大学英语新策略原文加翻译
第一单元
A career is the sum total of all of your work-related contributions to society in a lifetime. This includes time and effort spent to provide goods, services, or benefit to others. A career includes paid, un-paid, volunteer, part-time, and
full-time positions. Your career includes many life roles you may not think of: student, homemaker, babysitter, office worker, doctor, lawyer, etc. A career encompasses all the roles you play and duties you perform. You may have many jobs or positions that make up your career, but you only have one overall career. There are various career options in the modern world of work: Self-Employed, Organization Employed, or Project-Employed.
By definition, career development is the interaction of psychological, sociological, economic, physical and chance factors that shape the sequence of jobs, occupations, or positions a person may engage in throughout his or her lifetime. Career development is an ongoing process that includes the aspects of planning and strategizing your career based on information about your self, the world of work, the
match between them, and the action you will take to create your life’s work. Formal career development occurs in high schools, colleges and universities, adult education programs, business and industry, military, community and government agencies, trade and technical schools. Consider all the places you have developed your career with either academic or work experience. Where can you go next and what can you do to further develop your career?
You have the power to create what you want, whether you wish to be self-employed, change career fields entirely, hold a certain kind of position, or volunteer your time. Smart career development requires you to be self-reflective, resourceful, motivated, flexible, and able to keep your skills and competencies up-to-date.
Contemporary Career Concepts
Statistics say that we will experience many job transitions throughout our life. For example: the U.S. Department of Labor says that the average person will have 3.5 different careers in his lifetime and work for ten employers, keeping each job for 3.5 years.
From the 1995 National Association of Colleges and Employers Journal of Career Planning, ―The average American beginning his or her career in the 1990s will probably work in ten or more jobs for five or more employers before retiring.‖
In the mid 1990s, Richard Knowdell said, ―Career planning in the 1950s and 1960s was like riding on a train. The train remained on the track and one could quite possibly stay on that track until retirement day. In the 1970s and 1980s career planning was like getting on a bus. One could change buses and it was a little closer to driving than on a train. For the 1990s and beyond, career planning is more like an all-terrain vehicle. The worker gets to drive, has to read the map, and has to be attuned to the terrain, which could change from moment to moment.‖
When I attended a recent California Career Development Conference, I heard several other metaphors to describe the career development process. One person said, ―The old career was a marriage. The new career is a date.‖ And someone else mentioned, ―A career is like going to an amusement park, where you go from one ride to the next.‖
Obviously, the concept of climbing the career ladder is antiquated. Rather than ―moving up‖ in one organization, you will find yourself moving up, down, and even off the ladder. It could, in fact, seem more like a maze, with many twists and turns, stops and starts.
My own concept of career is like a wardrobe, where you ―try on‖ different outfits throughout your lifetime, and continue to check the mirror to see if it still fits and matches your current style and taste. In the modern world of work, you will need to find work that is ―suited‖ to you. Think of your life’s work as your wardrobe. It is ever-changing as you move through life, changing as your styles and interests change. Throughout the process, you will be tailoring yourself to fit different roles, and to meet changing work styles and expectations.
Thus, today, the way in which we go about planning and strategizing our work life is constantly changing. We are taking a more proactive—therefore more exciting and challenging approach— to managing which way our career takes us. People are daring to walk their unique paths, and ignoring traditional routes. In fact, tomorrow’s jobs are relatively unknown to us at this time, as there will be new titles
and new career fields that will develop. If a modern career is like a wardrobe, you will wear many kinds of outfits throughout a lifetime, sometimes mixing and matching ensembles, but always checking to see that it still reflects your current style and remains a good fit. It has been said that clothes make the man–what you are displaying to the world through your choice of clothing is how you express yourself. Similarly, how you express yourself and what you value is reflected in the work you choose to perform.
As Mark Twain said, ―There is no security in life, only opportunity.‖ Given today’s cha nging times, we cannot hold onto one idea for very long—there is so much good work that must be done to help us evolve to our fullest potential. We are multi-talented, multi-faceted beings with many gifts to share. We cannot lock ourselves into any one job or job path. We must walk our path, but remain flexible and open to new experiences. We also need to learn our lessons along the way. Each job, no matter how small, is meaningful and is part of
our career plan in that we are always building onto our careers. Today’s work will prepare us for tomorrow’s opportunities.何为事业呢?
A career is the sum total of all of your work-related contributions to society in a lifetime. 一个人的事业是之总和,
你所有的工作对社会的贡献在一生。This includes time and effort spent to provide goods, services, or benefit to others. 这包括所花费的时间和人力提供货物、服务、或者造福他人。A career includes paid, un-paid, volunteer, part-time, and
full-time positions. 一个职业包括支付,un-paid,志愿者,兼职和职位。Your career includes many life roles you may not think of: student, homemaker, babysitter, office worker, doctor, lawyer, etc. A career encompasses all the roles you play and duties you perform. 你的职业生涯中包括许多生命的角色你可能不认为:
学生、家庭主妇、保姆,上班族,医生、律师等。事业包含所有的角色和责任你玩的表现。You may have many jobs or positions that make up your career, but you only have one overall career. 你可能有很多工作或职位,你的工作,但你只有一个整体的事业。There are various career options in the modern world of work: Self-Employed, Organization Employed, or Project-Employed.有各种各样的职业选择在这个现代世界的工作:个体、组织工作,或Project-Employed。
By definition, career development is the interaction of psychological, sociological, economic, physical and chance factors that shape the sequence of jobs, occupations, or
positions a person may engage in throughout his or her lifetime. 根据定义,事业发展是互动的心理,社会、经济、物理和机会形状的序列因素,工作,职业,地位一个人不得从事在她的一生。Career development is an ongoing process that includes the aspects of planning and strategizing your career based on information about your self, the world of work, the match between them, and the action you will take to create your life’s work. 职业发展是一个长期的过程,包括方面的理你的职业生涯规划和基于信息对你的自我,世界的工作,他们之间的比赛,你会
采取的行动创造你的生活的工作。Formal career development occurs in high schools, colleges and universities, adult education programs, business and industry, military, community and government agencies, trade and technical schools. 正式的职业发展发生在高中、大专院校、成人教育计划、商业、工业、军事、社区和政府机构、贸易和技术学校。Consider all the places you have developed your career with either academic or work experience. 考虑到所有的地方你开发你的职业和或学术或工作经验。Where can you go next and what can you do to further develop your career?在那里您可以下,你能做什么来进一步发展自己的事业?
You have the power to create what you want, whether you wish to be self-employed, change career fields entirely, hold a
certain kind of position, or volunteer your time. 你有能力去创造你想要的东西,你是否希望成为自由职业者,改变事业领域的完全,持有一种位置,或献出你的时间。Smart career development requires you to be self-reflective, resourceful, motivated, flexible, and able to keep your skills and competencies
up-to-date.聪明的职业发展要求你要self-reflective、足智多谋、积极、灵活、能保持你的技巧和能力是最新的。Contemporary Career Concepts当代职业概念
Statistics say that we will experience many job transitions throughout our life. 统计数字说,我们将经历许多在工作转换我们的生活。For example: the U.S. Department of Labor says that the average person will have 3.5 different careers in his lifetime and work for ten employers, keeping each job for 3.5 years.例如:美国劳动部说,一般人将有3.5不同职业和工作在他
的一生中十雇主,让每个工作为3.5年。
From the 1995 National Association of Colleges and Employers Journal of Career Planning, ―The average American beginning his or her career in the 1990s will probably work in ten or more jobs for five or more employers before retiring.‖1995年全国高校及雇主联合会期刊的职业规划,―一般
的美国人开始他或她的运动生涯在1990年代可能会在十个或十个以上职位工作了5个或更多的雇主退休前。‖
In the mid 1990s, Richard Knowdell said, ―Career planning in the 1950s and 1960s was like riding on a train. 在1990年代中期,理查德Knowdell说:―职业生涯规划在1950年代和1960年代就像骑上了一列火车。The train remained on the track and one could quite possibly stay on that track until retirement day. 火车仍在跑道上,一个人能很可能继续直到退休,跟踪的一天。In the 1970s and 1980s career planning was like getting on a bus. 在1980年代和1970年代获得职业生涯规划是喜欢上了一辆公共汽车。One could change buses and it was a little closer to driving than on a train. 一个人能改变公共汽车和有点接近开
车比上了一列火车。For the 1990s and beyond, career planning is more like an all-terrain vehicle. 在1990年代和超越,职业生涯规划更像一个全地形车辆。The worker gets to drive, has to read the map, and has to be attuned to the terrain, which could change from moment to moment.‖职工会开车,必须把地图,并被调谐到地形,它能改变那一刻。‖
When I attended a recent California Career Development Conference, I heard several other metaphors to describe the career development process. 当我参加了最近的一个加利福尼
亚的职业发展会议的时候,我听见其他几个隐喻来描述职业发展过程。One person said, ―The old career was a marriage. 一个人说,―旧工作是一个婚姻。The new career is a date.新事业是一个具体的日期。‖ And someone else mentioned, ―A career is like going to an amusement park, where you go from one ride to the next.‖―和其他人提到,―一个人的事业是喜欢去一个娱乐公园,在那里你会从一个骑到下一个。‖
Obviously, the concept of climbing the career ladder is antiquated. 显然,攀登事业生涯的阶梯概念是过时的。Rather than ―moving up‖ in one organization, you will find yourself moving up, down, and even off the ladder. 而不是―升学‖在一个组织,你会发现自己移动,上下,甚至从梯子。It could, in fact, seem more like a maze, with many twists and turns, stops and starts.它能,事实上,看起来更像个迷宫,许多波折,停止和启动。My own concept of career is like a wardrobe, where you ―try on‖ different outfits throughout your lifetime, and continue to check the mirror to see if it still fits and matches your current style and taste. 我自己的理念的职业就像一个衣柜,在那里你
―试试―不同的衣服在你的一生中,并继续检查镜子,看它是否仍能适应比赛和你目前的风格和品位。In the modern world of work, you will need to find work that is ―suited‖ to you. 在这个现代
世界的工作,你将需要去找工作,是―适合‖。Think of your life’s work as your wardrobe. 想到你一生的作品当作你的衣柜里。It is ever-changing as you move through life, changing as your styles and interests change. 它是不断变化的,当你移动时在你的人生历程中,改变你的样式和利益的变化。Throughout the process, you will be tailoring yourself to fit different roles, and to meet changing work styles and expectations.在整个过程中,你会自己来适应不同的角色剪裁,以迎接变化的工作风格和期望。
Thus, today, the way in which we go about planning and strategizing our work life is constantly changing. 因此,今天,以何种方式,我们去规划和国际化工作生活是不断变化的。We are taking a more proactive—therefore more exciting and challenging approach— to managing which way our career takes us. 我们以一种更为proactive-therefore更令人兴奋的和具有挑战性的方法——我们的职业生涯管理,需要我们。People are daring to walk their unique paths, and ignoring traditional routes. 人们不敢走他们的独一无二的途径,而忽略传统路线。In fact, tomorrow’s jobs are relatively unknown to us at this time, as there will be new titles and new career fields that will develop. 事实上,明天的工作都是相对不为我们所知在这个时刻,如同将会有新的头衔和新的事业领域,就会发展。If a modern
career is like a wardrobe, you will wear many kinds of outfits throughout a lifetime, sometimes mixing and matching ensembles, but always checking to see that it still reflects your current style and remains a good fit. 如果一个现代职业就像一个衣柜,你会穿很多种类的服装一生,有时混合和匹配配音演员,但总是检查看看,它还反映了当前风格和仍然是个好的健康。It has been said that clothes make the man–what you are displaying to the world through your choice of clothing is how you express yourself. 有人说衣服使man-what你向世界展现到你选择的服装就是如何表达你自己。Similarly, how you express yourself and what you value is reflected in the work you choose to perform.同样的,如何表达你自己和你的价值体现在工作中你选择去演出。
As Mark Twain said, ―There is no security in life, only opportunity.正如马克吐温所说:―没有安全,只有机会生活。‖ Given today’s changing times, we cannot hold onto one idea for very long—there is so much good work that must be done to help us evolve to our fullest potential. ―鉴于今天的时代,我们就不能抓住一个主意是很long-there这么多好所必须做的工作,帮助我们进化到我们最完整的潜能。We are multi-talented, multi-faceted beings with many gifts to share. 我们是多才多艺的、多面性的生物,很多礼物来分享。We cannot lock ourselves
into any one job or job path. 我们不能锁进任何一个自己的工
作或工作的道路。We must walk our path, but remain flexible and open to new experiences. 我们必须走我们的道路,但要保
持灵活性,乐于新的体验。We also need to learn our lessons along the way. 我们还需要了解我们的课程在前进的道路上。Each job, no matter how small, is meaningful and is part of
our career plan in that we are always building onto our careers. 每个工作,无论多么小,都很有意义,并且是我们的职业规划,我们总是建筑到我们的事业。Today’s work will prep are us for tomorrow’s opportunities.今天的工作将为我们准备明天的机会。
第二单元
China Launches First Space Walk Mission
The Chinese Shenzhou 7 spacecraft blasted off onSeptember 25, 2008,carrying three Chinese astronauts into space.
The mission furthers an ambitious space program that plans to build a base on the moon—in cooperation with NASA or not.
The flight of the Shenzhou VII rocket—China's third manned mission—took off not quite a year after Beijing deployed its first spacecraft to map the lunar surface.
"We intend to send astronauts to the moon and ultimately to build a lunar outpost," said Zhang Qingwei, who was until recently a leader of China's manned space program.
Zhang now heads a new corporation that aims to become the Chinese equivalent of Boeing or Airbus.
Zhang said China would be willing to participate in the international lunar outpost designed by NASA. Astronauts are scheduled to begin building that settlement in 2020.
Alternatively, China could assemble its own moon base, he said. With or Without You
Scientists and scholars at NASA and within the American space community say a debate is being waged over how closely to link up with China on missions to the moon or other celestial destinations. China currently cooperates with the European Space Agency (ESA) on a global-navigation satellite system and with the Russian Federal Space Agency on everything from astronaut training to a joint robotic mission to Mars, set for 2009.
Zhang, a long-time advocate for closer space ties with the ESA and NASA, acknowledged there are "many political and social
differences still dividing us that would have to be overcome" before wider cooperation with the United States could occur.
On his first official trip to China in 2006, NASA head Mike Griffin said the U.S. agency is "still unable to cooperate with [China's] military-based space program" and that his visit focused on the civilian side of the program.
"If China and the United States were to cooperate in the arena of manned space flight, that would be well down the road," Griffin said.
Gregory Kulacki, an expert on China's space industry who works for the U.S.-based Union of Concerned Scientists, said China's shift away from military control of space endeavors could lead to greater cooperation with the U.S. in future joint missions.
That transition may already be underway: A launch site under construction on the island of Hainan will be operated by the China National Space Administration. The country's three other launch centers are run by the People's Liberation Army.
Still, in a report this year, Pentagon scholars noted that China had successfully tested an anti-satellite missile against one of its own
weather satellites, "demonstrating its ability to attack satellites in low-Earth orbit."
China views its space capabilities as "bolstering national prestige and, like nuclear weapons, demonstrating the attributes of a world power," according to the report.
"Reach Into the Cosmos"
Jim Burke helped design the earliest U.S. moon missions as project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.
He said attempts to portray China as a potential rival military and space superpower are misguided, and that the Cold War space race between the United States and the Soviet Union was a peaceful competition that spurred innovation.
It was "the heyday of lunar rocketry—a brief, splendid episode in humanity's reach into the cosmos," said Burke, now a scholar at the International Space University in France.
John Pike, founder of the space-watching think tank
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1c1700731.html,, said the future of American-Chinese cooperation in space remains under a cloud.
"Apprehensions about espionage from both sides are going to be hard to overcome," he said.
Next Stop: Mars
While it remains unclear whether the United States and China will race to the moon as partners or competitors, the two countries have similar interests there.
"The moon, with deposits of helium-3, could hold one of the keys to solving Earth's energy problems," according to Chinese space official Zhang.
Helium-3 is a lightweight form of helium gas that is extremely valuable as a potential source of nuclear-fusion power. NASA scientists also have their eyes on the possible energy source. Moon missions also are seen as a technological testing ground that would provide useful experience for humans to explore the rest of the solar system.
Peng Jing is an aerospace engineer at the China Academy of Space Technology in Beijing.
Peng said that while China's successful space program is building support for a lunar touchdown, the moon is only an interim target.
"After human missions to the moon," he said, "China will consider human flights to Mars."
中国发动首次太空行走任务
全新的任务,一个雄心勃勃的太空计划打算建一个基地moon月亮—in cooperation with NASA or not.美国国家航空和宇宙航行局在合作。
The flight of the Shenzhou VII rocket—China's third manned mission—took off not quite a year after Beijing deployed its飞翔的“神舟6号载人mission-took了第三rocket-China不太一年后北京了first spacecraft to map the lunar surface地图的一艘月球表面. "We intend to send astronauts to the moon and ultimately to build a lunar outpost," said Zhang Qingwei, who was until recently a leader of China's manned space program.“我们打算给宇航员去月球并最终建立一个月球前哨,”张庆伟担任说,直到最近,一个中国的领导人载人航天计划。
Zhang now heads a new corporation that aims to become the Chinese equivalent of Boeing or Airbus.张现在领导着一个新公司,致力成为中国相当于波音和空客。
Zhang said China would be willing to participate in the international 张维庆说中国愿意参与国际lunar outpost designed by NASA月球前哨所设计的国家航空和宇宙航行局. 。Astronauts are scheduled to begin building that settlement in 2020.宇航员将在2020年开始建设,解决。
Alternatively, China could assemble its own moon base, he said.另外,中国可以组装它自己的月球基地,他说。
With or Without You你在或是不在
Scientists and scholars at NASA and within the American space community say a debate is being waged over how closely to link up with China on missions to the moon or other celestial destinations.美国国家航空和宇宙航行局的科学家和学者在美国太空社区说一个
辩论正在进行几乎是如何联系紧密合作,中国在月球或其他天体的目的地。
China currently cooperates with the European Space Agency (ESA) on a global-navigation satellite system and with the Russian Federal Space Agency on everything from astronaut training to a joint robotic mission to Mars, set for 2009.中国目前与欧洲太空总署(ESA)在一个global-navigation卫星系统和俄罗斯联邦航天局宇航员训练对一切从联合机器人向火星的使命,设置为2009。
Zhang, a long-time advocate for closer space ties with the ESA and NASA, acknowledged there are "many political and social differences still dividing us that would have to be overcome" before wider cooperation with the United States could occur.张,一位长期提倡建立更加紧密的空间关系和美国国家航空和宇宙航行局ESA,承认有“许多政治和社会的差异划分,我们仍然要解决的问题”在更广泛的与美国合作会出现。
Continued on
在他的第一个正式的2006年中国之旅,美国国家航空和宇宙航行局的头迈克格里芬说美国机构仍是无法配合[中国]military-based太空计划”,他的访问集中在民用一侧的计划。
葛Kulacki专家中国航天事业工作的美国科学家关怀联盟说,中国逐步撤出军事控制空间的努力可能会导致更大的合作与美国在未来的共同任务。
That transition may already be underway: A launch site under construction on the island of Hainan will be operated by the China National Space Administration. 这一变化过程中可能已经开始:一个发射地点兴建的岛屿海南是由中国国家航天局。The country's three other launch centers are run by the People's Liberation Army.这个国家的其他三个发射中心是由中国人民解放军。
Still, in a report this year, Pentagon scholars noted that China had successfully tested an anti-satellite missile against one of its own
牛津高中英语模块一第二单元Growing pains Growing pains Many teenagers feel lonely, as if no one understands them and the changes they are going through. Day by day, everything seems different, yet the same. Life never seems to be going fast enough; yet, in other ways, like a race car, life seems to be rushing too fast and even going out of control. Has anyone else ever felt this way? These feelings are a common part of adolescence—the time of life between child and adult. And, though it may some times be difficult to believe, you are not alone—every adult has gone through adolescence, and your friends are going through it right now along with you. It is common for teenagers to feel lonely and misunderstood. These feelings can be thought of as growing pains—the difficulties that teenagers face as they grow to adults. As teenagers grow, it is normal for them to become confused with the changing world both inside and outside of them. During adolescence, teenagers go through great physical changes. They grow taller and their voices get deeper, among many other developments. Along with these physical changes, there come many psychological changes. Boys and girls tend to be different in this regard. Many boys become risk-takers—they want to find their own limits and the limits of the world around them, but may not have the wisdom to make good choices in their behavior. At the same time, girls often want someone—anyone—to talk to, as they try to deal with their strong feelings. In the social world, as teenagers get older, they struggle to depend on themselves. They may badly want and need their parents’love, yet feel distant; they may want to be part of the group, yet desire independence. Since teenagers have difficulty balancing these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society. The good news is that these kinds of growing pains do not last. In the end everything turns out OK—the teenager becomes a healthy adult, and this period of change and challenge is traded for the changes and challenges of grown-up life. 好在这些成长的烦恼并不会持久。最终一切都会好起来——青少年成长为健康的成年人，而青春期的变化和挑战则转变为成人生活中的种种变化和挑战。在大千社会中，随着青少年长大，他们努力地自力更生。他们或许迫切需要父母的关爱，却又感觉疏远；他们或许想要成为团体的一员，但又渴望独立。正因为青少年们在平衡这些需要时有困难，所以他们经常质疑自己到底是谁以及怎样融入社会。与这些生理变化同时而来的，还有很多心理上的变化。男孩和女孩在这方面往往有所不同。很多男孩成为危险尝试者——他们希望找到自己的局限和他们周边世界的局限，但也许并不具有对其行为作出正确抉择的智慧。而与此同时，女孩则通常需要和某个人——或任何人——进行交谈，因为她们试图面对自己强烈的情感。在青少年成长的时候，对自己无论体内还是体外的状态变化感到困惑对他们而言是正常现象。在青春期，青少年经历着身体上的巨大变化。他们个子长高，声音变低，还有很多其他的成长发育。这些感觉是青春期——介于孩童和成人之间的人生阶段——的正常组成部分。而且，虽然有时难以相信，并非只有你才是这样——每一个成年人都经历过青春期，而你的朋友和你一样正经历这个阶段。对青少年而言，感到孤独和被误解是很普遍的。这些情感可以看作是成长的烦恼——是青少年迈向成年时所面对的困难。成长的烦恼很多青少年感到孤独，好像没有人理解他们以及他们正在经历的变化。日子一天天过去，而所有事情似乎都是不同的，可又都是一成不变的。生活似乎从不过得足够快；而从别的方面看，生活似乎过得太快甚至于失控，像开赛车一样。别的人也有过同感么？ Home alone Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter. Dad: It’s so nice to be home!
新视野大学英语3课文翻译 第一课无限的爱 我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。 从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。 伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。” 不带上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。 我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。 我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。 我则负责外面的事，找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，告他们的状，为我哥哥讨回公道。 父亲和吉米形影不离。 他们一道吃早饭，平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心，他们都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。 晚饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。 他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。 所以，父亲1991年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。 他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。 通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。 我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。 有一天，我问他：“你是不是想念爸爸？” 他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的朋友。” 接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。 六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。 吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。 我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像适应得很好。 但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。 此事最后做成了。 如今，他在那里生活了11年，在许多人的照料下，同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。 他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。 如果你有邮件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。 当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。
Exploring Filipino School Counselors’ Beliefs about Learning Allan B. I. Bernardo [Abstract] School reform efforts that focus on student learning require school counselors to take on important new roles as advocates of student learning and achievement.But how do school counselors understand the process of learning? In this study, we explore the learning beliefs of 115 Filipino school counselors who indicated their degree of agreementwith 42 statements about the process of learning and the factors thatinfluence this process.A principal components analysis of the responses to the 42 statements suggested three factors:(F1)social-cognitive constructivist beliefs, (F2) teacher-curriculum-centered behaviorist beliefs,and (F3) individual difference factors.The preliminary results are briefly discussed in terms of issues related to how Filipino school counselors’ conceptions of learning may guide their strategies for promoting student learning and achievement. [Key words]beliefs about learning, conceptions of learning, school counselors, student learning, Philippines School reform efforts in different parts of the world have focusedon students’learning. In particular,most school improvement programsnow aim to ensure that students acquire the high-level knowledge and skills that help them to thrive in today’s highly competitive globaleconomy (e.g., Lee & Williams, 2006). I n this regard, school reform programs draw from various contemporary theories and research on learning (e.g.,Bransford,Brown, & Cocking, 1999; Lambert & McCombs, 1998).The basic idea is that all school improvement efforts should be directed at ensuring students achieve high levels of learning or attainment of well-defined curricular objectives and standards.For example, textbooks (Chien & Young, 2007), computers and educational technology (Gravoso, 2002; Haertnel & Means, 2003;Technology in Schools Task Force, 2003), and educational assessment systems (Black & Wiliam2004; Cheung & Ng, 2007; Clark, 2001; Stiggins, 2005) are being reconsidered as regards how they can effectively provide scaffolds and resources for advancing student learning. Likewise,the allocation and management of a school’s financial resources are assessed in terms ofwhether these are effectively mobilized and utilized towards improving student learning (Bolam, 2006; Chung & Hung, 2006; Retna, 2007). In this regard, some advocates have also called for an examination of the role of school counselors in these reform efforts (Herr, 2002). Inthe United States, House and Hayes (2002) challenged school counselors to take proactive leadership roles in advocating for the success of all
零售企业营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
译文： 零售企业的营销策略 Philip Kotlor 今天的零售商为了招徕和挽留顾客，急欲寻找新的营销策略。过去，他们挽留顾客的方法是销售特别的或独特的花色品种，提供比竞争对手更多更好的服务提供商店信用卡是顾客能赊购商品。可是，现在这一切都已变得面目全非了。现在，诸如卡尔文·克连，依佐和李维等全国性品牌，不仅在大多数百货公司及其专营店可以看到，并且也可以在大型综合商场和折扣商店可以买到。全国性品牌的生产商为全力扩大销售量，它们将贴有品牌的商品到处销售。结果是零售商店的面貌越来越相似。 在服务项目上的分工差异在逐渐缩小。许多百货公司削减了服务项目，而许多折扣商店却增加了服务项目。顾客变成了精明的采购员，对价格更加敏感。他们看不出有什么道理要为相同的品牌付出更多的钱，特别是当服务的差别不大或微不足道时。由于银行信用卡越来越被所有的商家接受，他们觉得不必从每个商店赊购商品。 百货商店面对着日益增加的价格的折扣店和专业商店的竞争，准备东山再起。历史上居于市中心的许多商店在郊区购物中心开设分店，那里有宽敞的停车场，购买者来自人口增长较快并且有较高收入的地区。其他一些则对其商店形式进行改变，有些则试用邮购盒电话订货的方法。超级市场面对的是超级商店的竞争，它们开始扩大店面，经营大量的品种繁多的商品和提高设备等级，超级市场还增加了它们的促销预算，大量转向私人品牌，从而增加盈利。 现在，我们讨论零售商在目标市场、产品品种和采办、服务以及商店气氛、定价、促销和销售地点等方面的营销策略。 一、目标市场 零售商最重要的决策时确定目标市场。当确定目标市场并且勾勒出轮廓时，零售商才能对产品分配、商店装饰、广告词和广告媒体、价格水平等作出一致的决定。如沃尔玛的目标市场相当明确：
论语十二章原文加翻译 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
《论语》十二章翻译 1.子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？” 翻译：孔子说：“学了，然后按一定的时间去复习它，不也是很愉快吗？有志同道合的人从远方来，不也快乐吗？人家不了解我，我却不怨恨，不也是道德上有修养的人吗？” 2.曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？” 翻译：曾子说：“我每天多次反省自己：替别人办事是否尽心竭力了呢？同朋友交往是否诚实呢？老师传授给我的知识是否复习了呢？” 3.子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。” 翻译：孔子说：“我十五岁立志学习，三十岁立足于社会，四十掌握了知识而不致迷惑，五十岁了解并顺应了自然规律，六十岁听到别人说话就能明辨是非真假，七十岁可以随心所欲，又不超出规矩” 4.子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。” 翻译：孔子说:"在温习旧知识后,能有新体会,新发现,这样的人是可以当老师的." 5.子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。” 翻译：孔子说:"只读书却不思考,就会迷惑而无所适从;只是空想却不读书,就会有害. 6.子曰：“贤哉回也，一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐。贤哉回也。” 翻译：∶“颜回的品德多么高尚啊，！吃的是一小筐饭，喝的是一瓢水，住在穷陋的小房中，别人都受不了这种贫苦，颜回却仍然不改变他好学的乐趣。“颜回的品德多么高尚啊！” 7.子曰：“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。 翻译：孔子说：“对于学习，知道怎么学习的人，不如爱好学习的人；爱好学习的人，又不如以学习为乐趣的人。” 8.子曰：“饭疏食饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。 ” 翻译：孔子说：“吃粗粮，喝白水，弯着胳膊当枕头，乐趣也就在这中间了。用不正当的手段得来的富贵，对于我来讲就像是天上的浮云一样。” 9、子曰:“三人行，必有我师焉。则其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。” 翻译：孔子说：三个人走在一起，其中必定会有我的老师。拿他们的优点来自己学习，拿他们的缺点来自己改过。 10、子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。 翻译：孔子站在河岸上说，过去的就像这流水，白天和夜晚都在流 11、三军可夺帅也匹夫不可夺志也 翻译：军队可以被夺去主帅，男子汉却不可被夺去志气。
必修3 Book3 Module 1 Europe Great European Cities Paris Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world’s largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of France’s arti sts and writers live in Paris. Barcelona Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometers east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelna’s most famous landmarks is the Church of the S agrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn’t been finished yet! Florence Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence’s most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produce d by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffiziz Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. Athens Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilization. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world’s most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period. Greece’s best writer s lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since. CULTURAL CORNER The European Union What Is the European Union? The European Union is an organization of European countries. The countries are independent and are governed in different ways. In the United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is a king or queen. In France, on the other hand, the head of state is a president. But each of them sends representatives to the European Parliament, which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries. How Did It start? The idea of the European Union began in the 1950s. The first members were France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Italy. Little by little, the number increased during the second half of the twentieth century. By the year 2000, there were 15 member countries. The new countries were Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. How Many Countries Belong to It Now? In 2004, the European Union increased to 25 members. The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, plus the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Malta all became members. The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the United States.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/1c1700731.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world
市场营销策略 1 市场细分和目标市场策略 具有需求，具有购买能力并愿意花销的个体或组织构成了市场。然而，在大多数市场中，购买者的需求不一致。因此，对整个市场采用单一的营销计划可能不会成功。一个合理的营销计划应以区分市场中存在的差异为起点，这一过程被称为市场细分，它还包括将何种细分市场作为目标市场。 市场细分使公司能更加有效地利用其营销资源。而且，也使得小公司可以通过集中在一两个细分上场上有效地参与竞争。市场细分的明显缺点是，其导致了比单一产品、单一大市场策略更高的生产和营销成本。但是，如果市场细分得当的话，更加符合消费者的需求，实际上将生产更高的效率。 确定目标市场有三种可供选择的策略，它们是统一市场、单一细分市场和多重细分市场。统一市场策略即采取一种营销组合用到一个整体的、无差异的市场中去。采取单一细分市场策略，公司仍然仅有一种营销组合，但它只用在整个市场的一个细分市场中。多重细分市场策略需要选择两个或更多的细分市场，并且每个细分市场分别采用一种单独的营销组合。 2 产品定位 管理者将注意力集中于一种品牌，并以恰当的方式将其与类似的品牌相区分，但这并不意味着该品牌就一定能够最后赢利。因此，管理者需要进行定位，即塑造与竞争品牌和竞争对手的其他品牌相关的自我品牌形象。 市场营销人员可以从各种定位策略中加以选择。有时，他们决定对某一特定产品采用一种以上的策略。以下是几种主要的定位策略： 2.1与竞争者相关的定位 对一些产品来说，最佳的定位是直接针对竞争对手。该策略特别适用于已经具有固定的差别优势或试图强化这种优势的厂商。为排挤微处理器的竞争对手，Intel公司开展了一项活动使用户确信它的产品优于竞争对手的产品。公司甚至为电脑制造商出钱，让它们在自己的广告中带上“Intel Inside”标志。作为市场领导者，可口可乐公司推出新产品并实施其市场营销策略。同时，它密切注视百事可乐公司，以确保对主要竞争对手的任何一次巧妙、有效的营销举措采取相应的对策。 2.2 与产品类别和属性相关的定位 有时候，公司的定位策略有必要将自己的产品与其类别和属性相联系（或相区别）。一些公司尽力将其产品定位在期望的类别中，如“美国制造”。用一句某顾问的话来说，“当你说‘美国制造’的时候，有一种强烈的感情因素在吸引着你”。因此，一家名为Boston Preparatory的规模不大的运动服制造商正在运用这种定位策略，以期胜过那些并非所有产品都在美国制造的势力强大的竞争对手如Calvin Kiein和Tommy Hilfiger。 2.3 通过价格和质量定位 某些生产者和零售商因其高质量和高价格而闻名。在零售行业，Saks Fifth Avenue和Neiman Marcus公司正是定位于该价格—质量策略的。折扣店Target Kmart则是定位于该策略的反面。我们不是说折扣商店忽视质量，而是说它们更加强调低廉的价格。Penny's公司努力—并且大多获得了成功—通过升级高级服装线和强调设计者的名字将其商店定位于价格—质量策略上。 “品牌”一词是个综合性的概念，它包含其他更狭义的理解。品牌即一个名称和（或）标志，用以识别一个销售者或销售集团的产品，并将之与竞争产品相区别。 品牌名称由能够发音的单词、字母和(或)数字组成。品牌标志是品牌的一部分，它以符号、图案或醒目的颜色、字体的形式出现。品牌标志通过视觉识别，但当人们仅仅读出品牌名称的时候，品牌标志并不能够被表达出来。Crest、Coors、Gillette都是品牌名称。AT&T由醒目的线条构成的地球以及Ralph Lauren's Polo的马和骑手是品牌标志，而Green Giant（罐装冷冻菜蔬产品）和Arm&Hammer（面包苏打）既是品牌名称又是品牌标志。 商标是销售者已经采用并且受到法律保护的品牌。商标不仅包括品牌标志，如许多人所认为的那样，也包括品牌名称。1946年的The Lanham Art法案允许厂商向联邦政府注册商标，以保护它们免受其他厂商的使用或误
明〕魏学洢 明有奇巧人曰王叔远，能以径寸之木为宫室、器皿、人物，以至鸟兽、木石，罔不因势象形，各具情态。尝贻余核舟一，盖大苏泛赤壁云。 舟首尾长约八分有奇，高可二黍许。中轩敞者为舱，箬篷覆之。旁开小窗，左右各四，共八扇。启窗而观，雕栏相望焉。闭之，则右刻“山高月小，水落石出”，左刻“清风徐来，水波不兴”，石青糁之。 船头坐三人，中峨冠而多髯者为东坡，佛印居右，鲁直居左。苏、黄共阅一手卷。东坡右手执卷端，左手抚鲁直背。鲁直左手执卷末，右手指卷，如有所语。东坡现右足，鲁直现左足，各微侧，其两膝相比者，各隐卷底衣褶中。佛印绝类弥勒，袒胸露乳，矫首昂视，神情与苏黄不属。卧右膝，诎右臂支船，而竖其左膝，左臂挂念珠倚之，珠可历历数也。 舟尾横卧一楫。楫左右舟子各一人。居右者椎髻仰面，左手倚一衡木，右手攀右趾，若啸呼状。居左者右手执蒲葵扇，左手抚炉，炉上有壶，其人视端容寂，若听茶声然。 其船背稍夷，则题名其上，文曰“天启壬戌秋日，虞山王毅叔远甫刻”，细若蚊足，钩画了了，其色墨。又用篆章一，文曰“初平山人”，其色丹。 通计一舟，为人五，为窗八，为箬篷，为楫，为炉，为壶，为手卷，为念珠各一；对联、题名并篆文，为字共三十有四。而计其长，曾不盈寸。盖简桃核修狭者为之。 魏子详瞩既毕，诧曰：嘻，技亦灵怪矣哉！《庄》《列》所载，称惊犹鬼神者良多，然谁有游削于不寸之质，而须麋瞭然者？假有人焉，举我言以复于我，亦必疑其诳。乃今亲睹之。由斯以观，棘刺之端，未必不可为母猴也。嘻，技亦灵怪矣哉！ ——选自文学古籍刊行社排印本《虞初新志》 明朝有个手艺奇妙精巧的人叫王叔远，他能用直径一寸左右的木头雕刻成宫室、器皿、
Unit 1 Cloze ▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given. ▆ Answers: 1)reliable 2)syndrome 3)adopted 4)got done with 5)gloomy 6)or something 7)chance 8)come through 9)barely 10)in good shape 11)booth 12)mess 13)scrawled 14)peeking 15)in Translation 1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets. ▆Answers for reference: 1)What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker. 2)Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!” 3)At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances 4)In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. 5)When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6)Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 课文参考译文 送给史蒂维的一点心意 丹·安德森
GRA VITY RETAINING?WALL 1. INTRODUCTION Retaining walls are structures used to provide stability for earth or other material where conditions disallow the mass to assume its natural slope, and are commonly used to hold back or support soilbanks,coal or ore piles, and water. Retaining walls are classified, based on the method of achieving stability, into six principal types (Fig.1). The gravity-wall depends upon its weight, as the name implies, for stability. The cantilever wall is a reinforced-concrete wall that utilizes cantilever action to retain the mass behind the wall from assuming a natural slope. Stability of this wall is partially achieved from the weight of soil on the heel portion of the base slab. A counterfort retaining wall is similar to a cantilever retaining wall, except that it is used where the cantilever is long or for very high pressures behind wall and has counterforts, which tie the wall and base together, built at intervals along the wall to reduce the bending moments and sheers. As indicated in Fig.1c, the counterfort is behind the wall and subjected to tensile forces. A buttressed retaining wall is similar to a counterfort wall, except that the bracing is in front of the wall and is in compression instead of tension. Two other types of walls not considered further are crib walls, which are built-up members of pieces of precast concrete, metal, or timber and are supported by anchor pieces embedded in the soil for stability, and semigravity walls, which are walls intermediate between a true gravity and a cantilever wall. (a)(b)(e)