一、句子成分
练习一指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
练习二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
练习三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat —too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
二．并列句的分类
并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e. g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e. g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e. g. He was
a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
三．祈使句结构
1. Do + …
2. Be + predictive +…
3. Don’t + do + …
4. Don’t + be + predictive
5. Let + object + do + ...
e.g. 1) Come in, please. 2) Pass her a piece of paper.
3) Be a good boy. 4) Be careful not to touch it.
5) Don’t read in a moving bus. 6) Don’t be so silly.
7) Let’s have a rest. 8) Let the boy in, please
四．感叹句结构
1. What (+ adj.) + n.+ S. + v.!
2. How + adj./adv. + S. + v.!
3. How + S. + v.!
4. How + adj.+ a / an + n. + S. + v.!
e.g. 1) What a silly boy he is!
2) What terrible weather we are having!
3) How hard they are working!
4) How wonderful to be invited to a
palace ball!
五．反意疑问句：
e.g. 1) You are tired, aren’t you?
2) You wouldn’t leave for long, will you?
九．否定式结构
1．S. + be + not + predictive.
e.g. He is an engineer. _____________________.
2. ① S. + has/ have + not a + object .
② S. + has/ have + no + object .
e.g. I have brother. _______________________________.
3. There + be + not a / not any + S.
e.g. There is a book on the table._____________________________.
4. S. + do/does/did + not + do
e.g. He came to school yesterday.________________________________.
5. S. + 助动词+ not + do
e.g. 1) He is not crying.
2) I shall not ask him for help.
6. S. + 情态动词+ not + do
e.g. You needn’t worry.
7. not + to do / doing / done +…
e.g. 1) Not knowing the truth, he scolded her.
2) I regretted not attending the meeting.
3) We said so not to flatter(奉承) him.
8. not + both/ each/ every/ the whole / always 部分否定
完全否定分别用：_____________________________________.
e.g.1) All the answers are not correct.
2) Everything doesn’t go well.
3) She hasn’t done the job completely.
4) Nobody can work it out.
5) None of the students is from Shanghai.
9. 由nor, neither构成否定承接句：
Neither / Nor + 助/系/情态动词+ S.
Note:
如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类、时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定，则套用句型：It is / was the same with + S.
e.g. 1) I don’t like the film, nor does she.
2) He has no time. Neither have
10. 由hardly, seldom, rarely, never, little, few等构成的含否定意义的句子。
e.g. 1) He hardly went out shopping.
2) Few of them know science.
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and
B. or
C. if
D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?
A. hasn’t he
B. is n’t he
C. isn’t it
D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____?
A. shan’t we
B. shall we
C. won’t we
D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. is he
D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____?
A. will you
B. had you
C. shall you
D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then
B. but
C. and
D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too
B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has
D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or
B. for
C. while
D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?
---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?”----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which
B. How
C. How hot
D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he?---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t
B. No, he isn’t
C. No, he is
D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she
B. What, is she
C. How, she is
D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or
B. so
C. for
D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making
B. makes
C. is making
D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me
B. If you would say to me
C. You will tell me
D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he
B. but he
C. and
D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.
A. since
B. but
C. because
D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning
B. To turn
C. Turned
D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and, and
B. and, but
C. or, and
D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and
B. so
C. as
D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and
B. then
C. or
D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving
B. to arrive
C. having arrived
D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom
B. where
C. which
D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you
B. will you
C. didn’t you
D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind
B. Glance at
C. Stare at
D. Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子：
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?（完成反意疑问）
4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）
5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)
6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）
7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）
8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑问）
9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）
10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）