Principles of Concentrating Stress in the Design of
Load Cells
Abstract:This paper introduces two principles of concentrating stress, which are usually used in the design of load cells. According to the principles the elastic bodies of load cells are designed and the fine accuracy and sensitivity of measurement can be obtained.
Keywords: Load cell, concentrating stress , accuracy, sensitivity
first, outlined
The resistance strain gauge force transducers suitable for the test （ short for "detection" ） force transducers suitable for an elastic body shape and size of construction related to the measuring force transducers suitable for performance impact. we can say that this force transducers suitable for performance depends largely on its an elastic body shapes and sizes. if the test of the transducer an elastic body design, both elastic and the processing of precision, a high resistance strain of the quality test transducer, it is difficult to achieve better performance. the measuring force.Therefore, in the measuring force transducers suitable for the process, is an elastic body a reasonable design is essential.
An elastic body of the basic design of mechanical design, but by understanding the needs of the force of the performance, the structure and mechanical parts and components different. generally speaking, the mechanical parts and components are large enough only to satisfy the safety of strength and stiffness and to the conditions of parts or components in the distribution is not strict.However, for an elastic body, but need to satisfy the mechanical strength and stiffness request, must ensure that an elastic body stick the logo of the resistance strain of the parts of the instruments （ the following parts. "the stress ） responsive and flexible in the load （ be force ） maintain strict relationship to the corresponding ； at the same time, to improve the detection of the force transducer, sensitivity, should also make parts of the higher the stress to strain ）
It is an elastic body in the process must meet the following two requirements ：（ 1 ） part of the strain and stress should be the equivalent force to maintain strict relationship ；
（ 2 ） parts of the higher the strain.
To meet the above two items in the measuring force transducer's an elastic body design, the application of the concentrated stress "design principles, and ensure part of the stress higher the strain level and to be the equivalent force to maintain strict relationship to improve the detection of the force transducer, sensitivity and precision. the force
Secondly, improved the contingency irregular the distribution of the concentrated stress "principle"
In machine parts or components of the design process, generally believed that stress （ strain ） parts or components in the rules are, if the parts or components in the shape will not change, don't take the strain （ irregularly distributed. in fact, the mechanical parts or components in the design of the contingency ）irregular （ for the distribution of the problem is not just consider, but by strength of the margin calculations in its embrace included.
Force transducers suitable for the test, it is the resistance gage measured by an elastic body parts of the contingency measure to be the size of the force. to ensure part of the strain and stress be the equivalent force to maintain strict relationship is in fact to ensure that the force transducer, when an elastic body on the part of the stress （ strain ） to a distributed according to law.
In practical application of flexible thoughtful parts of the contingency ）（ are influenced factor is largely an elastic body force for change.
An elastic body on the terms of changes is when an elastic body size of the same time, the force for change or an elastic body of its load bearing the elements and elements of changed access requirements. if there is an elastic body design, failed to consider this case, may produce an elastic body stress strain on the distribution of irregular. the most typical example is that zero transducer.
In by an elastic body of the conditions of the force transducer error detection and some designers take on that test transducer an elastic body the increase the number of ways, as will an elastic body parts of the circumference with stress not equally distributed across the measure. this process is effective and can lessen the flexibility of changing conditions in the test errors caused by force.But this approach is after all a passive approach and increase the number of always limited, it is difficult to put an elastic body parts of the circumference with stress not equally distributed across the full measure, this is a small degree by the force is not conspicuous.
By an elastic body of the conditions of the test is the essence of the force's thoughtful parts of the circumference of the contingency irregular. if you can make flexible thoughtful parts of the circumference of the contingency ）（ distributed under certain conditions, and forced parts of the contingency ）（ in accordance with a rule, be made flexible distribution of part of the strain and stress be kept strictly correspond to the basic force,Thus reduces by an elastic body of the conditions of the test errors. the author had used force on the way that this force transducers suitable for improvement. the improvement of the transducer before that, is greater than 1% force f ". to improve. after a hollow ）（ part of the force transducer, for that error 0.1 0.3% ~ f. that test." the force has been noticeably improved.
Three stresses and strains of levels of stress concentration principle
To the measuring force transducers suitable to achieve greater sensitivity, should the resistance strain of the higher the strain level, in an elastic body parts in should have a high stress （ strain ）.
Achieve an elastic body parts of the higher the stress to strain level there are two commonly used method of ：
（ 1 ） the overall decrease an elastic body size, improve flexibility on the strain level ；
（ 2 ） part in the vicinity of a weakening of an elastic body parts, local （ parts of the contingency ） higher level, and an elastic body other parts of the strain level stress unchanged. basic
These two methods can be improved part of the strain level stress , but the overall performance of an elastic body, parts of the effect of an elastic body to be far better than the overall decrease an elastic body size. as part of an elastic body can improve part of the strain level stress , and made an elastic body remain higher overall strength and stiffness and to improve the performance of the sensor and effect.
Part of an elastic body parts of the strain level ： principle is undermined by an elastic body parts, local the stress concentration, the concentrated stress area the strain level has more than an elastic body other parts of the level of the resistance strain gage will be pasted in concentrated stress area can be measured to the higher the strain level.
Local stress the strain gauge force transducers suitable in this design is often used especially in transducer （ like to bend the beams and cut transducer ） of an elastic body design widely used. local on the contingency approach is more successful as an \ transducer.Cut transducer is an elastic body through detecting the type of the shear stresses to cut the strain of the test, an elastic body structure are shown in fig 3 （ in order to facilitate, here only by a in the case. an elastic body ）
In the shape of the units concerned, it is a principal contradition. in a beam with a strong case, the strength of an ordinary 0 larger. as in the neutral floor near the blind eye after the closing in on the shear stresses （ cut strain ） improved obviously, however, the section of very small. the bending stressIn the shape of the units concerned, it is a principal contradition. in a beam with a strong case, the strength of an ordinary 0 larger. as in the neutral floor near the blind eye after the closing in on the shear stresses （ cut strain ） improved obviously, however, the section of very small. the bending stress
In the measuring force transducers suitable for the design process, it would be consciously follow the above two principles of the concentrated stress, is an elastic body structure designed to improve, get understanding of the force transducer measured the strength and sensitivity to the good effect. flexible and proper use of the stress concentration of principles for designing and producing force transducers suitable for performance of great practical significance.
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电气工程常用专业英语词汇表 电气工程常用专业英语词汇表 电路基础 ideal voltage (current) source 理想电压(流)源volt-ampere characteristic 伏安特性potential difference 电位差 reference potential 参考电位resistance 电阻capacitance 电容 inductance 电感 reactance 电抗 inductive(capacitive) reactance 感(容)抗impedance 阻抗 equivalent circuit 等效电路 Ohm’s law 欧姆定律Kirchhoff’s law 基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’s voltage law（KVL）基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s current law（KCL）基尔霍夫电流定律Thevenin’s theorem 戴维宁定理Norton’s theorem 诺顿定理 branch 支路 node 结点 loop 回路 mesh 网孔 open circuit 开路（断路） short circuit 短路 branch current analysis 支路电流法mesh current analysis 网孔电流法 ode voltage analysis 结点电位法n superposition theorem 叠加原理passive(active) two-terminal network 无(有)源二端网络root mean square (RMS) 均方根值 effective value 有效值instantaneous value 瞬时值 ampere 安培 volt 伏特 Hertz 赫兹 reactive power` 无功功率 active power 有功功率 transfer function 传递函数 apparent power 视在功率 power-factor compensation 功率因数补偿series (parallel) resonance 串(并)联谐振 amplitude(phase)-frequency response characteristic 幅(相)频特性 figure of merit 品质因素 pass-band 通频带bandwidth (BW) 带宽 first(second)-order filter 一(二)阶滤波器low(high)-pass filter 低(高)通滤波器band-pass(stop) filter 带通(阻)滤波器transfer function 转移函数 Bode diagram 波特图 Fourier series 傅立叶级数 three-phase circuit 三相电路 cutoff frequency 截止频率 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) 快速傅立叶变换 state variable 状态变量 电机 generation 发电 transmission 输电 distribution 配电 coil 线圈 core 铁心 winding 绕组 electrical machine 电机 generator 发电机 motor 电动机 stator (rotor) 定子(转子) armature 电枢 brush 电刷 commutator 换向器 salient-pole 凸极 slip ring 滑环 induction motor 感应电动机 magnetic flux 磁通 asynchronous machine 异步电机 synchronous generator 同步发电机 eddy current 涡流 EMF（electromotive force）电动势 counter EMF 反电势 torque 转矩 excitation 励磁 prime mover 原动机 rectifier 整流器 leakage flux 漏磁通 demagnetization 退磁，去磁 short-circuit ratio 短路比 converter (inverter) 换流器（逆变器） synchronous condenser 同步调相机 magnetization curve 磁化曲线 separately exciting 他励 compounded excited 复励 self-exciting 自励 series(shunt)-wound 串(并)励
《英语语言文学》专业硕士研究生培养方案 一级学科中文名称：外国语言文学 （0502） 一级学科英文名称：Foreign Languages and Literature 二级学科中文名称：英语语言文学 （050211） 二级学科英文名称：English Language and Literature 一、培养目标 “英语语言文学”专业培养的硕士学位研究生应当坚持德、智、体全面发展，达到以下要求： 1. 热爱祖国，热爱社会主义，拥护中国共产党的领导，具有坚定正确的政治方向和良好的道德品质，自觉遵纪守法。 2. 具有扎实的英语语言、文学及文化等专业理论基础，系统的专业知识和较强的实践能力。毕业后能够胜任本专业的教学、科研工作及其它涉外工作。 3. 全面系统地掌握专业基本理论和方法，熟悉本专业的前沿动态和发展，具有独立从事科研的能力。 二、学科、专业及研究方向简介 “英语语言文学”专业旨在提高研究生的文学理论水平和语言水平，为文研打下坚实的基础，不断积累文评知识，探索英美文学史发展的轨迹，认清主要的英美文学流派的基本特点，让学生在掌握有关英语语言和英美文学基础理论的同时也通晓英语国家的文化背景和社会概况。本学科现有三个主要的研究方向：英语语言研究方向、语言与文化研究方向和英语文学研究方向。 1. 英语语言研究方向：本研究方向重点是对当代英语语言和对作为语言底蕴的异文化的研究，试图在继承英美语言研究遗产的基础上，把语言研究放到语言所赖以生存的文化环境
中，将其加宽加深，使之向全方位和边缘学科发展。按这种模式培养出来的学生人文知识丰富，研究思路开阔，研究内容的时代感强，能在以后的工作中表现出很强的适应能力和研究潜力，也将有更深厚的从事语言研究的基础，并具备文科相关领域研究的条件。 2. 语言与文化研究方向：本方向所开设的课程特别重视文学背景的研究，包括人文、社会和历史背景，关注异文化人的思维模式和价值观念，提倡学生从多视角去研究文学和理解文学内涵，使本方向有更宽广的发展空间，也可以提高学生的研究兴趣。 3. 英语文学研究方向：本研究方向兼顾传统和现代文学批评理论，突出文艺批评观的开放性，重视比较研究，在教学和研究思路上有意识地兼容并蓄，形成一个自由、活跃的研究氛围。本方向所包含的研究范畴力求突出以下特点：（1）开设英语文学常规课程和专门类课程仍然是英语文学方向必不可少的也是不可替代的教学内容，这是确立该方向的主干要素。（2） 进一步拓展传统的文学范畴，开辟商业文学和交际文学的教学和研究领域，使文学的教学和研究更趋实用性。 三、培养方式及学习年限 按照《河南科技大学关于硕士研究生培养工作的规定》（河科大研[2006]5号文件）中的有关规定执行。采用导师负责制；课程学习和论文工作并重。学习年限为3年。 四、选课与学分要求 本专业研究生课程分学位课程和非学位课程，非学位课程包括必修课程和选修课程。课程学习的最低要求为29学分，其中学位课程至少17 学分（学位课=二外+政治+专业学位课+教学实践），非学位课程中必修课程12学分。本学科的主要课程设置与学分见附表。 五、学位论文工作要求 1．论文选题
英语议论文写作常用句型中英文对照模版 （一）段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying______. It’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是…… 。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays, it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______. 5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重 的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has
中英文对照外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 原文： Relay protection development present situation Abstract: Reviewed our country electrical power system relay protection technological development process, has outlined the microcomputer relay protection technology achievement, propose the future relay protection technological development tendency will be: Computerizes, networked, protects, the control, the survey, the data communication integration and the artificial intellectualization. Key word: relay protection, present situation development, future development 1 relay protection development present situation - 1 -
The electrical power system rapid development to the relay protection propose unceasingly the new request, the electronic technology, computer technology and the communication rapid development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor for the relay protection technology development, therefore, the relay protection technology is advantageous, has completed the development 4 historical stage in more than 40 years time. After the founding of the nation, our country relay protection discipline, the relay protection design, the relay manufacture industry and the relay protection technical team grows out of nothing, has passed through the path in about 10 years which advanced countries half century passes through. The 50's, our country engineers and technicians creatively absorption, the digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection equipment performance and the movement technology , completed to have the deep relay protection theory attainments and the rich movement experience relay protection technical team, and grew the instruction function to the national relay protection technical team's establishment. The relay factory introduction has digested at that time the overseas advanced relay manufacture technology, has established our country relay manufacturing industry. Thus our country has completed the relay protection research, the design, the manufacture, the movement and the teaching complete system in the 60's. This is a time which the mechanical and electrical relay protection prospers, was our countries relay protection technology development has laid the solid foundation. From the end of the 50's, the transistor relay protection was starting to study. In the 60's to the 80's，it is the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely used. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kV transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the protection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500kV line , finished the 500kV line protection to depend upon completely from the overseas import time. - 2 -
网易电力专业英语词汇(较全) 1）元件设备 三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans 双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans 电容器：Capacitor 并联电容器：shunt capacitor 电抗器：Reactor 母线：Busbar 输电线：TransmissionLine 发电厂：power plant 断路器：Breaker 刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator 分接头：tap 电动机：motor 2）状态参数 有功：active power 无功：reactive power 电流：current 容量：capacity 电压：voltage 档位：tap position 有功损耗：reactive loss 无功损耗：active loss 空载损耗：no-load loss 铁损：iron loss 铜损：copper loss 空载电流：no-load current 阻抗：impedance 正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance 无功负载：reactive load 或者QLoad 有功负载: active load PLoad 遥测：YC(telemetering) 遥信：YX 励磁电流(转子电流)：magnetizing current 定子：stator 功角：power-angle
上限:upper limit 下限：lower limit 并列的：apposable 高压: high voltage 低压：low voltage 中压：middle voltage 电力系统 power system 发电机 generator 励磁 excitation 励磁器 excitor 电压 voltage 电流 current 母线 bus 变压器 transformer 升压变压器 step-up transformer 高压侧 high side 输电系统 power transmission system 输电线 transmission line 固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation 稳定 stability 电压稳定 voltage stability 功角稳定 angle stability 暂态稳定 transient stability 电厂 power plant 能量输送 power transfer 交流 AC 装机容量 installed capacity 电网 power system 落点 drop point 开关站 switch station 双回同杆并架 double-circuit lines on the same tower 变电站 transformer substation 补偿度 degree of compensation 高抗 high voltage shunt reactor 无功补偿 reactive power compensation 故障 fault 调节 regulation 裕度 magin 三相故障 three phase fault 故障切除时间 fault clearing time 极限切除时间 critical clearing time 切机 generator triping
英语语言文学专业博士学位研究生培养方案 （专业代码：050201） 一、培养目标 培养能胜任高等院校和科研机构教学与研究的高层次英语语言文学专门人才。具体要求是：1．具有良好的道德品质和强烈的事业心，立志为祖国的外语教育事业服务，为对外开放和国际文化交流服务。 2．掌握语言学或英美文学教学与研究方面的基础理论、系统知识及科学研究方法，有较强的独立研究能力和创新能力。 二、研究方向 1．语用学 2．功能与认知语言学 3．英美文学与西方文论 三、修业年限 博士生修业年限为3-6年，最低修业年限为3年。生源为3年制硕士生的全日制博士生基本修业年限为3年；非全日制博士生或生源为2年制硕士生的博士生基本修业年限为4年；硕博连读研究生基本修业年限为5年。修完全部课程，达到答辩要求者，经指导小组审核同意后，可申请提前答辩，申请提前毕业的博士生修业年限不得少于3年。 四、培养方式 1．根据《东北师范大学关于建立实施博士学位研究生指导小组制度的规定》，采取博士生指导小组集体指导下的导师责任制的培养方式。导师是博士研究生培养的第一责任人，博士生指导小组成员协助指导，充分发挥博士生指导小组集体培养的作用。根据英语语言文学学科的特点成立两个博士研究生指导小组（语言学方向指导小组、英美文学方向指导小组）；每组由3-5人构成。 2．博士生培养以专题研究为主，课程学习为辅, 实行导师指定必读书目，导师联合分专题分段授课及聘请国内外专家来院授课等方式。 3．博士生入学1—2个月内，在导师的指导下制定个人研究和学习计划，确定研究方向和领域，并由博士生指导小组审查通过后报学院备案。 4．实施资格考试制度。博士生在修满规定学分后，由指导小组进行一次综合考核，考核内
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.
(SVC) static VAR compensator 静态无功补偿装置1 and 1/2 circuit breaker connection 1个半断路器接线3 cores cable 三芯电缆abnormal 异常 AC power source 交流电源 AC withstand voltage test 交流耐压试验accuracy 精度 ACSR (aluminum conductor steel reinfoced) 钢芯钻铰线active power 有功功率adjustable capacitor 可变电容器adjustable range 可调范围adjustable speed motor 调速电动机 air circuit breaker 空气断路器 air gap 气隙 aircraft obstruction lighting 航空障碍灯alarm bell 警铃 alarming window 报警窗口ampacity 载流量 ampere 安培 amplifier 放大器annunciator 报警器 anode 阳极
anode groundbed 阳极接地床 anti-corrosion 防腐蚀anticorrosive, dust-proof and water-resistant 三防灯具 lighting fixture anti-pumping device 防跳装置apparent power 视载功率 AQR (automatic reactive power regulator) 自动无功功率调整器arc suppression coil 消弧线圈 arc suppression resistor 灭弧电阻 arcing chamber 灭弧室 arcing contact 弧触头 arcing-extinguishing contact 灭弧触头 arcing-extinguishing contacts 灭弧触头 arc-suppression coil 消弧线圈armature 电枢 armature coil 电枢绕组armoured cable 铠装电缆 ASS (automatic synchronizing system) 自动同期系统asymmetrical impedance 不对称电抗asynchronous 非同期 automatic changeover 自动切换automatic control 自动控制
英语语言文学专业深度分析 一、学科概况 英语语言文学是外国语言文学下属的一个二级学科。英语是联合国工作语言之一，是世界上最通用的语言，也是我国学习人数最多的外语语种。英语语言文学是我国设置最早的外语专业之一。 英语语言学的发展趋势体现了语言学的发展趋势，具体表现为以下特点：由纯描写性研究转向以解释为目的的研究，由侧重英语本身特点的孤立研究转为侧重语言普遍性的比较研究，由侧重语言形式的研究转为形式和语义并重的研究，由对语言结构的研究扩展到对语言的习得、功能和应用的研究，由对英语的语音、词汇、语法、历史、方言等传统领域的研究发展到对英语的各个方面及相关领域的全面研究。目前英语语言学的主要分支学科包括音位学、形态学、句法学、文体学、历史语言学；语言学的其他主要分支学科，如语义学、语用学、话语分析、篇章语言学应用语言学、社会语言学、心理语言学等，也主要基于对英语的研究。 二、培养目标 应具有坚实的英语语言文学的基础理论和系统的专业知识，了解本学科的当前状况和发展趋势；具有严谨、求实的学风和独立从事科学研究工作的能力，学位论文应有新的见解；熟练掌握所学语言，第二外国语应具有一定的口、笔语能力及阅读与本专业有关书刊的能力；能熟练运用计算机和互联网络进行科研工作。 三、研究方向 研究范围包括语言学，文学，社会文化，翻译理论和实践等。 各个招生单位具体研究方向略有不同，以北京语言大学为例 01英国文学 02美国文学 03西方文论 04西方文化研究 05中西文学比较研究 四、考试科目 各个招生单位考试科目略有不同，以北京语言大学为例 ①101思想政治理论 ②242二外日语或243二外法语或244二外德语 ③722基础英语 ④824英美文学 五、课程设置 基础理论课: a．普通语言学：语言的本质、结构、功能、语言研究的对象、目的、方法，主要学派及其理论； b．西方文艺理论：从柏拉图到20世纪的西方文论； c．世界文学：东西方文学发展史及流派；
英语语言文学专业毕业论文题目大全 1 The Instructive Meaning of Inter-language Pragmatics for foreign Language Teaching 2 Pedagogical Translation and Translation Teaching 3 Fuzzy Words and Their Uses in Human Communication 4 Ambiguity and Puns in English 5 Some basic consideration of style 6 English by Newspaper 7 English Personal Pronouns: a Preliminary Textual Analysis 8 Thematic Network and Text Types 9 An Inquiry into Speech Act Theory 10 On Lexical Cohesion in Expository Writing 11 The Inferences of Conversational Implications 12 Context and Meaning 13 The Construction and Interpretation of Cohesion in Texts 14 The Instructive Meaning of Inter-language Pragmatics for foreign Language Teaching
15 Pedagogical Translation and Translation Teaching 16 The Importance of Cultural Authenticity in Teaching Materials 17 Micro-teaching and Student Teacher Training 18 How to Evaluate the Teacher Performance - A Case Study 19 English Test Design 20 The Interference of Native Language in English Writing or Translation 21 Translation Methods and English Teaching 22 Importance of Meaning Group in Translation 23 Language and Culture 24 Sexism in English Language 25 Cultural Differences of English and Chinese 27 Loanwords in English 28 Brand Names and Their Characteristics 30 Vagueness of the English Language 31 Characteristics of Humor 32 An Analysis of Language Features
英文论文写作常用的句型 1.xx 的特征在于: xx is characterized by… 2.xx 的2 个重要特征是：Two critical characteristics of xx are … 3.爱因斯坦指出xx 的特征如下：Einstein identified the following characteristics of xx… 4.Generally, … 一般来讲，原则上 … 千万不要用in principle，此原则非彼原 则也。 5.已经采用了：have adopted … 6.近年来：in recent years 7.over/during the past 10 years. 比如我们说SC 过去10 年间发展很快，用over，over 是一段时间的事儿；during 是事情发生在什么期间，有时间点的意思。 8.出于各种原因：for a variety of reasons 9.此外，另外：moreover, in addition 10.即： “…, namely …” 11.A 与B 的区别在于：A and B differ in the terms of … 12.谈及，关于：In terms of… 13.这些区别是因为：some of the difference stem from… 14.为了让：In order for xx to … 15.很大程度上依赖于rely heavily on … 16.基于… is based on… 17.不是…而是… not …, but rather … 18.这方面的例子有… “…, exemplified by …” 19.严格限制：impose the stringent restrictions on …; 受到这些限制：be subject to the restrictions. 20.产生这个问题的原因与… 有关：The problem arises in part from … [Tip]：多用although, however, while, moreover, in addition 这样的词儿，句子之间的逻辑关系显得很清楚，读paper 的人会觉得你的论文很清爽。
外语英语英文专业词汇术语翻译：电器篇（electric equipment/electric appliance）字体大小：大| 中| 小2008-11-01 17:05 - 阅读：157 - 评论：0 1 GB/T 998-198 2 低压电器基本试验方法Basic testing method of low voltage apparatus 2 GB/T 1003-1980 三相插头插座型式、基本参数与尺寸Types, basic parameters and dimensions of three phase plugs and sockets 3 GB 1444-1987 防爆灯具专用螺口式灯座Edison screw lampholders specially used for explosion-proof luminaires 4 GB/T 1497-198 5 低压电器基本标准The basic standard for low-voltage apparatus 5 GB 2099-1980 单相、三相插头插座技术条件Technical requirements for single-phase and three- phase plugs and sockets 6 GB/T 2900.18-1992 电工术语低压电器Electrotechnical terminology—Low voltage apparatus 7 GB/T 3783-1994 船用低压电器基本要求General specification for low-voltage apparatus in ships 8 GB/T 3797-1989 电控设备第二部分: 装有电子器件的电控设备Electric-driving controlgear—Part 2: Electric-driving controlgear incorporating electronic devices 9 GB 3836.1-1983 爆炸性环境用防爆电气设备通用要求Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres--General requirements 10 GB 3836.2-1983 爆炸性环境用防爆电气设备隔爆型电气设备"d" Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres--Flameproof electrical apparatus "d" 11 GB 3836.3-1983 爆炸性环境用防爆电气设备增安型电气设备"e" Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres--Increased safety electrical apparatus "e" 12 GB 3836.4-1983 爆炸性环境用防爆电气设备本质安全型电路和电气设备"i" Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres--Intrinsically safe circuits and electrical apparatus"i"
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型 英文摘要虽然不像公文文体那样程序化,但由于它在语法结构上有较强的倾向性,因此英文摘要许多句型模式出现的频率很高,熟练掌握这些常用句型模式,有助于提高英文摘要写作质量和速度,进而能保证其可读性。下面举一些有代表性和常用的句式供参考。 1)常用于摘要开头部分的有4类。 A. (In this paper,…) The results of A simple method for...cases of The...approach for An attempt to (do)... presented described (through…) is(are) reported (under...) discussed (along with...) analyzed 例如:The results of analyses carried out on the process waters generated during the hydrolysis of oil shale from Rundle, Australia via the Fischer assay retorting process are presented. 对用费希尔试料蒸馏法热解澳大利亚鲁德尔页岩所产生的工业废水提出了分析结果。 B. The chief aim purpose object objective the present study of this investigation the research these studies to obtain… to evaluate… is (was/has been/will be) to find out… to establish… to asses… 例如:The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and utility of tread ill exercise testing prior to the discharge of patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction. 研究旨在对因急性心肌梗塞住院的患者在出院前进行踏旋器运动试验的安全性与效用做出评价。
序号英文全称中文解释 1 A lagging power-factor 滞后的功率因数 2 A mutualky induced e.m.f 互感电动势 3 a retarding torque 制动转矩 4 Abnormal operating condition 不正常运行状态 5 Abnormal overload 异常过载 6 Abnormal overvoltage 事故过电压 7 Abnormal state 非常态 8 Above earth potential 对地电势 9 Abrupt signal analysis 突变信号分析 10 Absolute potential 绝对电势 11 AC circuit breaker 交流断路器 12 AC component 交流分量 13 AC directional over current relay 交流方向过流继电器 14 AC distribution system 交流配电系统 15 AC reclosing relay 交流重合闸继电器 16 Accelerating protection for switching onto fault 重合于故障线路加速保护动作 17 Acceleration Trend Relay(ATR) 加速趋势继电器 18 Accurate Working Current 精确工作电流 19 Accurate Working voltage 精确工作电压 20 Activate the breaker trip coil 起动断路器跳闸 21 Adaptive features 自适应特性 22 Adaptive relay protection 自适应继电保护 23 Adaptive relaying 自适应继电保护 24 Adaptive segregated directional current differential protection 自适应分相方向纵差保护 25 Admittance relays 导纳型继电保护装置 26 AI(artificial intelligence) 人工智能 27 Air brake switch 空气制动开关 28 Air breaker 空气断路器 29 Air-blast circuit breaker 空气灭弧断路器 30 Air-blast switch 空气吹弧开关 31 Air-space cable 空气绝缘电缆 32 Alarm 报警 33 Alarm relay 报警信号继电器 34 Alarm signal;alerting signal 报警信号 35 Alive 带电的 36 All-relay interlocking 全部继电连锁 37 All-relay selector 全继电式选择器 38 Amplitude Comparison 绝对值比较 39 Analogue 模拟 40 Angle of maximum sensitivity 最大灵敏角 41 Annunciator relay 信号继电器