动词的各种时态及变化规
则
The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020
动词的各种时态及变化规则
一、一般现在时
用法：1.现阶段经常性、习惯性动作；
2.目前的状态；
3.客观真理。
构成：主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词要在词尾加-s(-es)，其他人称和数用动词原形。
否定形式：am/is/are+ not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year,
month…), once a week, on Sundays
动词的变化规则
（1）一般直接在词尾+s runs likes
(2) 以s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词在词尾+es goes passes
(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，要把y变i+es
study ---studies try----tries
(4) 以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接在后+s stays plays
二、现在进行时
用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
b. 表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
构成：主语+am / is / are + 动词的现在分词 (即动词 -ing 形式)
否定形式：主语+am / is / are + 动词的现在分词
一般疑问句：把am / is / are放于句首。
时间状语：these days, now, at the moment, look, listen.
现在分词的变化规则
（1）.一般直接在动词词尾+ing reading
（2）.以不发音e结尾的动词要把e去掉+ing live---living
（3）.以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再ing
run---running 注：重读闭音节：辅+元+辅并且元音是单元音
（4）.特殊记忆的动词 die---dying 死 lie---lying 躺 tie---tying 栓系
三、一般过去时
用法：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
构成：主语+动词的过去式。
否定形式：若谓语为was\ were, 或情态动词，则直接在其后加not; 若谓语为行为动词，则需要借助did+ not, 还原动词。
一般疑问句：若谓语为was\ were, 或情态动词，则直接将其提到主语前; 若谓语为行为动词，则需要借助did,并将其提到主语前，同时还原动
词。
时间状语：yesterday，this morning，the day before yesterday，in 1990，与ago连用的状语，two days ago。与last连用的时间状语，
last Sunday，last night。
动词的过去式形式
（1）一般直接在动词词尾+ed work---worked
（2）以e结尾的动词在词尾+d liked lived
（3）以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再加ed stop---stopped
(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，要把y变i+ed study---studied
不规则动词过去式：
am, is- was are-were do-did see-saw say-said
give-gave get- got go-went come-came have-had,
eat-ate take-took run-ran sing-sang put-put,
make-made read-read write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank,
fly-flew ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept buy-bought
swim-swam sit-sat bring--brought can-could cut-cut
become-became begin-began feel-felt find-found
forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew
learn-learnt （learned） leave-left let-let lose-lost
meet-met read-read sleep-slept speak-spoke take-took
teach-taught tell-told write-wrote wake-woke think-though
不规则动词变化表
1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）
动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割，切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打
3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。Build built built 建筑
Lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
（3）其他
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
ring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
feel felt felt 觉得
fight fought fought 战斗
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂have had had 有
hold held held 盛，握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
sell sold sold 卖
shoot shot shot 射击
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug dug 挖
5. A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
动词过去式把i变o, 过去分词去e双写再加en
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
以ow结尾过去式把o变e 过去分词直接加n
throw threw thrown 抛，扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉，绘画
show showed shown 展示
（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎，折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
Begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
（4）其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am, is) was/ were been 是
be(are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿
注：“~”表示在动词原形后直接加ing
英语寓言故事:The Farmer and the Stork农夫和鹳 A farmer placed nets on his newly-sown plowlands and caught a number of Cranes, which came to pick up his seed. With them he trapped a Stork that had fractured his leg in the net and was earnestly beseeching the Farmer to spare his life. "Pray save me, Master," he said, "and let me go free this once. My broken limb should excite your pity. Besides, I am no Crane, I am a Stork, a bird of excellent character; and see how I love and slave for my father and mother. Look too, at my feathers-- they are not the least like those of a Crane." The Farmer laughed aloud and said, "It may be all as you say, I only know this: I have taken you with these robbers, the Cranes, and you must die in their company." Birds of a feather flock together. 农夫在刚刚播种的田里布下许多网，许多来吃种子的鹤都被捉住了，并捉到一只鹳，鹳的腿被网折断了，它哀求农夫说：“饶了我吧，可怜可怜我吧。我又不是鹤，而是一只鹳，我是性情优美的鸟。你瞧，我多么孝顺父母，为他们辛勤劳作，再仔细看看我的羽毛，与鹤也完全不同。”农夫大笑说：“你说的话也许不错；但我只知道，你和这些偷吃种子的鹤一起被捉到，那末你就得和他们一起死。” 这是说物以类聚，人以群分。
1.一般情况下直接加ing play玩—playing listen听---listening read stories（读故事书）-- reading stories climb mountains（爬山）-- climbing mountains 2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e，再加ing make制做—making dance跳舞---dancing come来---coming 3.辅音+元音+辅音结尾的单词，双写词尾字母再加ing *（元音字母a、e、i、o、u）swim游泳—swimming run跑步—running stop停止—stopping shop购物—shopping 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式， 如：I play football. He plays football. I live in Shanghai. Sarah lives in Shanghai. 主语第三人称单数形式：he / she / it / my father… /Amy / Zhang Peng… 1.一般情况在词尾加s: like—likes dance---dances live居住—lives 2.以o、s、x 、sh、ch结尾的单词加es. do—does go-- goes teach教--- teaches watch看--watches wash clothes洗衣服--- washes clothes 3.以元音（aeiou）+y结尾的单词，加s: play-- plays say说-- says 4.以辅音+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es ：fly kites放风筝-- flies kites study学习-- studies 5.特殊记：have有—has I have a book. She has a book. 1.一般情况下直接加ing play玩—playing listen听---listening read stories（读故事书）-- reading stories climb mountains（爬山）-- climbing mountains 2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e，再加ing make制做—making dance跳舞---dancing come来---coming 3.辅音+元音+辅音结尾的单词，双写词尾字母再加ing *（元音字母a、e、i、o、u）swim游泳—swimming run跑步—running stop停止—stopping shop购物—shopping 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式， 如：I play football. He plays football. I live in Shanghai. Sarah lives in Shanghai. 主语第三人称单数形式：he / she / it / my father… /Amy / Zhang Peng… 1.一般情况在词尾加s: like—likes dance---dances live居住—lives 2.以o、s、x 、sh、ch结尾的单词加es. do—does go-- goes teach教--- teaches watch看--watches wash clothes洗衣服--- washes clothes 3.以元音（aeiou）+y结尾的单词，加s: play-- plays say说-- says 4.以辅音+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es ：fly kites放风筝-- flies kites study学习-- studies 5.特殊记：have有—has I have a book. She has a book.
Verb Past Tense Past Participle A abide abided, abode abided arise arose arisen awake awoke, awakened awoken B be was, were been bear bore borne beat beat beaten become became become befall befell befallen beget begot begotten begin began begun behold beheld beheld bend bent bent bereave bereft, bereaved bereft, bereaved beseech besought, beseeched besought, beseeched beset beset beset bestride bestrode bestridden bet bet, betted bet, betted betake betook betaken bid bade, bid bid, bidden bind bound bound bite bit bitten bleed bled bled bless blessed, blest blessed, blest blow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast broadcast browbeat browbeat browbeaten build built built burn burned, burnt burned, burnt burst burst burst bust bust, busted bust, busted buy bought bought C cast cast cast catch caught caught chide chided, chid chid, chidden choose chose chosen cleave cleaved, cleft clove, cleaved, cleft, cloven
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一．动词ing形式的用法 1.正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing. 如:I'm playing football. 2.一些特殊表达..如: be good at doing sth enjoy doing sth. be busy doing feel like doing thank you for doing do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 二．动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1）一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having 3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。初中学过的这类词有：begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。4）以 y 结尾的动词直接加 ing carry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying 5）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing
不规则动词变化表：( 原形→过去式→过去分词) be(am,is)was been lose lost lost be(are)were been make made made beat beat beaten may might become became become mean meant meant begin began begun meet met met blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken break broke broken must must bring brought brought pay paid paid build built built put put put buy bought bought read read Read can could ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose risen come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said cut cut cut see saw seen dig dug dug sell sold sold do did done send sent sent draw drew drawn set set set drink drank drunk shall should drive drove driven shine shone shone eat ate eaten show showed shown fall fell fallen shut shut shut feel felt felt sing sang sung find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken fly flew flown sit set set forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt get got got speak spoke spoken give gave given spend spent spent go went gone spill spilt spilt grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood have(has) had had sweep swept swept hear heard heard swim swam swum hide hid hidden take took taken hit hit hit teach taught taught hold held held tell told told
动词的各种时态及变化规则 一、一般现在时 用法：1.现阶段经常性、习惯性动作； 2.目前的状态； 3.客观真理。 构成：主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词要在词尾加-s(-es)，其他人称和数用动词原形。 否定形式：am/is/are+ not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays 动词的变化规则 （1）一般直接在词尾+s runs likes (2) 以s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词在词尾+es goes passes (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，要把y变i+es study ---studies try----tries (4) 以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接在后+s stays plays 二、现在进行时 用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 b. 表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 构成：主语+am / is / are + 动词的现在分词(即动词-ing 形式) 否定形式：主语+am / is / are + 动词的现在分词 一般疑问句：把am / is / are放于句首。 时间状语：these days, now, at the moment, look, listen. 现在分词的变化规则 （1）.一般直接在动词词尾+ing reading （2）.以不发音e结尾的动词要把e去掉+ing live---living （3）.以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再ing run---running 注：重读闭音节：辅+元+辅并且元音是单元音（4）.特殊记忆的动词die---dying 死lie---lying 躺tie---tying 栓系 三、一般过去时 用法：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 构成：主语+动词的过去式。 否定形式：若谓语为was\ were, 或情态动词，则直接在其后加not; 若谓语为行为动词，则需要借助did+ not, 还原动词。
一、规则动词(Regullar Verbs) 的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有： 1. 一般的直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned 2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved smile--smiled; hope--hoped. 注意：ie结尾动词,直接加d: died;tied. 3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped planned; 4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married worried; studied. 注意：规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则： 在浊辅音和元音后面[d] called [k?:ld] borrowed[b?r??d] moved[mu:vd] 在清辅音后面[t] helped[helpt] passed[pa:st] 在[t] [d]音后面[id] started['sta:tid] counted['kauntid] needed['ni:did] counted['kauntid]补充说明： 二、不规则动词(Irregular Verbs)的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法： 1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat read—read must--must 2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent 3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt 4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed） 5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt sweep—swept 6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：come—came become—became sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank 7．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如： bring—brought，buy— bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught 8．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如： drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote 9．动词原形中的e改为o，如： get—got，forget—forgot
英语动词时态归纳总结对照表
英语时态专项练习 1、一般现在时。 通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 一般现在时基本用法介绍 一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二、一般现在时的构成: 肯定句： 1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词（形容词，介词短语） 2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它 第三人称单数+动词-s+其它 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
三、一般现在时的变化 否定句：1)主语+ be （is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它I don't like bread 第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：1)Be（Is,Are） +主语+其它?如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它？ Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+？ 注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any. Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 2、现在进行时。 通常用“now/look/listen”. 1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2．现在进行时的结构：. 肯定句：主语+be（is,am,are ） +动词现在分词-ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 否定句：主语+be（is,am,are ）+not + 动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing？ 特殊疑问：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 3.动词加ing的变化规则 1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing， 如：run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming 3、一般过去时态 一般过去时通常用“a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last…”等。 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
一、动词第三人称单数变化规则 1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加-s. 例如：works gets says reads 2) 以ch，sh，s，x ，o结尾的动词，在后面加-es。 例如：go-goes；teach-teaches；wash-washes ；brush-brushes；catch-catches；do-does；fix -fixes 。 3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加-es. 例如：study- studies；try-tries；carry-carries；fly-flies ；cry-cries 二、现在分词变化规则 （1）一般情况下，直接在动词后加－ing work ---- working ；sleep ----- sleeping ；study ----- studying （2）动词以不发音的－e结尾，要去－e加－ing take ----- taking ；make ----- making ；dance ----- dancing （3）重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加－ing cut ----- cutting ；put ----- putting ；begin ------ beginning （4）以－ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加－ing lie ----- lying；tie ----- tying；die ----- dying 三、形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下 ①一般单音节词末尾加er 和est ②单音节词如果以e结尾，只加r 和st ③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅 音字母，再加er和est
动词的变化规则 一、动词规则变化 动词第三人称单数变化规则 1、一般情况下，动词后直接加s， 如：works,gets,reads等。 2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在后面加es， 如：goes,teaches,washes等。 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加es， 如：study--studies,try--tries,carry--carries等。 4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has， 如：He has an interesting book . 5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is 动词现在分词变化规则 1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加－ing work ---- working sleep ----- sleeping study ----- studying 2 动词以不发音的－e结尾，要去－e加－ing take ----- taking make ----- making dance ----- dancing 3 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加－ing cut ----- cutting put ----- putting begin ------ beginning 4 以－ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加－ing lie ----- lying tie ----- tying die ----- dying 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则 ①一般在动词原形后加-ed 原形Look call open 过去式Looked called opened 过去分词Looked called opened ②以-e结尾的动词加-d 原形move phone hope
动词的各种时态及变化规 则 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020
动词的各种时态及变化规则 一、一般现在时 用法：1.现阶段经常性、习惯性动作； 2.目前的状态； 3.客观真理。 构成：主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词要在词尾加-s(-es)，其他人称和数用动词原形。 否定形式：am/is/are+ not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays 动词的变化规则 （1）一般直接在词尾+s runs likes (2) 以s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词在词尾+es goes passes (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，要把y变i+es study ---studies try----tries (4) 以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接在后+s stays plays 二、现在进行时 用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 b. 表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 构成：主语+am / is / are + 动词的现在分词 (即动词 -ing 形式) 否定形式：主语+am / is / are + 动词的现在分词 一般疑问句：把am / is / are放于句首。 时间状语：these days, now, at the moment, look, listen. 现在分词的变化规则 （1）.一般直接在动词词尾+ing reading （2）.以不发音e结尾的动词要把e去掉+ing live---living （3）.以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再ing run---running 注：重读闭音节：辅+元+辅并且元音是单元音 （4）.特殊记忆的动词 die---dying 死 lie---lying 躺 tie---tying 栓系 三、一般过去时
初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表
初中英语时态专项练习 1、一般现在时。通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。一般现在时基本用法介绍一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二、一般现在时的构成: 肯定句： 1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词（形容词，介词短语） 2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它第三人称单数+动词-s+其它如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 三、一般现在时的变化否定句： 1)主语+ be （is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它 I don't like bread 第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：1)Be（Is,Are） +主语+其它?如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它？ Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+？注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any. Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. Do you often play football ?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 一般现在时用法专练: 一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
中考初中英语不规则动词变化时态变化表 1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词cost cost cost 花费cut cut cut 割，切hit hit hit 打let let let 让put put put 放下read read read 读hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打 3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come came come 来become became become 变run ran run 跑 4. A ---B ---B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习mean meant meant 意思hear heard heard 听见（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built 建筑lend lent lent 借给lose lost lost 失去send sent sent 送spend spent spent 花费 （3）其他pay paid paid 付lay laid laid 下蛋say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来buy bought bought 买think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡keep kept kept 保持sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站
动词i n g形式的用法及变化规则一．口诀：nowlooklistenbe，动词要加ing，加了ing，不要忘了be。? 二．动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下：? 1）一般情况下直接加ing????think---thinking?????sleep---sleeping? ???????????????????????????study---studying???speak---speaking? ???????????????????????????carry---carrying?????say---saying 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake---waking????make---making????come---coming? take---taking??????leave---leaving????have---having? 3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅音，元音（aeiou），辅音”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing?。 这类词有：shop，begin， cut,put,get,hit,run,set,sit,spit,stop,swim,beg,drop,fit,nod,dig,forget,regret,rid,?等。? (visit?不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing?，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。 4）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y?，再加ing 如：die---dying?????lie---lying? 一. 写出下列动词的现在分词形式 二. work___________?visit__________??play__________?study________dance_______have __________??travel_________take__________ drop__________?sing__________?shop________swim_________lie__________
( 原形→过去式→过去分词)
常见动词用法辨析 (1)“Why not+动词原形+…?”(干嘛不……?)是简略句,完全形式是：Why don’t you+ 动词原形+…?如：Why not go and have a look?(干嘛不去看看？)/ Why not try it once again?(为什么不再试试？) (2) seem(好象)的用法：记住几个结构：①sb./sth. + seem + (to be+)形容词+…； ②sb./sth. + seem + like +…；③sb/sth + seem + to (do)；④It seems that + 从句。如：He seemed (to be) very happy when he was called by the headmaster. (被校长叫到名字时他好象很开心) / It seems that nobody else could do such a foolish thing except Jim. (除了吉姆好象没有什么人会做出如此愚蠢的事情 来) (3)be afraid(害怕)的用法：记住几个结构：①be afraid of sth; be afraid of (doing); ②be afraid to (do); ③be afraid that+从句。如：She is a little afraid of snakes.(她有点怕蛇)/ Don’t be so afraid to stay at home alone at night.(别害怕晚上一个人在家)/ I’m afraid that somebody will take his place because of his serious mistakes.(恐怕有人要取代他了,因为他犯了那么大的错误) (4) be sorry(抱歉)的用法：记住几个结构：①be sorry for (sth); ②be sorry for (doing sth); ③be sorry to (do); ④be sorry that+从句。如：I am very sorry for keeping you waiting so long.(不好意思让你久等了)I am sorry to trouble you.(对不起,麻烦你了)/ I am sorry (that) he isn’t here at the moment.(恐怕他现在不在) (5)be sure (确信)的用法：记住几个结构：①be sure of (sth); ②be sure to(do); ③be sure that+从句。如：She told me many times that she was sure to come.(她 给我讲过多次她一定会来的) / Are you sure of your answer?Maybe it’s wrong.(你对你的答案有把握吗？也许是错的。)/ I am sure that Dad will help me with the job.(我确信爸爸会帮着我做这件事情的) (6) make与do的用法：一般情况下表示进行活动或者做工作用do,表示创造建构某事 物用make.如：I don’t know what to do.(我不知道该干什么)/ I’m not going to do any work.(我不准备做什么)/ My father and I once made a boat.(我和我爸曾经做过一只船) 此外还要记住一些固定说法：do good / harm / business / one’s best / a favour……
学习必备 欢迎下载 例一：一般现在时（Simple Present ） 我们知道，一般现在时有以下几种常见的用法： 1）表示现在经常性的动作； 2）表示现在的情况或状态； 3）表示不受时限的客观事实或真理（实际上这些客观真理或事实都是人们以“现在”（Now ）的观点或标准来做出评判的，它们仍然是人们在“现在”这个时间段里所理解、所认识的客观世界）。 这三种用法有一个共同点，即：它们的时间不涉及到过去（Past ）和将来（Future ），动作也不与进行体（Progressive Aspect ）或完成体 Perfective Aspect ）相关，只表示现在（Now ）。那么在时间轴上如 2可以看出一般现在时是以“现在”（Now ）的时间为基点的，我们 （Present Progressive Aspect ） 状态。现在进行时的基点时间仍为“现在”（now ），但它与一般现在时的动作不同：它的动作特点是进行性或持续性，我们用稍长的单实线表示 ：1) I am writing a composition. 2) My brother is playing soccer.
例二：一般将来时（Simple Future Tense） 下面我们再看一般将来时：它表示将要或计划要发生的事，它的基点时间也是“现在”（时间轴上的“Now”点），但它的动作实际发生的时间应该是“将来”（时间轴上的“Future”点）。由于它的动作相对于“现在”来说，还没有发生，在时间轴上我们就用虚线箭头来表示，如图： 1) He will go to Beijing next week. 2) I am going to be a teacher (when I grow up). 例四：现在完成时（Present Perfective Aspect） ,一般来说它有三种用法： 1) 表示一个已经发生但对现在情况有影响的动作； e.g. He has gone to town. (说明他现在不在这儿) 2) 表示从过去某时（ago）到现在（now）这段时间发生的事； e.g. We have learned 800 words this term. 3) 表示一个由过去某时（ago）持续到现在（now）的动作状态。 e.g. I have lived here for four years. 无论哪种用法，其基点时间都是“现在”（now），而且动作特点为阶段性、持续性。在时间轴上我们用实弧线箭头表示，而且该弧线有起点（ago）和终点（now），可以理解为它是一条表示时间的实线段。如图： 同时，用实线段表示完成时，更有利于理解：为什么在表示某一动作的持续性时，我们不用非延续性动词（即短暂性动词），而用相应的延续性动词？因为完成体的动作特点为阶段性、持续性，它所体现的时间只能用段时间（从Ago到Now）来表示，而不能用点时间（Ago或Now）来表示。 如：come / go — be, borrow / lend — keep等。 1) Tom has come here for three days. 应改为：Tom has been here for three days. 2) I have borrowed the book for three months. 应改为：I have kept the book for three months. 以上四种为基本的现在时态。为了便于从总体上来比较、理解这四种现在时态，我们把这四种时态所在的时间轴放在一起，如下图： 综合上述四条时间轴，不难看出这四种时态的共同点：现在时态的基点时间都是“现在”（Now），它们的动作都与现在时间有关，这一点刚好与前面所提到过的“两时”中的“现在时”相吻合。