?名词精讲
一、找出下列笑话中的可数名词
In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?”“100 dollars.”“But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!”“Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”
二、可数名词和不可数名词。
1) 可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。可数名词有
单数和复数两种形式。
例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。
名词单数变复数变化如下：
1．词尾直接加s ，如：cat——cats bag——_______ day——_______
2．以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的词加es ，
如：class—_______, match—_______, box—_____, dish—______
3．以辅音加y 结尾的词变y 为i, 加es. 元音加y 结尾的词直接加s,
如: party----______ city----______ story----________
boy----_______ monkey-----_______ key----________ 等.
4．以f 或fe 结尾的词, 变f 或fe 为v, 加es,如: wife ---- wives half---- halves 注意特殊情况直接加“s”，要逐个记chiefs, handkerchiefs, roofs.
5．以辅音加o 结尾的词常加es, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes.
元音加o 结尾直接加s. 如:radios, zoos.特殊情况: photos
6．名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得
如: man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice
2) 不可数名词
不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如：English, air, water, cotton, work…
不可数名词表示数量时，可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+of+名词。如：a bottle of water, two cups of tea, three pieces of paper
注意事项：
1．不可数名词没有复数变化，不能用a，an，但可用the，或不用冠词，如：
bread is the usual breakfast.
2．虽然不可数名词没有复数变化，但量词超过一时要加复数。如：three cups of coffee, five bottles of water
3．有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如：ten bags of rice---- ten baskets of eggs
?巩固练习
1、找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式：homework half advice______ money ______ knowledge ______ boot _____ blood ______ music ______ chicken ________ heat _____ mouth ______ bread _______ information ______ milk _____ cow _______ tear ________
2、写出下列名词的复数形式
watch toy class
box tax zoo
match fox brush
difficulty bus baby
pray lady glass
monkey family city
man child photo
hero potato chief
roof half live
factory enemy tomato
fish sheep radio
mouse foot goose
woman tooth deer
?名词所有格
一、表示有生命物的名词的所有格
1.单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词如果词尾没有s，也要加’s。
the boy's bag 男孩的书包Mike's knife 迈克的刀子
the children's room 孩子们的房间men's room 男厕所
2.若名词已有复数词尾s，只加’
the students' bags 学生们的书包the teachers' reading-room 教师阅览室
3.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加's。如表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加's。如：
This is Tom and Jason's room. 这是汤姆和杰森共有的房间。
These are Tom's and Jason's rooms. 这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。
二、.表示无生命物的名词所有格
1、如果名词是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。
the windows of the house 房间的窗户the title of the song 歌的名字
the picture of the family 家庭照片
2、在表示名词所有格时，'s结构可以转换成of结构。
the girl's name → the name of the girl 女孩的名字
my father's friend →the friend of my father's 我父亲的朋友
3、有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加's来构成所有格。Beijing's street 北京的街道today's newspaper 今天的报纸
ten minutes' walk 十分钟的路程
?巩固练习
写出下列名名词和词组的所有格
1．a sister ______________ 2．a boy
3．today ______________ 4．a baby
5．a camel ______________ 6．men
7．birds ______________ 8．John and Mary（两人共有的）
9．John and Mary （两人各自所有的）
课堂作业
一．按要求填入单词的适当形式
1．Two________ live in this building. (family)
2．Look at those _______. (child)
3．I can see a ________ standing near the door. (policeman)
4．There are some ________ on the table. (glass)
5．Would you like some ________? (bread)
6．I have two ________. (sister)
二．选用下列正确的单词或词组，在正确的选项上打√
1．Do you drink much (milk, milks)?
2．I visited (Tom, Tom's) house yesterday.
3．He had two (cup ,cups) of tea.
4．This is (Tom and Mary's ,Tom's and Mary's) house.
5．Give me a (piece of ,×)paper, please.
6．I don't want (a, an)old cap.
7．Look at those (sheep, sheeps ).
8．How many (radioes , radios ) can you see?
9．There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.
10．That bag is my (father's, father's bag.)
三．用's/ s'替换下列词组
1．the leg of the boy ______________2．the key of the girl ______________ 3．the tail of the cat _______________4．the friend of my father's___________ 5．the toys of the boy_______________6．the songs of the birds ____________ 7．the servants of the queen _________ 8．the shirts of the men _____________ 9．the violin of the girl ______________
10．the pen of John_________________
课后作业
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. Teachers' Day is _________ September 10th .
A. at
B.in
C. on
D. for
( ) 2. She ________ playing table tennis. They __________ playing basketball.
A. like, likes
B. likes, likes
C. likes, like
D. like, like
( ) 3. _________ Mrs White worried about Helen?
A. Does
B. Do
C. Are
D. Is
( ) 4. We are in the same __________, but in different ___________.
A. school, classes
B. school, class
C. schools, classes
D. schools, class ( ) 5. ---___________ water is there in the cup? ---Only a little.
A. How many
B. How often
C. How long
D. How much
( ) 6. ---_________ she __________ to the sea next summer?
--- Yes, she is.
A. Is, going
B. Does, goes
C. Do, go
D. are, going
( ) 7. There _________ some water and some apples in the fridge.
A. have
B. has
C. is
D. are
( ) 8. Which do you like __________, Chinese, Maths or English?
A. best
B. better
C. good
D. well
( ) 9. How many _________ are there on the farm?
A. dear
B. deer
C. deers
D. dears
( ) 10. ---What's three eighths and a half? ---It's ____________.
A. three eighths
B. seven half
C. seven eighths
D. three half
二、阅读理解。
(A)
People are busy working every day. They do not have enough time to do exercise. So many people become too fat or too thin. We need to do exercise to keep fit.
There are many kinds of exercise. Bending and stretching helps us move easily. Before we play ball games or swim, we shall do bending and stretching exercise first. This kind of exercise is sometimes called warm-up exercise. Running is also good exercise. If we cannot run fast, we can
jog. Jogging means running slowly. Again, before we run or jog, we must do some warm-up exercise. Also, we should not run or jog in busy streets. It is not safe and the air there is often dirty. ( ) 1. makes many people too fat or too thin.
A. Eating too much
B. Drinking too much
C. Having no time to do exercise
D. Doing too much exercise
( ) 2. Before we play ball games, we must first.
A. swim
B. run
C. jog
D. do warm-up exercise
( ) 3. What does jogging mean ?
A. It means bending and stretching.
B. It means warm-up exercise.
C. It means running fast.
D. It means running slowly.
( ) 4. Which of the following sentences is RIGHT ?
A. People shouldn’t be busy working.
B. There are not many kinds of exercise to keep fit.
C. Jogging means running quickly.
D. Busy streets are not good places for running.
( ) 5. Which of the following sentences is WRONG ?
A. People have no time to do exercise because their work is very busy.
B. We can do some warm-up exercise to run fast.
C. We cannot jog in busy streets because it is dangerous.
D. We shall do bending and stretching exercise to warm-up our body before we do exercise.