非谓语动词经典用法讲解与练习
★命题规律
1.考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。
2．设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。
★命题趋势
不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。
★解题思路
①解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）；
②找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；
③搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；
④将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
★分词、不定式作宾补用法要点
一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，
hear + 宾语+do (表主动和完成)
hear +宾语+doing (表主动或正在进行)
hear +宾语+done (表被动或完成)如
I heard Kevin an English song just now.（sing）
I heard Kevin an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
I heard the English song many times.
注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：
I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)
EXERCISE:
1、I saw him ___________(change )the wheel of his car yesterday.我看见他在换汽车轮子。(意味着我看到了整个动作过程)
2、I saw him ___________(change)the wheel of his car when I arrived at his house.我看见他换汽车轮子。(可能意味着我只看到动作过程的一部分)
3、I saw the wheel of his car_________( change) by a boy just now.
4、I saw him__________ ( run) down the street. 我看见他沿着街跑。
5、I felt an ant_________ ( climb) over my leg. 我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。
6、Suddenly I noticed her__________( stand) outside. 突然我注意到她正站在外边。
7、When we went home, we found the door ______ (lock).
8、We can hear the windows ___________(beat) by the heavy rain drops.
9、They felt themselves _________(cheat).
10、The American Chinese is amazed to find his hometown greatly _________(change).
11、I could hear the girls _________(sing) in the classroom when I entered the classsroon. .我能听到女孩们在教室里唱歌。
12、I have never heard the song __________(sing) in my school.
13、In the dream Peter saw himself __________ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006上海卷)
A. chased
B. to be chased
C. be chased
D. having been chased
14 After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice him. (2007上海春)
A. calling
B. called
C. being called
D. to call
15、He was seen _________( cross) the road yesterday.(整个过程)有人看见他穿过马路。
16、He was seen__________( cross) the road (正在进行的动作)有人看见他在穿过马路。
17、The missing boys were last seen_________( play) near the river.
2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态）。
leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）
leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。）
如：It’s wrong of you to leave the mach ine ______(run).
The guests left most of the dishes _____(untouch), because they didn’t taste delicious.
He left, leaving me _____(do)all the rest work.
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.
3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。
①have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如
I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.
此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来
如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。
注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：
I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.
Don’t have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。
③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事
如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.
EXERCISES:
1，H e managed to get the task________(finish) on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。2，T he director got her assistant __________some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II 卷)
A. picked up
B. picks up
C.to pick up
D. picking up,
3，J enny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________in a short period. (2007福建卷)
A. improved
B. improving
C. to improve . improve,
4--Good morning. Can I help you?
--I'd like to have the package__________(weigh), madam.
5 ，T he director had her assistant __________some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II卷)
A. picked up
B. picks up
C. pick up
D. picking up
6 M y parents have always made me ________about myself, even when I was twelve.(2007江苏卷)
A. feeling well
B. feeling good
C. feel well
D. feel good
7 T hey use computers to keep the traffic _________smoothly. (2009全国II卷)
A. being run
B. run
C. to run
D. running
8 S orry I kept you_____( wait) a long time.
9 T hey shut the door and left leaving the fire________(burn). have＋宾语＋宾语补足语。〔精练〕用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1．A computer does only what thinking people have it ＿＿＿＿(do)．
2．Who did you have＿＿＿＿(paint) the wall yesterday？
3．The villagers are going to have a new bridge ＿＿＿＿＿(build) over the river．
4.We had the machine ＿＿＿＿＿(mend) just now.
5.The patient is going to have his temperature ＿＿＿＿＿(take).
6.She had her money ＿＿＿＿＿(steal) when she got on the bus.
7..I won't have you ＿＿＿＿＿(say) so.
8.Don’t have the dog＿＿＿＿＿( bark) much，Lilin. 李林，别让狗狂吠不停。
9.I’m leaving .Do you have anything ＿＿＿＿＿( say)?
10.She is going to attend an important meeting ,but she has no clothes＿＿＿＿＿(wear).
11.The poor woman had a small room ＿＿＿＿＿(live in).
12.We have a lot of money .Do you have anything＿＿＿＿＿( worry about)？
13." Do you have any clothes ＿＿＿＿＿(wash)?,Sir" asked the maid(女仆).
14 、I can’t go swimming today, for I have so many clothes ＿＿＿＿＿(wash).
15. They might just have a place _____ on the writing course-why don’t you give it a tr y?
A. leave
B. left
C. leaving
D. to leave
二、下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语：
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如：
① An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots.
② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.
③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
如：At that time, I found him crying in the street.
He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
四with结构过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构
翻译下列句子
1.The farmers walked to the field with hoes on their shoulders.
2.My father was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.
3.The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.
4.Tom is working there with only a shirt on.
5.We slept last night with the lights on.
6.John left the room with the windows open.
7.My brother rushed into the classroom, with sweat dripping.
8.The artist is working with his hair tied back.
9.The stranger is standing there with his eyes looking at me.
10.She stood there with his eyes fixed on me.
用所给词的正确形式填空
11.In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _____________(point) at another person.
12.He lay there with his eyes ___________(look) at the sky.
13.The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes ___________(fix) on the blackboard.
14.The thief was brought in with his hands___________（tied）back.
15.With all these mouths__________（feed）, he didn’t know what to do.
16. With time ___________( go) by, we understand more and more.
17.The teacher came in _________________________________.（手里拿着一些教科书）
18.It is a beautiful village with a mountain____ it.
A. surrounded
B. surrounding
C. having surrounded
D. having been surrounded
19.With so much work________(do), he felt upset.
20. With a lot of problems_________( deal with), the new president has a hard time.
21.With all the problems_________( settle), the president felt at ease.
22. With so many friends________( care about) me , I feel very happy.
23.The thief was brought in, with his hands ________ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tired
D. tied
— Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
— Sorry. With so much work ________my mind, I almost break down. (2007福建卷)
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled ★不定式、分词作定语用法要点
一、不定式作定语
1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
Here is some paper for you to write on.
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live (in).
We found a way to solve this problem (in).
2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）
Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）
3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：
不定式表将来：
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如：
He was the best man to do the job.
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.
用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如：
Do you have the ability to read and write English ?
I have a chance to go sight –seeing.
二、分词作定语
1．作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V –ing; being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V –ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：
The houses being built are for the teachers.
The broken glass is Tom’s.
I have never seen a more moving movie.
2．作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V –ing 和过去分词。V –ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：
falling leaves 正落的叶子fallen leaves 落下的叶子
boiling water 正沸腾的水boiled water 沸腾过的水（白开水）
三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别
这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：
Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?
He is a man loved and respected by all.
Don’t use words, expression s, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. 现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students.
不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。
如：The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.
非谓语动词作定语练习
( )1. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/109353741.html,y
B. lain
C. laying
D. lying
( )2. You will see this product in this factory advised wherever you go. A.making B.is made C.is making D. made
( )3. --- What’s the language _______ in New Zealand?
--- English.
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
( )4. There are many people _______ to buy cars in the modern world.
A. want
B. wanted
C. wanting
D. to want
( )5. The car _______ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.
A. produced
B. producing
C. to produce
D. which produced
( )6. --- What are on show in the museum?
--- Some pictures _______ by the Africans.
A. drawing
B. drawn
C. drew
D. were drawn
( )7. What is the best way do you think ______ the wild animals?
A. protecting
B. to protecting
C. protected
D. to protect ( )8There was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise.
A．following B．to follow C．followed D．followed by
( )9The problems at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve．A．discussed B．to discuss
C．to be discussed D．discussing
( )10. The words _______ with “L” aren’t easily forgotten.
A. starting
B. started
C. to start
D. whose starting
( )11. Have you got anything _______?
A. to open the box
B. opening the box with
C. opening the box
D. to open the box with
( )12. --- Hello, what are you reading?
--- A book _______ by Bill Gates.
A. writing
B. written
C. to write
D. which written
( )13. Yesterday I heard a story _______ by my friend.
A. told
B. telling
C. to tell
D. tell
( )14. Is there any time _______ to the museum?
A. going
B. to go
C. goes
D. gone
链接高考
（福建卷）33。Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?
A. seat
B. sit
C. seated
D. sat
（湖南卷）26. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down
D. to blow down
（江西卷）28. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.
A. allowing
B. to allow
C. allowed
D. allows
（浙江卷）13. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding
B. being found
C. to find
D. found
上海卷)33. If there is a lot of work ___, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. done
D. doing
★不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点
一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help
此外，afford, strive（斗争）等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：
① She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
②We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
③ In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competitive.
二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk
此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。
① The squirrels was lucky that they just missed being caught.
② I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
③ I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事remember to do sth. 记住去做某事remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事2．动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如：
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
I’d like to go swimming this weekend.
3．在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：
allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.
allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.
如：We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow studen ts to smoke.
4．动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：
need / require / want doing / to be done
need / require / want sb. to do sth.
be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)
be worth doing be worthy of being done
be worthy of + n. 值得……be worthy to be done
如：The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.
The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.
窗户需要擦一下。
The place is worth visiting.
The place is worthy of a visit.
The place is worthy of being visited.
The place is worthy to be visited.
那个地方值得一去。
如：① only one of these books is worth reading.
②— What do you think of the book ?
— Oh, excellent, It’s worth reading a second time.
四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out等词的宾语时，前面常带wh –引导词。即how, what, whether, where, when, who等+ to do。但why +不带to的不定式。
注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：
He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)
I don’t know what to do. ( = I don’t know what I’ll do.)
Can you tell me why do it ?
五、动词不定式在介词but, other than后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but后面的不定式也要省略to。如：
We could do nothing but / other than wait.
We had nothing to do but / other than wait.
We have no choice but to wait.
I can’t choose but laugh.
Exercises
1. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it ______.
A. reusing
B. reused
C. reuses
D. to be reused
2. Bill suggested ______ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held
B. to hold
C. holding
D. hold
3. David threatened ______ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported
B. reporting
C. to report
D. having reported
4. --- Does your brother intend to learn German?
--- Yes, he intends _____.
A. X
B. to
C. so
D. that
5. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
6. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
7. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
8. I don’t know whether you happen ______, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard
B. to be hearing
C. to hear
D. to have heard
9.I still remember ______ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A．to take B．to be taken
C．taking D．being taken
10.Something as simple as _______some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure．
A．to drink B．drinking C．to be drinking D．drunk
11.Susan wants to be independent of her parents. She tried ____alone，but she didn't like it and moved back home.
A. living
B. to live
C. to be living
D. having lived
12.I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote
B. having been promoted
C. having promoted
D. to be promoted
13.There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
14. You can't imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm.
A. walked
B. walk
C. to walk
D. walking
15. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
A. breaking
B. having broken
C. to have broken
D. break
1-5：DCCBB；6-10：BBDDB; 11-15:ABDDC
1. I can't stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ______ talking while she works.
A. working; stopping
B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop
D. to work; to stop
2. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use ____ with him.
A. to argue
B. arguing
C. argued
D.having argued
3.If you think that treating a woman well means always_______her permission for things,think again.
A.gets
B.got
C.to get
D.getting
4. As the twentieth century came to a close ,the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand,waiting___________.
A.to use
B.to be used
C.to have used
D.to be using
5. After he became conscious，he remembered and on the head with a rod.
A. to attack; hit
B. to be attacked；to be hit
C. attacking；be hit
D. having been attacked；hit
6.Isn't it time you got down to _____the papers?
A.mark
B.be marked
C.being marked
D.marking
7. The parents suggested ___ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
A. sleep
B. to sleep
C. sleeping
D. having slept
8.It is difficult to imagine his________the decision without any consideration.
A.accept
B.accepting
C.to accept
D.accepted
1-5:CBDBD;6-10:DCB
不定式、分词作状语用法要点
一、不定式作状语
He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)
They went there to visit their teacher. 他们去那里拜访老师。（表目的）
He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果）My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.
我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。（表示结果）
在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：
I am very glad to see you. 我非常高兴地见到你。
I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。
在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：
He was too excited not to say a few words.
他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。
注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to (为了) 或so as to (以便) + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。
To look at him, you would like him. (表条件) To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.
To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分)
二、分词作状语
1．分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
2．分词作状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。如：Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)
Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间)
Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)
Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件)
The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况)
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：Generally speaking … 一般说来Frankly speaking … 坦白地说
Judging from … 根据……来判断Considering … 考虑到……
To tell you the truth … 说实话
非谓语动词作状语练习
(A)（时间原因条件状语）
1.____ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.
A. Not known
B. Knowing not
C. Known not
D. Not knowing
2._______ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
3.____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding
4._____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their
land.
A. Being encouraged
B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged
D. Having encouraged
5._____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into
the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
6._____ that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized
B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing
D. Not to have realized
7.______ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend two days on
the farm.
A. Attracting
B. Attracted
C. To be attracted
D. Having attracted
8.____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A. Being bitten
B. Bitten
C. Having bitten
D. To be bitten
9.___ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching
B. Approached
C. To approach
D. To be approached
10._____ by the loud noise. I went to see what was happening.
A. Having frightened
B. Frightening
C. To be frightened
D. Frightened
11.____ untidy, his bedroom needs doing out. A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D.
To look
12.______ with such great difficulty , Jack felt at a loss ________.
A. Facing; what to say
B. Faced; what to say
C. Having faced; how to tell
D. Being faced; how to speak
13.______ in white, she looks much more beautiful.
A. Wearing
B. Dressing
C. Dressed
D. Having dressed
14.______ in the fog, we were forced to spend two hours in the woods.
A. To lose
B. Losing
C. Lost
D. Having lost
15._____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. Being lost
16._____ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told
B. Telling
C. Having told
D. Having been told
17._____ to reach them on the phone，we sent an email instead.
A. Fail
B. Failed
C. To fail
D. Having failed
18.Dina,_ ___ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local
advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
19.______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with
him whenever he goes.
A. Suffered
B. Suffering
C. Having suffered
D. Being suffered
20.______ the programme , they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed 21.(2012北京卷)27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use
B. Using
C. Used
D. To use
22.(2012江苏卷) 31. ________ an important decision more on emotion than on reason,
you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based
B. Basing
C. Base
D. To base
23.(2012福建卷)34.Pressed from his parents，and _____that he has wasted too much
time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing
B. realized
C. to realize
D. being realized
24.(2012陕西卷)15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a
New iPad.
A. Standing
B. To stand
C. Stood
D. Stand
25.(2012重庆卷)23. ________ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful
film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
(B) （伴随，目的，结果,原因状语）
1.The poor man, ______ , ran out of the dark cave.
A. trembled and frightened
B. trembling and frightened
C. trembling and frightening
D. trembled and frightening
2.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _____ that he had
enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D.
added
3.When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ back.
A. flooding
B. to flood
C. flood
D. flooded
4.After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _________.
A. exhausting
B. exhausted
C. being exhausted
D. having exhausted
5.He was sitting there, ____ in deep thought.
A. lose
B. lost
C. losing
D. being lost
6._____ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount
Tai.
A. To be tried
B. Tired
C. Tiring
D. Being tired
7.He sent me an e-mail, ______ to get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope
8.He turned and went to sleep again, ______ that it was still early.
A. to think
B. and thought
C. thinking
D. thought
9.We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.
A. wait B .to be waiting C. waited D. waiting
10.Tony lent me the money, ________ that I’d do as much for him. (12全国卷II)10.
A. hoping
B. to hope
C. hoped
D. having hoped
11.Tom kept quiet about the accident_____ lose his job.
A. so not as to
B. so as not to
C. so as to not
D. not so as to
12.______ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep
B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having slept
13.When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there __ for a space flight.
A. training
B. being trained
C. to have trained
D. to be trained
14.The old professor said to us every part of the materials should be made use of ______
the power station. A. to build B. building C. build D. built
15.Hellen had to shout _________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
16.Peter’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ________ again.
A. to find
B. to be found
C. finding
D. being found
17.He ran all the way up to the station, _____ that the train had left fifteen minutes
before.
A. in order to find
B. as to find
C. only to find
D. such as to find
18.What have I said _____you angry?
A. making
B. to make
C. made
D. to have made
19.She went to America ________.
A. never to return
B. never returning
C. to never return
D. and never returning
20.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film star had left.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
21.European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the
world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
22.(2012天津卷)11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast
untouched.
A. left
B. to leave
C. leaving
D. having left
23.(2012四川卷)6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ his plane high up in
the sky.
A. finding
B. to find
C. being found
D. to have found 24.(2012山东卷)26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left
him.
A. to be told
B. telling
C. being told
D. told
25.(2012江西卷)33．Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to
the new students.
A．speaking B．having spoken C. to speak D．to have spoken
26.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____ .
A. to be breathed
B. to breathe
C. breathing
D. being breathed
27.We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found
28.The famous scientist was easy _____ along with.
A. to get
B. for getting
C. getting
D. got
29.You were silly not_____ the door.
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
30.(2012全国卷II)15.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy
___ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to have watched
31.(2012辽宁卷)29. This machine is very easy Anybody can learn to use it in a
few minutes.
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate
（C）（省略句）
1.Though_____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
2.________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
3.The research is so designed that once_____ nothing can be done to change it.
A.begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
4.When first _______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
5.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when __________ at he meeting by my boss.
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
6.When _______ , the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
7.Generally speaking, _________ according to directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
8.Unless _______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
9.Though _________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising
B. as surprised
C. surprised D being surprised
10.Every evening after dinner, if not ______ from work, I will spend some time walking
my dog. A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired
11.Film has a much shorter history, especially when _______ such art forms as music
and painting. (全国卷I)32.
A. having compared to
B. comparing to
C. compare to
D. compared to
12.When _____ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very
interesting and rewarding. (安徽卷)30.
A. asking
B. asked
C. having asked
D. to be asked
(D) 独立主格结构
1.I couldn't do my homework with all that noise ______.
2.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
3.She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.
A. tears were rolling down
B. tears rolled down
C. with tears rolled down
D. tears rolling down
4.The meeting ____ over, we all left the room.
A. is
B. to be
C. being
D. would be
5.Everything_______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.
A. to take
B. taken
C. to be taken
D. taking
6._____, we all went swimming in high spirits.
A. It being fine weather
B. It fine weather
C. It was fine weather
D. It being a fine weather
7.__________, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
A. All things considering
B. All things considered
C. All things were considered
D. With all things were considered
8.___________, I had to buy a new one.
A. My dictionary losing
B. My dictionary having been lost
C. My dictionary had been lost
D. Because my dictionary lost
9.__________ ,we have to get down to business right away.
A. As there was no time left
B. There is no time left
C. There being no time left
D. There to be no time left 10.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog
them. 辽宁卷)25. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows
(E) 非谓作状语综合训练，（要点，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致）
11.Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
12.Faced with a bill for $10, 000,________.
A .John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job
C .an extra job has been taken
D .an extra job has been given to John.
13.In order to make our city green, __________.
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees
B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city need more trees
D. we must plant more trees
14.Not having finished their jobs, _____ to leave the company.
A. the boss forbade them
B. they were forbidden
C. so they were forbidden
D. and they preferred
15.While watching television, _________.
A. the door bell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
16.While listening to pop music, ___________ .
A. she felt asleep
B. the light went to
C. someone knocked at the door
D. and she couldn’t help laughing
17._________ her mother had come, her face lit up.
A. Hearing
B. Having heard
C. When hearing
D. When she heard
18.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.
A. working hard is necessary
B. to learn a foreign language is needed
C. it is important to master science
D. one should serve the people whole-heartedly
19.Once lost, _________.
A. it is said to get such a chance again
B. one can never get such a chance again
C. such a chance will never come again
D. to get such a chance will be difficult
20.Greatly moved by her words, _______ .
A. tears came to his eyes
B. he could hardly hold back his tears
C. tears could hardly be held back
D. his eyes were filled with tears.
21.In order to improve English, _____________.
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes
B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C. a lot tapes were bought by Jenny
D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s
father.
★非谓语动词其它用法
一、疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。如：
I didn’t know what to do. (宾语)
When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主语)
My question was how to get so many books. (表语)
注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?
二、不定式的主动和被动
1．不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：
Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ? (A knife cuts the watermelon.)
2．不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。如：
She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)
I know what to do. (I do what.)
3．不定式作表语形容词的关语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 。如：
This book is difficult to understand.
This kind of fish is nice to eat.
三、不定式符号to的保留问题
有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。
如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been，这些词要保留。如：
I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.
— Are you on holiday ?
—No, but I’d like to be.
—I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那个消息。
— Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本应该告诉他的
四、动名词作主语
动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
It is / was no use / good + doing sth.
It is / was not any use / good + doing sth. It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.
It is / was useless
如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is of little good staying up too late every day.
每天都熬夜没有什么好处
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
五、注意以下表达的意义区别
falling leaves 正在下落的树叶fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶
boiling water 沸腾的水boiled water 烧开过的水
developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家
I like s wimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.
类似的还有：
an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 兴奋的声音
a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情
1. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ____.
A. not to do
B. not to
C. not do
D. do not
2 — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations.
A. Tom delayed sending
B. Tom’s dela ying sending
C. Tom delaying to send
D. Tom delayed to send
用frighten的不同形式填空
The girl let out a ______cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. )
His __________ shout scared the boys again.
The shout was ______and the boys felt _________. 他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的
非谓语动词用法归纳 一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自 认admit 承认advocate 提倡/ 主张consider 考虑can't help 不禁can't stand 受不了contemplate 细想complete 完成confess 坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟deny 否认dread 可怕defer 拖延detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有/喜爱envy 嫉妒endure 忍受excuse 借口escape 逃跑/ 逃避finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 幻想/ 爱好favor 造成/ 偏爱figure 描绘/ 计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/ 包含keep 保持miss 错过mention 说到/ 讲到mind 介意pardon 原谅/ 饶恕permit 允许postpone 推迟practice 实行/实践prevent 阻止quit 放弃停止risk 冒险recall 回想resist 抵抗/ 阻止resume 恢复repent 悔悟resent 怨恨stand 坚持/ 忍受suggest 建议save 营救/ 储蓄tolerate 忍受
worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6）概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.
非谓语动词讲解 1. 动词不定式 （1）动词不定式的构成： 不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。 （2）动词不定式的句法功能： 1)不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. +(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如： To learn English well is useful．→It is useful to learn English well．
学好英语很有用。 It’s important for us to protect the environment． 保护环境对我们来说很重要。 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It’s very kind of you to help me．你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that．你那样做真是太聪明啦! 2)不定式作宾语 ①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。 如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? ②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 如：I find it easy to read English every day．我发现每天读英语很容易。 ③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 why not do...，why don’t you do...，had better(not) do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do... 如：I would rather stay in the room．我宁愿待在房间里。 3)不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio．露西让他关小收音机。 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese．我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意： 还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)，但变被动语态时，必须加上to。 如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss． 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4)不定式作定语
人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全及解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．Young people are encouraged to work hard ____their own dreams. A. achieve B. achieves C. to achieve D. achieved 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：鼓励年轻人努力工作，实现自己的梦想。根据句意可知their own dreams是workhard的目的，常用动词不定式来表示目的，故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式的基本用法——作目的状语。 2．Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading. A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的老师经常建议我们培养在阅读时做笔记的习惯。Advise sbto do sth建议某人做某事，所以选A。 3．—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous ______ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. answer C. to answer 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：—-朱丽亚，你的手机响了。—等一下。过马路时接电话是危险的。It + be + adj. for （of） sb to do sth 某人做某事……，是固定句式，it是形式主语，不定式结构做真正主语。故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式做主语的句式。熟记此句式，并能熟练运用。 4． Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ________ sure we don't break anything. A. make B. made C. to make D. making 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：无论什么时候我们这些孩子们来到这里，Susan姨妈只是站在那里，看着我们以确保我们不打破什么东西。此处是目的状语，故用动词不定式to make。watch sb do/doing sth看着某人做了/正在做某事，但是make sure的意思是“保证；确保”，在本句中不符合逻辑，故排除AD；watch sth done看着某事被做，也不符合句意，故选
否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词
1.不定式与动名词作主语得区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much.您抽这么多烟对您身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知得事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成得事或目得。 climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语得不定式短语后置。 it took me only five minutes to finish the job、 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 it is / was no use / good + doing sth、 it is / was not any use / good + doing sth、 it is / was of little use / good + doing sth、 it is / was useless doing sth、 it is no use crying over spilt milk、覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day、 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式与动名词作宾语得区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语与宾语补足语 1)下面得动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语得动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。
非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about．
一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. （6）概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people． （7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
非谓语动词 非谓语动词有3种：不定式，动名词和分词。 不定式 不定式由“to do”构成，其否定式“not to do”。不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有语态的变化，不定式可作主，宾，定，状，补，表，不能单独作谓语。 一. 不定式的用法 1 作主语 To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2 作表语 My job is to teach English. 3 作宾语 He wanted to go. I find it hard to work with him. 常见用不定式作宾语的动词: want, wish, like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare, refuse, swear, expec t, plan, would like, make up one’s mind, be determined 4 作补语 He asked me to open the door. 常见用不定式作宾补的动词: advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, like, order, peruade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, consider practice: * 在感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe,和使役动词make, let, have等后的补语中，不定式不带to，但这些句子变成 被动结构时，就必须带to I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 5 作定语 He is looking for a room to live in. There’s nothing to worry about. 不定式作定语的用法： 6 作状语 I came here to see you. (表目的) in order to / so as to We were excited to hear the news. （表原因）
非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致， 谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：
高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．New York is the fashion capital of the world, says a new study on Feb 4. 2014 by the Global Language Monitor (GLM), Pairs ____ second, with Shanghai ______10th while Hongkong 20th. A．coming, ranks B．come, ranked C．comes, ranking D．coming, ranking 【答案】D 【解析】D考查非谓语动词。句意：2月4日的一项新研究表明，纽约是世界的时尚之都。2014年全球语言监测机构(GLM)排名第二，上海排名第10，香港排名第20。Come和Pair是主动关系用动词ing形式，rank与Shanghai是主动关系，用动词ing形式，故选D。 2．________on this report，the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent. A．Having based B．Basing C．Based D．To be based 【答案】C 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。be based on以……为基础。在句中作状语，故用其based。选C。 3．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up. A．wake B．waken C．to wake D．waking 【答案】D 【解析】 一旦他睡着了，我叫醒他就有很大的困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，选D。 4．________ terrible, the medicine was thrown away by the child. A．Tasted B．Tasting C．To taste D．Being tasted 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种药尝起来非常难吃，被这个孩子扔掉了。主语是medicine，taste与主语是主动关系，而且taste是系动词无被动，因此用现在分词，故选B。 5．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B
非谓语动词 在英语中，不是用作句子的谓语而是担任其它语法功能的动词叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词有3种：不定式，动名词和分词。 不定式 不定式由“to do”构成，其否定式“not to do”。不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有语态的变化，不定式可作主，宾，定，状，补，表，不能单独作谓语。 一. 不定式的用法 1 作主语 To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2 作表语 My job is to teach English. 3 作宾语 He wanted to go. I find it hard to work with him. We could do nothing but wait. We have no choice but to wait. can’t choose but do, can’t help but do, can’t but do 常见用不定式作宾语的动词: want, wish, like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare, refuse, swear, expect, plan, would like, make up one’s mind, be determined 4 作补语 He asked me to open the door. 常见用不定式作宾补的动词: advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, caue, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, like, order, peruade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, consider practice: *在感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe, overhear（偷听）和使役动词make, let, have等后的补语中，不定式不带to，但这些句子变成 被动结构时，就必须带to I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 5 作定语 He is looking for a room to live in. There’s nothing to worry about. 但不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way, 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
it is / was no use / good + doing sth. it is / was not any use / good + doing sth. it is / was of little use / good + doing sth. it is / was useless doing sth. it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀： 三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令，需要努力学习,期望同意帮助，希望决定开始。
want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请get请，得到prompt促使 allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布force强迫press迫使 bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求 assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定，表示 advise劝告exhort告诫，勉励pray请求 authorize授权，委托help帮助recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒 beg请求induce引诱report报告 compel强迫invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤 command命令intend想要，企图show 显示 drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练 cause引起instruct指示require要求 deserve应受leave使，让tell告诉 direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱 entitle有资格order命令warn告诫 enable使能够need需要urge激励，力说 encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要 condemn指责，谴责lead引起，使得teach教
非谓语动词的用法大全及解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．To keep children away from danger，we warn parents ________ children at home alone． A. leave B. to leave C. not leave D. not to leave 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查不定式短语．句意：为了让孩子们远离危险，我们警告家长不要把孩子单独留在家里．warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事．根据题干To keep children away from danger为了让孩子们远离危险，可知应说我们警告家长不要把孩子单独留在家里．故选D． 2．Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading. A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的老师经常建议我们培养在阅读时做笔记的习惯。Advise sbto do sth建议某人做某事，所以选A。 3．We have worked so long. Shall we stop a rest? A. have B. to having C. having D. to have 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们已经工作了很长时间。我们停下来休息休息吗？stop doing sth停止做某事；stop to do sth停下来去做某事。所以选D。 4．The WWF is working hard _________ the animals in danger． A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：世界自然基金会正努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。此处表示目的，应该用动词不定式。故选B。 【点评】考查动词不定式。动词不定式表示目的。
非谓语动词用法归纳 非谓语动词 在英语中，动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． (3)分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。 3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语(部分)： attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式： allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒…… (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢，讨厌 involve卷入，包含practise 实行，实践suggest建议…… (3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
英语非谓语动词用法详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Japan has recently announced that it will restart commercial whaling, ________ great concern and controversy throughout the world. A．to cause B．causing C．having caused D．to have caused 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查现在分词。句意：日本最近宣布将重新开始商业捕鲸，引起了全世界的极大关注和争议。分析句子可知，cause与前面句子的意思在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词causing。故B选项正确。 【点睛】 非谓语动词是考试考查的重点，要掌握它的用法。首先，要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次，要知道非谓语动词的三种形式：现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。再次，要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生，还是将要发生。其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。分析句子可知，cause与前面句子的意思在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词causing作伴随状语。故B选项正确。 2．You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________home in the snowstorm. A．walked B．walk C．to walk D．walking 【答案】D 【解析】 考查have difficulty (in) doing sth.短语的变式运用。difficulty在句中充当先行词，其后为定语从句。 答案：D 3． ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. A．Having freed B．Freed C．To free D．Freeing 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。此句中的who’s to say that another person will?可知主句用的是将来时，故if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。句意：这就是为什么我要使人们的日子变得鲜活起来。如果你不这样做，你说谁会这样做？【考点定位】考查if引导的条件状语。