大学英语四级听力选材
听力材料的选材原则一般基于以下三点：
?一. 对话部分为校园生活中的一般对话，句子结构和内容不太复杂.
?二. 短文部分的材料是题材熟、情节不太复杂的故事、讲话或叙述等.
?三. 所用词汇一般不超过教学大纲词汇表规定的范围.
四级听力内容与分值
?听力内容（35%）:
1. 短对话(Short conversation) （8%）
2. 长对话(Long conversation) (7%)
3. 短文(Passages) (10%)
4. 复合式听写(Compound dictation) (10%)
一．短对话部分：
该部分一般是日常生活中的对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、生活等话题，场景可分为校园、公共场所、家庭、办公室等方面。每题1分。
?问对话发生的地点和场所
?提问人物关系或身份
?计算类
?人物的计划或打算
?人物的感觉状态
?交通或交通工具
?请求或建议
?释义、替换或上下文
?人物的态度观点或考生从对话中获得的信息或结论
短对话题型：
1.弦外之音—―言外之意‖题型
2.妙语连珠—观点态度题型
3.虚虚实实—虚拟语气题型
4.咬文嚼字—理解归纳题型
5.多姿多彩—生活场景题型
6.怪声怪气—语气态度题型
1.弦外之音—“言外之意”题型
这类题型难度较高，对话中的回答人并不从正面回答问题，似乎答非所问。这就需要我们运用解题的逻辑思维与推理过程，也就是通常所说的―顺藤摸瓜‖方法来答题。此类题型中，一些句子的真实含义不是直截了当地摆在我们面前，而是我们根据对话中揭示的内容去寻找与其相关的其他事物以及它们之间的联系。可分为两类：陈述回答型和疑问回答型。1）陈述回答型
例：M: I need to find a dentist; you said you know Dr. Smith well, do you recommend her?
W: Well, I had to see her a few times, but what impressed me most was the magazines in her waiting room.
Q: What does the woman imply?
A) Dr. Smith’s waiting room isn’t tidy.
B) Dr. Smith enjoys reading magazines.
C) Dr. Smith has left a good impression on her.
D) Dr. Smith may not be a good choice.
言外之意：女的丝毫不提史密斯的医术如何，只说了一些无关紧要的琐事，无非是暗示她的医术很烂，故不愿意向男的推荐。
M：How does Nancy like the new dress she bought in Rome?
W：She said she would never have bought an Italian style dress if she had known Mary had already got such a dress.
Q：What do we learn from the conversation?
[A] Many has a keen eye for style.
[B] Nancy regrets buying the dress.
[C] Nancy and Mary went shopping together in Rome.
[D] Nancy and Mary like to follow the latest fashion.
2)疑问回答型
请掌握以下几种表达建议和表示反对的语句
表示建议：Why not...?
Why don’t you...?
Wouldn’t...？How about...?
表示反对：
Should...he/she/we/they...be doing...?
表示责怪：Shouldn’t...?
例：W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house.
M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too bad.
Q: What does the man imply?
A) The Edwards are quite well-off.
B) The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.
C) It’ll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.
D) It’s too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.
言外之意：用划线问句这个结构表示说话人的反对情绪。
M：Y ou are not going to do all those dishes before we leave, are you? If we don’t pick up George and Martha in 25 minutes we will never get to the theater on time.
W：Oh, didn’t I tell you, Martha called to say her daughter was ill and they could not go tonight.
Q：What is the woman probably going to do first?
[A] Wash the dishes. [B] Go to the theatre.
[C] Pick up George and Martha. [D] Take her daughter to hospital.
2.妙语连珠—观点态度题型
例：W: I am worried about Jenny going to college. College students are so wild nowadays.
M: Actually, only a few are like that. Most students are too busy studying to have time to cause trouble.
Q: What does the man imply?
A) He doesn’t want Jenny to g et into trouble.
B) He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.
C) He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.
D) He believes most college students are running wild.
分析：从男性说话中的actually一词可以听出他并不同意女性刚刚说的内容，他有自己的想法，类似的词语还有in fact，这也提醒我们，抓住短对话中的小词去揣摩说话人的态度也是非常关键的。
M: I just received an Email from one of my former classmates. I was surprised, I hadn’t heard from him for ages.
W: Well, I’ve been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line occasionally,
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) Only true friendship can last long.
B) Letter writing is going out of style.
C) She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.
D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends.
3.虚虚实实—虚拟语气题型
这属于一种隐性考法，用虚拟语气表达一种抱怨、后悔等情绪，主要体现虚拟语气的关键词有：if, if only, I only wish..., couldn’t have done something...without...等。
例：M: I wonder if you find my experience relevant to the job.
W: Yes, certainly, but if only you had sent in your application letter a week earlier.
Q: What does the woman imply?
A) The man is not suitable for the position.
B) The job has been given to someone else.
C) She had received only one application letter.
D) The application arrived a week earlier than expected.
M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?
W: I’d love to, but I’m exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class.
Q: Why does the woman decline the man’s invitation?
A) She wants to get some sleep
C) She has a literature class to attend
B) She needs time to write a paper
D) She is troubled by her sleep problem
4.咬文嚼字—理解归纳题型
这类题型难度颇高，关键在于后者说话当中的生词及细节较多，考生很难在短时间内完全把握对话的实质内容，能否答对就要看自己平时的积累。
例：M: Excuse me, Madam? Is the air-conditioning on? This room is getting as hot as a furnace.
W: Sorry, sir, a new epidemic (流行病) called SARS is threatening us right now. As a preventative measure (预防措施), we are told to let in fresh air by opening the windows and not to use air-conditioners.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) The temperature is not as high as the man claims.
B) The room will get cool if the man opens the windows.
C) She is following instructions not to use the air-conditioning.
D) She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all over town.
W: Y ou had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go?
M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager’s job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.
Q: What does the man imply?
A) He is confident he will get the job.
B) His chance of getting the job is slim.
C) It isn't easy to find a qualified sales manager.
D) The interview didn't go as well as he expected.
5.多姿多彩—生活场景题型
总体而言,常见的短对话场景大致可分为如下三种：
1.学生学习生活场景
2.健康生活场景
3.交通活动场景
学生学习生活场景
1）选修课难，要少选，但却有意思；
2）学生功课很忙，经常遇到阻碍，男生一般很紧张，女生却比较从容；
3）学生很喜欢―临时抱佛脚‖（尤其男生），女生往往站在教育者的角度教育男生；
4）经常询问同学论文的进展速度，也很关心别人对自己的论文怎么评价；
5）当谈到教授演讲或报告时，主要特点是内容难，跟不上，而且内容枯燥，速度快；6）同学互助一般为：帮助照看东西、帮忙通知信息、帮忙补课等
7）学生兼职一般做：助教、服务生、社会调查等；
8）宿舍里，同学听音乐、玩游戏，影响了自己正常学习，然后提出自己看法。
M: Shawn's been trying for months to find a job. But I wonder how he could get a job when he looks like that.
W: Oh, that poor guy! He really should shave himself every other day at least and put on something clean.
Q: What do we learn about Shawn?
A) He is careless about his appearance.
B) He is ashamed of his present condition.
C) He changes jobs frequently.
D) He shaves every other day.
M: Congratulations! I heard your baseball team is going to the Middle Atlantic Championship.
W: Yeah, we're all working real hard right now!
Q: What is the woman's team doing?
A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.
B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.
C) Collecting information about baseball games.
D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.
M: I’m really surprised you got an A on the test; you didn’t seem to have done a lot of reading. W: Now you know why I never missed the lecture.
Q: What contributes to the woman’s high score?
A) Attending every lecture.
B) Doing lots of homework.
C) Reading very extensively.
D) Using test-taking strategies.
健康生活场景
1）医生忙，要耐心
2）有病要尽早去治疗，否则要产生很多麻烦
3）吸烟对身体不好，要戒烟
4）看完病后要及时调养，不能马上做劳累的事情
M: Today is a bad day for me. I fell off a step and twisted my ankle.
W: Don’t worry, usually ankle injuries heal quickly if you stop regular activities for a while.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
A) Given his ankle a good rest.
B) Treat his injury immediately.
C) Continue his regular activities.
D) Be careful when climbing steps.
W: Do you hear Mr. Smith die in his sleep last night?
M: Y es, it’s very sad. Please let e verybody know that whoever wants to may attend the funeral.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
A) A tragic accident.
B) A sad occasion.
C) Smith’s unusual life story.
D) Smith’s sleeping problem.
交通活动场景
1）搭乘飞机旅行，首先要预定机票，经常会遇到预定完毕(be booked up), 因此只能推迟时间，有时因为无法到达机场，必须改机票（get ticket changed）。
2）经常因为天气原因（because of/due to the bad weather）或机械故障（mechanical problem）而导致航班延误，需要等待进一步消息或通知(further notice)。
3）步行是一种锻炼方式；骑自行车可以回避高峰，但车胎容易没气（flat tire）;乘巴士方便，但中途容易出故障（break down）；开车上班容易塞车(much traffic jam)；坐火车可以看风景（sightsee）,但火车上食物不好，因此经常选择自己带食物或提前吃。
4）出现交通意外的原因一般是超速或者是躲避不及。
W: I wish Jane would call when she know she'll be late. This is not the first time we've had to wait for her.
M: I agree. But she does have to drive through very heavy traffic to get here.
Q: What does the man imply?
A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.
B) Jane should have started a little earlier.
C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.
D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.
6.怪声怪气—语气态度题型
这类题型出现的不多，主要特征是：后者（即回答者）说话内容较短，考生需从说话人语气中把握其含义。
例：W: Shouldn’t someone go pick up the clothes from the laundry? They were ready three hours ago.
M: Don’t look at me, Mom.
Q: What does the boy mean?
A) He’s unwilling to fetch the laundry.
B) He has already picked up the laundry.
C) He will go before the laundry is closed.
D) He thinks his mother should get the clothes back.
分析：从男的说话语气看出他不愿意去。
特别提醒：
表示同意与肯定的常用语（特别注意那些跟表面意思相反的表达方法）
I can’t agree more. / I’ve never been to a better one.
Why no t? / I really can’t wait.
表示怀疑与否定的常用语（特别注意那些跟表面意思相反的表达方法）He is the last man that I think hard-working.
Well, I should have stayed at home.
It is at the tip of my tongue…
I wish I could, but I’m afraid that I’ve got to rush now.
Well, easier said than done.
二. 长对话
听力长对话（Long Conversations）的长度一般在6-20句之间，字数在120-250字之间。针对每篇长对话的问题可能会有2-5个。与短对话相比，长对话涉及的内容更深入，人物态
度，语气，情感变化更复杂，一般不能简单依赖某个关键词来判断整篇对话的含义。一人一句的短对话涉及的只是一个―点‖，而长对话涉及的是一个―面‖。
对于听力长对话,考生应始终牢记:不要奢望将其内容一字不落地完全听懂并且记住。因为即使在日常生活中用母语对话,这也几乎是不可能的,同时也是不必要的。在日常生活中,我们只要掌握自己关心的信息,而在听力考试中,我们则要抓住关键的命题点。以下为分析听力长对话的应试策略。
一.找出中心思想
短对话的答案一般是―显而易见‖的，而长对话有时更依赖于推断和判断。尽管如此，长对话必然有一个中心议题，中心议题正是该―面‖的凝聚点，对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开话题，对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的中心思想。
二.听前预测
听前预测对于听力长对话非常重要。放音间隔的时间应尽可能留作预测之用。若想有效使用这短短几十秒的放音间隔时间,需把握以下两个原则：
一）先纵后横
所谓―先纵‖，就是首先通读每篇后的3-4个小题，找出关键词，前后联系，预测全篇大致主题。
所谓―后横‖，就是在仍有时间的情况下，通看各题选项，看看是否存在生词，总结长句的核心意思，以此预测考点和可能的答案。
两步预测都要注意随时做出标注,划出关键词或简写长句的大意,因为单凭记忆在―高压‖的听力考试中是万万靠不住的。
（二）分清主次
与生活中的情形相似,双方对话的时候常有主次之分,如:一方询问,另一方作答时,关键信息多出现在作答一方,考点自然也就多出于此。分清对话双方的主次对于我们预测考点出现的位置很重要,方法也简单易行
三.听时抓―点‖
有了充分的听前预测,听时的主要任务就是抓住考点,且掌握如下两个原则:
（一）考点均匀分布,易出现在话轮转换处
首先,长对话后设的3-4个小题一般均匀地分布在对话的每个回合,极少出现某一个回合包含两个考点的情况。这样,我们在一个对话回合中找到一个考点后,剩余的部分就可不做详听,让紧张的神经稍做放松,有利于将精力集中于下面的考点。
其次,考点的位置多是话轮转换的时候。具体的说,就是对话一方某段发言的开头和结尾部分,这也完全符合西方人的思维习惯,即在发言伊始多是开门见山,而在发言结尾处又总括强调。（二）重复率较高的词或短语多成为考点
对话的主要内容理所当然会得到说话人的强调,而一个非常重要且明显的强调方式就是重复,故重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题。
由于对话较多，长对话的场景就显得格外重要，准确判断对话的场景（situation），对把握对话的中心思想是非常有帮助的。这里所谈到的场景，是指人物，身份或职业，议论的问题，时间，地点等等的综合概念。清晰的场景会在考生头脑中形成氛围，容易把握对话的发展脉络，使对话情节的发展更加顺理成章。
下面是对长对话经常涉及到的几种情况做了归类，主要分成三大类：学习相关类，生活相
关类和工作相关类。
顾名思义，学习相关类与学习有密切联系，比如：选课，考试，论文等；
生活相关类主要涉及到家庭，校院生活，娱乐，运动等；生活相关类多是找工作，面试等题材。下面列举几个常用典型场景的题型。
II. 学习相关类
学习相关类往往是长对话的重点。内容粗略可分为教务场景，选课场景，补课场景和论文场景等。
（1）教务场景
场景人物：由教师（导师）或学监等教务人员向学生说明一些学校课程的安排情况。
场景涉及内容：学期计划，调课信息，考试安排，课程介绍等。
解题思路：教务人员总是细致地描述各项事务的细节问题，时间，地点，计划推迟或变更的原因往往是考查的重点。
经常出现的问题和答案
Q: Who is the speaker?
A: teacher, professor, instructor, advisor
Q: When does the talk take place?
A: at the beginning (in the middle, at the end of the semester)
Q: Where does the talk take place?
A: classroom, lecture hall
Q: What is the topic?
A: changes in the schedule, the schedule of this semester, exam schedule, information about an course
常用的词汇和词组：midterm, finals, count for 50% of your score, class discussion, seminar（讨论会，研讨会）, workshop(讲习班), take attendance(点名), elementary, intermediate, advanced 等。
（2）选课场景
场景人物：师生之间或学生之间谈论选课的话题
场景涉及的内容：学生是否有资格选某一门课，对于老师的谈论，课程的难易程度，选某一门课的好处和坏处。
解题思路：学生觉得课程太难，负荷太重。
常用的词汇和词组：required, compulsory（强制的，义务的）, elective, selective, optional, course, description, catalog, bulletin（公告，告示）, prerequisite course(预修课程), preliminary course(预备课程), such a heavy load, excellent reputation, drop a course (退修课程) 等。
（3）补课场景
场景人物：同学之间补课。
场景涉及的内容：通常是某学生因为某些原因迟到或旷课了，事后找另一个同学补课，所以必会牵扯到专业内容。
常用的词汇和词组：fill sb. in (暂代某人),
Y ou’ve really l ost me there(你真的让我糊涂了), make sense, miss a pretty important class, clarify the misunderstanding, check the notes等。
（4）论文场景
场景人物：教授与学生，或者学生之间进行讨论。
场景涉及的内容：讨论论文写作的相关事宜，比如：论文题目，查找资料等等。
解题思路：论文的题目难以确定，资料太难找（题目太偏，查不到资料；题目太大，要查的资料太多，太杂）。
常用的词汇和词组：explore the topic, published resources, bibliography / reference, intellectual dishonesty, plagiarism(剽窃), get an early start, gather materials等。
1．申请学校
apply for 申请
business degree 商学院学位
pay your own way 自己支付各种费用
2．选修课程
选好学校之后，就是选修课程了。一年选多少课程是一个合适的量呢？在大学英语四级里，往往女孩子会倾向多选课程，结果使自己非常疲惫。当她向男生抱怨的时候，男生就会像先知一样说―我早就和你说过不要选那么多课嘛。‖
必备词汇表
semester 学期（美国英语）biology 生物学
term 学期（英国英语）registration 注册
course 课程class permit 听课证
optional course 选修课literature class 文学课
3．听课
professor 教授briefing 简报
lecturer 讲师barely stay awake 几乎不能保持清醒
complicated 复杂extra copies 多余的篇子
informative 信息量大presentation 陈述，解释，示范
mission 任务，使命
4．演说
nervous 紧张的contest 比赛
calm 平静的contestant 参赛选手
a large audience 一大群观众talk of the town 谈论的焦点
shaking all over 浑身发抖not a big deal 不是什么大不了的事情
beyond me 超出我的理解范围
5．阅读
reading assignment 阅读任务selectively 有选择地
chapter by chapter 一章一章地theory 理论
read through 从头到尾地读plot 情节
cover a few chapters 涉及了几个章节intensively 精细地
character 人物角色
6．写文章
typing errors 打字错误revise 修订
quality paper 好纸get it published 出版
proofread 校对paragraph 段落
7．考试
final exam 期末考试fail 不及格，失败
mid-term 期中考试results (pl.) 分数
stay up 熬夜release 发布（分数）
two sleepless nights 两天两夜没睡觉be through with 结束，完成
III. 生活相关类
包括体育场景，娱乐场景，租房场景等。
（1）体育场景
场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员一起出去郊游。
场景涉及的内容：往往是一些热门的运动，如cycling, rock climbing, skiing.
解题思路：目的不在于比赛，而是好玩，健身，交友。一些运动，如cycling，往往是以team, club或association的形式存在的。
常用的词汇和词组：ski, boots, pole, outdoors, get in great shape, ensure the safety, first aid(急救), check the trails, physical education, belts, patience, mental discipline, expert riders, starting line, relay station等。
（2）娱乐场景
场景人物：同学，朋友或家庭成员。
场景涉及的内容：包括郊游，参加运动，听音乐会，谈论玩的计划等。
解题思路：一般说到娱乐，常见的项目有go on a picnic, hiking trip（远足）, camping trip, go to a concert, see a movie, play the ball, ski, traveling等。
常见的词汇和词组：enjoy, good day, take a break, relax, reserve a court(预定一个球场), a night-out, fair weather等。
（3）租房场景
场景人物：房东，住户
场景涉及的内容：和房东的相处甚至讨价还价。对房子的评价，包括价格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的过程。
解题思路：学生一般倾向于找价格低的房子，所以房子的条件一般比较差，经常会出一些毛病；由于房子紧张，找房子，租房子的过程往往很不容易。
常用的词汇和词组：roommate, dormitory, deposit（定金，首付）, live on, off campus, utilities （公用事业）, heating costs, temporary accommodation, landlord, landlady, apartment, sublet（转租，分租）, dishwasher（洗碗机）, messy, a leaky faucet(漏水的水龙头), tenant（房客，租户）, afford等。
1．看戏
Global theatre 环球剧院drama 戏剧
Grand theatre 大剧院impressive 令人印象深刻的
too dramatic to be true 太假了audience 观众
play the boss 扮演老板out of the way 太远了
the greatest hit 大片 a long queue 长队
appreciate 欣赏sold out 卖完了
2．体育活动
basketball season 篮球赛季tennis 网球
camping 野营badminton 羽毛球
jogging 慢跑performance 表现
fishing 钓鱼keep fit 保持健康
3．旅游
scenery 风景Greek style 希腊风格
lawn 草地museum 博物馆
column 柱子statue 塑像
（四）购物
1．采购衣服
size 型号come in all sizes 号全
2．采购电器
model 款discount 折扣
latest technology 最新的科技reduce 减少
（五）吃饭
1．评点餐馆
Italian restaurant 意大利餐馆popular 受人喜爱的
environment 环境crowded 拥挤的
2．饮食健康
on diet 节食dessert 甜点
contain 含有salad 沙拉
steak 牛排
（六）居住
1．电话询问租房信息
inquire about 询问furnished （公寓）带家具的apartment 公寓（美国英语）double-bedroom 两室的
flat 公寓（英国英语）
2．买房
brochure 册子house developer 房产开发商
（七）交通
1．飞机
flight 航班wait for further notice 等候进一步通知gate 登机口seat belt 安全带
minor mechanical errors 轻微的机械故障 terminal 候机大厅
sign 标志
2．小汽车
parking lot 停车场maintain 保养
break down 抛锚garage 修车场
scratches 刮蹭highway 高速公路
single lane 单行道No-parking sign 禁止停车标志
（八）疾病
a cold 感冒dizzy 头晕
a fever 发烧exhausted 筋疲力尽的
have the ankle twisted 扭到脚踝appetite 胃口
high blood pressure 高血压blood vessel 血管
（九）天气
cloud over 天阴起来sweat 出汗
clear up 天晴起来swing 不稳定,极端
weather forecast 天气预报coupled with strong wind 伴有强风
freezing 非常冷
IV. 工作相关类
（1）应聘（面试）场景
常景人物：聘方人员和应聘者。
场景涉及的内容：对于某种工作的态度和评价，应聘该工作的条件，如何办理相关手续，工资待遇和工作环境，工作时间等。
解题思路：应聘者介绍自己的情况，如：教育背景，特长等，聘方人员一般要介绍工作的性质，工资待遇以及上下班时间。
常用的词汇和词组：teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant, administrative assistant, waiter, waitress, nanny/babysitter（保姆）, dishwashing（洗洁精）, formalities（正式手续）, application procedure, reference, salary, wage, demand physical endurance, precareer training(岗前培训), permanent employment, stipend（助学金）, bonus（奖金）, part-time job等。（二）工作
1．面试
interview面试finance 金融
suit 西装accounting 会计
tie 领带brush up on 温习，复习
resume 简历working experience 工作经历
hand in 上交travel 出差
annual vacation 年假
2．收发邮件
email 邮件attachment 附件
log in 登录forward the mail to 把邮件转发给
log off 登出
3．开会和约会
appointment 约会move on to 继续
confirm 确认the next item 下一个议题
cancel 取消presentation 陈述，解释，示范
come in one’s place 代表某人来replace 取代
on behalf of 代表
长对话的应试技巧
1）预读选项
a.注意重复的词语
b.注意各个选项中的不同点
2）排除明显错误的选项
3）把握做题的节奏
4）提高短期记忆能力，学会脑笔同记
5）熟悉各种固定的提问形式
三．短文部分
大学英语四级考试中的听力短文理解主要测试考生接受明示信息、捕捉重要信息、理解隐含信息、辨认细节、判断事实及归纳总结中心大意的能力。短文篇幅较长、信息量大、题材广泛,而且语音信息传递具有瞬时性,因此,听力短文理解对考生的语言感知能力、逻辑思维能力和短时记忆能力都是一个挑战。本期我们将探讨听力短文的设题特点以及相关的解题技巧,以帮助考生提高听力短文理解的应试能力。
一）听力短文的设题特点及基本解题思路
在大学英语四级考试中,听力短文的题型分为细节类、综合推断类、主旨类以及观点态度类四种。从近几年的考题看,细节类问题占的比例最大,综合推断类问题比例次之,主旨类问题比例再次之,而观点态度类问题比例最小。题型不同,题目所考查的侧重点和解题思路也各不相同。
1.细节类
此类问题主要考查考生是否听到文章中的具体细节并理解其确切含义。所考查的细节包括具体的时间、地点、主要人物、事件、各种数字等,问题形式一般为wh-question。
考生可以通过预览选项、锁定关键词来预测答案的出现点,同时要把握好因果连词和转折连词,因为其后面的内容往往就是细节题的考点。细节题一般分为两类:一是对原文中细节的辨识；二是对原文中关键词或短语的同义替换。
现以2008年6月四级真题中Passage Three的第32题为例:
32. What do we learn about the greenhouse?
A) It was located in a park.
B) Its owner died of a heart attack.
C) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.
D) Its potted plants were for lease only.
答案:B)。
此题考查对原文Just as suddenly, the owner of the greenhouse where I worked as manager died of a heart attack的细节辨识。再如:
33. What was the speaker doing when the customer walked in one morning?
A) Planting some trees in the greenhouse.
B) Writing a want ad to a local newspaper.
C) Putting up a "Going out of Business" sign.
D) Helping a customer select some purchases.
答案:C)。
此题是对原文... as I was hanging out" Going out of Business" sign at the greenhouse, the door opened and in walked a customer中hanging out 的同义替换短语putting up的考查。
2.综合推断类
此类问题考查考生对短文大意或者某个细节的引申含义的理解,综合推断类题目的表现形式通常有:
What can be inferred from the passage?
What does the speaker think about ...?
What is the speaker most concerned about?
How does the writer feel about ...?
解决这类问题的关键是在理解文章大意的基础上抓住相关线索,找到上下文之间的联系,并运用逻辑推理锁定答案。注意:与短文内容一样的是事实而非推断,而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是自己的观点来推断。
现以2007年12月四级真题中Passage Two的第32题为例:
32. What does the comment by employees of The Washington Post suggest？
A) People came to see the role of women in the business world.
B) Katherine played a major part in reshaping Americans’ minds.
C) American media would be quite different without Katherine.
D) Katherine had exerted an important influence on the world.
答案:D)。
本题是对文章结尾处对于Katherine评价的推论性考查。事实上,考生不一定对文章结尾的评价有清晰的理解,但是之前的信息恰恰和题干吻合:... Her friends said she would be remembered as a woman who had an important influence on events in the United States and the world。这里的had an ... influence on与选项D)中的had exerted an ... influence on一致。在做此类题时,一定要立足文章内容,切忌选择自我感觉良好的推论性结论——选项C)无疑是一个较强的干扰项。
3.主旨类
此类问题主要测试考生对文章的主题思想或主旨大意的理解,一般出现在短文的第一题或最后一题,形式相对固定,一般有以下几种提问方式:
What is the main idea of the passage?
What can we learn from this passage?
What is the best title for this passage?
What is the passage mainly about?
What is the speaker talking about?
从解题的角度讲,针对主旨类问题的特点,考生在考试过程中应把握好听力材料的开头和结尾,同时把握高频词和高频句。注意:提出文章主旨时,常伴有提示性词或短语,如therefore, thus, but, however, in short等。对于这类问题,建议考生在平时练习任何一篇听力材料的时候,首先要问自己:这篇文章主要讲什么？然后用一句话来概括文章的大意。只有这样,才能从根本上得到提高。
现以2008年6月四级真题中Passage Two的第31题为例:
31. What message does the speaker want to convey in this talk?
A) Love is blind.
B) Love breeds love.
C) Divorce often has disastrous consequences.
D) Happiness is hard to find in blended families.
答案:B)。
本题的问题和选项均表明是考查文章的主旨。文章开头句Loving a child is a circular business,点明本文的主题是关于"爱"。作者讲述了其继母凭借一颗爱心,通过行动影响到家庭成员间的关系,尤其是使父亲与孩子们的关系更加亲密。由此可知,Love breeds love(爱生爱)为本文的主题。
4.观点态度类
此类问题是对短文综合性理解能力的测试,答案一般无法从短文中直接听到,需要一定的逻辑分析能力。观点态度类题目的表现形式通常有:
What’s the speaker’s attitude towards ...?
What is the speaker’s opinion about...?
What did the author think of ...?
做这类题时,要注意文章中表示观点态度的措辞,常见的有:positive, supportive, negative, critical, indifferent, unconcerned, neutral等,并在听录音时特别留心fortunately, luckily, unfortunately等具有感情色彩的、可以反映出speaker态度的词和文中出现的转折词,这些往往就是表明speaker态度的线索。
二）听力短文的解题技巧
结合听力短文的题型和设题特点,我们可总结出如下解题技巧:
1.调整心理状态
良好的心理状态是考生应该具备的基本心理素质。在听力练习以及正式的考试中都必须遵循的一点就是放松心情,但要使听觉系统紧张起来。此外,要做到顺其自然,不要怕漏听一些非关键部分,如介词、连词、冠词等,也不要去想某个没听到或不熟悉的单词,否则会漏听更多内容。
2.浏览选项,预测短文内容
充分抓住播放考试指令的时间,速读选项,预测内容。通过速读选项,明确题目所涉及的内容,掌握其大意,然后再有针对性地去听材料中提供的信息,从而迅速找出有效词句进行判断。
3.手、眼、脑并用,记录关键信息
播放短文录音期间要听记兼顾,以听为主。考生应该把获取的主要信息有选择性地记录下来,特别是有关细节。怎样记? 一定要速记、简记、记要点、记关键词。简单到什么程度？只要自己能看懂、能为做题服务就足够了；记的要点包括中心思想、主要人物、主要情节、有关的时间、地点、数字(要准确)等。需要特别注意的是,这时"听"应该放在第一位,千万不要因为记录前面的信息而漏听后面的内容。
4.把握基本原则,突破难点
根据听力短文题目的设题特点,我们总结出几条最常用的原则,即"按顺序答题原则"、"重视首末句原则"和"把握连接词原则"。
首先,考生要按照题目的顺序答题,题目出现的顺序即为听力材料的基本逻辑顺序；
其次,材料的首末句对于主题往往起到提示和概括作用,考生要给予充分重视；
第三,转折连词、因果连词后面的内容是出题人经常选择的设题点,因此,连接词也是考生寻找问题答案的线索。
这些基本原则可以帮助考生迅速突破听力短文的难点。
5.认真检查核对,避免失误
完成听力答题后,要根据记录,认真检查核对答案,以避免由于粗心大意而造成的拼写等不必要的失误。但考生如果没有充分的笔录信息,不要修改当时选出的答案；由于听力具有瞬时性的特点,回忆起来的信息的可靠性是要打折扣的。
最后需要说明的是,把握设题特点和解题技巧固然重要,但这些都是"应急"措施,平时掌握扎实的基础知识,练就基本技能才是解题之根本。
四. 复合式听写(重点难点是句子听写)
复合式听写技巧
CET-4新题型增加了听力的比重，其中复合式听写成为固定题型。它要求学生在了解所听文章概貌的基础上，在前七个空中填入确切的单词,在后三个空中或用所听到的内容或用自己总结的观点填空。这比听力选择题更强调了语言的综合运用能力。因为它要求学生不仅―能听‖，还得―会写‖。尤其是第二部分对句子听写的要求，别看只有三个空，却占6.5的大分值(复合式听写共10分)。大多数学生对前面单词的听写还能应付，而在短时间内完成三句复杂句式的听写却并非易事。也许一两个单词还没有写完，一句话就已经说完了。不但所听内容记不下来，反而分散精力，影响后面听的效果。因此，掌握复合式听写中长句的记录技巧就显得尤为重要，具体说来就是要学会边听边记, 边总结边记。
一、利用缩略语、简单符号、有代表性的字母以及重要的字词相结合来记录句子。
边听边记并不是听到什么就写什么，而是利用缩略语、简单符号、有代表性的字母以及重要的字词相结合，来记录和存储信息。之后, 再利用这些简易的信息来帮助回忆和整理句子。这些缩略语、简单符号、有代表性的字母以及重要的字词，只要学生本人明白即可。例如, 用vs.代表versus, eg. 代表for example, for instance, sth. 代表something；用第一个大写字母代表国家(French写成F, China写成C)；用阿拉伯数字代表星期、年、月、日等等。这些符号、缩写不一定规范，所表达的内容不一定完整，只要能起到提示的作用，学生自己能够看懂就行。边听边记的过程中要注意两点：一是速度要快，二是表义要清楚明确。
以CET-4试点考试样卷45句为例：
But currently, nations producing only 44percent have approved the Protocol. Russia produces about 17percent of the world’s green-house gases. 可以把44percent, 17percent写成44%，17%；Russia用R代表；approved写成app, Protocol写成Pro等等。
二、有选择地记下关键词, 提高记录效率
由于复合式听写第二部分的要求是用所听到的确切内容或用自己总结的观点来填空。学生完全记录下来所听内容的可能性很小，因此可以用自己总结的观点来填空，这就要求有选择地记录内容，学会边总结边记。在听写过程中,具有表意功能的实词是记录的重点，例如名词、代词、动词、形容词、数词等。而一些可有可无的虚词，如介词、副词、连词
等则可以省略不记。在记录过程中也要注意巧妙地运用所学知识，提高记录效率。如:
1. 用代词替换拼写复杂的名词，尤其是人称、地点、专有名词等。
记录过程中一些拼写复杂的人称名词、地点、专有名词等，可以用代词来取代。例如,Christopher可以写成he, Elizabeth写成she, 而Alexandra and Marian 则可以用they表示。在2004年6月四级考试复合式听写中第八空，Mr.Jefferson’s collection included 7,000 books in seven languages. 完全可以写成His collection inc luded 7,000 books in 7 languages.
2. 用拼写相对简单的同义词代替拼写复杂的单词及词组。
复杂的单词及词组拼写起来不仅耗费时间,而且容易拼错，例如把environment写成enviro-ment，把opportunity写成oportunity。在考试中学生可以用拼写相对简单的同义词代替拼写复杂的单词及词组，比如immediately可以转化为at once, opportunity可以用chance 取代；用admit代替acknowledge。同样，用focus on代替concentrate on, 用make use of 代替take advantage of等等。
例如，Physical activity is beneficial to the brain in the same way that mental activity is to it.
这句话中的is beneficial to可以用is good to代替，而in the same way that则可以用as 代替,写成：Physical activity is good to the brain as mental activity is to it. 这样既可以节省拼写时间,又最大限度地降低了出错率，同时又不影响答题效果，何乐而不为呢？
3.转换句式，删减不必要的修饰成分
在复合式听写过程中，学生可以在保持句子含义不变的情况下，适当改变句子结构，将长句子变短，复杂句变简，难句子变容易。而句子中的一些不影响句意的定语、状语修饰成分也可以省略，尽可能的记录主要内容。
1. 将被动句转化为主动句
英文中被动句的使用十分频繁, 而学生更习惯用主动句, 这时不妨将被动句式转化为主动句式，使对句子的理解和记录更方便、易写。
例如：Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed.
记录时可以将句中的被动语态转化为主动语态，再结合前面提到的词汇替换法、省略法,就可以将此句写成：We have settled most of the questions satisfactorily, only left a few minor questions.
再如，It has to be pointed out that one and the same word may have different meaning in different branches of science and technique.
可以写成：We should point out that...
2. 将直接引语转化为间接引语
为了尽量节省时间，提高听写效率，在听写过程中可以将直接引语转化为间接引语。
例如：He said,―Well, yes, if we can’t save enough money for our trip to Switzerland, we’ll have to relinquish our plan.‖结合前面提到的记录技巧，可以将此句话简化成：He agreed that without enough money, they would give up their trip.
3. 将倒装句还原
因为句子结构的特殊性，倒装句无疑更增加了句子听写的难度。学生可以将不熟悉的倒装句还原成正常语序，降低记录难度。
例如: So well did the students do their work that they fulfilled the plan ahead of schedule.
可以写成：The students did their work so well that they fulfilled their plan in advance.
4. 省略不必要的修饰成分
在尽量保持句子主要含义的情况下，删减句子中的一些不影响句意的修饰成分，记录主要内容, 即抓住句子的主干，删去其枝叶。
例如, The task was a little too difficult for the 10-year-old boy to finish on his own.
这句话在记录时可以省略定语修饰成分a little too, 10-year-old,直接写成: The task was difficult for a boy to finish on his own.
再如, Alice wasn’t aware how hard it was for her mother to have brought up h er sister and her on her own until she had a baby of her own.
句中的强调成分how hard it was, 副词词组on her own以及定语of her own都可以省略。将句子改写成: She wasn’t aware of the hardship for her mother to bring up her sister and her until she had a baby herself.
总之，复合式长句的听写过程是所学知识综合运用的过程，要灵活运用所学知识及技巧，简洁明了地概括所听内容的要点，将内容要点与语言表达有效地结合起来，这样才能既快又准确地记录所听内容，获得理想的答题效果。
重点场景词汇
四六级听力的短对话和长对话部分，其话题范围是以校园生活（campus life）为主题，主要是学习打工，衣食住行，英语是模式化的语言，固定场景只会用固定词汇，分场景总结记忆，一定会在这次的考试中，听到熟悉的表达。
1.学习选课场景: Optional course 选修课， Required course 必修课，Day course 白天的课，Evening course 晚上的课, 科目或专业：mathematic 数学，history 历史， chemistry 化学，Literature 文学，Final exam 期终考试， middle exam 期中考试，make up 补考，test测验，pop test 事先没有说好的测验，quiz 小测验，oral test 口试drawing near考试临近, 考试延期或取消delay / be off / hold up / postpone / put off /public school 公立学校，private school 私立学校，religious school 教会学校, 学校中的人：president 校长，dean 院长，professor 教授，lecturer 讲师, coordinator 管理员，doctor 博士， master 硕士，bachelor 学士，freshman 大一新生，sophomore 大二学生，junior 大三学生， senior 大四学生, have a lecture 上课, cut a class 逃课， miss a class 错过了课，scholarship 荣誉奖学金，assistantship 助教奖学金, teaching assistant 助教， research assistant 助研
2.图书馆场景: 借书lend / borrow / check out，参考书reference book，续借renew ，过期overdue，还书return，罚金fine，书库stack，图书管理员librarian,期刊阅览室periodical room，参考阅览室reference room，现刊current issue，过刊back issue,检索Index，主题subject，作者author，已借出on loan/ in circulation
3.交通运输场景: fare 车票，license 驾照， rush hours 高峰时间， traffic jam 交通堵塞, overtake 超车，one way street 单行道，over speed 超速, ticket 罚单 express way 高速公路 police officer 交警, 交通工具（出现频率从高到低）plane / train / bus / bike / walk / taxi, tunnel / channel 隧道, ring road 环线, subway（美）/ underground （英）地铁, metro 地道，overhead 轻轨，flyover 人行天桥, Used car 旧车，afford买的起， Give sb a ride搭车, Taxi/cab出租车， break down抛锚，flat tire暴胎, rush hour 高峰期， traffic jam堵车，car accident事故, fix/repair修理，garage 修车场，damage损害, dead 报废，survive 活下来，minor injury 轻伤
4.电话场景: mobile phone 手机， pay phone 公用电话, telephone box/booth 电话亭, yellow page 黄页，extension 分机，dial/ press（拨/按电话号码）, operator 总机，put through 接通，wrong number记错号码, hold on 不要挂断,take / leave a message 留言， hang up / get off 挂断, answering machine自动答录机，collect call 对方付费电话 , long-distance call 长途电话,overseas call 越洋电话，mobile / cell phone 手机give sb a call / ring 给某人打电话,the line is busy / engaged 占线
5.机场场景: plane 飞机，book 订票, timetable 时间表，destination 目的地, safe landing 安全着陆,board 登机，take off 起飞，departure 离港, safety / sect belt 安全带， land 着陆，arrival 进港，pick up 接机, security check 安检, see off 送行，keep in touch 保持联系, one way ticket 单程票，round trip ticket 来回票，non-stop / direct flight 直航 , boarding card 登机牌, transfer / lay over / stop over 转机，first / business / economy cabin 头等/ 商务/ 经济舱, confirm the flight 确认航班，check in 登记，
6.打工场景:job vacancy 有空缺职位，letter of application 求职信，resume 简历resume包括：basic / personal info. 基本信息/个人资料，academic background 教育背景,work experience 工作经验， certificates证书interview 面试，offer 聘用信，work overtime 加班，ask for a raise 加钱, wage 周薪， salary 日薪， bonus奖金， allowance 津贴，annual income 年收入， promotion 升职，fire 解雇，工作职位post / position, resign work / job / career / course辞职，vacation 休假，sick leave 病假，rest 休息，break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息, coffee break away 离开一会
7.租房场景:live on campus 住校, live off campus 住校外，apartment公寓，dorm宿舍for sale 可销售的房子，for rent / lease 可出租的房子, accommodation 住宿, rent 租金， utilities 水电费，location 位置，suburb / downtown 市郊/ 市中心, condition 住房条件，furnished 配家具，unfurnished 无装修，leaking 漏水,blackout 断电， environment 环境，transportation 交通，land lord 房东, tenant 房客，roommate 室友，好的室友要求：neat 整洁的considerate 体贴的，不好的室友：messy 脏乱的,noisy 吵闹的,同学相处高频词汇：active and sociable积极的，乐于交际的，talkative能说会道的，just the opposite恰恰相反，have a lot on her mind有很多共同点,has a very bad temper脾气坏， in a bad mood心情不好，get along well with相处很好，compatible能相容的hit it off 一开始就相处很好，keep it to oneself 闷在心里
8.医院场景:see a doctor 去医院看医生，health center / clinic 卫生所/ 门诊部physician 内科医生，surgeon 外科医生，dentist 牙医, medical result 诊断结果make an appointment 预约，emergency 急诊，check up / exam 检查，cold感冒，flu 流感，headache 头痛， sore throat嗓子痛，fever发烧toothache牙疼， stomachache胃疼， prescribe 开药方，抓药fill the prescription, pill / tablet 药片，injection / shot 注射，operation 手术，take two of these pills three times a day一日三次，一次两片
9.宾馆场景:make a reservation预订房间，confirm a reservation 确认预订，cancel a reservation 取消预订，fully booked / full up / full 客满, porter 行旅员，reception 前台，check in 登记入住check out 退房，single room 单人房， double room 一张大床的双人房twin room 两张单人床的双人房，suite 套房，bathroom卫生间toilet / restroom 厕所，room service 客房服务,tips 小费lounge 男士用休息区， lobby 大堂，business center 商务中心salon 美容厅， room service 客房服务部，ball 舞厅，bar 酒吧
10.邮局场景：post /send 寄, letter/mail 信, registered mail 挂号信，regular mail 平信，stamp 邮票, airmail 航空信，parcel / package 包裹，telegram / cable 电报，rate 费率，postage 邮资, overweight 超重， email 电子邮件， reply 回复， forward 转发, cc （carbon copy），抄送bcc（blind carbon copy）， subject 主题，attach 附件
（四）真题演练
Test 1
11. A) Read the notice on the window.
B) Go and ask the staff.
C) Get a new bus schedule.
D) Board the bus to Cleveland.
12. A) He was looking forward to seeing the giraffes.
B) He enjoyed watching the animal performance.
C) He got home too late to see the TV special.
D) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.
13. A) She wants to take the most direct way.
B) She may be late for the football game.
C) She is worried about missing her flight.
D) She is currently caught in a traffic jam.
14. A) At a restaurant. B) In a fish shop. C) At a clinic. D) On a fishing boat.
15. A) He is an experienced sales manager.
B) He is being interviewed for a job.
C) He is a close friend of the woman.
D) He is good at answering tricky questions.
16. A) The man should consider his privacy first.
B) The man will choose a low-rent apartment.
C) The man is not certain if he can find a quieter place.
D) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.
17. A) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.
B) The man and the woman are working on a joint project.
C) One should choose a broad topic for a research paper.
D) It took a lot of time to get the man on the right track.
18. A) They went camping this time last year.
B) They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic.
C) They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions.
D) They weren’t experienced in organizing pi cnics.
2008年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及其参考答案SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the.following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation. 1. When is Anne available for the meeting? A. The third week of May. B. The third week of June. C. The eleventh of June. D. The eleventh of May. 2. Their meeting will probably take place in A. London. B. Toronto. C. Mexico City. D. Chicago. 3. When is Eric calling back? A. Thursday afternoon. B. Friday afternoon. C. Thursday morning.
D. Friday morning. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 4. According to the woman, advertisements A. let us know the best product. B. give us sufficient information. C. fail to convince people. D. give misleading information. 5. In the woman's opinion, money spent on advertisements is paid A. by manufacturers. B. by customers. C. by advertisers. D. by all of them. 6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?. A. The woman seems to be negative about advertising. B. The woman appears to know more about advertising. C. The man is to be present at a debate on advertising. D. The man has a lot to talk about on advertising. Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation,
英语四级听力综合训练材料 The New York City really has the wonders of the Big Apple that exceeds all expectations -- the fantastic skyscrapers, marvelous museums, cultural centers, architecture and sightseeing attractions, among which the following are most worth seeing. The Statue of Liberty stands magnificently on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. It is a national monument which was presented by France on October 28, 1886 to remember the American Revolution. Wall Street was built by the Dutch to protect the colony from Indian attack. Now it is America's financial center. Broadway is an avenue in Manhattan, a symbol of the New York theatre. At night it is brilliantly lit by spectacular lighted signs which have given it the name "The Great White Way".
英语专业四级考试1993年——203年听写原文 1993 Package Holidays Package holidays, covering a two weeks' stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your destination．Everything is laid on for you．There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves．You make friends and have a good time. But there is very little chance that you will really get to know the local people．This is even less likely on a coach tour, when you spend almost your entire time traveling．Of course, there are carefully planned stops for you to visit historic buildings and monuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short．There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend you holiday with a group of people you have never met before． (1994) The American Family The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families, the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family consisting of only parents and children has therefore become far more wide spread. Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse co mbinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there's an increase in single-parent homes—a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur when divorced men and women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples while one in rive Americans lives alone. (1995) Unidentified Flying Objects There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery.
英语专业四级听写50篇 前言 听写在英语专业四级统考中占有15％的比重，是考试的重要组成部分。 说起听写，正在准备和已经参加过英语专业四级考试的同学会说： “我能明白听写的内容，可写的时候就是跟不上！”“短文大意我明白，可是有的语我不 会写。” 这只反映出了问题的两个方面。一是听写速度不够快。二是词汇量不够或词汇掌握得不够准确。这些无疑是影响听写成绩的重要因素。但是，这些不是问题的全部。在从事听写教学及听写问卷过程中，很容易发现学生失分的具体问题： （1）没听懂，没听好，听写速度跟不上，写出的内容断断续续不连贯，学生因此大量失分； （2）有的词汇没听懂，拼写不够准确，这导致听写失分； （3）时态错误导致失分； （4）单复数不准确导致失分； （5）没有注意断句或专有名词，句子开头单词或专有名词错误使用大小写导致失分； （6）没有注意原文冠词的使用，书写时漏掉冠词导 致失分； （7）没有注意单数第三人称形式导致失分； （8）没有注意单数复数名词的形式导致失分。 上述问题的产生有的是缺乏训练造成的，如书写速度跟不上。有的则是语言基础较 差造成的，如听力较差没有完全听懂或没有掌握好词汇。而单复数、大小写、冠词漏写 等则多是粗心大意造成的。 听写部分能提高吗？ 当然能！而且提高的空间很大。 笔者从事英语专业基础教学与研究，从一开始所带的教学班参加四级考试超过全国 院校平均通过率28．2个百分点，超过全国专业外语院校平均通过率12．5个百分点开始，所带的教学班在全国英语专业④级统考中通过率始终ito％，平均成绩、优秀率始终名列 前茅。最近一次所带的教学班参加四级统考，又考出了很好的成绩，通过率超过全国院 校平均水平26石个百分点，超过全国专业外语院校13．6个百分点，而且在十几个平行 班中平均成绩是最高的，优秀人数也是最多的。在四级考试中，听写一项的成绩也不例外，每次均位居第一，本项目满分15分，所带班级平均成绩能够达到14分。 是不是学生基础很好？统计表明，和平行班相比所带班级入学时并不存在什么特别 优势。 教学经验表明，听写成功的关键是训练方法和体现训练方法的训练材料。 听写训练过程中无论是老师还是学生都有必要注意以下几点： 二．扭握淤轿肘虚度大纲要求第一遍用正常速
四级听力绝密资料，即使当时没听清也能做对！四级听力绝密资料，即使当时没听清也能做对！四级听力绝密资料，即使当时没听清也能做对！四级听力绝密资料，即使当时没听清也能做对！！ 四级听力的三个思路： 1．学习——基于学生的角度，一定是抱怨学习 2．生活——poor,很穷。 Student ID 学生证用于discount 打折，bargain讨价还价 3．学习vs 生活——忙，忙于学习（就是说，解题从这三个思路出发，如果听不清题目说什么，就用这三个思路往上套）Part I 短对话 一．But 题型 形式：A:…… B:……，but ……. 重点听第二个说话人B说话，but 后面所说的话为重点，出题点往往在but后面。四级听力题中，But 后面的为重点的占95%,之前的为重点的占5%。 e.g. (这题是反例，考的居然是but之前的内容，不过这种情况很少出现的) A: I suppose you’ve bought some gifts for your family. B: Well, I’ve bought a shirt for my father and two books for my sister. But I’ve not decided what to buy for my mother. Probably some jewels. Question: Who did the man buy the book for? Answer: His sister. 二. 场景题 （1）每一类场景，常考出题思路——用于解题 （2）线索词 场景题选项特点：（1）介词结构in/at somewhere （2）To do开头的（问的是purpose目的）（3）Doing……/ They’re doing……/They’re …ing. （4）A and B（人之间的关系relationship）e.g.Students and teacher. 场景题提问方式： （1）what (过去，现在，将来) （2）Where is the conversation taking place? / Where does the conversation take place? （3）When is the conversation taking place? （4）Who——>where (location) 问人是谁，可以从他所在的地方来判断。 各类场景（把各类场景容易出现的词给记住，选选项时往常考思路上靠） 1.抱怨的作业： 1）paper：a.论文b.=newspaper 报纸c. document文件d.纸张 写论文的步骤： a.choose a topic选题 area: The area is too board for me. 题目的范围太广了narrow the topic down 把题目范围缩小 b.do some research 做调查（去图书馆library 做调查） c.type it out打印 typewriter打字机，computer,lap top手提电脑， printer打印机， laser printer激光打印机， ribbon 色带 2) presentation口头演讲——oral form= speech = report = address a.时间性 20分钟，一般演讲18-19分钟，留下几分钟时间别人发问 b.正式着装——formal clothes change（穿的衣服不合适就要换）You can’t go like that. You need a change.你这样穿不行，要换一套衣服。 c.内心感受——nervous(演讲前心里很害怕) 3) Reading assignment / list 阅读作业/清单 Do you think the reading list is enormous? 你觉不觉要读的书太多了？ 4) Research Financial Aid经济资助 a. Tuition wavier学费减免 b. RA——Researching Assistant助研 TA——Teaching Assistant 助教 Fellowship奖学金 2．餐厅 1）cafeteria学校饭堂：meal card/ticket饭卡/饭票，helping一人份 2）restaurant: fancy高档的, menu菜谱, order, manager经理, waiter book/reserve预订 ，make a reservation预定 上菜顺序：soup汤——> main course主菜——> salad沙拉（chef salad招牌沙拉）——> dessert甜点 (pudding布丁, cheese , fruit) 赞美人家做菜好吃： 1）Even my mother’s can’t match this.即使我妈妈做的也比不上这个好吃。 2）I took the last one and it was out of the world.（太好吃了以至于）我把最后一块也吃掉了。 3）You wouldn’t have to force me to help another one. 你不用叫我吃，我自己也会拿来吃的。 3. 罚款 fine 校内：library里面，书过期校外： break the traffic rules违反交通规则，go speeding超速 各种费用： fare交通费（车费，船费），fee杂费， tuition学费， tuition and fee学杂费，rent 房租， utilities 水电费，rate 按比例收取的费用， post rate=postage邮资
2015年12月英语四级听力原文及答案 Part 1 短对话 Question 1 - M: Do you remember the wonderful film on space exploration we watched together last month? - W: Sure. It's actually the most impressive one I've seen on that topic. Q:What do we learn about the speakers? Question 2 - W: Are you looking for anything in particular? - M: Yes. My son is graduating from high school, and I want to get him something special. Q:Where does the conversation most probably take place? Question 3 - M: Mike told me yesterday that he had been looking in vain for a job in the art gallery. - W: Really? If I remember right, he had a chance to work there, but he turned it down.
Q:What does the woman say about Mike? Question 4 - W: Would you like to come to Susan's birthday party tomorrow evening? - M: I'm going to give a lecture tomorrow. I wish I could be in two places at the same time. Q:What does the man mean? Question 5 - W: Aren't you discouraged by the slow progress your staff is making? - M: Yes. I think I will give them a deadline and hold them to it. Q:What is the man probably going to do? Question 6 - W: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the visitors' parking is? I left my car there. - M: Sure. It's in Lot C. Over that way. Q:What does the woman want to know? Question 7 - W: You look great! Now that you've taken those fitness classes.
4级听力原文
Section B 26: While Gail Obcamp, an American artist was giving a speech on the art of Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused to see that many of her Japanese listeners have their eyes closed. Were they tuned off because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form or they deliberately tried to signal their rejection of her Obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful. Japanese listeners sometimes closed their eyes to enhance concentration. Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words. Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people from other countries or members of minority group in North America. Learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings. Here are some examples. In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air. In some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker. Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact. In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval while in other countries it is a form of insult. 29: Chris is in charge of purchasing and maintaining equipment in his Division at Taxlong Company.
- The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities,/ led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. / Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000 kilometers of track were built,/ and over 100 railway companies were created. / Railway travel transformed people's lives. / Trains were first designed to carry goods. / However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day / which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. / Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. / Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. / The railways also provided thousands of new jobs:/ building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. / Railways even changed the time. / The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished/ and clocks showed the same time all over the country. / United Nations Day (1999) The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. h is a day that belongs to everyone. And it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN. Some libraries exhibit children’s art works from around the world. Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries or give parties where foods of other countries are served. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN, and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs. In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world. What We Know About Language (2000) Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. However, we now do know something about it. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many peoples whose cultures are undeveloped but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. In all the languages existing in the world today, there are complexities that must have been developed for years. Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. And finally, we know that language changes over time, which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead. Characteristics of A Good Reader (2001) To improve your reading habits, you must understand the characteristics of a good reader.
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016) -GRADE FOUR- PART ⅠDICTATION Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Now listen to the passage. Think Positive and Feel Positive Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? / Do you react positively or negatively? / The answer may depend in part on whom you’re around. / A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases. / For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. / They measured each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking. / It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious. / Students with a negative thinking roommate became more depressed themselves, / and students with more positive thinking roommates / were more likely to become more positive as well. The second and third readings. You should begin writing now. Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? / Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? / Do you react positively or negatively? / Do you react positively or negatively? / The answer may depend in part
四级听力题目训练的完整步骤（北京新东方学校赵建昆） 赵建昆2011听力视频课全面上线，请猛击：https://www.doczj.com/doc/1d1475546.html,/product/16080_1.html 训练材料来源：为了更好的突破四六级考试，我们始终认为四六级真题是最好的训练材料。06年6月起至2010年12月份的题目是最需要训练得滚瓜烂熟的题目。若认为题目不够训练，也可以继续做05年或以前的题目。但是题目时间越早，难度和实效性就越低。但是，请注意使用正确方法。 第一步：预判（3-5分钟） 做题前，一定留出时间看题。正式考试时看题时间约3分钟左右。我们只能高效的看而非全面的看。选项中最需要注意的是：高频词，主语，谓语等。同时注意，相似选项和相反选项要保留，准确答案就在其间。复合式听写部分也需要注意高频词汇。 例（2010年12月小对话）： ［A］ Combine her training with dieting. ［B］ Repeat the training every three days. ［C］ Avoid excessive physical training. ［D］ Include weightlifting in the program. 很明显，考动作的动作题目，注意听懂第二句的动作即可。 例（长对话） A) marketing consultancy. B) Professional accountancy. C) luxury hotel management. D) business conference organization 选项都是某种行业，又因为此题是08年6月听力长对话中的第一题，所以就暗示自己注意长对话开始部分的行业词汇即可。 第二步：听力开始（35分钟） 2006年6月年后的四级听力放音时间约35分钟左右。请不间断地听完一套题，中间不要停顿，强化自己的耐力注意力和定力。记住，不要间断也不要提前看后方的答案。
英语专业四级考试真题听写原文2005年 The Wrist Watch It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration. 2006年 The internet The internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications.Imagine a book that never rend, a library with milion floors,or imagine a research project with thousands of sientists working around the clock forever.This is the magic of the internet.
2007年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及其参考答案SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 1. Which of the following is NOT needed for the Lost Property Form? (A) Name. (B) Nationality. (C) Address. (D) Phone number. 2. From the conversation we know that Mark Adams comes from. (A) Essex. (B) Edinburgh. (C) London. (D) The US. 3. What will Mark Adams do the day after tomorrow? (A)To come to the office again. (B) To wait for the phone call.