. The rose costs me 10 yuan.

17. There are many houses with big yards in the suburbs.

郊区有许多带着大院子的房子。

18. What kind of home do you live in? 你住在什么样的房子里?

(三)易错题:

1. 这个衬衫花了我50元。

______________________________.

2. There are two _________(钢琴) and three guitars in the room.

3. --The classroom is so dirty.

-- Oh, I‘ll get someone ______ it soon.

A. cleans

B. clean C cleaning D . to clean

4. --- Where do you live, Mary?

--- I live ___________ Zhongshan Road.

A at the end of B. on the end C in the end D. by the end of

5. 很多家庭喜欢从城市搬到郊区。

Many families like __________________ the city ______ the suburbs.

6. 杰克听到他妈妈正在厨房唱歌。

Jack _______ his mother ________________________________.

7. 请保持安静。______________________________.

8. 连词成句: in , a, single, I , need, room, to , live, quiet

_______________________________________________

9. 我看到他正在操场上玩球。

_________________________________________________________

10. 那个女孩想寄些东西给她的朋友。

__________________________________________________________

11. There is one picture in my bedroom.(就划线部分提问)

________________________________________________________-

12. If you want to have a picnic. You can ____ a car _____ the company.

A. rent; to

B. rent ; for

C. rent ; from

D. rent; of

13. Michael likes music very much. I often hear him________ the piano at home.

A. plays B playing C. play D to play

14. My home is ___________ my school/

A. close to

B. closed from

C. closed to

15. --Which city do you _________? -- I live in New York.

A live in B. live C. to live

16. My watch doesn‘t work.(写出两个同义句)

_________________________________________________________

17. There ____ a pen and two pencils in the pencil-box.

A are

B be

C is

18. I‘d like a cup of coffee _______ some sugar and milk/

A. in

B. of

C. with

D. to

19. Look!There are some children ________ in the scool yard.

A. play

B. are playing

C. to play

D. play

20. --What‘s your father like?

--_________________.

A. He likes apples.

B. He is kind.

C. He lives in a tall buliding

D. He likes living in the city.

Uint 6Topic 3 (一)重点短语

1. turn left at the first street 在第二个街口向左转

= take the second street(turning) on the left

2. go across (prep.) the bridge = cross (v.)the bridge 过桥

3. across from 在….的对面

4. on the road 在路上on/ in the street 在街上

5. on the corner of the street 在街角

(比较in the corner of 和at the corner of)

6. between….and ….在…和….之间

7. walk on 继续走

8 public phone 公用电话

9. at the traffic lights 在红绿灯处

10. No right turn 禁止右转No parking 禁止停车Go straight 直走

11. be in danger 处于危险之中

12. get hurt 受伤(get 系动词,hurt 是形容词)

13. lose one‘s life 失去了某人的生命

14. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则

15. a ticket for speeding/ drinking and driving/parking in the wrong place

/ making a wrong turn 超速/酒后驾车/乱停车/转错弯罚单

16. make a wrong turn 转错弯

17. keep quiet in class. 上课时要安静。

(二)重点句型

1.--Excuse me, is there a bank near here?

-- Go up (Go along)this street to the end ,and you will find it on your left.

--打扰了,请问附近有银行吗?

--沿着这条街一直走到尽头,你就会发下银行在你左边。

2. How can I get to the bookstore? = Could you tell me the way to the bookstore?

= Could you tell me how to get to the bookstore?

= Where is the way to the bookstore? 问路的句型

3. It's about five hundred meters along (adv.)on the right.

顺着右边走大约500米就到了。

4. Go along this road until you get to Beisihuan Road.

沿着这条路一直走,直到你到达北四环路。(特指某个道路前面不加the,

大写这条路的名字)

5. You can‘t miss it. 你不会错过它的。(miss 除了表示错过,还可以表示―想念‖e.g. She misses her mother. )

6. You need to take bus No. 718, then you should change to the No. 108 bus at Anzhen Bridge.

你需要乘坐718路车,然后你应该在安贞桥换乘108路车。

【注意:】(1)need to do sth, 需要去做某事; need sth / sb 需要某物,某人(2)should 在这是情态动词,后加动原。

(3)change to 转乘。change from A to B 从A变成B

(change 作名词还可以表示―零钱‖,不可数)

(4)几路车有两种表示方法:bus NO.718 或者the NO.718 bus

7. --How far is it from here? (问距离) --It‘s about ten kilometers away from here.

离这有多远?离这有十千米远。

8. How can we make the roads safe? 我们怎样才能使道路安全?(make sth/ sb. +adj.)

9.Before(prep.)we cross the road, we must stop and look both ways. 在我们过马路之前,我们必须停下来向路的两边看。

10. We must never play on the street. 我们绝对不能在街上玩耍。

= We must not play the street.

11. It‘s good to help children and old people to cross the road.

帮助小孩和老人过马路是一种助人为乐的行为。(It‘s good to do sth.)12.Wait for your turn when the lights are red.

在红灯亮之前请等待。

(三)易错题

1. Before you______ the road, you must stop and have a look.

A. cross

B. go cross

C. across

D. crossing

2. --________ is the train station from the post office?

-- About twenty-minute bike ride.

A. How much

B. How long

C. How often

D. How far

3. The theater is _____ the corner of the restaurant.

A. on

B. in

C. for

D. from

4. It‘s good ______________ old people and blind people.

A. help

B. helping

C. to help

D. for helping

5. --How far is it from here?

--It‘s about 2 kilometers _________ here.

A. far

B. away from

C. near from

D. away

6. The baby ________ a doctor because he is ill.

A. need

B. need to

C. is need

D. needs

7. --Where is your school?

--Our school is _________ a hospital.

A. across

B. away

C. across from

D. between

8.Go down the street and turn ___ left. The restaurant is ____ the right.

A. to; at

B. to; to

C./; on

D. on; to

9. Excuse me, can you tell me ____________ the post office?

A. the way

B. the way for

C. the way to

D. the way near

10. --How can I get to the supermarket?

--First you should take the NO.2 bus to Beifeng Bridge, and then you need ______the NO.8 bus.

A. to change

B. change to

C. to change to

D. to change for

11. --Excuse me, how can I get to the book store?

--Go across the bridge. It‘s about 200 meters ________ on the left.

A. about

B. far

C. along

D. near

12. Thank you anyway. ( 同义句转换)

Thank you _______ _______ ________.

13. Take the first turning on the left. ( 同义句转换)

________ _______ at the

first turning.

14. My office is on the second floor. ( 对划线部分提问)

______ _______ ______ office?

15.The bank is at the end of this road. You will find it. ( 同义句转换) The bank is at the end of this road. You _______ _________ it. Unit7 Topic 1

(一)核心词汇:

birthday, May, celebrate, party, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, twelfth, twentieth, date, January, March, April, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, alone, were, born, was, thousand, present, shape, hill, square, circle, ago, machine, football, special, candle, surprise. (二)常用词组:

1. plan to do sth. 计划做某事

2. be born 出生

3. have a look 看一看

4. just now 刚才

5. use sth. for / to… 用某物作……用

6. do some cleaning 做扫除

(三)重点句型:

1. How do you plan to celebrate it? 你打算如何庆祝?

2. ----When were you born? 你什么时候出生?

----I was born in June, 1970. 我生于1970年6月。

3. ----Were you born in Hebei? 你出生于河北吗?

----Yes, I was. 是的,我是。

4. When was your daughter born? 你的女儿什么时候出生?

5. --Was she born in Hebei, too? 她也生于河北吗?

--No, she wasn‘t. 不,她不是。

6. --Where was she born? 她出生于哪里?

--She was born in Henan. 她出生于河南。

7. --What‘s the shape of your present? 你的礼物的形状是什么?

--It‘s round. 它是圆形的。

8. --What shape is it? 它是什么形状?

--It‘s a rectangle. 它是长方形的。

9. --What do we use it for? 我们用它来做什么?

--We used it to study English. 我们用它来学习英语。

10. --How long / wide is it? 它多长/ 宽?

--It‘s 60 centimeters long/wide. 它60厘米长/宽。

(四)交际用语:

1. --Would you like to come? 你想要来吗?

--Yes, I‘d love to. 是的,我想要来。

2. --What day is it? 今天星期几?

--It‘s Thursday. 星期四。

3. --What‘s the date today? 今天几号?

--It‘s May 8th. 5月8号。

4. --Can I have a look(at sth)? 我可以看一下(…)吗?

--Sorry, I‘m afraid you can‘t. 对不起,恐怕你不能。

(五)语法精粹:

1. 一般过去时(I)

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与a minute ago, yesterday, last year, in those days, just now, in 1990等表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

如:I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 昨天我6点30分起床。

My father was at work yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我父亲在上班。

He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他总是乘公共汽车上班。

2. 基数词和序数词的用法

1,2,3,特殊记,th四加起

8后面减去t, nine后面不要e

ve 要用f替,ty变成tie

几十,几百几,只变个位记心里

(六)典型习题

一)用所给单词的正确形式填空。

1. Would you like to _____________ (celebrate) your birthday with your good friends?

2. The twins ________ (be) born on December 22nd, 2005.

They are three years old now.

3. Mr. White lives on the ___________ (twelve) floor in this building.

4. September is the ________ (nine) month of the year.

5. There _______ (be) a kite on the wall just now.

二)单项选择题:

1. --When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?

--________ July 1st, 1997.

A. On

B. In

C. At

D. For

2. -- What was the date yesterday? --_________

A. It was June 2nd.

B. It‘s May 8th, 2008.

C. It was Sunday.

D. It‘s Tuesday.

3. --What do we use MP3 for?

--We ________ it ______ some music.

A. use; to listen to

B. use; listen

C. is listening; to listen

D. are listening; listening

4. The girl‘s friends give her many presents ________ her birthday.

A. at

B. on

C. to

D. in

5. Tom and bill __________ afraid _________ English classes a year ago.

But now they are good at it.

A. are; to have

B. were; to have

C. were; having

D. are; having

6. --Today is your birthday. Happy birthday and here ________ a birthday card _____ you. --Thank you very much.

A. is; to

B. are; to

C. is; for

D. are; for

7. -- What ________ Jim like? And what _______ he like?

--He is thin and tall. And he likes apples.

A. is; does

B. is; look

C. is; is

D. does; look

三)句型转换:

1. He was born in April, 1983. (对划线部分提问)

_________ was he born?

2. Today is Saturday. (对划线部分提问)

________ ________ is it today?

3. His birthday is May 1st. (同义句转换)

He was born ________ _________ _________.

4. Tom and Mike were born in the U.S.A. (对划线部分提问) __________ ________ Tom and Mike born?

5. I was born in Shandong on September 10th. (改为一般疑问句)

______ _______ born in Shandong on September 10th?

四)根据汉语提示完成句子:

1. Next Sunday is Kangkang‘s birthday. We want to ___________ (举行生日

聚会)for him.

2. Li Xing often helps his mother to _________ (打扫卫生).

3. --Can I _________ (看一看) at your father‘s new car?

--Yes, you can.

4. We want to buy a beautiful present to _______________(给他一个惊喜).

5. Her mother ____________________(在做丰盛的晚餐) for her birthday.

6. He _______________ (出生于) on August 1st of 1992.

Unit 7Topic 2

(一). 重点短语

1. 在晚会上at the party

在康康的生日晚会at Kangkang‘s birthday party

2. 弹钢琴play the piano

踢足球play soccer

打球类比赛play ball games

3. 唱汉语/英文歌曲sing Chinese/English songs

唱一首英文歌曲sing an English song

4. 跳迪斯科dance the disco

跳/表演芭蕾舞perform ballet

5. 玩儿得高兴have a good time = enjoy oneself

6. 把这些花拿到晚会上去take these flowers to the party

把那些花拿到晚会上来bring those flowers to the party

bring/take …to … (有方向、远近之分)

7. 如此多的人so many people (people集体名词,单复数同形)

如此多的水/牛奶/果汁so much water/milk/juice

一些人/水/学生some people/water/students

8. 爬树/山climb trees/ hills

9. 照相take photos/ pictures

给某人照相take photos/pictures of/for sb.

10. 画画draw pictures

11. 讲、说日语speak Japanese

用日语说这个单词say the word in Japanese

12. 做飞机模型make model planes

13. 户外活动outdoor activities

室内活动indoor activities

14. 一年前one year ago

四年前four years ago

15. 擅长做某事be good at +n./ pron./doing

在某方面做得好do well in +n./ pron./doing

在某方面做得更好do better in +n./ pron./doing

16. 在…岁时at the age of…

17. 在某人的帮助下with someone‘s help =with the help of someone

18. 开始做某事begin to do sth. = start to do sth.

19. 对……困难be hard for…

20.想要做某事would like to do sth. / want to do sth.

(二)重点句子总结

1. –Can you count the photos for me? 你能为我数数这些照片吗?

--Yes, I can. / No, I can‘t. 好的,可以。/ 不,不可以。

2. –Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs?

你想唱中文歌还是英文歌?

--Chinese songs. 中文歌。

3. –Can you dance the disco or perform ballet? 你会跳迪斯科还是跳芭蕾舞?

--I can dance the disco. 我会跳迪斯科。

4. –What else can you do? 你还能做其他什么吗?(else为形容词,做后置定语。一般放在不定代词和疑问词之后)

--I can dance and play the guitar. 我会跳舞和弹吉他。

5. I can only/also sing English songs. 我只/ 也会唱英文歌。

(only/also一般放在be动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前)

6. I can swim a little / very well.(修饰动词不能用very good)

我会一点游泳。/ 我游泳游得很好

I can‘t swim at all. 我根本不会游泳。

7. I‘m sure we‘ll have a good time at the party.

我确信我们在晚会上一定会过得很愉快。

(be sure of… / be sure to do. be sure (that)+句子

8. –Happy birthday to you! 生日快乐!Best wishes to you! 衷心祝福你!

--Thank you(very much) / Thanks (a lot). (非常)谢谢!

9. When she was five, she could only dance a little. 当她五岁时,她会跳一点儿舞。

(when在这里是连词,后跟句子。也可做疑问词,引导提问日期的特殊疑问句)

10. One year ago, she couldn‘t do it at all. 一年前她根本不会做这件事。

11. They could do it before, but not very well.

他们一年前会做这件事,但是做得不是很好。

12. Zhang Jun can ride a bike this year, but he couldn‘t do it a year ago.

张军今年会骑自行车,但是他一年前并不会。

13. Michael can‘t come to school today because he hurt his right leg.

Michael今天不能来上学了,因为他伤到了他的右腿。

14. I couldn‘t play the piano when I was four and I still can‘t now.

我四岁时不会弹钢琴而且我现在仍然不会。

15. Kangkang is good at playing soccer, while Michael does well in basketball.

康康擅长踢足球,而Micheal篮球打得好。(表示对比)

16. Six years ago, there was something wrong with her eyes.(there be 过去时)

六年前,她的眼睛出了毛病。

17. She couldn‘t see anything. = She could see nothing.

她什么都看不见了。

18. Life was very hard for her when she was young.

当她年轻的时候,生活对她来讲是艰难的。

19. In English, ―hard‖ means ―difficult‖ here.

英语中,―hard‖的意思是困难的。

20. No way! 没门!绝对不行!(三)重要语法总结

情态动词can / could 的用法

1. 情态动词本身有各种意义,但不能单独做谓语,只能和动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情感。没有人称和数的变化。

2. can/could 表示一般的能力,could表示过去的能力,can 表示现在或将来的能力。

3. 当表示允许别人某事时,用can而不用could.

4. 表示提议和请求。在语气上could较客气,但can较肯定。

e.g. A monkey can‘t swim.

She couldn‘t draw before.

--Could I open the door now?

--Yes, of course you can.

Could you tell me the way to the hospital?

(四) 典型练习题

一)单项选择

1. Bob likes to play ____soccer and he also likes to play ____piano.

A. /; the

B. the; the

C. the; /

D. /; /

2. --____do you want to eat?

--Thanks. I‘m full.

A. What else

B. What other

C. Else what

D. Other what

3. --Do they both like reading books?

--Yes. Lucy likes reading science books, _____Lily likes reading storybooks.

A. so

B. or

C. while

D. when

4. --Can Jane sing English songs ____the party?

--Yes. She can sing them ____her teacher‘s hel p now.

A. at; under

B. of; with

C. of; under

D. at; with

5. --Can I take away these nice presents?

--_____. They are for my friends.

A. Not way

B. No way

C. Don‘t worry

D. All right

6. --Could Jane dance the disco____?

--No, but she could play ball games three years ____.

A. before; ago

B. ago; before

C. ago; ago

D. before; before

7. --Are you good at ____?

--No, but I do well in ____.

A. swim; fish

B. swimming; fishing

C. swim; fishing

D. swimming; fish

8. --Can you draw pictures for me?

--_______ I have too much homework to do.

A. Yes, I can.

B. No, I can‘t.

C. Yes, he can.

9. --Li Ming often plays sports on the playground. Can he play basketball?

--Yes, he can. He can do it _______

A. a little

B. very well

C. very good

10. We have very ______water left. Please go and get some.

A. any

B. little

C. a lot of

11. --There are _____drinks in the room. What do you want?

--No, thanks.

A. so many

B. so much

C. a little

12. --What present would you like to _____to the party, Jack?

--It‘s a secret.

A. carry

B. take

C. get

13. --Are the twins ______in the same school?

--Yes, they are.

A. all

B. both

C. each

14. She can sing English songs, but she doesn‘t know ______about Chinese songs.

A. some

B. anything

C. a lot

二)首字母或适当形式或汉译英填空。

1. The word ―hard‖ _____(意思是)difficult.

2. 我爸爸在十八岁时就能开车了。

My father ________a car _____________eighteen.

3. 昨天我的自行车坏了。

There __________________ my bike yesterday.

4. 今天公园里有如此多的人。

There are _________ people in the park today.

5. Mary _____(写)to her parents twice a month.

6. What does the new word _____(意思是)?

7. 在我父亲的帮助下,我能阅读了。

I can read _________________.

8. ___________(别的什么) can you sing?

9. Maria ________________(擅长于) performing ballet.

10. Life is very _____________(对……困难) him.

11. Jane couldn‘t ride a bike. She ______her ___________(伤了左腿)。

12. Something is w_______with his eyes. He can see nothing.

13. You help m e so much, but I s____ can‘t do it.

14. Lucy can _______(draw) pictures.

15. John and Mike ____________(fly) kites near the river now.

16. Jim ______(can) not cook five years ago.

三)句型转换

1. Jane has something to do at school today.(改为一般疑问句)

Does Jane ___________to do at the party today?

2. My new model plane doesn‘t work. (改为同义句)

There is _______________with my new model plane.

3. Basketball, two, girls, could, play, years, the, two, ago

____________________________________________

4. Sam, making, can, model, I, see, plane, a, there

____________________________________________

5. Tom can play the guitar.(用piano改为选择疑问句)

______Tom play the guitar _____play the piano?

7. She performs ballet very well.(改为同义句)

She is ______________________ballet.

8. Michael likes playing football. David likes reading books in the library.

(用while连接)

__________________________________________________.

9. I can help my mother on Sundays. (对划线部分提问) _________ you _____on Sunday?

Unit7 Topic3

(一)重点短语

1. at Kangkang‘s birthday party.在康康的生日晚会上

2. recite a Chinese poem背一首中文诗

3. perform magic tricks表演魔术

4. enjoy oneself have a good time玩的很高兴

5. dance the disco跳迪斯科

6. perform kung fu /ballet表演功夫/ 跳芭蕾舞

7. one of Kangkang‘s friends康康的一个朋友

8. miss the chair没抢着椅子

9. fall down倒下

10. hurt oneself伤着自己

11. at once // right now // right away立刻,马上

12. happen to sb./sth.发生在某人/某物身上

13. stand up站起来// sit down 坐下

14. come back to /return to…回来

15. at that time在那时

16. play video games玩电子游戏

17. go to the movies去看电影see a movie 看电影

19. lie to sb / tell sb a lie / tell a lie to sb对某人撒谎

20. tell the truth讲真话

21. talk about谈论// talk to对……讲话// talk with 和……谈话

22. win//lose the game赢得//输掉比赛

23. have a birthday party for sb为某人举办一个生日晚会

24. buy sth for sb =buy sb sth给某人买某物

25. bring sth for sb给某人带来某物

26. by hand手工

27. each of us我们中的每一个人(后面的动词用单数)

28. sit around围着坐

29. make a silent wish默默许愿

30. blow out吹灭

31. in one breath一口气

32. think over考虑

33. write down写下来

34. in one‘s home在某人家at home在家at one‘s house

35. come to one‘s party参加某人的晚会

36. write a letter to sb. /write sb a letter /write to sb给某人写信

37. thank sb for sth / doing sth thanks for sth / doing sth感谢某人某事/做某事

38. Best wishes最良好的祝愿

39. have a big dinner举行一个丰盛的晚宴

(二)重点句型

1.How was Kangkang‘s birthday party ? 康康的生日晚会怎样

It was very nice. 非常好.

2.You speak Chinese very well. 你讲汉语真好

3.It‘s your turn. 该你了。It‘s one‘s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。

4.What‘s the matter ? 怎么了?What‘s the trouble ? What‘s wrong ?

5.This way, please.请这边走

6.We did see a movie. 我们的确看电影了。(do/did/does +动原表强调)

7.What else did you do at the party ? 在晚会上你还做别的什么了?

8.Why didn‘t you tell me the truth ?你为什么不给我讲真话?

(三)重点语法

一般过去时

1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn‘t)

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren‘t)

⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句:didn‘t +动词原形,

如:Jim didn‘t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?

如:What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?

如:Who went to home yesterday?

动词过去式变化规则:

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped plan-planned trip -tripped

4.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied

5.不规则动词过去式:

am/is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew,

drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

(四)易错题

一)用行为动词的适当形式填空

1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.

2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.

3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.

4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.

5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.

6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.

7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.

8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.

二)用be动词的适当形式填空

1. I _______ at school just now.

2. He ________ at the camp last week.

3. We ________ students two years ago.

4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.

5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.

6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.

8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.

三)句型转换

1. I did my homework after school yesterday. (变为否定句)

I ______ ______my homework after school yesterday.

2. She watched TV after supper. (就划线部分提问)

______ ______she ______ after supper.

3. When he came back home, it was eleven o‘clock. (变为同义句)

He ______ come back home _____ 11:00

4. My mother bought a T-shirt for my brother. (变为同义句)

My mother ______ my brother a ______.

5. could, you, to, lie, how, me, Mary (连词成句)

_______________________________________

Unit8 Topic1

(一)重点词组:

1. in summer/fall/spring/winter在夏天/秋天/冬天

2. make a snowman/snowmen堆雪人

3. take a walk=have a walk散步

4. In most of China 在中国的大部分地区most :大部分的

5. later on 后来,以后

6. be different from….和…..不同

7. come back to life 苏醒,复苏,复活

(二)重要句型:

1. 询问天气的两个句型:What‘s the weather like?/How is the weather?

2. It‘s a good time/season to do sth=It‘s a good time for sth/doing sth

是做什么事的好时候或好季节

It‘s a good time for sb to do sth 是某人做什么事的好时候

e.g It‘s a good time/season to swim

3. --Why?

--Because……由why引导的句子,回答一定要用because

4. learn to do sth. 学做某事

e.g She is learning to dance.

5. Which season do you like best?=What‘s your favorite season?

6. 询问温度: What‘s the temperature?

The low / high temperature is….

The temperature is from…to…

The temperature is between…and…

7. had better do sth. 最好做某事had better 最好had缩写‘d

否定形式: had better not do sth.

e.g The temperature is high outside. You‘d better not go out.

8. remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(实际动作还未发生) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(实际动作已经发生)

e.g You must remember to close the door.你一定要记得关门(门还没有关)

He remembered closing the door. 他记得关过门了(门已经关上了)

9. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

e.g He is busy reading.

be busy with sth 忙于…..

e.g They are busy with housework.

(三)重要单词总结讲解:

1. 表示天气的形容词

rain------rainy cloud------cloudy snow-----snowy wind----windy sun----sunny fog----foggy

2. wear, be in 和put on

★wear穿着,戴着,强调状态,用一般现在时表示经常状态,用现在进行时

表示暂时状态.

★be in 表示穿着的状态

e.g We wear our raincoat on a rainy day.(经常状态)

Is she wearing red clothes? (暂时状态)

The girl in pink is my sister.

★Put on 穿上,戴上,强调动作

e.g She put on a red coat and went out.

e.g Most students are not here.

3. sunglasses/shorts/shoes/pants这些词通常都用复数形式

4. get warm 变暖和, get是系动词,后加形容词, 类似的还有get cold; get fat

e.g The weather gets hot in summer.

5. rain heavily heavy rain snow heavily heavy snow

strong wind e.g The wind blows strongly.

6. last: v. 延续 e.g The meeting lasts for an hour.

adi.上一个的, 最近的last Tuesday

(四)典型例题:

1 单项选择

(1)---Would you like to play soccer with me tomorrow?

---I‘m not sure. I will clean my room_____ it‘s sunny tomorrow.

A. which

B. if

C. that

(2)---It‘s raining harder. Let‘s stand under that big tree.

---______It‘s very dangerous to do so in such weather.

A. Let‘s go

B. You‘d better not

C. all right

(3)---How long______ the meeting______ yesterday?

---About two hours.

A. did; have

B. did; last

C. does; lasts

D. does; has

(4) When Spring Festival comes, people in China_______ presents for

their good friends.

A. is busy to buy

B. are busy to buy

C. is busy buying

D. are busy buying

(5) It‘s _______,and we can make a snowman.

A. warm

B. rainy

C. windy

D. snowy

(6) You‘d better________ football on the street. It‘s very dangerous.

A. play

B. to play

C. not to play

D. not play (7) It‘s too hot, you need ______sunglasses, T-shirts and shorts.

A. wear

B. to wear

C. put on

D. to put on

(8) It‘s fall now. It‘s _______

A. windy and sun

B. wind and warm

C. cool and windy

D. sun and warm

2 句型转换

(1). Sometimes it rains heavily. (同义句转换)

There is sometimes______ _______.

(2). Maria likes winter best.(对划线部分提问)

______ ______is Maria‘s_______?

(3). How was the weather in Hebei?(同义句转换)

_____ ______ the weather______in Hebei?

(4). The lowest temperature is-10 C in Beijing today.(对划线部分提问)

______ _______the lowest temperature in Beijing today?

(5). In China, spring comes in March and goes on to May. (同义句转换)

In China, spring_____ ______March______May.

(6). It was nice and bright yesterday. (对划线部分提问)

______ _______the weather_______ yesterday?

3. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

(1). It‘s_____(sun) today.

(2). The sun shines _____(bright)

(3). He_____(wear) glasses all day.

(4). It______(snow)heavily yesterday.

(5). The famers are all busy______(get) ready for the next year.

(6). The weather in most______(part) of China is hot in Summer.

(7). Saying a thing is very______(difference)from doing it

4. 根据题意写出单词

(1). We feel very nice. It is not too cold and not too hot. It is w______.

(2). We can see the sun in the sky. It is always shining brightly. We usually wear light clothes such as skirt, T-shirt and so on. It is very h______.

(3). There is much wind. But we don‘t feel cold. It is very______.

(4). The temperature is low. It is often snows. It is very______.

Unit 8 Topic 2

(一)重点词语

1. the summer / winter holiday 暑假;寒假

2. talk about 谈论到,谈及

3. holiday plans 假日计划

4. want to go 想去

want to do sth = would like to do sth 想做某事

hope to do sth 希望做某事

plan to do sth 计划做某事

5. around the country 环绕国家

6. take pictures / photos of 给…照相

7. pass something to somebody 传递某物给某人

8. places of interest 名胜古迹

9. celebrate something with somebody 和某人一起庆祝某事

10. get together with somebody 和某人聚会在一起

11. go on a trip去旅游go for a holiday 去度假

be on holiday = go on holiday 在度假

12. have a good time = have a great time = have a wonderful time

= have a nice time = have fun

玩得很高兴

13.the Spring City 春城

14. all the year round 全年

15. the best time 最佳时间

16. enter someone‘s home 进入某人家里

17. take off your shoes 脱鞋子

18. go out 出去go back 回去

19. point to 指着

20. eat with your left hand 用左手吃东西

21. Muslin countries 穆斯林国家

22. touch sb. on someplace 触摸某人的某个部位

23. make the OK sign 做个好了的手势

24. arrive on time 按时到达

25. a little late晚一点

26. had better do sth 最好做某事

had better not do sth 最好不做某事

27. a pair of sunglasses 一副太阳镜

28. and so on 等等

(二)重点句型

1. The summer holidays are coming. 暑假要来了。

2. I hope to get together with them. 我希望和他们在一起。

3. Each of us has a good plan for the holidays.

我们每个人都有一个很好的假期计划。

4. Can you tell me something about Yunnan?

你能告诉我一些云南的事情么?

5. It sounds really interesting and exciting. 它听起来相当有趣和令人激动。

6. Different countries have different customs. 不同的国家有不同的风俗。

7. You shouldn‘t eat with your left hand. 你不能用左手吃东西。

8. You mustn‘t point to anything with your foot. 你千万不要用脚指东西。

9. Guess what I bought for you! 猜猜我为你买了什么!

10.I hope you all have a good time. 我希望你们每个人都能过得愉快

(三)重点语法

一)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:

1. How was you trip? ---It was wonderful.

2. How did you travel there? ---By train.

3. How long were you there? ---Only five days.

4.-- Did you visit any places of interest?

--Yes, we visited Mount Emei and Jiuzhaigou.

二)情态动词should和shouldn‘t的用法:

1. What places should I visit in Yunnan?

2. You should visit Dali and Lijiang and you shouldn‘t mi ss Xishuangbanna.

3. When you enter someone‘s home, you should take off your shoes.

(四)交际用语:谈论旅游和风俗

1. Where do you want to go ?

2. Who would you like to travel with?

3. How was your trip? --It was wonderful.

4. What‘s the best time to go there?

5. How did you travel there? --By train.

6. How long were you there? --Only five days.

7. Different countries have different customs.

8. When you travel in other countries, you‘d better know the customs of

those countries.

(五)典型练习题

一)词组互译:

1.脱下___________

2. 不同的国家_________

3.指着某物________

4. 与… …不同________

5. The customs of those countries________

6. go out with their hair wet ________

7. m ustn‘t = 汉意________

8. places of interest ______

9. shouldn‘t= 汉意______

10. passs sth to sb_____

二) 用should \shouldn‘t 填空

1 . It‘s hot today, you ______take more clothes.

2. It‘s seven o‘clock , we______ go to school.

3. There are more and more clouds, you ______ take an umbrella.

4. If you go to Yunnan , you _____miss Lijiang.

5. When you travel in other countries, you_________ know the customs of these countries.

6. In Japan, when you enter someone‘s home, you_________ take off your shoes.

三) 根据句意及首字母提示填空。

1. Mrs. White e________ the room quietly, because her baby was sleeping.

2. Tom wants to go for a holiday in I________.

3. I took some photos of my family with my c________.

4. I got a lot of g________ from my friends on my birthday party.

5. Don‘t t________ anything when you visit a factory, or it will be dangerous.

(四) 根据句意及所给出的汉语意思填空。

1. The Palace Museum in Beijing is a famous ________ ________ ________

(名胜).

2. I think you can go ________(任何时候).

3. I don‘t like ________(潮湿的)weather.

4. Many people is Sichuan like ________ ________(辣的食物)very much.

5. They ________ ________ ________ ________(玩得愉快)in the Summer Palace last Sunday.

6. I hope to ________ _______ ________(与…团聚)my old friends.

7. Different countries have _______ ________ (不同的风俗习惯)

8. My bag is ________ ________ ________.(不同于你的)

9. The rain stopped. Please ________ ________(脱下) your raincoat. Unit 8 Topic 3

㈠短语总结

1. 春节Spring Festival

2. 元宵节Lantern Festival

3. 除夕之夜New Year‘s Eve

4. 母亲节Mother‘s Day

5. 教师节Teachers‘ Day

6. 中秋节Mid-autumn Festival

7. 愚人节April Fool‘s Day

8. 吃饺子eat dumplings

9. 包饺子make dumplings

10. 表演舞龙舞狮perform lion and dragon dances

11. 在许多国家in many countries

12. 互赠礼物give each other presents/ give presents to each other

13. 在这一天on this day

14. 吃元宵eat sweet dumplings

15. 好运good luck

16. 看灯展watch a lantern show

17. 猜灯谜guess riddles

18. 团聚get together

19. 睡觉go to bed

20. 知道…才not…until

21. 在午夜at midnight

22. 迎接新年welcome the new year

23. 复活come back to life

24. 开某人的玩笑play tricks on sb.

25. 互相,彼此each other

26. 举行聚会have a party/ have parties

27. 向某人表达爱意show love to sb.

28. 给某人看某物show sth to sb./ show sb. sth

29. 为…做准备prepare for sth

30. 打扫房子clean the house

31. 去购物go shopping

32. 用…装饰decorate sth with sth

33. 彩灯colorful lights

34. 在平安夜on Christmas Eve

35. 去做礼拜go to church

36. 唱圣诞歌sing Christmas songs

37. 把…挂起来put up

38. 在火炉旁边by the fireplaces

39. 早起get up early

40. 家庭聚会have a family get-together

41. 互相问候greet each other

42. 一件大事a big event

43. 开始做某事begin/ start to do sth ; begin/ start doing sth 44. 全家the whole family

45. 守夜,熬夜stay up

46. 农历新年the lunar new year

47. 压岁钱lucky/ gift money

48. 敲门knock at/ on the door

49. 对某人大喊shout to/ at sb.

50. 五一劳动节May Day / International Labor Day

51. 一个七天的假期a seven-day holiday

52. 去旅游go traveling

53. 端午节Dragon Boat Festival

54. 举行龙舟比赛hold dragon boat races

55. 在许多地方in many places

56. 吃粽子eat rice dumplings

57. 国庆节National Day

58. 全国the whole country

59. …的首都/ 省会the capital of …

60. 看升旗仪式watch the national flag go up

61. 赏月enjoy the bright full moon

62. 恶作剧还是请客trick or treat

63. 在墙上on the wall

㈡重要句型

1. They often eat turkey and Christmas cakes and give each other presents.

= give presents to each other

give sb. sth = give sth to sb.

类似的有:lend, send, bring, pass, take

E.g.: I lent my bike to her. = I lent her my bike.

send sb. sth =sent sth to sb. 送给某人某物

bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 给某人带来某物

take sb. sth = take sth to sb. 给某人带走某物

2. It means the end of Spring Festival. 它意味着春节的结束。

the end of …的末端;at the end of …在…的末端(时间和空间); by the end of 到…末端为止E.g. Mr. Wang lives at the end of Elm Road.

Children put up stockings at the end of their beds.

We can finish the work by the end of the year.

3. not…until直到…才

E.g. He came back after 12o‘clock last night. (用not…until改写)

He didn‘t come back until 12 o‘clock.

4. prepare for sth 为某事做好准备=get sth ready ,其宾语为所准备的直接内容

E.g They are preparing for the party this evening.

The students are preparing for the exams.

5. go to church 去教堂做礼拜; go to the church去教堂

go to school 去上学;go to the school 去学校

go to hospital去看病;go to the hospital去医院

6. start/ begin to do sth; start/ begin doing sth

E.g. He started/ began to study English six years ago.

He started/ began singing.

7. The whole family gets together for a big dinner.

the whole +单数名词(集体名词) = all the +名词

E.g The whole class is here. = All the class are here.

The whole world likes football.

8. watch sb. / sth do 看见某人/物做某事,表示动作的结果(全过程)watch sb./ sth doing看见某人/物正在做某事,表示动作正在进行

类似的有:hear, see

E.g. I hear someone singing in the next room.

I often hear him shout to others.

I see an old man selling books in the street.

I sometimes see them play basketball on the playground.

㈢易错题

一)翻译句子

1. 春节在中国是最重要的节日。

_____________________________________________________

2. 哪天晚些时候,他去购物。

_____________________________________________________

3. 他们正忙于为母亲准备礼物。

____________________________________________________

4. 昨天他们用彩灯和彩球装饰了圣诞树。

_____________________________________________________

5. 玛利亚经常在星期天去做礼拜。

_____________________________________________________

6. 全家人聚在一起吃一顿大餐。

_____________________________________________________

7. 在中国庆祝春节是一件大事。

_____________________________________________________

8. 在许多地方人们举行龙舟比赛。

_____________________________________________________

9. 他是一位70岁的老人。

_____________________________________________________

10. 他们常常在天安门广场观看升国旗。

_____________________________________________________

二)用所给词的正确形式填空

1. On New Year‘s Eve, people have ________(party)

2. The boy _________ (not go) to bed until the TV said goodbye.

3. He enjoys ______ (play) tricks on his friends.

4. We should _______ (show) our love to our parents and teachers.

5. Let‘s _______(give) the flowers to our teacher.

6. ________(celebrate) National Day is a big event.

7. We are busy __________ (prepare) for the 29th Olympic Games.

8. In China, children always greet their parents for _______( luck) money.

9. Yesterday evening, she ______ (wear) a beautiful dress at the party.

10. Many people go to Tian‘an Men Square to watch the national flag ________ (go) up.

11. She isn‘t reading. She ________(write).12. Jack _____(go) to school at 7:00 every day.

13. He _____(do) his homework at home yesterday.

14. Can she ______(speak) English?

15. What about ______(go) hiking?

三)用正确的介词填空

1. People show their love to their parents ________ giving gifts on Mother‘s Day.

2. People eat mooncakes ______ Mid-autumn Day.

3. _______that day, families get together for a big dinner.

4. Students give cards or flowers _____ their teachers on Teacher s‘ Day.

5. Children put up stockings ______ the end of their beds.

6. Spring Festival is ______ January or February.

7. Each of us has a good plan _____ the holidays.

8. You should take off your shoes in Japan ______ entering someone‘s home.

9. We often sit ______ the fireplaces in winter.

10. They decorate the Christmas ______ colorful lights.

四)句型转换

1. It‘s October 6th today. (对划线部分提问)

_____________________________________________________

2. I was born on December 20th, 1977. (对划线部分提问)

_____________________________________________________

3. I think boys like balls. (否定句)

_____________________________________________________

4. The English Learning Machine is a rectangle. (对划线部分提问)

_____________________________________________________

5. Last year, my mother bought a new bike for me. (同义句)

_____________________________________________________

6. What‘s the weather like in Beijing in spring? (同义句)

_____________________________________________________

7. Which season do you like best, spring, summer or fall? (同义句)

_____________________________________________________

8. You should put on a warm coat when you go out. (否定句)

_____________________________________________________

9. I went to Sichuan for holidays last year. (改为一般疑问句)

_____________________________________________________

10.The book is about 20 centimeters wide. (对划线部分提问)

_____________________________________________________

11. He is doing his homework at the moment. (用a moment ago改写句子)

_____________________________________________________

12. What was the matter with your bike? (同义句)

_____________________________________________________

最新高中数学知识点汇总(表格格式)

高中数学知识汇总1.集合与常用逻辑用语 集合与常用逻辑用语集 合 概念 一组对象的全体. , x A x A ∈?。 元素特点:互异性、无序性、 确定性。 关系 子集x A x B A B ∈?∈??。A ??; , A B B C A C ???? n个元素集合子 集数2n。 真子集00 ,, x A x B x B x A A B ∈?∈?∈??? 相等 , A B B A A B ???= 运算 交集{} |, x x B x B A A ∈∈ =且()()() U U U C A B C A C B = ()()() U U U C A B C A C B = () U U C C A A = 并集{} |, x x B x B A A ∈∈ =或 补集{} | U x x U C A x A ∈ =? 且 常 用 逻 辑 用 语 命题 概念能够判断真假的语句。 四种 命题 原命题:若p,则q原命题与逆命题,否命题 与逆否命题互逆;原命题 与否命题、逆命题与逆否 命题互否;原命题与逆否 命题、否命题与逆命题互 为逆否。互为逆否的命题 等价。 逆命题:若q,则p 否命题:若p?,则 q ? 逆否命题:若q?, 则p? 充要 条件 充分条 件 p q ?,p是q的充分 条件 若命题p对应集合A,命题 q对应集合B,则p q ?等价 于A B ?,p q ?等价于A B =。 必要条 件 p q ?,q是p的必要 条件 充要条 件 p q ?,,p q互为充要 条件 逻辑 连接 词 或命题p q ∨,,p q有一为真即为真,,p q均为 假时才为假。 类比集合 的并 且命题p q∧ ,,p q均为真时才为真,,p q有一 为假即为假。 类比集合 的交 非命题p? 和p为一真一假两个互为对立的 命题。 类比集合 的补

初二语文知识点归纳整理

记叙文 1.六要素: 人物、时间、地点、事件的起因、经过和结果。 2.人称: 第一人称(真实可信)、第二人称(更加亲切)和第三人称(更加广泛)。 3.线索:①人线(人物的见闻感受或者事迹)②物线(某一有特意义的物品)③情线(作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化)④事线(中心事件)⑤时间线⑥地点线 4.顺序:顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、分叙(平叙)。 5.划分:按事件的发展过程、空间转换、内容变化、人物、场景变化、感情变化、表达方式的变换来划分。 6.表达方式:叙述、描写(肖像,语言,动作,心理,环境等或正面,侧面、细节)、议论、抒情、说明等。 7.语言的特点:形象,生动,具体。 8.表现手法:描写、衬托、渲染、对比、伏笔、铺垫、象征、比喻、以小见大、欲扬先抑、借景抒情、卒章显志、托物言志等。 ?如何找线索? ①文章的标题②各段反复出现的事物③文中议论抒情的语句④作者的思想感情(变化)⑤某一人物的见闻感受作用:文章内容井然有序地组合在一起,人物的思想性格,事情的来龙去脉。 ?记叙顺序? 1.顺叙:即按照事情的发生、发展和结局的顺序写(时间先后)。作用:使文章脉络清楚,有头有尾,给人鲜明的印象。 2.倒叙:把后发生的事情写在前面,然后再按顺序进行叙述。作用:避免平铺直叙,增强文章的生动性,使文章引人入胜。 3.插叙:在叙述过程中,由于内容的需要,中断原来情节的叙述,插入有关的情节或事件,然后再继续原来的叙述。(比如:回忆往事)作用:补充、衬托出文章的中心内容(人物或事件),丰富了情节,深化了主题。 ?人物的描写方法? 1、肖像(外貌)描写[包括神态描写](描写人物容貌、衣着、神情、姿态等):交代了人物的××身份、××地位、××处境、经历以及××心理状态、××思想性格等情况。

行测常识常考知识点

行测常识常考知识点 1. 非物质文化遗产包括:口头传统和表述、表演艺术、社会风俗、礼仪、节庆、有关自然界和宇宙的知识和实践、传统的手工艺技能。 2. 庐剧为安徽省著名地方剧种,它是以大别山和淮河一带的山歌、民歌、门歌、花鼓灯等民间歌舞为基础发展起来的,因其创作、演出活动中心在皖中一带,古属庐州管辖,故称“庐剧”,已有近200年历史。 3. 有权制定地方性法规的立法主体共有四类:省、自治区、直辖市、较大的市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会。 4. 行政许可,是指行政机关根据公民、法人或者其他组织的申请,经依法审查,通过颁发许可证、执照等形式,赋予或确认行政相对方从事某种活动的法律资格或法律权利的一种具体行政行为。实施行政许可的结果是,相对人获得了从事特定活动的权利或者资格。 5. 《行政诉讼法》第32条规定,被告对作出的具体行政行为负有举证责任,应当提供作出该具体行政行为的证据和所依据的规范性文件。 6. 《行政诉讼法》第19条规定,因不动产提起的行政诉讼,由不动产所在地人民法院管 7. 我国民法通则将法人分为两类:一是企业法人;二是机关事业单位和社会团体法人。这是根据法人设立的宗旨和所从事的活动的性质所进行的分类。社会团体法人是指由自然人或法人自愿组成,从事社会公益、文学艺术、学术研究、宗教等活动的各类法人。社会团体包括的范围十分广泛。如人民群众团体、社会公益团体、学术研究团体、文学艺术团体、宗教团体等。 8. 行政监察是国家行政系统内部由专门监察机关实施的,对行政机关、国家公务员,以及行政机关任命的其他人员的廉政、勤政和执法状况进行监督检查的一种职能活动。纪检委是负责党内监督的专门机关 9. 党的十七大报告指出,要坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度,健全劳动、资本、技术、管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的制度,初次分配和再分配都要处理好效率和公平的关系,再分配更加注重公平。 10. 恩格尔系数是反映食品支出总额占个人消费支出总额的比重. 道-琼斯指数和纳斯达克指数都是股票价格指数 11. 基尼系数Gini Coefficient:在全部居民收入中,用于进行不平均分配的那部分收入占总收入的百分比。基尼系数的实际数值只能介于0~1之间。经济学家们通常用基尼指数来表现一个国家和地区的财富分配状况。这个指数在0和1之间,数值越低,表明财富在社会成员之间的分配越均匀;反之亦然。通常把0.4作为收入分配差距的“警戒线”。一般发达国家的基尼指数在0.24到0.36之间,美国偏高,为0.4。中国大陆和香港的基尼系数都超出0.4。 12. 恩格尔系数Engel's Coefficient: 是指食品支出总额占个人消费支出总额的比重。一个家庭的恩格尔系数越小,就说明这个家庭经济越富裕。反之,如果这个家庭的恩格尔系数越大,就说明这个家庭的经济越困难。 13. 我国古代绘画常用朱红色、青色,故称画为“丹青”。本题选C。“墨宝”指宝贵的字画,也用来尊称别人写的字或画。“金石”:金,指金属制的乐器;石,指石制的磬;“丝竹”:丝,指弦类乐器;竹,指管类乐器。泛指各种乐器,也形容各种声音。 14. 在建国初期的50年代,为了根治淮河水患,国家投入大量资金,在大别山区修建了佛子岭、梅山、响洪甸、磨子潭四大水库。 15. 南非加入BRIC(巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国),成为BRICS,成为金砖五国 16. 2011年12月举行的中央经济工作会议认为,推动2012年经济社会发展,要突出把握好稳中求进的工作总基调。

《春》知识点梳理

《春》(七上)知识点梳理 文章主题:作者通过描绘大地回春、万物复苏、生机勃勃、草木花争荣的景象,赞美了春的创造力,激励人们珍惜大好时光、辛勤劳作、奋发向上,抒发作者对春天的喜爱和赞美之情。 结构: 1、盼春:①段表达方式是抒情,表达作者急切盼望春到来的心情。运用了拟人的修辞,赋予春天人的感情,它好像懂得人们的期盼,使人倍感亲切。奠定了全文清新愉悦的抒情基调。 2、绘春:②段——⑦段 ②段春回大地、万物复苏(宏观勾勒,绘春的总轮廓。) ③段春草图。④段春花图。⑤段春风图。⑥段春雨图。⑦段迎春图。{描写具体,绘春} 3、⑧段赞春:新(新生)、美(美丽)、力(活力) 多个角度多种手法描绘景物。 1、简析: 春草图——颜色,质地,长势,侧面烘托(人在草地上的活动) 春花图——颜色,味道,虚实(虚:联想到春华秋实)、动静、高低 春风图——触觉,味道,听觉(从触觉写春风的柔和,从嗅觉写春风的芳香,从听觉写春风的悦耳,这就把本来无形、无味、无色的春风写得有形有味、有情有感。)春雨图——从静景写到动景,从物写到人,从近写到远。近景写春雨的滋润,用远景烘托春雨之夜的静谧。其中“静默”:运用拟人的修辞,传达出春雨中安静和平的气氛,着力渲染了春雨沐浴的温馨。 迎春图——侧面烘托 2、考题再现吴江市2012-2013年第一学期期末试卷 雨是最寻常的,一下就是三两天。可别恼。看,像牛毛,像花针,像细丝,密密地斜织着,人家屋顶上全笼着一层薄烟。树叶却绿得发亮,小草也青得逼你的眼。傍晚时候,上灯了,一点点黄晕的光,烘托出一片安静而和平的夜。在乡下,小路上,石桥边,有撑着伞慢慢走着的人,地里还有工作的农民,披着蓑戴着笠。他们的房屋稀稀疏疏的,在雨里静默着。 13.选文描绘了春雨的什么特征,回忆你读过的古诗,写一句能表现这种特征的诗句。(2分)。_____________________________________________________________________________ 14.在这段文字中,除写雨外,作者还写了人,有近有远,有静有动,请概括都写了有关人的什么场景?写这些场景的作用是什么?(2分) _____________________________________________________________________________ 答案:13、特征:细密、轻盈(1分)诗句:随风潜入夜,润物细无声(1分) 14、写了灯光;撑着雨伞慢慢行走的人;工作的农民;房屋。(1分)作用是烘托春天雨夜的安宁、和平和生气。(1分) 相城区2011-2012学年第一学期期末试卷 “吹面不寒杨柳风”,不错的,像母亲的手抚摸着你,风里带着些新翻的泥土的气息,混着青草味儿,还有各种花的香,都在微微润湿的空气里酝酿。鸟儿将巢安在繁花嫩叶当中,

初中教材知识点梳理

???????????????负分数负整数负有理数零正分数正整数正有理数有理数备注:红色字体重点记忆 人教版七年级上 第一章 有理数 1.1 正数和负数 (一)正数:大于0的数叫正数,为了明确表达意义,正数前面加上符号“+”,这里 的“+”通常省略; 负数:小于0的数叫负数,在正数的前面加上符号“-”。(重点看教材例子) (二)0既不是正数,也不是负数;-a 不一定是负数,+a 也不一定是正数。 1.2.1 有理数 (一)有理数:整数和分数统称有理数。 (二)有理数的分类: ① ② 1.2.2 数轴 (一)数轴:数轴是规定了原点、正方向、单位长度的一条直线。 (二)画数轴的步骤:(1)画直线;(2)在直线上取一点作为原点;(3)确定正方 向,并用箭头表示(4)根据需要选取适当单位长度。 (三)一般的,设a 是一个正数,则数轴上表示数a 的点在原点的右边,与原点的距离 是a 个单位长度;表示数-a 的点在原点的左边,与原点的距离是a 个单位长度。 1.2.3 相反数 (一)相反数:只有符号不同的两个数。一般地a 和-a 互为相反数,0的相反数还是0。 (二) 相反数的和为0 ? a+b=0 ? a 、b 互为相反数。 1.2.4 绝对值 (一)绝对值:一般地,数轴上表示数a 的点与远点的距离叫做数a 的绝对值, ???????????????? ?正整数整数零负整数有理数正分数分数负分数

(二)一个正数的绝对值是它本身;一个负数的绝对值是它的相反数;0的绝对值是0.即 1.; 2.; 3.。 4.有理数大小比较 (1)正数大于0,0大于负数,正数大于负数; (2)两个负数,绝对值大的反而小。 (3)异号两数比较大小,要考虑它们的正负;同号两数比较大小,要考虑它们的绝对值。 1.3 有理数的加减法 (一)有理数的加法法则: 1.同号两数相加,取相同的符号,并把绝对值相加; 2.绝对值不相等的异号两数相加,取绝对值较大的加数的符号,并用较大的绝对值减去较小的绝对值。互为相反数的两个数相加和为0; 3.一个数同0相加,仍得这个数。 (二)有理数加法的运算律 1. 2. (三)有理数的减法法则:减去一个数,等于加上这个数的相反数。 1.4 有理数的乘除法 (一)有理数的乘法法则: 1.两数相乘,同号为正,异号为负,并把绝对值相乘; 2.任何数与0相乘都得0。 (二)几个不是0的数相乘,负因数的个数是偶数时,积是正数;负因数的个数是奇数时,积是负数。 (三)几个数相乘,如果其中有因数为0,那么积等于0。 (四)乘积是1的两个数互为倒数。 (五)有理数乘法的运算律: 1.乘法的交换律:; 2.; 3.。

广东省考如何用思维导图总结知识点

如何总结知识点----思维导图 一直以来都想写一篇关于如何总结知识点/题型/方法的文章,奈何事比较多,人也变得比较懒散,所以拖到现在。。。 复习行测知识最重要的莫过于总结知识点/方法/题型,一直看视频--刷题--刷题--看视频显然不是高效的复习方法,部分问题也得不到实质性的进展,但是看视频--总结--刷题--总结这样的思路/方法就可以解决很多目前已经遇到或者今后还会遇到的问题。 总结知识点/题型/方法是一种复习的思路,也是一种常用的复习方法,意在以思维导图的形式将知识点/题型/方法条理清晰得进行分析理解并展现出来,一般来说,自己能够独立完成某一点的思维导图,代表着自己对这一点的内容有足够的了解(亦或者对某部分内容处于盲区的点能够清晰的知道并寻找相应的解决方案) 没学如何总结之前,也许你会问: “行测好难,该怎么学呢” “数量关系这么难,完全学不会啊” “申论该怎么学”

会这么问的,一般都是还没开始学,或者学了没有用心思考总结。根据这半年答疑情况来看,大部分是属于后者,学了,题目也做了,但还是会一脸茫然,不断乱问~ 学会条理清晰的整理知识点/方法/题型后,你的问题就会升级成这样: “为什么XXX题不能这么理解” “为什么这个题中X选项不能选择” “为什么我这个理解是错的呢” “为什么这个方法不能适用于这个题呢” 这么提问,可以知道你已经发现问题在哪里,经过自己思考,也有自己的想法,需要的是通过别的正确的分析来引导你走出疑惑并寻找正确的方法(也会让人有回答的兴趣),也不是像前文那般一股脑提出大范围的问题,完全不知道自己到底想要问什么!! 学习数量关系大概会在脑中有一个基本的框架:常见方法、各题型分类、针对各题型的解题方法 我以数量中常见方法这块来详细讲解下---如何清晰有条理得分析/制作思维导图

知识点表格

合同其他单方民事行为限制民事行为能力人“依法 不能独立实施”的民事行为 效力待定/有效合同无效 胁迫、欺诈(1)损害国家利益:无 效 (2)不损害国家利益: 可撤销 无效 乘人之危可撤销无效 恶意串通无效 违反法律或者社会公共利益无效 以合法形式掩盖非法目的无效 重大误解可撤销 显失公平可撤销 具体情形 登记生效(1)房屋买卖 (2)建设用地使用权的取得与转让(3)不动产的抵押 物权变动不以登记为生效要件,但事后处分时仍要登记(1)因合法建造、拆除房屋等事实行为设立或者消灭物权的,自事实行为成就时发生效力 (2)因继承或者受遗赠取得物权的,自继承或者受遗赠开始时发生效力 (3)因人民法院、仲裁委员会的法律文书、人民政府的征收决定,导致物权设立、变更、转让或者消灭的,自法律文书生效或者人民政府的征收决定生效时发生效力 登记对抗(1)土地承包经营权(2)地役权

普通合伙人有限合伙人合伙人死亡√√ 全部财产份额被人民法院 强制执行 √√丧失偿债能力√× 丧失民事行为能力经其他合伙人一致同意,可以 依法转为有限合伙人,普通合 伙企业依法转为有限合伙企 业;否则退伙 ×普通合伙人有限合伙人 能否以劳务出 资 √× 国有独资公司、 国有企业、上市 公司以及公益 性的事业单位、 社会团体 ×√ 事务执行√× 交易约定一致同意×约定√竞争× 约定√出质必须经其他合伙人一致同意 约定√ 对外转让财产份额约定一致同意 提前30日通知 丧失偿债能力 时是否当然退 伙 √× 丧失民事行为能力时是否当然退伙经其他合伙人一致同意,可以依法转为有限合 伙人;其他合伙人未能一致同意的,只能退伙 × 继承(1)继承人具备完全民事行为能力的,按照 合伙协议的约定或者经全体合伙人一致同意, 从继承开始之日起,取得普通合伙人资格 (2)继承人为无民事行为能力人或者限制民 事行为能力人的,经全体合伙人一致同意,可 以依法成为有限合伙人,普通合伙企业依法转 无论其继承人是否具 备完全民事行为能 力,都可以依法取得 有限合伙人的资格

人教版语文五年级下册教材知识点梳理

人教版语文五年级下册教材知识点梳理 一、五年级下册教材分析 (一)本册教材的内容 专题组织单元:八组。两次综合性学习:“语言的艺术”“走进信息世界”。全册共有课文28篇,精读和略读各14篇。在每组课文之后设有“词语盘点”总计词语334个。其中“读读写写”的词语,是由会写的字组成的,要求能读会写共计 181个;“读读记记”的词语,只要求认记,不要求书写共计153个。一些课文的后面还安排了资料袋或阅读链接。全册共安排了五次“资料袋”,两次“阅读链接”。 (二)本册教学目标 1.语文基础知识部分 生字表(一)是要求认识的200个字。生字表(二)是要求写的150个字。 2.阅读部分 高年级的默读训练既要提高理解水平,又要提高默读速度,一般为每分钟不 少于300字。通过默读,了解课文内容,精读课文的思考练习。理解重点句子3.习作 明确提出内容具体、语句通顺、感情真实,习作不少于400字。 4.综合性学习 “信息传递改变着人们的生活”,“利用信息,写简单的研究报告”来说,目的是使学生了解从古至今信息传递的方式发生的变化,了解不同的信息传播方式, 让学生学会怎样写研究报告。 (三)高年级段的教学目标 项目具体目标 语文基汉语 拼音 常用汉字3000个 汉字2500个常用字。 区分同音字和多音字,辨析形近字。

础知 识部分 书写规范,行款正确,有一定的速度。词语理解词语意思。 辨别词语感情色彩。 句子理解句子意思。 推想文章中语句的意思,体会表达效果。积累背诵优秀诗文60篇。 积累常用成语。 阅读默读每分钟不少于300字;正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文;读懂理解、概括文章的主要内容;领会含义深刻的语句;体会文章思想感情, 并有自己的独特体验;了解表达顺序,领悟表达方法;说明性文章, 能抓住要点,了解说明方法;课外阅读总量不少于100万字,累计 145万字。 习作写简单的记实作文和想象作文,内容具体、语句通顺、感情真实;分段表述;正确使用常用的标点符号;能写读书笔记和常见应用文;40 分钟能完成不少于400字的习作。 口语交际能用普通话与他人交流;听他人说话认真耐心,能抓住要点,并能简要转述;能稍做准备,做简单的发言;乐于参与讨论,敢于发表自己 的意见; 表达要有条理,语气、语调适当;注意使用文明用语。 综合实践活动学习浏览,扩大知识面,根据需要搜集资料;能够把搜集的资料进行简单整理,并运用多种形式进行成果展示。 (四)五年级下册教材的习作训练 组别写作内容备注第一组给远方小学生写信应用文

公务员知识点

(关注下20XX年两会的内容及相关国家级会议内容) 中国革命的摇篮——井冈山;人民军队的摇篮——南昌;共和国的摇篮——瑞金——中华苏维埃共和国;安源——秋收起义的发生地; 1978年安徽凤阳小岗村率先实行家庭联产承包制; 1979年湖北武汉建立全国第一个小商品批发市场,被誉为中国改革开放第一街; 20XX年江西、福建、浙江、辽宁成为我国集体林权改革的先行省份; 200年底国务院批准湖南湖北率先建设国家“两型社会”综合配套改革实验区(资源节约型和环境友好型); 唐宋八大家:韩愈柳宗元欧阳修苏洵苏轼苏辙王安石曾巩 《牡丹亭》元代戏曲家汤显祖;《醉翁亭记》北宋欧阳修六一居士;《墨池记》曾巩;《答司马谏议书》北宋王安石; 周期性行业是指行业的景气度与外部的宏观经济环境高度正相关,并呈现周期性循环的行业。钢铁有色金属化工等基础大宗原料行业,水泥工程机械机床重型卡车装备制造等资本集约型行业都是典型的周期性行业; 太阳系中行星按照由近到远排序:水星金星地球火星木星土星天王星海王星 离地球最近的行星是金星火星; 离地球最近的恒星太阳 江西景德镇四大传统名瓷:青花瓷粉彩瓷颜色釉瓷玲珑瓷 目前我国采用三角形符号作为塑料回收标志,一般注在瓶底。只有标识5-7的塑料瓶才表示可以重复使用。 人不可能两次踏进一条河流体现的是运动的绝对性和静止的相对性的统一,是辩证法的观点茶叶的制作工艺分为不发酵,全发酵,半发酵。不发酵茶——绿茶;半发酵茶——乌龙茶、茉莉花茶;完全发酵茶——红茶、普洱茶(铁观音属于乌龙茶) 盗窃罪既遂指财物离开占有人的实际控制范围既构成 《婚姻法》夫妻享有共同财产的平等处置权,一方单独订立的买卖合同无效; 《婚姻法》债权人就一方婚前所负个人债务向债务人配偶主张权利的,人民法院不予支持。但债权人能够证明所负债务用于婚后家庭共同生活的除外; 《物权法》不动产的设立、变更、转让和消灭,经依法登记,发生效力; 因环境污染损害赔偿提起诉讼的时效期限为3年;环境污染民事责任的归责原则是无过错《国家赔偿法》规定经复议机关复议的,最初造成侵权行为的行政机关为赔偿义务机关,但复议机关的复议决定加重损害的,复议机关对加重的部分履行赔偿义务。 党的十七大总结改革开放30年历史进程和宝贵经验,提出中国特色社会主义理论体系的主要内容包括:邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观(胡锦涛20XX年提出的) 党的十七大首次提出建设和谐文化是建设社会主义和谐社会的主要任务。社会主义核心价值体系是建设和谐文化的根本,是社会主义意识形态的本质体现。 党的十七届四中全会提出要把建设马克思主义学习型政党作为重大而紧迫的战略任务抓紧抓好;(20XX年9月15号至18号) 全国人民代表大会制定和修改刑事、民事、国家机构的和其他基本法律。全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定和修改除应当由全国人民代表大会制定的法律以外的其他法律。 省自治区直辖市以及较大的市的人民政府可以根据法律、行政法规和本省、自治区、直辖市的地方性法规,制定规章。 《合同法》当事人约定违约金,又约定定金的,一方违约时,对方可以选择适用违约金或定金条款,二者不可并用;(定金原价返还的不算定金罚则)

各知识点梳理

.各知识点梳理: ⑴我的家在哪里 ①构成社区的要素:相对固定的区域、一定数量的人口以及居民具有共同的区域身份、某些共同的看法、相关的利益和比较密切的交往。P6 ②地图的三要素:P7-8 A.方向:地图上常用的定向方法有三种。 “一般定向法”是地图上普遍采用的方法,即上北下南,左西右东。 “指向标定向法”是在特定条件下所采用的方法,它的画法有多种,但必须标注出正北方向。“经纬网定向法”是最准确的定向方法。地球仪上连接南北两极的弧线叫经线,与赤道平行的线叫纬线。在地球仪上经线指示南北方向,纬线指示东西方向。 B.比例尺:图上距离与实地距离之比,又叫做“缩尺”。地图上的比例尺,通常有三种表示形式。 线段式。例如,0 10 20千米 文字式。例如,“图上1厘米代表实地距离50千米” 。 数字式。例如,1:10000 。 比例尺越大,地图包括的实地范围越小,表示的地理事物越详细;比例尺越小,地图包括的实地范围越大,表示的地理事物越粗略。注意单位的换算,1千米=100000厘米。 C.图例和注记:地图上用来表示地理事物的符号叫图例;地图上用作说明地理事物的文字和数字,叫做注记。 ③社区的主要功能:政治、经济、文化和管理功能。 ⑵多种多样的社区P10-13 ①社区的主要类型:功能社区、自然社区、行政社区。 ②社区的差异:社区间的差异主要体现在两方面: 一是规模不同;二是特色各异,包括城乡之间及城市内部之间的差异。 ③社区间的联系:不同区域间的联系不仅表现在物产方面,还表现在经济、文化、信息等各个方面。 ⑶从地图上获取信息P14-17 ①常见地图: 政区图:按制图区域的大小,可分世界政区图、大洲政区图、国家政区图和地区政区图等。地形图:常见的地形图有等高线地形图和分层设色地形图。 旅游图:向人们提供旅游项目、旅游景点数量和特征、交通线路、旅游服务设施等信息。 ②读图步骤: 首先看比例尺和图例,了解地图内容的详略程度,熟悉表示地理事物的各种符号; 然后概略地了解整个地区的一般特征; 最后分要素、地区详细阅读。 2.具体事例点拨: ⑴请仔细观察,然后完成下列表格。 数字式线段式文字式 1:250000 0 10 20千米

不管是国考还是省考,判断推理的全部知识点都在这里了!最新整理!完整版!

第一章图形推理 一、图形推理的命题形式 二、图形推理考点 (一)位置规律 1.位置类识别特征:元素组成相同(每幅图都长得一模一样),优先考虑位置规律。 如每幅图均由“米”字形、小黑三角、小五角星组成,即为元素组成相同,优先考虑位置规律。 2.具体考点: (1)平移 A.方向:直线(上下、左右、斜对角线)、绕圈(顺逆时针) B.常见步数:恒定(每次走的一样,如每次移动1格)、递增(等差)(如依次移动1、 2、3、4格)。 【注意】a.递减和周期(1、2、1、2)均不常考。 b.多种元素分开看。 c.整体不行分部分观察。 d.黑白格位置移动区域划分:①先整体再部分,顺序不能乱,即多宫格优先看整体,整

体有规律不拆开,无规律才考虑拆开。②8宫格:上下、左右。③12宫格:上下两部分。④九宫格(横竖都有3格)不能对半分,所以九宫格不能分为上下、左右两部分,只能整体观察,分为内外圈(中间1个,其余为外圈)观察不是分部分。⑤16宫格:整体看无规律优先考虑内外圈(考查较多),还可分为上下、左右、四部分(考查较少)。⑥多宫格和常规的图形,平移方向有上下、左右、顺逆时针、斜对角线,都是明确的。 (2)旋转、翻转 ①旋转 A.方向:顺时针、逆时针(与钟表指针移动方向相同为顺时针方向,反之为逆时针) B.常见角度:45°、90°、180° ②翻转 A.左右翻转:竖轴对称——2个图形沿着竖轴对称,如图两个三角形像“照镜子”,左右对称,即为左右翻转。 B.上下翻转:横轴对称——2个图形间画横轴,若2个图形关于横轴对称,即为上下翻转,如图2两个三角形关于横轴对称;考试时都是一行一行的看,很少上下看,如图3蓝色三角形和绿色三角形是上下翻转得到的,不容易看时,简单图形顺手画一下。

知识点总梳理

第一单元隋唐时期:繁荣与开放的时代 第1课隋朝的统一与灭亡 一、隋朝的建立 1、581年,杨坚(隋文帝)建立隋朝,定都长安。589年,隋朝灭陈,统一南北。 隋能统一全国的原因: ①长期的分裂和战乱,人民渴望统一 ②北方民族大融合,江南经济的发展。 ③隋朝励精图治,国力强盛; ④陈朝统治腐败,力量衰弱。 隋统一全国的意义:结束了长期的分裂,实现了统一,为隋唐时期经济文化的繁荣发展奠定了基础。 2、隋统一后采取的措施:发展经济,编订户籍,统一南北币制和度量衡制度;加强中央集权,提高行政效率 二、开通大运河 1、目的:为了加强南北交通,巩固隋王朝对全国的统治。 2、时间、人物:隋炀帝从605年起,开通了一条纵贯南北的大运河。 3、中心、起始点:以洛阳为中心,北达涿郡,南至余杭。 4、长度及地位:全长2700多公里,是古代世界上最长的运河。 5、四个组成部分(自北向南):永济渠、通济渠、邗沟、江南河。 6、连接五条河流(自北向南):海河、黄河、淮河、长江、钱塘江。 7、开通的作用:加强了南北地区政治、经济和文化交流。

8、评价:⑴积极:①经济上:大大促进了南北经济交流;②政治上:有利于维护国家的统一和中央集权(加强了对南方的控制)⑵消极:但也给人民带来了沉重的徭役负担,加速了隋朝的灭亡。 三、开创科举取士制度(科举制) 1、隋文帝初步建立起通过考试选拔人才的制度。隋炀帝时,进士科的创立,标志着科举制的正式确立。 2.意义:科举制的创立,是中国古代选官制度的一大变革,加强了皇帝在选官和用人上的权力,扩大了官吏选拔的范围,使有才学的人能够由此参政,同时也推动了教育的发展。 四、隋朝的灭亡:公元618年,隋炀帝在江都被部将杀死,隋朝灭亡。灭亡的主要原因:隋炀帝的残暴统治。 第2课“贞观之治” 一、唐朝的建立与“贞观之治”(唐太宗) 1.618年,李渊建立唐朝,定都长安。李渊就是唐高祖;626年,李世民(唐太宗)即位,年号“贞观”。 2.措施:(1)纳谏:唐太宗吸取隋朝速亡的历史教训,勤于政事,虚心纳谏,从善如流。(最著名的谏臣:魏征) (2)用人:广纳贤才,知人善任。著名宰相房玄龄、杜如晦。 (3)政治:①进一步完善三省六部制②制定法律,减省刑罚③增加科举考试科目④严格考查各级官吏的政绩 (4)经济上,减轻人民的劳役负担,鼓励发展农业生产。

湖南省小升初语文常考知识点

小升初语文常考知识点 1、描写学习的词 学无止境学而不厌废寝忘食争分夺秒不甘示弱全力以赴真才实学 孜孜不倦力争上游好学不倦笨鸟先飞披荆斩棘不学无术闻鸡起舞 勤学好问自强不息发愤图强只争朝夕 2、描写人物神态的词 神采奕奕眉飞色舞昂首挺胸惊慌失措漫不经心 垂头丧气没精打采炯炯有神愁眉苦脸大惊失色 3、描写描写春节的诗 爆竹声中一岁除,春风送暖入屠苏。 千门万户曈曈日,总把新桃换旧符。 (《元日》北宋·王安石) 4、描写景色的诗 黑云翻墨未遮山,白雨跳珠乱入船。 卷地风来忽吹散,望湖楼下水如天。 (《六月二十七日望湖楼醉书》北宋·苏轼) 5、描写夏天的成语和熟语: 烈日炎炎浮瓜避暑骄阳如火皎阳似火赫赫炎炎炎炎夏日炎阳炙人 烈日当空狂风烈日火伞高张吴牛喘月流金铄石五黄六月浮瓜沉李 夏日炎炎绿树成荫椅席炙手热不可耐暑气熏蒸赤日炎炎烈日炎炎 烈日杲杲烈日中天炎阳似火骄阳似火火日炙人火轮高吐火云如烧 海天云蒸夏日可畏夏阳酷暑夏山如碧夏树苍翠夏水汤汤沉李浮瓜 赫赫炎炎热气腾腾铄石流金烁石流金流金铁石燋金铁石焦金流石 燋金流石吴牛喘月长天当日赤时当空炎天暑月暑气蒸人汗流浃背 浑身出汗汗流浃背汗流洽背遍体生津流汗浃背挥汗如雨挥汗成雨 汗如雨下汗出如浆汗流如注田地龟裂寸草不生颗粒无收禾苗枯槁 禾苗干枯满头大汗赤地千里大汗淋漓旱威为虐野田禾苗半枯焦 6.文学常识——作者介绍 1、中国最早的字典叫《说文解字》,作者是许慎,这是第一部按部首归类的字典,这种归类方法一直延续到现在。 2、清乾隆年间,皇帝下令编撰了一部中国最大的丛书,收录了18世纪以前3000多种重要著作。全书共230万页,连接在一起,足够绕地球赤道一圈有余。请问这部丛书叫《四库全书》。

知识点归纳

知识点归纳 一、本模块词组 1. sound like 2. refer to 3. the Chinese for………的汉语 4. make/do small talk 聊天、闲谈 5. at/on social occasions/ at a social event/ at social events 6. be good at 7. impress sb. a lot 8. avoid (doing) sth.避免(做)某事情9. encourage sb to do sth. 10. make sure 11. people’s opinions about music 12. used to do 过去常常13. would love to do .be used to do sth. 被用来做……14. make an enemy of sb.与……为敌 .be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯、.make friends with sb.与……交友15. lack the confidence 缺乏自信16. be nervous about/ of 害怕、对…… 感到焦虑 17. have a conversation with sb. 与……谈话18. do advance planning 预先计划/准备一下 .hold/ make a conversation with sb. 19. prepare for your English exam .in conversation with sb. 与……谈话.prepare you for more serious conversations 20. develop your listening skills 提高听 力技巧 .have sth. ready 21. a two-way process 一个双向过程.get sth. ready 22. make you a better listener 让你成 为…… 23. look away from 把目光从……移开 24. keep good eye contact 保持得体的目光接触25. go to a social occasion 去一个社交场合 26. in addition 除此之外27. find out 查明白、弄清楚 28. in agreement 同意、一致29. a lack of obligation 缺少责任 30. against the law 31. wear a tie 佩带领带 32. during a job interview 见工期间33. the immigration people 移民检查员

公务员考试行测笔记知识点梳理

行测笔记 模块一:言语理解与表达(不可加入个思想常识,一切以题为出发点) 题型:片段阅读(考理解)多于选词填空(考表达)试卷第一部分,30题 一、做题顺序:1、先审题问―――――分清题型、了解题问是什么 2、回读题干―――――寻找命题语句同义替换:换一种说法,对策型答案居多 3、果断选择―――――经过转换后的答案 精减压缩:提炼句子主干 二、阅读理解题:(总计20小题) 题型:1、主旨概括题(10题左右) 标识词:主旨、主要、主题、中心、核心、旨在。主(说明、阐明、表达、意思)――――找主旨句、重点句 概括、总结、归纳、复述―――――――――――――――――――――――突出重点、兼顾其它 ⑴、做题思路: 行文脉络 关联词语选择答案 对策多为考点,转换后为答案 切记不得思维发散或引申,转换即可 ⑵、做题方法:2个切入点――――关联词 行文脉络: 1、总-分-总①首尾句原则:文章的前半段或后两句比较重要,可能出现观点(重点强调一、二句) 2、总――分如随着―――,背景交待,粗读过后找对策。尾句“在这种情况下”指代上段,后句为观点 3、分――总 4、分—分②辅(分)证原则:地位为辅,作用为证。 例子:看其前后,对于例子的表述项,不选 出现原因时:看前后 援引:看前后内容,援引不选 反证:看之前或通过反证推导出正面观点 正确答案要与原文在主体、倾向性、语态、时态上保持一致。 ①递进复句:(重点在递进句的后部分) 【典型格式】“不但,,,而且,,”。如“大别山区不但矿产很丰富,而且自然景色很美。” 【关联词语】跟“不但”作用相同的词语还有“不仅”、“不单”、“不独”、“不只”、“不光”等; 跟“而且”相同的词语还有“并”、“并且”、“也”、“还”;(一级递进) 与“甚至”相同的词语还有“更”、特别、尤其、重要的是、关键的是、核心的是等。(二级递进) 【多重递进】“不但,,,而且,,,甚至,,” 例1:某公司的经验充分显示出(说明、表明、证实―――结论性的引导词),成功的行销运作除了有赖专门的行销部门外,还需要有优异的产品,精密的市场调研,更少不了(专业的业务部门、公关部门、擅长分析的财务部门以及物流后勤等部门―――定语)的全 力配合与支持。如果(反面论证,重点在反面论证之前,此处可不看)行销部门独强而其他部门弱,或是行销部门与其他部门不合, 或是公司各部门无法有效地整合,都会让行销运作无法顺利有效地进行,难以发挥应有的强大威力。这段文字主要强调的是:() A. 该公司各个部门的有效整合是其成功的关键 B. 注重团队合作是该公司取得成功的宝贵经验 C. 成功的行销运作可以给企业带来巨大的经济效益 D. 行销部门只有与其他部门紧密配合才能更好地发挥作用―――同义替换 例2:(2007 年江苏)北京市采取的公交优先战略除了是为奥运会创造畅通的交通环境外,更重要的是有助于培养北京市居民的公交 意识和某种程度上的公民意识,北京市居民的这两种意识塑造。对北京市的长远发展是一笔财富。 这段文字主要讨论的是:() A.北京奥运会 B.奥运会的交通环境 C.北京人的两种意识―――同义替换 D.北京市公交的优先战略 例3:(2006 年江西)要想使中小股东的合法权益得到有效保护,完善投资者保护方面的立法并加强执法力度仅仅是其中的一个方面, 更重要的是,必须要在国有上市公司中尽快引入市值考核机制,将国有大股东利益与广大中小股东利益有机统一在一起。 这段文字主要讨论的是:() A.必须保护中小股东的合法权益 B.必须尽快引入市值考核机制,有机统一大中小股东利益―――――对策 C.在投资者保护方面,需要完善立法并加强执法力度 D.中小股东的合法权益根本得不到有效保护

教育综合知识点梳理

教育综合知识点记忆技巧梳理 由于教育综合涉及的知识面广,大纲要求的识记性知识点比较多,给考生们带来了很多困扰。为了帮助考生在较短的时间内能够高效且全面的对教育综合知识进行复习,我们在对教育综合知识全面分析的基础上,给考生梳理部分知识点的记忆技巧,希望能够帮助广大考生能够高效的复习知识,顺利通过考试。 一、知识体系梳理 教育综合知识共涉及到五大考试模块,分别为教育学、心理学、教育法律法规、教师职业道德修养和新课程改革。由此可知,教育综合知识考查的知识面较广,且较为分散,对考试的应试要求较高。我们根据考试大纲要求,对这五大知识点模块以思维导图的形式进行系统的梳理,希望能够帮助广大考生从宏观上形成系统的知识框架体系图。 (1)教育学共分为3大模块,有11章内容,根据知识点的重要性和考查频率,标红的①最为重要,且为常考点,标蓝的②为次重点,没有标出的并非不考,只是相对而言对这部分知识考查的较少。 (2)心理学共有3大模块,分别是心理学概述、普通心理学和教育心理学。相对教育学而言,心理学分值约占35%-40%之间,我们也用思维导图的形式标注重点与次重点。

(3)教育法律法规需要考生重点掌握7部法律法规,以及对应考试所在省出台的部分法律法规。考生对于这部分知识需要掌握常考法律的时间、地位、和重要条文。 (4)教师职业道德修养所占的分数为10分左右,常以选择题和材料分析题形式进行考查。

(5)新课程改革是教育综合知识中重要的一个知识模块,所占分数约为10分左右。 二、连词成句技巧梳理 教育学知识所占分数为40%以上,根据部分知识点的特点,我们给广大考生分享一些连词成句的记忆方法。 (1)《四书》(《论语》、《孟子》、《大学》、《中庸》)作为古代封建社会教学的基本教材和科举考试的依据,是教综知识考查的一个知识点。 记忆技巧:梦中大论 梦:孟子 中:中庸 大:大学 论:论语 (2)现代教育的特点是教综简答题考查的一个形式,有教育的终身化、教育的全民化、教育的XX化、教育的多元化、教育技术的现代化。 记忆技巧:全民多现身 全:全民化 民:XX化 多:多元化 现:现代化 身:终身化 (3)夸美纽斯是近代著名教育家,对近代教育的发展做出重要贡献,因而,夸美纽斯的相关知识点是教综考查的重要内容。 记忆技巧:夸大侄子拌饭

2019省考备考 知识点--天干地支

知识点:天干地支 一、天干地支的概念 天干地支,简称干支,源自于中国远古时代对天象的观测。“甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸”称为十天干,“子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戌亥”称为十二地支。天干地支组成形成了古代纪年历法,十干和十二支依次相配,组成六十个基本单位,两者按固定的顺序相互配合,组成了干支纪元法。 二、十二地支与十二生肖 十二生肖,又叫属相,是中国与十二地支相配以人出生年份的十二种动物,包括鼠牛虎兔龙蛇马羊猴鸡狗猪。与十二生肖一一对应,分别是子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。 三、十二地支与时辰 古时用十二地支来表示十二个时辰,以夜半二十三点至一点为子时,一点至三点为丑时,依此类推。 子时,夜半,又名子夜、中夜,十二个时辰的第一个时辰(23时到1时)。 丑时,鸡鸣,又名荒鸡,十二个时辰的第二个时辰(1时到3时)。 寅时,平旦,又名黎明,早晨,十二个时辰的第三个时辰(3时到5时)。

卯时,日出,又名日始,破晓,十二个时辰的第四个时辰(5时到7时)。 辰时,食时,又名早食,十二个时辰的第五个时辰(7时到9时)。 巳时,隅中,又名日禹。临近中午的时候(9时到11时)。 午时,日中,又名正午,中午(11时到13时)。 未时,日昳,又名日央,日跌(13时到15时)。 申时,晡时,又名日铺,夕时(15时到17时)。 酉时,日入,又名日落,傍晚,意为太阳落山的时候(17时到19时)。 戌时,黄昏,又名日夕,日暮,此时太阳已经落山,天将黑未黑(19时到21时)。 亥时,人定,又名定昏,此时夜色已深,人们已经停止活动,安歇睡眠了。人定就是人静的意思(21时到23时)。 四、干支纪年 干支纪年法是中国历法上自古以来就一直使用的纪年方法,把干支顺序相配正好六十为一周,周而复始,循环记录。如1984年为甲子年,那么下一年,也就是1985年就是乙丑年,1986年就是丙寅年。简单来说就是,后一年就是天干和地支各往后推一个,这样循环一周就是60年,比如1984是甲子年,那六十年之后,2044年又循环到甲子年。

高中政治重点知识点梳理

高中政治重点知识点梳理 (注:*为主观题常用知识点,△为热点题型)

必修一经济生活

第一单元生活与消费 第一课、神奇的货币 1、商品 ①含义:用于交换的劳动产品。 ②属性:价值与使用价值。 ③二者关系:使用价值是价值的物质承担者。 2、货币 ①货币的本质:一般等价物。 ②货币的职能:a流通手段; b价值尺度; c贮藏手段; d支付手段。 3、纸币 ①纸币的含义:由国家(或某些地区)发行的并强制使用的。 ②纸币的发行:必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度。 ③发行货币的影响: a发行过多——通货膨胀:社会总需求>社会总供给; 表现:纸币贬值,物价上涨; 利弊:对企业生产具有一定的刺激作用,但会影响人民的经济生活和社会经济秩序,影响经济的正常发展。 b发行过少——通货紧缩:社会总需求<社会总供给; 表现:大多数商品和劳动力的价格普遍下降; 利弊:物价下降,在一定程度上对人民有好处,但长时间大范围下降会影响企业生产与投资者积极性,使经济萧条,影响人民生活水平提高,导致市场消费不振,对经济长远发展,人民长远利益不利。 ④解决办法: a通货膨胀:适度从紧的货币政策和紧缩性的财政政策。 b通货紧缩:积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,发行国债,投资环境设施建设,扩大出口。 ⑤货币升贬值: a本国货币升值:有利于进口、对外投资、本国人民的国际购买力、偿还外债、提高国际地位;不利于出口、吸引外资、扩大外需、收回外债、加大国际投资风险。 b本国货币贬值:有利于出口、吸引外资、扩大外需、收回外债、降低国际投资风险;不利于进口、对外投资、本国人民的国际购买力、偿还外债、降低国际地位。

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档