同位语难点
有时同位语如果不紧挨着在它要修饰的名词或代词后，可能会引起语义混淆。（例如第一、二句）。但是，在不引起混淆的前提下，同位语可以远离它要修饰的名词或代词后。（例如第三句）
1.The funds are, therefore, allocated by the government , given to the
poor in the area.
第一种理解：The funds are 可以与given to the poor in the area 连接形成主干句，allocated by the government 可以理解为同位语对前面的名词the fund 修饰，即句意为：因此，由政府拔出的资金给予那个地区的穷人。
第二种理解：The funds are 可以与allocated by the government连接形成主干句，given to the poor in the area可以理解为同位语对前面的名词the fund 修饰，即句意为：因此，给予那个地区的穷人的资金由政府拔出。
可见，以上句子有两种理解，强调的重心不同。
2. Tommy, a 11-year-old boy, fought with the scoundrel（歹徒） yesterday.
3. The thought came to her that he had not had dinner.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1)意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)
2) 引导词的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。
3)引导词的功能上的不同
that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
4)被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：
I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I’ll never forget t he days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)
高考状语从句考点复习 一状语从句高考的考查特点 1. 试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点 (不同性质的连词; 定语从句和名词性从句的干扰 2. 题干句的情景化增强,句意理解难度提高 二能力要求： 1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语从句中经常使用的连词 2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句的逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际. 3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法区别. 三状语从句的定义、功能、分类 定义：在复合句中作状语的从句 功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句 分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。 从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。 ▲ 常见考点： 考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题； 考点二、连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while / as / when引导时间状语从句；because / since / as / for引导原因状语从句；if / unless引导条件状语从句；so…that / such…that引导结果状语从句等）； 考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换； 考点四、状语从句的倒装结构（hardly / scarcely…when；no sooner…than 等） 考点五、根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词；2.根据从属连词的词义。
★四、分类：状语从句按其作用可分为九类。 1．时间状语从句常见的从属连词有：(注意其汉语意义 when, while, as, before, after, since, until (till once as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, each/every time, the first time, the last time, next time, by the time, whenever等。例如： Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to my help. I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 注意：（1）when, while, as的区别： 1when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如： When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. （主先从后）（短暂性） When I lived there, I used to go to the seaside on Sundays. (同时（持续性） When the movie ended, the people went back. （从先主后） 2while侧重主从句动作的对比，且从句的动词必须是持续性的。如： While we were chatting she was looking at the time table on the wall． 3as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如： Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast． 4）when和while还可以是并列连词，意分别为“就在这时”，“然而”。eg. I was having a rest on the sofa when the telephone rang． They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they couldn’t . 注：并列连词when常用与以下句型中： ①…was/were doing…when…（正在做…突然）②…was/were about to do…when…（刚要做…突然）
英语同位语用法的六种易错点 当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。如： Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 劳拉·迈尔，BBC的记者，要求采访。 Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. 流行性感冒是一种常见病，无特效药。 Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planni ng to attend the university. 玛丽是我所认识的最聪敏的姑娘之一，她正准备上大学。 Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一个人是谁? We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子，一个男孩和一个女孩。 以上所举的同位语例子都是同位语的基本形式，一般不会出错。但有有几种同位语，或由于身本结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。 一、代词we, us, you等后接同位语 Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗? They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。
She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。 【温馨提示】若能在书面表达中巧妙地用上一两处这样的同位语，也可以算为你的作文增加了一个小亮点。 二、不定式用作同位语 Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order 同位) He followed the instruction to walk along a certain stre et where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位) 【温馨提示】当心单项填空就这类结构命题。 三、-ing分词用作同位语 He’s getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位) She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位) The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first pla n同位) 四、形容词用作同位语
高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习 同位语从句讲义及练习 一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上 为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。 例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。 二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句 1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whe】ther 引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句） 例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
定语从句知识点汇总 一、先行词 二、关系词 1.关系代词： 2.关系副词： 三、分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略 2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开 3.区别： 4.非限制性定语从句的特殊情况 4.1有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同
There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China. 5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句 四、关系词的用法 1.which,that which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语 that指人或物，指人可与who，whom互换；指物可与which互换 2.who,whom 从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom作宾语，不能用who代替 In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. 先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用who。 3.whose 表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时， whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词 The house whose windows face south is ours. The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours. 4.as 作为关系代词可指人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。 一般用于such...as 、the same...as 、as...as结构中，表示“像”的意思 We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
高考英语新状语从句知识点专项训练及答案(4) 一、选择题 1．____ I look back to those days as a child, I really hope to spare more time to accompany my father. A．However B．Whenever C．Whatever D．Wherever 2．Steve Jobs is a key figure in the computer world _____ he has had a great influence on modern life and technology. A．on condition that B．in case C．in that D．as long as 3．Why do many students stick to private tutoring _____ they could easily master such knowledge at school? A．unless B．before C．after D．when 4．He differed _________ other people __________ he always looked further ahead in his work. A．from; in which B．from; in that C．with; in which D．with; in that 5．All bad things must come to________end, ________ terrible an experience is. A．the; whatever B．an; however C．/; how D．a; what 6．—Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow. A．though B．unless C．when D．because 7．I will try my best to get lo the station ahead of time ____ I have to walk all the way there. A．so that B．as though C．even if D．in case 8．Believe it or not, some English idioms are very difficult to understand ______ you know the meaning of each word. A．as if B．in case C．now that D．even if 9．Just underwater grass floats on the surface if it loses its roots, a nation is lost without its memories. A．since B．while C．as D．when 10．Do not make complaints about being left out___you shy away from sharing your joys and sorrow with others. A．when B．unless C．once D．until 11．I was so proud _______ my team won the ice hockey competition. It made me feel like I could achieve anything. A．while B．when C．before D．until 12．- Have you known each other for long? - Not really. ________ we started to work in this school. A．Just after B．Just when C．Ever since D．Just before 13．_____I had more money, I could buy a car. A．Only if B．If ever C．If only D．Even if 14．The secretary made a note of it _____ she should forget. A．in order that B．in case C．so that D．ever when
同位语从句用法小结 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面： 一、常见带有同位语从句的抽象名词 advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim（声明、主张），conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement（声明、陈述），suggestion，thought，warning，wish，word 二、同位语从句连接词的选用 在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，whether），连接代词(what ,who等)连接副词（how，when，where）。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. I have no idea what he is doing now.。 There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。 He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there. It's a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题 注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如： There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise. 三、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如： The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
同位语从句 一．同位语 同位语：跟在名词或代词后，与之表达同一内容；通常由名词、名词性短语等担任。 （A=B：两项所指相同） e.g 我知道奥巴马，美国的总统。 I know Obama, the president of United States. （Obama与the president of US同一个人）我们应该从过去当中学习，它是现在的一面镜子和将来的希望。 We should learn from the past, the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. The future belongs to you, young people. 未来是属于你们年轻人的。(you=young people) (实质是句中两个成分相等) 二．同位语从句 1.（1）概念：由一个句子来充当同位语。 e.g 我知道这个事实，奥巴马是美国的总统。 I know the fact that Obama is the president of United States. (the fact就是指的是奥巴马是美国总统) We should learn from the truth that the past is the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. （2）与从句同位的名词通常为抽象名词： fact, truth, Idea, thought, belief, hope, doubt, rumour, question, answer, reply, news, , order (有些抽象名词本身带有“疑问”的含义，如question, doubt) 2. 构成： （------先造3个简单的句子，He is a student.(陈述句) Is he a student?（一般疑问句）Who is a student?(特殊疑问句) 同位语从句(连词)不是与前面的抽象名词有关，连词取决于后面从句是什么样的形式； （I know the fact he is a student. ） （1）如果从句是陈述句，连词用that e.g I know the fact that he is a student. 我听到了这个消息，他离开了我们。 I heard the news that he left us. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了命令战士们应该立即过河。 We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Hawaii. 我们非常高兴听到这个消息，我们将在夏威夷度过我们的暑假。 The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody． 他什么都没说，这个事实让大家很吃惊。 结论：that在从句中不做成分，并且没有含义 （2）如果从句是一般疑问句，连词用whether, 再把一般疑问句变陈述句语序
The Attributive Clause 定语从句中应注意的几个问题 一、引导定语从句的关系词 指代人 who，whom，that 指代事物 which，that 所属关系 whose，of which 指地点 where 指时间 when 指原因 why 二、关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。 All ______ can be done has been done. Do you have anything ________ you don’t understand ? There is little _______ can be believed about it . The book doesn’t say much ________ amuses children. 先行词是all ,everything,nothing, anything, something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that 。 Hamburg is the most beautiful city _______I’ve ever seen. This is the best TV _______ is made in China. The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。 I’ve read all the books ________ you lent me. No sample ________ we have received is satisfactory. Please send us any information ________ you have about the subject. He is the only person _________ was present at the time. 先行词被any,some, no, much,few,little, every,all, very, only, last修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。 The famous writer and his works _________ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students. A victim is a person,animal or thing ________ suffers pain,death,harm,etc. 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that . Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better ? Who _______ you are talking to is the young fellow ? Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that 。 （答案：以上都是that） 三、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况 He made the same mistakes again ,_____ made his parents very angry. ( which) Yesterday I bought a dictionary,____cost me more than 100 yuan . (which) Mr Smith,_______ gave a talk several months ago,will come again. (who) My uncle has come back from abroad,___I haven’t met for along time. (whom) 在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用 which，指人用who或whom。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别 高考频度：★★★★☆难易程度：★★★★☆ —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ____________ he did it; that’s one of his fa vorite universities. A. when B. why C. that D. how 【答案】B 【解析】此处____________ he did it对名词idea解释说明，是同位语从句。答句句意：我不知道Mike为什么放弃了耶鲁大学，那是他最喜欢的大学之一。A项表＂时间＂，D项表＂方式＂，均不合题意。have no idea = do not know，后面的从句应该表示＂疑问＂，排除表＂确定事实＂的C项。故本题选择B项。why表示＂原因＂。
指南针这个事实是众所周知的。（同位语从句） The fact that we talked about is very important.我们谈论的这个事实很重要。（定语从句） 如何区别同位语从句和定语从句 同位语从句和定语从句在形式上基本相同，都是跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由that引导。但它们的句法功能却是不同的，我们可以从三个方面来加以区别。 （1）根据that来区别。引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分。而且这个that还常可以用which来代替。引导同位语从句的that是个连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也不能用which来代替。例如： The fact that（which）we talked about is very important.我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。 （that在从句中作about的宾语） The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。（that只起连接作用） Here comes the news that some tourists from America will come to our village.消息传来，说一些美国旅游者要来我们村。（that只起连接作用） （2）根据先行词来区别。 体内容） （3）根据引导词来区别。 如果引导从句的词为when，where，why或者how，而其前面的名词又分别表示时间、地点、原因或方式方法等意义，则它们为关系副词，引导的是定语从句。例如： I’ll never forget the day when I saw the Great Wall.我永远不会忘记我见到长城的那一
高考英语专题状语从句知识点真题汇编及解析 一、选择题 1．Tom was so angry____ he heard his friend betrayed him____ he tore the letter into two immediately. A．that; when B．that; that C．when; what D．when; that 2．______ the environmental impacts of larger plastics are well documented, very little is understood about the dangers associated with micro plastics. A．While B．As C．Because D．If 3．Manchester United has decided that Wayne Rooney will not be sold to any other club no matter how much money is offered or ______ the potential risks of keeping an unhappy player. A．however B．whether C．what D．whatever 4．I will try my best to get lo the station ahead of time ____ I have to walk all the way there. A．so that B．as though C．even if D．in case 5．_____ I once made some mistakes, I won’t spend a moment of the future regretting what might have been. A．Until B．While C．Unless D．Because 6．Believe it or not, some English idioms are very difficult to understand ______ you know the meaning of each word. A．as if B．in case C．now that D．even if 7．House prices vary from place to place and are usually high ______ there are famous schools. A．where B．when C．which D．whether 8．The leaders of Catalonia said that he had decided to delay the declaration of independence ______ they could have a further negotiation with Spanish government. A．in case B．in order to C．so that D．not until 9．I was so proud _______ my team won the ice hockey competition. It made me feel like I could achieve anything. A．while B．when C．before D．until 10．_____ you may meet, you should face the challenge bravely. A．However a serious problem B．What a serious problem C．However serious a problem D．What serious a problem 11．Many countries have a Mother’s Day, ________ they don't always fall on the second Sunday in May. A．when B．though C．as D．once 12．—We have decided to go for a picnic tomorrow, Jack. Are you going with us? —Well, ______ you are going, so will I. A．when B．since C．if D．while 13．Peter had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour___________ all at once the solution flashed across his mind. A．when B．while C．then D．as 14．Elephants usually won’t attack a person ________ one becomes a danger to them. A．until B．although C．unless D．when
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面： 一、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。 例如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。 例如： The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。 二、同位语从句前名词的数
英语同位语从句用法详解 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面： 一、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message 等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如： The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。 二、同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。例如： Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。 Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003. 消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。 三、同位语从句连接词的选用 在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，who，whether），连接副词（how，when，where）等。例如：
高考定语从句八个考点 定语从句是英语学习的一个重要语法项目,也是历年高考在具体的语境中考查考生灵活运用知识能力的一个重点。为了帮助同学们更好地掌握这一语法项目,本文结合近几年的高考试题,分析、探究定语性从句的考查,对其考查归纳为以下八个考点。 一、考查非限制性定语从句中的which 在非限制性定语从句中,which既起连接的作用,又在从句中充当一定的句子成分(主语、宾语或表语);放在主句之后,指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容。 【经典题赏析】 1. My friend showed me round the town, _______was very kind of him.(09全 国卷II) A. which B. that C. where D. it 解析:本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词的用法,选项中只有which可指代前面一个句子,并引导从句;it虽然可代替前面句子,但不能起连接的作用,故答案为A。 2. The Science Museum, _______we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. (08江苏) A. which B. what C. that D. where 解析:引导非限制性定语从句时,which在从句中可以作宾语,指代主句的主语“The Science Museum”,而where只能作状语。故答案为A。 3. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly ru n, is now a successful business. (07浙江) A. that B. which C. who D. where 解析:该题逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以选项范围 应是关系代词,排除掉关系副词where;而that不可以引导非限制性定语从句, 只有which可指代前面的China’s restaurant。故答案为B。 【小结】非限制性定语从句中,判断选which还是where, when,关键在于分析定语从句的主干结构是否完整,如果该从句的先行词是物,从句中缺少主
用法 用法1 由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。 （Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人。） Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。 a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。 用法2 如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。 He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor. 他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。 （brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。） Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James. 昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。 （同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。） 用法3 同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。 We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 He is interested in sports, especially ball games. 他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。 [编辑本段] 同位语从句 先行词 1．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。 例如： ①The boy who is playing football is my classmate． ②Those who work hard will succeed． ③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody． ④Th e fact that you are talking about is important． 在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。 在②句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。 在③句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，④句便是一例。 由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。 2．when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。