大学英语学习指导
第三册
Unit One Friendship
Test A. What Is Friendship?
文化链接
1．米歇尔〃Ｅ〃多伊尔：美国爱荷华州瓦特堡学院负责非正式及社区教育专业招生的副主任，讲师。她公开发表的作品还包括与马克.K史密斯共同完成的《土生土长》（1999）。
2．马克.K史密斯：伦敦乔治威廉姆斯学院教师，英国格拉斯哥斯特拉斯克莱德大学社区教育专业做客教授。他专门研究非正式教育及终生教育，并与米歇尔．Ｅ多伊尔共同撰写过多部作品。
3.亚里士多德(公元前384年至公元前322年)：柏拉图的学生．古希腊著名哲学家。他一生中撰写了大量关于逻辑学,自然科学，伦理学，政治学及修辞学等方便的书籍。其作品包括：《物理学》，《论灵魂》，《后分析篇》，《动物志》，《政治学》，《修辞学》，《诗学》等。亚里士多德被认为是欧洲最伟大的思想家之一，他的作品至今仍然被广泛引用。
4．西塞罗（公元前106年—公元前43年）：古罗马政治家,伟大的演说家。在当时的许多重要政治事件中，他都是一个重要人物，而今他更多地是以自己的哲学及修辞学方面的著作为世人所铭记。其作品包括：《论法律》,《论命运》,《论友谊》,《论义务》等。
词汇与短语
1. notion: n. an idea, belief or concept
*Our management system is based on the notions of personal equality and liberty. 我们的管理体系是基于人的平等、自由观念而建立的。
(=She has no notion of the difficulty of this problem.)
CF. idea, concept & notion
这些名词均有“思想”、“观点”、观念”之意。
idea最普通，几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。
concept指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物本质、全貌及其内部联系的比较系统的概念或看法。
notion指的是一种模糊的、变化莫测的想法，无可靠的基础，是未经深思熟虑的、甚至让人觉得荒谬的观点。
2. criterion: n.standard by which sth. is judged
*The company’s criterion for success is high sales.
对一些出版商而言，评判一本书是否畅销的标准是长度而非内容。
(=To some publishers, the criterion of a book which will sell well is length rather than content.)
CF. standard & criterion
这两个名词均含“标准”之意。
standard指公认为决定事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则。例如：
*All restaurants in the town with a low standard of hygiene have been forced
to close.城里所有卫生水准低的餐馆都被迫关门了。
criterion较正式用词，指判断、批评事物的标准，但不一定制成了规章。例如：
*What are the criteria for deciding who gets the prize? 评定获奖者以什么作标准？
3. appropriate: adj. correct or suitable for a particular situation
or occasion
*Suits are always appropriate for a job interview.
(= The formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion.)
4. thin: adj.not having the necessary qualities to gain the intended
result
*His thin attempt surely resulted in nothing.
书评家认为她最近写的那部小说没什么意思。
(=The critics found her latest novel rather thin.)
5. classical: adj. based on or belonging to an old or established
system of
principles or methods, e.g. in art or science
*Dressed in ballet skirt, she danced with a classical elegance.
他将前往中国去研究中国古典诗歌。
(=He is going to China to study Chinese classical poetry.)
6. distinguish between: recognize differences between
*The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish between them. 不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。
(=People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be
color-blind.)
7. utility: n. the quality or condition of being useful; usefulness
*Farm animals have economic value because of their utility.
祖母总是怀疑洗碟机的实用价值。
(=Grandma has always doubted the utility value of a dishwasher.)
8. ground: n.reason(s) or justification for saying, doing or believing
sth.
*She can’t accept his ground for divorce.
(=He has been fired from the job on the grounds of incompetence.) Patterns:
a gound/grounds for… ……的理由
on t he grounds of…基于……的原因
on the grounds that…因为……
9. break up: to come or bring to an end, especially by separating
*Their marriage eventually broke up due to lack of communication. 警察及时赶到酒吧结束了这场打斗。
(=Police arrived at the bar in time and broke up the fight.)
10. pursue: vt.try to achieve sth.; continue steadily with; carry
on
*She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.
她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。
老板决定不再追查那事。
(=Our boss has decided not to pursue the matter any further.)
Collocations:
pursue sb.追求某人
pursue a vocation从事一份职业
pursue a hobby从事一项爱好
pursue a goal追求一个目标
11. take pleasure in (doing) sth.: to enjoy (doing) sth.
*The audience took pleasure in watching the graceful skat ers’ dancing.
老人很享受回忆往事。
(=The old man takes pleasure in remembering the past.)
12. in so far as: to the degree that
*They moved to the downtown area in so far as they could spend less time
on the way to work.
为了能有所发现，他仍然坚持在这一领域的研究。
(=He still continued his research in this field in so far as he could make
some discoveries.)
13. regulate: vt.to control, especially by rules; bring order or
method to
*Sweating can help to regulate the body’s temperature.
出汗有助于调节体温。
长寿的人通常饮食习惯有规律。
(=Those who enjoy a long life usually regulate their eating habits.) (=Wages and working hours are regulated by a series of laws.) Collocations:
regulate the traffic管理交通
regulate expenditure控制费用
regulate the speed调整速度
regulate a clock 校对时钟
regulate food supplies调节食物供应
14. as to: on the subject of; concerning
*We are puzzled as to how the accident happened.
关于事故是如何发生的我们很迷惑。
在记者招待会上他拒绝就此事发表任何评论。
(=He refused to make any comments as to this event at the press conference.)
(=He is very uncertain as to whether it's the right job for him.)
15. equity: n. the state, quality, or ideal of being just, impartial,
and fair
*The judgment aroused people’s anger for its lack of equit y.
大家都同意裁判员的公正裁判。
(=The equity of the referee's decision was accepted by everyone.)
16. liberality: n. the quality or state of being liberal or generous.
*Liberality contributes to the success of leadership.
一个慷慨的人会处处受人欢迎。
(= A man of liberality will be welcome everywhere.)
17. greed: n.an excessive desire to acquire or possess more than what
one
needs or deserves, especially with respect to material wealth
(=The large company’s greed to swallow up its smaller competitors is
apparent.)
我们被他们渴求知识的眼神深深触动了。
(= We were deeply touched by the greed for knowledge in their eyes.)
18. conviction: n. a fixed or strong belief.
*It's my conviction that complacency is at the root of our troubles.
我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源。
(=Do you always act in accordance with your convictions?)
CF. belief, faith & conviction
这些名词都有“相信”、“信任”之意。
belief较为普通，指单纯从主观上的相信，不涉及这种相信是否有根据。例
如：
*I find his behavior irresponsible beyond belief. 我发觉他的所作所
为不负责任到了简直令人难以臵信的地步。
faith语气较强，强调完全相信，有时也指仅凭感觉产生的相信。例如：
*I haven't much faith in this medicine.我对这种药没有多大信心。
conviction多指根据长期交往或实践，对某人某事有了认识和了解后产生的
信心和相信，强调其坚定性。例如：
*She'd made such promises before, and they lacked conviction.她以
前也作过这样的许诺, 但都不足信。
19. possess: vt.to have as one’s property, as a quality, etc.
*They possess property all over the world.他们在世界各地均拥有财产。
他有做好这项工作必备的耐性和应变能力吗?
(=Does he possess the necessary patience and tact to do the job well?)
(=The family possessed documents that proved their right to
ownership.)
CF: hold, own, possess & keep
这些动词均有“有”、“具有”、“持有”之意。
hold指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等，暗示不让别人拿走或占有。
own不及possess正式多指所属关系，强调所有权，不管所属物是否在手中。
possess较正式，指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配，强调其归属；也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。
keep指长时间地保有、保存某物，防止别人占去，强调安全和感情上的依附。
20. preserve: vt.to prevent (someone or sth.) from being harmed or
destroyed
*Mother always tries to preserve family harmony.
母亲总是在努力维持家庭和睦。
*More and more teenagers fail to preserve their eyesight and wear glasses.
(=She managed despite everything to preserve her sense of humor.)
21. commitment: n. a responsibility or promise to follow certain
beliefs or a
certain course of action
*Many young people remain single for lack of commitment to family and marriage.
我们只给忠诚而勇于承担的人丰厚的报酬。
(=We only pay those well who have loyalty and full commitment.)
22. bind: vt. to tie together or unite
*She bound her hair up with ribbon.
这些老人因为对太极拳的共同爱好而结合到了一起。
(=These old people were bound by a common interest in shadowboxing.)
CF: fasten, tie, bind & chain
这些动词都有“扎牢”、“捆”、“绑”之意。
fasten指把某物牢牢地拴在、钉在或锁在另一物上，使不能任意移动。
tie普通用词，指用绳索等将东西扎紧捆牢。
bind多指把两个或两个以上的人或物牢牢地系或扎在一起。
chain专指用链条或金属环将某人或某物锁住或系住。
23. permanent: https://www.doczj.com/doc/1e2205759.html,sting or intended to last for a long time or
forever
(=People always yearn for something permanent, enduring, without shadow of change.)
他受伤后就一直瘸了。
(=The injury left him with a permanent limp.)
Collocations:
permanent address固定地址
permanent employment 固定工作
permanent committee常设委员会
permanent force常备军
24. unite: v. to make or form a single complete whole; to join
*Christmas is the only chance to unite my big family.
她觉得将想象力与常识联系起来有点困难。
(=She has difficulty uniting common sense with vision.)
(=We should unite in fighting poverty and disease.)
CF: join, combine, unite & connect
这些动词均有“连接”、“结合”、“联合”之意。
join强调把原来不相连接的物紧密地连接在一起，但仍可再分开。也指把分散的人或几个部分的人联合起来，或加入到某团体中去。
combine 指两个或两个以上的人或物结合在一起。
unite指联合、团结、结合在一起，构成一个整体。
connect指两事物在某一点上相连接，但彼此又保持独立。
25. attribute: n. a part of someone’s character, esp. a part thought
to be good
*One attribute of a good manager is that he listens very carefully to other people.好的管理者所具备的一个特点就是耐心倾听。
(= Hope is one of mankind’s most enduring and rewarding attributes.)
26. Useful Expressions
1.社会公认的socially acknowledged
2.在一种情况下in one setting
3.肤浅的理解 a thin understanding
4.区分distinguish between
5.解散break up
6.追逐个人利益pursue one’s own advantage
7.喜欢做某事take pleasure in (doing) sth.
8.到……程度in so far as
9.建立在……基础上be grounded on…
10.受感情支配be regulated by one’s feelings
11.眼前的重要机会opportunity of the moment
12.在……相似be similar in…
13.常言道as the saying goes
14.值得爱be worthy of love
15.摆脱贪婪be free from greed
16.物质利益material benefits
17.相伴为乐enjoy each other’s company
18.同样忠诚于share a commitment
19.高尚品德moral excellence
20.达成共识 develop a shared idea
难句分析
1. When we approach the notion of friendship, our first problem is that
there is
a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend.
(1) What are “socially acknowledged criteria”?
(=“Socially acknowledged criteria” are established standards that are accepted by all the people in the society.)
(2) Translate this sentence.
(我们探讨友谊这个概念时，遇到的第一个问题是，没有社会公认的择友标准。)
2. In one setting, we may describe someone as a friend; in another, the
label may seem less appropriate.
What does this sentence imply?
(=The criteria for friendship vary from setting to setting.)
3. They take pleasure in each other’s company only in so far as they have
hopes of advantage from it.
(1) Do they enjoy being together purely because they like each other? (= No, they are together just because they expect to benefit from their relationship.)
(2) Translate this sentence.
(只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候，才会乐于呆在一起。)
4. Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure,
because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings, and their chief interests are in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment.
(1) What do young people care most when making friends?
(=They care most about their own feelings, their own pleasure and whether there is an important opportunity at the present time.)
(2) Translate this sentence.
(年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的，因为年轻人的生
活受感情支配，他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会。)
5. That is why they fall in and out of friendship quickly, changing their
attitude often, even within the same day.
What can we infer from this sentence?
(=Young people’s friendship is temporary, because the attitude they hold to friendship is always changing.)
6. Only the friendship of those who are good, and similar in their
goodness, is
perfect.
(1) What does this sentence imply?
(=Perfect friendship exists only between people who are equally
good.)
(2) Translate this sentence.
(=只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间的友谊才是完美的。)
7. It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found
and in the highest form.
Paraphrase this sentence.
(=Love and friendship are mainly found between good people and the love and friendship are of the best quality.)
8. And no two persons can accept each other and become friends until each
has proved to the other that he is worthy of love, and so won his trust.
(1) How can two persons become real friends?
(=Only when each has proved that he deserves the love of the other and thus has won the other’s trust.)
(2) Translate this sentence.
(只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并赢得对方的信任之后，彼此方能接
受对方为朋友。)
9. He further defines “the good” as “those whose actions and lives leave no question as to their honor, purity, equity, and liberality; who are free from greed, lust, and violence; and who have the courage of their convictions.”
(1) What does the expression “have the courage of their convictions”
mean?
(= It means “be brave enough to say and act on what they think is right even though other people may not agree or approve.”)
(2) Translate this sentence.
(他进而将“好人”定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、
公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。”)
10. …and they must share a commitment to the good.
Paraphrase this sentence.
(…and they both must devote themselves to pursuing what is morally right
or worthy of praise.)
Test B After Twenty Years
文化链接
欧?亨利(1862-1910)：美国著名短篇小说家。欧?亨利是其笔名，其原名为威廉?悉尼?波特。在其短暂的写作生涯（1899-1910）中，欧?亨利一共出版了大约300篇短篇小说和一部长篇小说，他的作品以幽默的方式展现劳动人民的日常生活，结局常常出乎人意料。他的许多短篇小说都为世人所熟知，如《麦琪的礼物》、《最后一片叶子》、《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》等等。
词汇与短语
1. avenue n. 林荫道，大街
Fifth Avenue is a good place for shopping .
(纽约市)第五街是逛街的好去处。
2. impressive a.给人印象深刻的
His collection of paintings is most impressive .
他的绘画收藏给人留下深刻印象。
3.keen a .1.热心的,渴望的(同eager) 2.敏锐的，敏捷的(同acute)
3.激烈的，强烈的(同strong)
4.锋利的(同sharp)
He has a keen interest in stamp collecting.他对集邮非常感兴趣。
4.dine vi .进餐
The manager’s going to dine with us tonight.
今晚经理要和我们一起吃饭。
5. figure n.1数字，数量2人物，名人3(pl.)算术，计算4体型，风姿5轮廓，隐约可见的情人6画像，肖像，塑像7（插）图，图形
vi.1（引人注目的）出现2有道理，合乎情理 Vt.计算2认为，猜想His annual income runs into seven figures.
他的年收入多达7位数。
6.correspond vi.1相符合，成一致2相当，相类似3通信
The U.S. Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.
美国国会相当于英国议会。
7. grasp vt./n. 1抓紧，抓牢(同seize) 2理解，领会(同comprehend)
※He grasped me by the arm and dragged me to the window.
他抓住我的胳膊把我拖到窗边。
8. brilliant a.1光辉的，灿烂的2卓越的，杰出的
Brilliant color can give people the feeling of pleasure 鲜明的颜色能给人以愉悦感。
9.glare vi.1(at)怒目而视2发射强光，发出刺眼的光线
n.1强光2怒视，瞪眼3炫耀，张扬
The old gentleman just stood there glaring at the pickpocket and did not say a word.
这位老先生只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而视，一个字也没有说。
10.simultaneous a .同时发生的，同时存在的，同步的
There was a flash of lighting and a simultaneous crash of thunder. 一道闪电出现，同时响起了雷声。
11.arrest vt.1逮捕，拘留，扣留(同capture)
2停止，组织 3吸引(同attract)
n.逮捕，拘留，扣留
When she was arrested，the detective found out that the shop-assistant was her daughter.
12.sensible a.明智的，合情理的(同wise)
Her words made people believe that she was a
sensible woman.她的话让大家相信她是个通情达理的女人。
13.appoint vt.1任命，委派(同designate)
2约定，确定，指定（时间、地点）
The Students Union was appointed at the beginning of the semester.
学生会是在学期开始时任命的。
14.cast an/one’s eye(s) over匆匆看（或浏览）
Members of the government cast an evil eye on Mr. Wilson when he voted against the government’s plan.
15. tear down拆毁
※These old buildings are being torn down to make way for a new road. 这些老房子正在被拆毁，以便修新道路。
16.make a/one’s fortune赚大钱
They made a fortune out of smugat at the beginning of the semester. 学生会是在学期开始时任命的。
17.lose track of失去…的线索，不了解…的动态(反keep tract of)
I’ve lost tract of her after she got married. I don’t know how she’s getting along.
自从她结婚之后，我们就失去了联系。我不知道她现在过得怎么样。
18.turn up1出现，露面 2开大，调大
Several old friends turned up at the reunion.
好几个老朋友出现在聚会上。
19.check(up)on检查
The police checked up on some drivers to make sure
they are not drunk driving.
警察对一些司机进行检查，确保他
20.as sure as fate千真万确的
Charlie is a football fan；he will not miss the match,
as sure as fate.
查理士个铁杆足球迷，他肯定是不会错过这场比赛的。
21.all of a sudden突然(同suddenly)
The crowd disperses all of a sudden and I don’t
know what’s up.
人群突然散开，我不知道发生了什么事情。
难句分析
1．In the doorway of a darkened hardware store stood a man, with an unlighted cigar in his mouth.(Lines7-8)
译文在一家光线昏暗的五金店门口站着一个人，嘴里叼着根没有点燃的雪茄烟。
2．Well, well agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter
what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.(Lines 28-32)
译文哦，我们那天晚上约定，二十年后的今日此刻，不管各自情形如何，相隔多远，我们都要在此会面。
3．We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.(Lines 32-34)
译文我们当时预计，二十年后，不管各自命运如何，发没发才，一切都该成定局了。
4．The man who had come a thousand miles to keep the appointment with the friend of his youth still stood in the doorway of the hardware store, smoking his cigar.
译文那个不远千里赶来旅行与少时好友的约定的人，还站在五金店门口，抽着雪茄。
5．His hand was steady when he began to read, but it trembled a little by the time he had finished（Lines101-102）译文他开始着的时候手拿得稳，可读完时，手却微微地颤抖了起来。
练习答案与详解
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action :
1．1） bound 2) appropriate 3) possessing 4) permanent
5) appointed 6) parted 7) had corresponded 8) gazed
9) notion 10) keen 11) preserve 12) grasped
13) figured 14) grounded 15) sensible 16) attribute
17) united 18) pursue 19) commitments 20) regulating 2．1）distinguish between 2) checked up on
3) torn down 4) make a fortune
5） all of a sudden 6) lost track of
7) Casting an eye over 8） broke up
9） take pleasure in 10) described as
11) turned up 12) in so far as
13) is under arrest 14) pass on
15) as to
Increasing Your Word Power
1 3） approval 4） betrayal 5) burial 6) dismissal
7) disposal 8) proposal 9) refusal 10) removal
11) survival 12) withdrawal
2．1）refusal 2) arrivals 3) removal 4) dismissal
5) survival 6) proposal 7) disposal 8) approval
3．1) e 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) d
Grammar Review
1．
1) whichever tent you are not using now .
2) whoever comes/come first.
3)whichever/whatever condition our captain thought was the best.
4) wherever/No matter where I go.
5) Whatever wishes their child/children expresses/express
6) however disappointed/No matter how disappointed you may feel about the
surroundings/environment/situation
7) Whoever breaks it.
8) Whenever he concentrates on a problem.
2.
1）It is not luck but har d work that led him to today’s success.
2) Prof. Moen argues that it is energy that makes the world go round.
3) It was not until he had proved he was honest that he world go round.
4) It was clearly the headmaster himself who/that opened the door for me.
5) none
Cloze
1)Classical 2) notion 3)utility 4)ground
5) Occurs 6) goodness 7) as to 8) possesses
9) preserve 10) bound 11) mirror 12) virtuous
13) commitment 14) moral excellence
Translation
1.
1) The friendship grounded on common interest does not break up easily.
2) It’s necessary for children to learn to distinguish between violence and bravery in computer games.
3) It is not sensible to expect a to be well acquainted
with everything, since so many new things are springing up every day in the world.
4) Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that’s why we have the so-called” court of morality”.
5) Today’s culture is described as” fast-food culture”. whatever they are doing, people just pursue the greatest satisfaction within the shortest time.
6) As the saying goes, there is no free lunch in this world. You need to earn whatever you want.
2.
It is widely acknowledged that humans are social animals. As we are bonded together in a community, it’s quite natural for us to have friends, people may have different notions as to what friendship is. Some people make friends for mutual utility. Such friendship will break up once its ground vanishes. More people, however, long for “soul pals” —friends who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships enable us to keep away from greed and violence and encourage us to have the courage of our convictions. This kind of friendship is what we call “true and perfect friendship”.
Unit 2 LOVE
Text A How Deep is Your Love ?
文化链接
1.本文节选在美国在线杂志《作家月刊》。
2.曼茜.巴蒂亚（1978-）：出生于印度，是美国依阿华大学新闻与大众传播学院研究生助理，作为自由撰稿人及专职作家，她曾为许多家杂志，报纸及在线媒体撰稿。现在，她主要负责为自己所在学院各系部撰写新闻稿。
词汇与短语
1. hold on: continue in spite of difficulties
*Despite all the hardships, he held on to his pursuit of further study abroad.
在经济衰退时期我们要把业务坚持下去。
(=We should hold on to our business during the recession.)
2. defy: vt.
(1) to make impossible or unsuccessful
*This problem defied solution. 此问题无法解决。
那个恐怖的场景难以描述。
(=That horrible scene defied any description.)
(2) to refuse to obey
(=They defied their parents and got married.)
这些无视法律的罪犯终于得到了惩罚。
(=These criminals who had defied the law were eventually punished.) Collocations:
defy the authority 反抗权威
defy the government 蔑视政府
defy severe cold 不畏严寒
defy enumeration 不胜枚举
defy laws human and divine 无法无天
CF. oppose, defy & resist
这些动词均含有“反抗”、“抵抗”之意。
oppose 普通用词，可表不同程度的抵抗。
defy 指公开地、勇敢地反对或抵抗，有时含公然挑衅之意。
resist 指积极地反抗一种攻击、暴力或诱惑。
3. overwhelming: adj. overpowering in effect or strength
*The girl screamed with overwhelming joy at the sight of her birthday present, a pink dress.
巨大的压力终于让他精神崩溃了。
(=He eventually got a nervous breakdown under the overwhelming pressure.)
4. given: prep. taking sth. into account
考虑到公司上半年业绩不佳，我们决定暂缓这次投资。
(=Given the company’s poor achievement in the first half of the year, we
decided that the investment be left aside.)
(=Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right
career for her.)
5. indulge: vi.. [often used with in] to allow oneself to have or do
sth. that one enjoys, esp. sth. that is considered
rather bad or harmful
*Forget about dieting today and just indulge in the food.
我们应该给孩子们提供更多引导，以免他们沉迷于电脑游戏。
(=We should give the children more guidance, in case they indulge in PC games.)
CF. spoil & indulge
这两个动词均含“纵容”、“迁就”之意。
spoil 纵容，易造成性情的扭曲。例如：
*Don’t spoil the child by giving him whatever he asks for. 不要对孩子有求必应，这样会惯坏他。
indulge 指迁就或放任某人应该节制的欲望要求或感情。例如：
*She always indulges in idle daydreams. 她总是沉溺于徒劳的白日梦中。
6. interact: vi. (of people) to act together or co-operatively, esp.
so as to
communicate with each other
*Parties are a chance for people to interact with each other.
好的课堂氛围应该是学生和教师能有足够的互动。
(=Teachers should interact with students frequently to ensure a good class atmosphere.)
7. await: vt. to wait for
我们仍在等候指示。
(=We are still awaiting instructions.)
(=A warm welcome awaits all our customers.)
8. groom: vt. to take care of the appearance of (oneself) by dressing
neatly,
keeping the hair tidy, etc.
小女孩正在镜子前仔细地打扮自己。
(=The little girl is grooming herself carefully in front of the mirror.)
*A flight attendant should always be perfectly groomed. 空中服务员应
该总是浑身上下干净利落.
9. build on: to base on
*Our company’s future develop ment is built on recent success. 我们公司未
来的发展是以近来的成功为基础的。
好的婚姻应该建立在相互理解的基础上。
(= A good marriage should be built on mutual understanding.)
10. blossom: vi. to produce flowers
*The cherry trees blossomed early this year
(=She has blossomed out into a beautiful young woman.)
11. affection: n. fondness; gentle lasting love, like that of a parent
for a child
*The old priest was held in great affection.
(=The principal had a fatherly affection for the youngsters.)
老人很疼爱他的孙女。
(=The old man felt great affection for his granddaughter.)
CF. affection, love & attachment
这些名词均含“爱”、“热爱”之意。
affection 指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情，强调感情的深沉。
love比affection的语气更强。表示一种难以控制的激情。
attachment 通常用于书面文字中，既可指对某人某物的喜欢，又可指出自理智对某人或某物的热爱，尤指长时间的爱。
12. flesh: n. the body as opposed to the mind or soul
*The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足。
(= Life is not the pursuit of flesh pleasures.)
Collocations:
flesh-eating 食肉的
flesh and blood 血肉之躯
in the flesh 活生生的，本人
make one’s flesh creep 心惊肉跳
13. constraint:n. sth. that limits one’s freedom of action
*All constraint vanished between the two girls soon, and they began to talk freely.
(=We should not ignore the moral constraints in our pursuit of
success.)
14. restraint: n. the act of restraining or the condition of being
restrained
*The police officer showed great restraint whatever the young man said to him.
(=I dream of living a free life, away from the restraints of urban existence.)
随着孩子们渐渐长大，他们开始反抗父母的管束。
(=As they grow older, kids begin to rebel against the restraints imposed by their parents.)
15. haste: n. quickness of movement, hurry
*Why all the haste? 为什么这么匆忙?
(=Marry in haste, repent at leisure.)
欲速则不达。
(=More haste, less speed.)
CF. haste, speed & hurry
这些名词均含“迅速”、“急速”之意。
haste 中性词，用作褒义指动作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作贬义用时，指做事急躁，行为鲁莽，得不到预期的结果。
speed 多用于褒义，指行动敏捷，效果好。
hurry 指急速从事某项活动或匆忙对付一件事情，含明显慌乱的意思。
16. compatible: adj. able to exist, live, or be used together or with
(another
thing)
*Compatible family relations make a child more tolerant.
Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start 新的开端 1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。 2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。 4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。 7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。于是我去了食堂。 8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我把自己看得太重了。
懦夫总有疯狂的一天。 Unit One Changes in the Way We Live Text A Content Questions ( P10 ) Write and live on a farm. Because they grow nearly all of their fruits and vegetables. They have enough eggs, honey and wood. They are very close to nature and can enjoy the beautiful scenery. Besides, they can go skiing and skating in winter. No. Sometimes the good life can get pretty tough. They were buried under five feet of snow from December through March. When the first spring came, it brought two floods. The second flood refers to the good harvest in the growing season. He decided to quit his job and start to freelance. He has to crawl into black bear dens for “Sports Illustrated”, hitch up dogsled racing teams for “Smithsonian”magazine, check out the Lake Champlain “monster”for “Science Digest”, and canoe through the Boundary Waters Wilderness area of Minnesota for “Destinations”. As for insurance, they have only bought a poor man’s major-medical policy and the policy on their two cars. They cut back their expenses without appreciably lowering their standard of living. For example, they patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive
Unit One People Around Us Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆ Working with Words and Expressions 1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) crease 2) hint 3) assured 4) awaiting 5) hovering 6) scrawled 7) glistening 8) frail 9) sole 10) visible 11) engaged 12) biased 13) dreading 14) grinning 2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) for fear of 2) pulled up 3) except for 4) get by 5) make a living 6) every so often 7) in the background 8) Shut off 9) each and every 10) as it is 11) wraps … around her little finger 12) caught us …unawares ▆Increasing Y our Word Power 1.Choose the definition from Column B that best matches each phrasal verb in Column A, paying attention to the V+ Prep./Ad. collocation.
1. Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. (attention) Correct answer inattention 2. (qualify) Correct answer qualified Correct answer Navigation 4. Correct answer participants 5. Correct answer unconscious 6. Correct answer competence 7. Correct answer inequalities 8. morning. (request) Correct answer
requested 9. Correct answer varied 10. Correct answer partners 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 11. Correct answer in 12. Correct answer of 13. Correct answer to 14. accident. Correct answer at 15. Correct answer beyond 16.
Your answer Correct answer from from 17. Your answer Correct answer to to 18. Your answer Correct answer on on 19. Your answer Correct answer in in Your answer Correct answer On On 3. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the best answer from the choices given. 21. The buses, ___________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of which B. both of which C. few of them D. those of which 22. There's only one man ____________ the job. A. qualified for
大学英语综合教程3第三版答案
大学英语综合教程3第三版答案 【篇一：新标准大学英语综合教程3答案(全版)】 >unit1 active reading(1) 4. b c c d c a 5.productive attendance resistance ambitious acceptance script impressive 6.attendance ambitious productive impressive resistance script acceptance 7.mortgage deck surf coastal;defy lengthy 8.b a b b b a b b active reading(2) 4.triple cemetery rear biography cram budding finite elapse 5.elapsed;cemetery rear;crammed triple budding;biography finite 6.a b a a b b a a 7.a b b a a b b b a language in use 6.(1)我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午5点以后，图书馆就空无
一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。 （2）明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下滴答滴答地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它就会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”“本应该做”“本来会做”的事情。 7.(1)students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university .some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to think much about the future , because future is full of uncertainties. （2）after a very careful check-up ,the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease .although he knew that his life was ticking away ,instead of complaining about the fate ,the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days ,and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated ,and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule. unit2 active reading 5.definite perpetual whirl blaze giggle prompt tumble 6.prompted definite whirl perpetual blazing giggling tumbled 7.blinked barren tag torture resemblance napkin
U5 1.培养正确的感情是极其必要的，因为它可以为一个人将来学习和工作的成功奠定基础。 Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that it lays the foundations for the success of one’s future work and studies. 2.中国西部发展急需人才，政府为此制定了优惠政策，号召更多大学毕业生去西部工作。West China is crying out for talented people for its development .To this end，the government has laid down favorable policies，calling for more college graduates to go and work there. 3.你怎么可以在我这样艰难的时候对我置之不理呢？我们患难与共差不多半个世纪了。How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century. 4.网虫们很多时间都泡在网上，以至于他们无法分辨虚拟世界与现实世界。 Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world. 5.生活在城市的人常常会有这样的幻想：乡村生活是闲适安逸的。其实不一定是这回事儿。Urban residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case. 6.远程学习是个全球化的趋势。随着它的迅速发展，人们无论身处何地都能有同样方便的途径享受教育资源。 Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth，people are given an equally convenient access to educational resources，no matter where they are. U6 1.我们中国人会再三地请客人多吃饭桌上的菜，以表明我们好客。 As a proof of our hospitality，we Chinese will repeatedly ask our guests to help themselves to
Unit 1 Personal Relationship In-Class Reading The Gift of Life 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，双腿被炸伤了。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。医疗小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要匹配的血型。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适。而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有匹配的血型。 5 医生会讲一点越南语，护士会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。然后他们问孩子们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴还是摇了摇头。 13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 医疗小组此时非常担忧，因为针不会使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。一定是哪里出了问题。恰好这时，一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地问他原因。听了小男孩的回答后，又立即作了回答。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音亲切柔和。 15 一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用质疑的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，小男孩的脸上马上露出了宽慰的神色。 16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说: “他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们。以为你们要他献出所有的血，小女孩才能活下来。” 17 “那他为什么还愿意这么做呢?”海军护士问。 18 越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道: “她是我的朋友。” 19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。
大学体验英语-综合教程3 Unit1 Passage A Care for Our Mother Earth Read and think 3 1~5 BBCAD Read and complete 6 1.strategies 2.specific 3.consumers 4.released 5.trapped 6.consequence 7.was isolated 8.priority 9.convenience 10.elements Read and complete 7 1.transform 2.all the way 3.sit back 4.resulting from 5.share…with 6. Read and translate 8 1.How did the war, which brought terrible disasters to mankind, impact on such a poet? 2.Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their beloved children, which will cause the children to make the same mistakes again. 3.As a new immigrant in this completely strange country, she always felt isolated. 4.Acting before thinking often results in failure, so we should think before we leap. 5.The time for talking has passed, we must take a positive action to protect our environment. Passage B Frog Story Read and think 12 1~5 DACAB
1)What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker.(我不曾想到，随着时间的流逝，我果真以身为社工而感到自豪） 2)Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!”(奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼;天哪，我们要赶不上火车了！) 3)At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances?(我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走。请问；在这种情况下，年轻的父母是得对孩子严厉些，赶紧离开？） 4)In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. （昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣 的小女孩。） 5)When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6)Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 1)In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum. （无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。） 2)I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. （我 把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人） 3)We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease. （我们带父母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但是一切都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病) 4)Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one’s affection. 5)In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous. 6)Love needs to be nurtured, and the “eternal / everlasting love”that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other. 1)The gasoline price is now at an all-time high, which has brought about wide public concern. (当下汽油价格达到历史新高，这引发了公众的广泛关注） 2)He found that fish and rice feature the Japanese diet, and he then proceeded to write a report on Japanese cooking culture. （他发现鱼和米方是日本人的饮食特色，随即开始就日本饮食文化撰写一份报道） 3)The spectators expected me to come in first but they were in for a shock. With a tumble, my chances for a gold medal in figure skating evaporated. （观众们以为我会轻而昐举名列第一名，哪知我使他们大吃一惊。因为跌倒，我获得花样滑冰金牌的希望就化为了泡影） 4)He was a beggar but he didn’t look the part at all, because he was clean-shaven, wearing glasses and a brand-new suit.
Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before
UNIT 8 COPING WITH AN EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM I.I. Key words & phrases ability accumulate acquire adequate affect astonish compete complex decline faculty function handful humble idle ignorant jam luxury miracle portable scare slice suggestion swear upset better off break down compete with in amazement make a living by run out of search for sum up Additional Vocabulary scholarship 奖学金 this year’s graduate 应届毕业生 golden collar worker 金领工人 net capital 净资本 academic credit system 学分制 like water off duck’s back 把…当耳边风 netter 网虫 bullet train 子弹头列车 quality of population 人口素质 heuristic education 启发式教育 teach through lively activities 寓教于乐 emeritus professor 名誉教授 degrade oneself 掉（身价） stamp the card 打卡 WAP phone 上网手机 excessive consumption 提前消费 top student 高材生 inter-disciplinary talent 复合型人才 human capital 人力资本 intensive training class 强化班 alleviate burdens on students 减负 online love affair 网恋 magnet train 磁悬列车
全新版大学英语综合教程3 Unit One Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1) On balance 2) resist 3) haul 4) wicked 5) illustrated 6) budget 7) lowering 8) boundary 9) involved 10) economic 11) blasting 12) just about 2. 1) cut back/down 2) pick up 3) get by 4) get through 5) face up to 6) turn in 7) making up for 8) think up 3. 1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. 2) often generate misleading thoughts. 3) attach great importance to combing theory with practice in our work. 4) be suspected of doing everything for money. 5) before he gets through life. 4. 1) their indoor a profit to invest in
2) device the improvement on a global scale 3) stacked temptation never dined out Ⅱ 1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home family 4) household 2. 1) doubt 2) suspected 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect Ⅲ 1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 5) hows whys 6) upped 7) yellowed 8) bottled 9) lower 10) search Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ1. 1) gets by 2) temptation 3) get through 4) improvements 5) aside from 6) suspect 7) supplement 8) profit 9) stacking 2. 1) replaced 2) consider 3) quilt 4) world 5) tough 6) fuels 7) provide 8) luxuries 9) balance 10) ideal
新世纪大学英语综合教程3课后答案 Unit Five Health Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆ Working with Words and Expressions 1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1) familiarize 2) prejudice
3) appealing 4) aelerated 5) threats 6) monitor 7) isolate 8) guarantee 9) infected 10) ignorance 11) was …equipped 12) processed 13) sponsor
15) issued 16) contracted 2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1) take advantage of 2) by contrast 3) make room for 4) bring …to an end
全新版大学英语综合教程 第二版课后练习答案 This manuscript was revised on November 28, 2020
Unit1 Ways of Learning Vocabulary I 1. 1)insert 2)on occasion 3)investig ate 4)In retrospect 5)initial 6)phenomen a 7)attached 8)make up for 9)is awaiting 10)not; in the least 11)promote 12)emerged 2. 1)a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south. 2)is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. 3)as a financial center has evolved slowly. 4)is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 5)by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines. 3. 1)be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating 2)somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to 3)assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superior II 1)continual 2)continuous 3)continual 4)continuous 5)principal 6)principal 7)principle 8)principles 9)principal III herself by herself/on her own by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercises