在ETS 规定的托福独立写作评分标准中，有一项是针对词汇和表达的，同样托福写作想要拿高分，在词汇的应用上也要有一定的技巧，今天整理了一些托福写作重点词汇的高分替换，看看ETS 考官更喜欢什么样的表达~希望对大家的写作有帮助~
高分重点托福写作同义词替换
国内考生常用的表达
更得分的表达方式
名词
1
things that one tries hard
to do one's undertakings/ one's commitments
2The fact is that…The reality is that…
3joy happiness/ delight/ enjoyment 4sadness sorrow/ grief
5danger hazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般) [派生] dangerous；hazardous
6education ≈schooling （指学校教育，
家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting）[区分]家庭教育的两个词
upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，
比如children's upbringing；
而parenting是从家长的角度来说，
比如sensible parenting.
7advertisement/ advertising 如果你写过关于广告的题目，
就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising
有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中
完全可以把广告类细化，比如commercials（电视或者互联
网上的广告），flyers
（传单广告，北京最常见的
形式就是“135****，办证”），billboards（大幅的广告牌）或者non-profit advertisements= public-interest advertisements （公益广告）
8car automobile
9economic crisis economic meltdown
（很接近）/recession
（这个一般仅仅还是衰退）
/the Great Depression
（这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了）
10famous people celebrities （单数为celebrity）
11
human beings（备考生使用过
多）humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）/the human race
12wealth
fortune(s) （fortune
作财富的意思时可以加复数）
13[相关] rich wealthy/ affluent (adj.)
14skill ≈technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技)
15[派生] skilled adept/ adroit (adj.)
16method methodology (国外学术
写作中超级常用的词，
基本就是method的故作高深版）
17field sphere/ domain/ arena 18understanding of≈ grasp of/ command of 19choice option
20cooperation≈collaboration
21
basic structure in a city
or a country infrastructure
22tiredness for a long time fatigue
23is a must of
is a prerequisite for
（是……的必备先决条件）
24the Internet ≈the information highway (一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)
25honesty≈integrity 26strong belief faith (in)
27aim intention
28worries
anxieties (是的，这两个
词的确都可以加复数）
29influence
impact/ repercussion/
implication
30influence on each other mutual influence（类似
的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/
interplay between A and B
31many different kinds of…a variety of…／
a wide array of…／a wide range of…
32
wrong ideas held by man
y people misconceptions
33fame
prestige/
sterling reputation 34range≈spectrum
35sense≈ recognition
36part
component
（这个词不仅指零件，
在学术写作中也经常指“部分”）37wise[相关] sensible (adj.)
38gap disparity
39
a system for a particular
purpose≈ a mechanism for…
40 a solution to sth.a remedy for sth.
（生活中经常指一种病
的治疗方法，但学术写作
中经常用来指某种问题的
解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）
41bad students
≈ unruly students/
disruptive students 42bad behavior
unethical behavior/
immoral behavior
43
organizations that help po
or people charities/
charitable organizations
44difference distinction
45[派生] be different from be distinct from (adj.) 46person individual
47personality≈ disposition
48businesses enterprises（这里指企业）49prices that are too high exorbitant prices
50the rate of…the incidence of…
（后面一般跟坏事儿，
比如unemployment/
crime/ a disease）51intense enthusiasm zeal/ passion
52
cultural globalization（有过
多人使用这个词）global cultural homogenization
53 a thing that is necessary a necessity
54
a thing that is new and
interesting a novelty
55 a thing that is rare a rarity
56
things that people are no
t sure about uncertainties
57 a world language a universal language
58friends companions
59relaxation≈ recreation
60self-respect≈ self-esteem and dignity
61respect sb./ sth.hold sb./ sth. in high regard 62[反义] look down on…
treat … with
contempt = despise (v.)
63self-control self-discipline
64criminal convict
65prisoner inmate
66drinks≈ alcoholic beverages 67
people who walk on the s
treet pedestrians
68old generations in history ancestors
69
a person who benefits fro
m sth. a beneficiary of sth.
70
a disease that spreads qui
ckly an epidemic
（注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，却不是形容词）
71
a very unpleasant way of
life misery
72
a task that requires lots
of effort an arduous task
73emotion≈ sentiment
74enemy≈ opponent/ foe
75narrow minds
insular minds
（狭隘的头脑或者观念）
76 a way to do sth.
an approach to doing sth./
an avenue towards sth.
77hobby≈ pastime/ diversion
78progress progression
（经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/