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（一）1.1930年全球人口大约为20亿,1960年上升到30亿,1974年达到40亿,1987年突破50亿,1999年达到60亿｡目前,世界人口约为64亿｡如计划生育措施有效实施,世界人口在2050年将有望被控制在89亿左右｡2.青岛,占地一万零六百五十四平方公里,人口六百四十九万,是中国十四个沿海开放城市之一,它去年的出口额为五十七亿五千万美元｡3. In 2001 GDP in Cambodia was US$3.39 billion with gross product per capita of US$275. Foreign trade volume was US$2.647 billion while tourism revenue was US$242 million.4. It was estimated that there were 1196 factories in Vientiane in 1998, among which 93 were foreign invested. In 2000, per capita income was US$850.1.World population was about 2 billion in 1930, 6 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1974,more than 5 billion in 1987 and reached 6 billion in 1999. Now the population isaround 6.4 billion. If family plan works, it will be hopefully controlled within 8.9 billion in 2050.2.Qingdao, with an area of 10,654 square kilometers and a population of 6,490 000, is one of the fourteen open coastal cities in China. Its export volume last year was US$5.75 billion.3.2001年柬埔寨国内生产总值33.9亿美元,人均生产总值275美元,对外贸易总额为26.47亿美元,旅游收入2.42亿美元｡4. 据统计,1998年万象市有工厂1196家,其中外资93家,2000年人均收入850美元｡（二）1. When we open a letter of credit with a bank, we’ll have to pay a margin.2. Could you accommodate us with a Usance L/C, say 30 days or 60 days after sight?3. The underwriters are responsible for the claims as far as they are within the scope of cover.4. We assure you that the goods can be shipped by the first available steamer in May.5. We’ll not pay until shipping documents for the goods have reached us and time is due.6. 这次的通融只是针对这笔交易,下不为例｡7. 通常保险的范围写在基本保险单和各种险别的条款里｡8. 因为这里的保险公司承保此种险别有5%的免赔率｡9. 这样从装船到我们的零售商收到货物,总共要用四五个星期｡10. 从你们这儿到我方港口每个月只有一两个航班,而从香港到我方港口的船却相当频繁｡1.当我们向银行申请信用证时,我们得支付手续费｡2. 你们能否通融一下,接受远期信用证,比如30天期或60天期的?3. 只要是在保险责任范围内,保险公司就应负责赔偿｡4. 我们保证在五月份将货物装上第一条便船｡5. 见不到货物运输单据,没到期,我们都不付款｡6. This accommodation is only for this transaction, and will not seta precedent.7. Usually, the extent of insurance is stipulated in the basic policy form and in the various risk clauses.8. Because the insurance company here insures this risk with a 5% franchise.9. After shipment, it will be four to five weeks altogether before the goods can reach our retailers.10. There are only one or two sailings a month from here to our port, while sailings from Hong Kong are quite frequent.（三）A: Shall we have a talk about terms of payment today?我们今天谈谈付款条件怎么样?B: 当然可以｡您希望用什么方式付款?Sure. What is the mode of payment you wish to employ?A: We wish to pay by D/A or D/P terms.我们想用承兑交单或付款交单方式付款｡B: 我们不能接受这些方式｡我们要求用不可撤销的､金额为全部货款､并以我方为抬头人的信用证,凭即期汇票支付｡We cannot accept these arrangements. For payment we require 100% value, irrevocable L/C in our favour available by draft at sight.A: I’m sorry to hear that. Could you make an exception this time and accept D/P or D/A? You can draw on us just as if there were a letter of credit.很遗憾听到你们这么说｡这次你方能否破例一次,接受付款交单或承兑交单方式?你们就当作有信用证一样,向我方开汇票托收｡B: 很抱歉,我们不能接受付款交单或承兑交单方式｡我们的惯例是坚持用信用证付款｡We regret we cannot accept payment by D/P or D/A. It is our usual practice to insist on payment by L/C.A: A letter of credit would raise the cost of our imports. When we open a letter of credit with a bank, we’ll have to pay a mar gin. That will not only tie up our money but also increase our cost.用信用证支付会增加我们的进口成本｡当我们向银行申请信用证时,我们得支付手续费｡这样不仅占压资金还增加成本｡B: 恐怕我无能为力｡你们可以跟银行协商将手续费降到最低限度｡以后的交易我们也许可以考虑一下是否采取付款交单的支付方式｡但是目前,恐怕我们只能坚持采用我们惯用的付款方式｡I’m afraid I can do nothing about it. You ca n talk with your bank to reduce the margin to the minimum. And we can consider D/P terms for our future dealings. But at present we can only accept our usual terms. A: Is the credit at sight or after sight?信用证是即期的还是远期的?B:即期｡At sight.A: Could you accommodate us with a Usance L/C, say 30 days or 60 days after sight? If you cannot be more flexible, we won’t accept your terms of payment.你们能否通融一下,接受远期信用证,比如30天期或60天期的?如果你们不能更灵活些,我们将不接受你方付款方式｡B:好吧,考虑到这是我们的第一次交易,我们这次就接受30天期信用证了｡但我想说清一点,这次的通融只是针对这笔交易,下不为例｡All right. In view of the fact that this is our first transaction, we accept 30 days L/C this time. But I’d like to make clear that this accommodation is only for this transaction, and will not set a precedent. A: OK, thank you for your kindness.太好了,谢谢｡B: 对了,你们的信用证必须在五月初到达我处,否则我们就赶不上船期了｡By the way, your L/C shall reach us in early May, otherwise we cannot catch the shipment.A: No problem. But you should assure us of the quality.没问题,但你们得保证质量｡B: 你尽可放心,我们产品一向质量优良,至今还没收到关于质量问题的索赔呢｡A: Good. That’s why we choose you as the partner.好的｡这也是我们选择你作为合作伙伴的原因嘛｡B: 我们将开出光票向你方收取这批货的货款｡希望你们准时付款｡We will draw a clean draft on you for the value of this shipment and hope you can honour the draft duly.A: We’ll not pay until shipping documents for t he goods have reached us and time is due. Payment might be refused if anything goes wrong with the documents.见不到货物运输单据,没到期,我们都不付款｡如果单据有问题,当然可以提出拒付｡B:我们会注意的｡We will take care.A: Mr. Li, shall we go on to the insurance?李先生,我们可以谈谈保险问题了吗?B: 请吧｡Yes, please.A: What’s your usual practice?你们的惯例是怎样的?B: 货物的保险将由我方以CIF价的110%投保｡如果要求投保附加险,额外保险费将由买方自理｡Insurance of the goods is to be covered by us for 110% of the CIF value, and any extra premium for additional insurance, if required, shall be borne by the buyers.A: What about the premium?保险费是多少﹖B: 保险费是根据投保险别的保险费率计算的｡The premium is calculated according to the premium rate or rates for risks to be covered.A: Then what risks do you usually cover for this nature of goods?你们通常为这类货物投保什么险?B: 在买方没有具体要求的情况下,我们通常投保平安险和战争险｡We usually cover FPA and War Risks only in the absence of the buyers’ detailed requirements.A: Does the risk cover breakage?这类险包括因破碎造成的损失了吗?B: 不｡我们也很少为这种货物投保破碎险｡因为这里的保险公司承保此种险别有5%的免赔率｡也就是说,如果破碎率没达到5%,就不会得到赔偿｡No. And we seldom cover breakage risk for this kind of goods. Because the insurance company here insures this risk with a 5% franchise, which means when the breakage is not up to 5%, no claim for compensation will be entertained.A: I cannot follow you. Could you be more specific? So far as I can understandthe underwriters are responsible for the claims as far as they are within the scope of cover.我不太明白｡你能讲得更详细些吗?据我所知,只要是在保险责任范围内,保险公司就应负责赔偿｡B:当发生破碎时,保险商拒绝支付此项索赔,不是因为没有投保破碎险,而是因为这种险是按5%的免赔率承保的｡因此5%以内的损失不包括在他们承保的范围内｡通常保险的范围写在基本保险单和各种险别的条款里｡阅读保险单上的“细则”对你是十分重要的,这样就能知道你要买的保险包括哪些项目｡Well, when any breakage occurs, the underwriters decline to pay the claim not because that breakage is uncovered, but that the risk is insured with a 5% franchise. So the loss within the 5% is beyond the coverage granted by them. Usually, the extent of insurance is stipulated in the basic policy form and in the various risk clauses. It’s important for you to read the “Fine Print” in any insurance policy so that you know what kind of coverage you are buying.A: I see. In this case, I suppose FPA and War Risks are the only choice we can make.我明白了｡这样的话,我想平安险和战争险是惟一的选择了｡B: 不是惟一的,是最好的选择｡Not the only choice but the best choice.A: OK. How will the premium be paid?好吧｡怎么支付保险费呢?B: 我们将从支付你方的5%的佣金中扣除保险费｡你方5%的佣金是按扣除运费和保险费的发票金额来计算的｡We will deduct the premium from your commission of 5% payable to you.Your 5% commission will be calculated on the basis of invoice value after the deduction of freight and insurance.A: That’s reason able.很合理｡B: 装船后,我到保险公司去投保｡After loading the goods on board the ship, I’ll go to the insurance company to have them insured.A: Great.太好了｡B:好吧,保险问题就谈到这里｡All right. Let’s leave insurance now.A: We finally come to terms. We assure you that the goods can be shipped by the first available steamer in May.我们终于达成交易了｡我们保证在五月份将货物装上第一条便船｡B:五月交货太晚了｡我们希望四月底前交货,否则就赶不上季节了｡It will be too late for us. We expect the shipment before late April, otherwise, we are not able to catch the season.A: The earliest shipment we can make is early May.五月初是我们能够做到的最早交货日期｡B: 你要知道,通过销售渠道起码要花上两三个星期｡这样从装船到我们的零售商收到货物,总共要用四五个星期｡You know, it usually takes at least a couple of weeks to flow through the marketing channels and after shipment, it will be four to five weeks altogether before the goods can reach our retailers.A: I understand, but...我明白,但是……B:你们能否想些办法提前交货?Could you do something to advance your time of shipmentA: All right, I will get in touch with our factories immediately to urge them to fasten the delivery. But I would like to make clear that owing to heavy commitments, they may not be in a position to advance delivery from May to April.好吧,我会立即与厂方联系,催促他们赶快交货｡但我得说清楚,由于交货任务繁重,他们不一定能把交货日期从五月份提前到四月份｡B: 四月份交一半货,其余的五月份交,怎么样?How about delivery of 50% in April and the balance in May?A: I’ll have to look into the stock position. And I’m not sure if we are able to get the necessary shipping space.我得查一下库存情况｡再说我不敢肯定我们是否能订到必要的舱位｡B: 那你们原来的安排是什么?What was your arrangement then?A:We previously planned to book the shipping space on S.S. Peace, which is scheduled to sail on or about the 20th of May.我们原来打算订“和平轮”的舱位,预计五月二十日左右开航｡B: 我刚想起来了,还有一种可能能确保交货｡It has just occurred to me that there is still another possibility to ensure the delivery of the goods.A: What do you have in mind?你有什么想法?B: 你可以从香港转运｡从你们这儿到我方港口每个月只有一两个航班,而从香港到我方港口的船却相当频繁｡如果在香港转船,我们收到货物的时间就会早很多｡You can transship the goods via Hong Kong. There are only one or two sailings a month from here to our port, while sailings from Hong Kong are quite frequent. If shipments were transshipped via Hong Kong, we could receive the goods much earlier.A: Sounds great! But I have to check.听起来不错,但我还得查一下｡B: 好吧｡OK.（四）1．A letter of credit gives a bank’s promise to pay the exporteronce the exporter has complied with all the terms and conditions of the letter of credit. Payment under a documentary letter of credit is based on documents, not on the terms of sale or the physical condition of the goods. The letter of credit specifies the documents that are required to be presented by the exporter, such as an ocean bill of lading, original and several copies, consular invoice, draft, and an insurance policy. The letter of credit also contains an expiration date. Before payment, the paying bank who is responsible for making payment, verifies that all documents conform to the letter of credit requirements. If not, the discrepancy must be resolved before payment can be made and before the expiration date.信用证为出口方提供了银行担保,保证一旦出口方按照信用证所有条件条款执行合同即付款｡在跟单信用证下,不是根据合同条款或货物状况而是根据单据来决定付款与否｡信用证会规定出口方需提交的单据,如海运提单(正副本),领事发票,汇票和保险单｡信用证还规定了有效期｡在付款前,负有付款责任的付款行需证明所有单据与信用证规定相符,如果不符,须在付款前､信用证有效期前纠正｡2．保险是大买卖｡保险的目的是赔偿投保人事先预测的风险给他的生命､财产和生意带来的损失｡保险主要有两种:人寿保险和通险｡通险是指火险､海险､包括偷窃､雇员忠诚险､雇主责任险在内的杂险和机动车辆险､活牲畜保险､作物保险｡保险合同是一方承诺,如发生火灾或死亡等意外事故时,赔偿另一方一定金额的损失｡Insurance is big business. The aim of all insurance is to compensate the owner against loss arising from a variety of risks, which he anticipates, to his life, property and business. Insurance is mainly of two types, life insurance and general insurance. General insurance means Fire, Marine and Miscellaneous insurance which includes insurance against burglary or theft, fidelity guarantee, insurance for employer’s liability and insurance of motor vehicles, livestock and crops. A contract of insurance is a contract by which one party undertakes to make good the loss of another, in consideration of a sum of money, on the happening of a specified event, e.g. fire accident or death.3．装船通知是出口商在货物装船后给进口商的通知｡其目的是让进口商了解货物已经装船发运,可准备付款接货了｡在FOB或CFR条件下成交的合同,需进口商自行办理货物保险的凭证｡装船通知应在装船后立即发出,以便进口商办理投保手续｡卖方在议付时必须提供该装船通知的副本,与其他单据一起向银行议付｡装船通知的主要内容包括 1. 收件人名称和地址;2. 合同号和信用证号;3. 货名;4. 数量;5. 金额;6. 船名;7. 开航日期;8. 提单号码;9. 通知日期等｡通知日期不能超过信用证规定的日期｡Shipping advice is a notice sent to importer after the shipment is effected, the aim of which is to inform the importer of the shipment and get him ready for the payment and receipt of goods. In the contract of FOB or CFR terms, it is stipulated that the importer shall cover insurance by himself. So the shipping advice shall be sent immediately after shipment so that the importer could take out insurance. The seller shall present to the bank the copy of shipping advice together with the other documents when negotiating. Shipping advice mainly covers: 1. name andaddress of the receiver; 2. contract and credit number; 3. name of commodity; 4. quantity; 5. amount; 6. name of vessel; 7. date of sailing;8. number of B/L; 9. date of advice etc. The date of advice shall not be later than the date in the credit.。
Unit Five 礼仪性口译（英译汉）Interpreting ceremonial speeches English-Chinese Interpretation 5-1故地重游Revisiting the Old HauntLadies and gentlemen,女士们、先生们：Permit me first to thank you, our Chinese hosts, for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality. My wife and I, as well as our entire party, are deeply grateful.首先，请允许我感谢中国主人的精心安排与好客。
我与我夫人以及我团的全体随行人员都深为感激。
In the short period of six days, we have gone a longer distance than the world-renowned “Long March”. We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world.在短暂的6天里，我们的行程超过了举世闻名的“长征”。
在改革开放政策引导下的中国，气象万千，充满活力，不断进步，这些我们都已强烈地感受到了。
My wife and I have a special regard and personal friendship for the people of China. Beijing is for us and old and nostalgic memorable time with the people here—working, shopping, sightseeing, and touring the city on our bicycles. During that time we never experienced anything other than the utmost courtesy and genuine friendship of the Chinese people.我与我夫人对中国人民怀有一种特殊的敬慕之情和个人友谊。
Unit Five一、口译技巧二、单句口译三、口译实践1、体育比赛赛前新闻发布会主题导入：体育局官员在国际马拉松比赛赛前新闻发布会上介绍赛事准备情况。
大家好！欢迎大家参加本次国际马拉松比赛的赛前新闻发布会。
首先我想向各位介绍一下这次比赛的几点特色，然后再回答媒体朋友的提问。
Thank you all for attending the press conference on the international marathon. First of all, I will brief you on the following features of this year’s competition, and then I would like to answer questions raised by friends from media.首先，这次马拉松赛事世界级的高水平赛事。
目前已经确定有17名海外马拉松高手参赛，他们分别来自西班牙、肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、厄瓜多尔、巴西、埃塞俄比亚和朝鲜等7个国家。
First, the international marathon is a world class competition. So far, it has been confirmed that 17 foreign marathon runners have signed up for it. They come from seven countries including Spain, Kenya, Tanzania, Ecuador, Brazil, Ethiopia and North Korea.同时我们还邀请到曾参加全国马拉松锦标赛和奥运会马拉松选拔赛的国内运动员120人参赛。
这些国内外优秀选手的加入，必将使本次比赛的竞争更加激烈，赛事更加异彩纷呈、引人关注。
We have also invited 120 Chinese athletes who have attended other nationwide marathon championships and qualification competitions for the Olympic marathon. With the participation of those athletes from home and abroad, we are expecting a fierce, exhilarating and thrilling competition.其二，本次比赛选用的赛道在往年的基础上有所调整，更改后的赛道更加平坦，有利于运动员出成绩。
Module 5 Public speakingI Theory and skills演讲的技巧（一）口头表述一名优秀的译员必须同时是一位杰出的演讲者。
译员作为次级讲话人(secondary speaker)，与发言人同时出现在听众面前，必须要将发言人的发言效果（impact）体现出来，这不仅仅指语言内容要准确，也指译员要合理运用声音、姿势、动作、眼神等。
出色的译员能通过良好的演讲表现增加听众对其翻译能力和译作质量的信任度。
但是，译员与一般演讲者有所不同。
译员对于发言的题目、内容和发言目的没有决定权，也不能随意更改发言内容，只能通过翻译尽量达到讲者要传达的发言效果。
因此，口译训练中的演讲技巧注重表述能力，它包含口头表述（vocal rendering）和体态语言(body language) 两个方面，指的是译员借助有声和无声的手段达到良好的演讲效果的能力。
表述训练是为了增强听众对译员的信任度，提高译文的效果。
译员的口头表述的训练重点是发声（voice projection）和吐字（articulation）。
在发声训练上要注意音色、音高、音量、语调、语速、停顿和变化这几个要素。
吐字强调的是口齿清楚、发音准确。
吐字的技巧不仅关系到音节的清晰度，而且关系到声音的圆润、饱满。
要吐字清楚，首先要熟练地掌握常用词语的标准音。
其次，要力求克服发音含糊、吐字不清的毛病。
平时多练习绕口令有助于练好吐字的基本功。
另外，由于译员工作时大多通过麦克风传递声音，因此要注意“麦克风礼仪”(microphone manners)。
译员的嘴巴应与麦克风之间保持一定的距离以把握适当的音量，防止音效失真和出现气爆杂音(pop noise)，要注意不能对着麦克风喘粗气、吸鼻子、咳嗽或大声翻阅资料。
演讲的技巧（二）体态语体态语又称身势语或形体语言，是人们利用姿态、动作、面部表情来传递信息的非言语行为。
体态语是人类社会交际的信息载体。
人们借助体态语来表达和交流信息、感情、态度，因此体态语也是演讲语言的组成部分。
译员不仅要有较强的口语表达能力，也要善于用体态语言来表情达意。
译员登上讲台，首先给听众的是视觉形象。
仪表、姿态，神情，动作，全都呈现在听众面前。
译员灵活自如、优美协调的体态动作，能很好地辅助口语，弥补有声语言表达的不足，使有声语言表达的内容更准确、生动、完整。
译员的体态语言主要包括以下几个方面：仪表与风度、身体姿态、手势、眼神交流、表情。
总之，译员在平时训练和实际工作中一定要注意恰如其分地使用体态语，避免出现因为不得体的体态动作而影响口译效果的情形。
II Skills practiceTeaching suggestions: When asked to act as a speaker or an interpreter, the students should be reminded to take both the speech delivery and interpretation seriously, so that they will be more aware of their role in the situation and behave as they are supposed to.Instruction: let the students have a quick look at the following passage and invite one student to be the speaker delivering a speech based on it and another student to be the interpreter.5.1 What makes a good conversation?Recently, a friend phoned me. She’s one of those people who could talk under wet cement. I've discovered that I can even put the phone down and attend to something in another ro om while she's talking and she doesn’t even notice. A second friend phoned me that night. I was very tired, but I soon forgot my weariness as we animatedly shared our opinions, beliefs and personal experiences. Time flew, and as I went to bed very late that night, I thought, “Now, that was a really good conversation!”It occurred to me that it might be an interesting topic to research for my speech tonight. So I asked some of my friends what they thought made a good conversation. They had different suggestions, but all agreed on three main points: mutual interest, give and take, trust.Let's look at the first one: mutual interest. A conversation has to be of interest to all concerned. As one friend suggested, a good conversation is when two or more people voluntarily explore the topic. But how can we be sure that we are not boring others? We need to be sensitive to the cues our listener gives us. Someone suggested if he is pulling away from your grip, or standing on tiptoe making desperate signals to someone else, he probably wants out!All my friends agreed that a conversation thrives on a balance of giving and taking. Conversations are the building blocks of a relationship, one told me. If conversations lean too far in one direction, the relationship will topple.We agreed that giving and taking can be done both through speaking and listening. Through talking we can entertain, inform, advise, and share personal experiences. We fulfill our listener’s emotional needs when we sympathize, praise or reassu re him. By listening attentively we can make the other person feel good about himself. We give him an outlet for his pent-up feelings, and a sounding board for his ideas. Since most people would rather talk than listen this means we sometimes have to give up our own desire to speak in favour of the other person’s need to talk.Someone mentioned active listening. We can respond non-verbally with our eyes and body language to draw out the speaker. It's important to ask questions to show interest. Open-ended questions, like How, What, Where, When, Why encourage the speaker to continue.Then there's trust. A relationship requires mutual trust. It's like a series of circles, someone said. The outer ring is for acquaintances. We usually exchange small talk withacquaintances. Small talk is a necessary medium for finding a mutual interest. It's a way of testing the water before plunging in. The next circle is for people we feel comfortable with. We know them well, we mix with them socially, and might even have serious conversations with them, but we don't have a close relationship. We don't let many into our smaller inner circle. That is for those we feel safe with, with whom we can be open and honest.I was wondering how to sum this all up when my ten-year-old neighbor called in. I asked her if she had a good friend that she enjoyed talking to. “Oh yes,” she said. “I tell my friend Emily everything.” “And who does the most talking?” I asked. “Both of us,” she said. “We’re interested in the same things. I’ve known her for years.” There we have it: mutual interests, a balance of talking and listening and a good relationship. I think she summed it up well. But what do you think? I'll leave it to you to decide what you think makes a good conversation.III. Interpreting exercise5.2 Managing editor of the Washington Post talks about ChinaWords and phrasescommunist dictatorship 共产主义的专制国家emerging economic power 崛起的经济大国Language tips1. become students of China：literal translation: 成为中国的学生; better translation: 向中国学习；拜中国为师。
