必修4
Unit 4Body language
要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考
●重点单词
1〃state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．陈述；说明
2〃greet vi. & vt.迎接；问候→greeting n．迎接；问候；招呼
3〃represent vt.代表；象征→representative n．代表(人士)
4〃association n．社团；联系；联想→associate v．把……联系起来
5〃flight n．飞行；航班
6〃curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇心
7〃approach vt. & vi.接受；靠近；走近n．接近；方法；途径
8〃defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫
9〃major adj.主要的
10〃misunderstand vt.误解；误会→misunderstanding n．误解；误会11〃adult n．成人；成年人adj.成人的；成熟的
12〃spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.非口语的；未说出口的
13〃function n．作用；功能；职能vi.起作用；运转
14〃truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地
15〃false adj.错误的；假的
16〃anger n．怒气；怒火→angry adj.生气的
17〃subjective adj.主观的→subject n．主题；对象
●重点短语
1〃defend against保卫……以免受
2〃on the contrary 相反地
3〃in the same way 以相同的方式
4〃at ease舒适；快活；自由自在
5〃turn one’s back to背对；背弃
6〃get close to 靠近；接近
7〃be likely to 很可能……；有希望……
8〃in general总的来说；通常
9〃lose face丢脸
10〃watch/look out小心
●重点句型
1〃Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也不尽相同。
2〃Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.把手握紧，朝着别人晃拳头几乎总是意味着愤怒并且威胁别人。
3〃With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language.人们之间的文化差异非常多，但好在身势语有一些相似之处。
●高考范文
(2008·海南、宁夏、全国卷Ⅰ)
假定你是李华，从小喜爱大熊猫，一直通过有关网站关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她的母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信。
1〃自我介绍；
2〃祝贺苏琳生日；
3〃感谢工作人员；
4〃索取苏琳三岁生日照。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2〃可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3〃开头和结尾语已为你写好。
Dear Sir/Madam，
Greetings from China！________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly，
Li Hua
写作要点：
1〃本文是一封书信，根据材料要求，时态应以一般现在时为主，人称为第一人称。
2〃内容要点：(1)自我介绍；(2)信息来源；(3)祝贺生日；(4)感谢照顾；(5)索取照片；(6)合适的结尾。
3〃重要词汇：introduce, express, wish, congratulate, be grateful, give birth to, a happy birthday, a photo of...
[范文]
Dear_Sir/Madam，
Greetings_from_China!
I'm Li Hua, a student in Sichuan. I've been a panda lover since I was a child. About three years ago I was delighted to learn that Baiyun gave birth to her daughter Sulin and I've been watching her grow on your website.
Now she‘s going to be three. I’d like to wish her a happy birthday and to express my thanks to you for your hard work, because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy life in the US.
By the way, could I have a photo of Sulin taken on her third birthday? Thank you very much in advance.
Yours_truly，
Li_Hua
考点探究互动探究·能力备考
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1〃represent vt.代表，象征；作为……的代表或代理人
representation n．代表，代表团，代理
representative adj.代表性的n．代表，代理人
represent sb. as/to be 宣称某人为……
represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事
represent sth./sb. as sth./sb. 把……描绘成……
[即学即练1](1) The rose _____________ love.
玫瑰花是爱情的象征。
(2) This picture _____________ a storm at sea.
这幅画表现的是海上风暴。
(3) He ____________ China in the conference.
他代表中国参加了这次会议。
(4) He ___________ himself ________ an expert.
他称自己是专家。
represents
represented
represents
to be
2〃curious adj.好奇的，爱探究的，奇怪的，难以理解的
curiously adv. 好奇地，奇怪地
curiosity n. 好奇心；古玩
be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做……
from/out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one‘s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
[即学即练2](1)The child ______ very ____________ the origin of mankind. 这个孩子对人类的起源很感兴趣。
(2)I'm __________________ what he said.
我极想知道他说了什么。
(3)__________________ he left without saying goodbye.
真奇怪，他不辞而别了。
is
curious about
curious to know
It’s curious that
3〃approach vt. 向……靠近；接近
n. 入门，接近；方法，途径
approach sb. on/about sth. 与某人接洽/商量某事
approach to 接近；近似；(做某事)的方法(途径)
a new approach to language teaching 一种新的语言教学
方法
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
make approaches to sb.和某人打交道
新年快到了。
(2)He ______________ the question as a scientist.
他从科学家的角度来处理这一问题。
(3)I like her ____________ the problem.
我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。
(4)Did Mary _________ you ______ lending her some money?
玛丽找你商量过有关借些钱给她的事吗？
is approaching
approached
approach to
approach
about
4〃defend vt. 保卫，防卫，为……辩护
defense/defence n. 防卫，防御
defense works 防御工事，防御工程
a defense satellite 防御卫星
defend one's argument 为某人的论点辩护
defend...against... 保护……，防御……
defend...from(harm) 保护……不受(伤害)
[即学即练4](1)They couldn't ________ us __________ our rights.他们不能阻挠我们捍卫我们的权利。
(2)We need some lawyers to ____________.
我们需要几个律师为我们辩护。
(3)We should ______ the child ______ harm.
我们要保护这孩子不受伤害。
(4)Their duty is to ______ the country ______ its enemies.
他们的职责就是保卫国家抵御敌人(入侵)。
prevent
defending
defend
from
defend
against
5〃likely adj. 可能的adv. 很可能
It‘s likely that...＝Sb./Sth. be likely to do...……
是可能的。
not likely (坚决不同意)绝不可能，绝对不会
[即学即练5](1)John ______________ be in London this autumn.今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。(2)The park is a ______ place for the picnic.
这公园倒是个适合野餐的地方。
(3)______ isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.要我接受这样的建议是不大可能的。
(4)We will ___________ likely be late.我们很有可能会迟到。
is likely to
likely
It
most/very
【注意】likely做副词的时候多和most, very连用。
6〃ease n. 安逸；舒适vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
at ease 舒适，快活，自由自在
with ease 轻易地，毫不费力地
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松
put/set sb. at one‘s ease 使某人放松、松弛
take one’s ease 休息，轻松一下
[即学即练6](1)The medicine __________________.
这种药镇痛。
(2)He is living a life _________.他过着舒适的生活。
(3)He passed the examination ____________.
他轻松地通过了考试。
(4)I never feel completely _________ with him.
我跟他在一起总感到不是很自在。
eased the pain
of ease
with ease
at ease
7〃in general 总的来说；通常
as a general rule 一般而言；通常，总之
generally speaking 一般而言
It's generally believed that... 普遍认为……
[即学即练7](1)He has been promoted to ________________.
他已被提升为总经理。
(2)_________________，we enjoyed the trip.
总的来说，我们这次旅行很愉快。
(3)____________ commanded his men to advance.
将军命令他的士兵向前挺进。
(4)____________，her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful. 总的说来，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了。
general manager
The general
In general
拓展：on the whole总的来说
generally speaking一般说来
as a whole就整体上来看
in a word总之
As a whole, the book is worth reading.就整体来看，这本书值得看。
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
Not_all_cultures greet each other the same way, nor_are_they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。
(1)not all...是部分否定，与not构成部分否定的词还有：both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, wholly, altogether。
Not every student passed the exam.
并非所有的学生都通过了考试。
Not all of us can speak English.
并非我们都会说英语。
提示：表示全部否定的词有：none, nobody, neither, never, nothing, nowhere, no one, not at all。
(2)本句后半句是nor 引起的倒装句，nor 位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。
She doesn‘t like dance, nor does her sister.
她不喜欢跳舞，她姐姐也不喜欢。
归纳拓展：含有否定意义的词置于句首往往引起部分倒装：
①含有否定意义的副词放在句首，如：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等。
Never before has our country been as united as it is today. 我们国家从没像现在这样团结。
②含有否定意义的连词置于句首，如：neither...nor, no sooner...than..., scarcely...when..., hardly...when...等。
No sooner had he left home than it began to rain.
他一出家门天就开始下雨。
③含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首，如：by no means, in no time, in no case, on no account
On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.
你无论如何不能违背自己的良心而得到钱财。
[即境活用](2008·辽宁卷)Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by John, and ______. A〃I was neither B．neither was I
C〃I was either D．either was I
答案：B
解析：考查neither 用于句首，倒装。
易错点拨自我完善·误区备考
1.represent/on behalf of/stand for
(1)represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”。
(2)on behalf of只能用做状语，表示“代表/代替某人”。
(3)stand for往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”。
[应用1]用represent/stand for/on behalf of填空
(1)He ___________ our school to take part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.
(2)_____________ everyone here, I wish you a very happy holiday.
(3)What does the letter “E”___________？
represented
On behalf of
stand for
2. protect/defend/guard
(1)protect指采取一定措施，使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害，使用范围广泛。
(2)defend着重指用武力抵御攻击和侵犯。
(3)guard强调通过看守警戒，以确保安全。
[应用2](1)The PLA Navy ______ the coastline of our motherland.
中国人民解放军海军守卫着我们祖国的海岸线。
(2)We must ______ the children from harm.
我们必须保护儿童免受伤害。
(3)We shall ______ our country, whatever cost may be.
无论付出什么代价，我们都要保卫我们的祖国。
guard
protect
defend
3. likely/probable/possible
(1)likely 强调表面上看来有可能，与probable 意思接近，有时可以互换，但likely 常暗示从表面迹象来判断。常用句型：
①Sth./Sb. be likely to do...
②It is likely that...
(2)probable 表示有几分根据的推测，比possible 表示的可能性大。换句话说，probable的“有可能”，是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。
常用句型：It is probable that...
(3)possible 表示客观上潜在的可能性，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。
常用句型：①It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.
②It is possible that...
③sth. is possible
④as quickly/much/soon...as possible
[应用3](1)It is _________ that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesn’t seem ___________.
(2)The weather is ______ to be fine.
(3)It is _________ for us to get from Beijing to Tianjin in less than an hour.
possible
probable
likely
高效作业自我测评·技能备考
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1〃He was c______________ about everything he saw and kept asking questions.
2〃In some countries, a visitor will be g_________ with a kiss on the cheek.
3〃What does X r___________ in this equation (方程式)?
4〃G_________ speaking, women cry more easily than men.
5〃I prefer c____________ to tragedy.
curious
greeted
represent
Generally
comedy
6〃The _________(主要的) subjects in senior high schools are Chinese, English and mathematics. 7〃Quarrels are usually caused because of
___________________(误解)．
8〃As you ____________(接近) the town, the first building you see is the church.
9〃His __________ (口头的) English is pretty good.
10〃Can you show me to the ___________ (宿舍)?
major
misunderstanding
approach
spoken
dormitory
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．—It's a very interesting book.
—______.
—And thank you very much for letting me keep it so long.
A．I…m glad you like it B．That's all right
C．Don't mention it D．I hope you like it
答案：A
解析：考查交际用语。由thank you very much for letting me keep it so long可知书已看完，选A。
2．(2010·福建六校三联)Living in the dormitory means ______ to take care of yourself, understand each other's differences and share ______ interests.
A．to learn; common B．learning; ordinary
C．to learn; ordinary D．learning; common
答案：D
解析：考查非谓语动词和形容词的用法。mean doing sth表示“意味着……”，mean to do sth表示“打算做某事”，结合语意可排除A、C两项；common interests意思是“共同的兴趣爱好”，符合语意。
3〃The Olympic mascots are the Olympic flame, the fish, the panda, the Tibetan antelope and the swallow, ______ a close group of friends.
A〃to represent B．representing
C〃represented D．represent
答案：B
解析：考查非谓语动词。representing 为现在分词做后置定语。
4．(2010·长春调研)－Is your husband good at cleaning up the room?
－Not very, but when it ______ cooking, he is much better than I am.
A．talks about B．refers to
C．comes to D．deals with
答案：C
解析：考查动词短语。“When it comes to...”是常用句式，意思是“当谈及某事的时候……”。5．He sat back on the chair, listening to the MP4 and ______.
A．looking at ease B．looked at ease
C．being looked at ease D．to look at ease
答案：A
解析：looking “看上去，看起来”，为现在分词做状语，表伴随，与listening to...并列。
6．(2010·安徽皖南八校二联)Many youth went to the shanghai Science and Technology Museum on Nov. 16, 2009, ______ U．S. President Barack Obama delivered a speech during his four－day state visit.
A．which B．in that
C．where D．that
答案：C
解析：考查定语从句的用法。where引导的定语从句修饰先行词the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.
7〃From then on we never saw her again, nor ______ from her.
A〃heard we B．had we heard
C〃we have heard D．did we hear
答案：D
解析：否定词nor 放于句首，句子部分倒装，且与saw时态一致，故选D。
8．I do every single bit of housework ______ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A．since B．while
C．when D．as
答案：B
解析：while 表示对比，对照，译为“然而”。
9〃At the meeting they discussed three different______to the study of mathematics.
A〃approaches B．means
C〃methods D．ways
答案：A
解析：四个词都有“方法”的意思，但只有approach 后接介词to＋n./v.－ing。way后接of sth./doing sth. 或to do sth.; means 和method 后接of sth.或of doing sth.。
10．The city______by an army of 600 men was difficult to take.
A．defending B．having been defended
C．having defended D．defended
答案：D
解析：过去分词短语defended by...做定语，相当于一个定语从句which was defended by...；B 项只做状语，不做定语。
11．Wise teachers know it’s impossible for all the students to learn all the subjects well because ______ of them are not fit for them.
A．every one B．all
C．none D．not all
答案：B
解析：此处all与后面的not连用，表示部分否定。
12．______，most teenagers now listen to rock music. However, John likes classical music better. A．In a word B．In general
C．In time D．In total
答案：B
解析：in a word意为“总之，一句话；总而言之”；in general意为“大体上；一般地”；in total 意为“总共”；in time“及时”。通过句意可以看出，“大多数青少年喜欢听摇滚乐”是一种一般的、普遍的情况，所以选B。
13．______ different kinds of pianos, the factory is sure they can satisfy people’s needs.
A．To produce B．Being produced
C．Produced D．Having produced
答案：D
解析：根据后半句说，“工厂确信能满足人们的需要”，那么前提应该是“生产各种各样的钢琴”已经成为事实，所以用现在完成时，动词 ing形式做状语。
14．If you hurry up, I think it quite ______ that you will catch the flight to Hong Kong. There are 40 minutes left.
A．probably B．likely
C．possibly D．certainly
答案：B
解析：由句子结构可知此处应填形容词做宾语补足语，likely adj.可能的。
15〃－Was that the new book that they all mentioned at the fair?
－______.
A〃They must be B．It must have been
C〃They were D．It mustn’t have been
答案：B
解析：考查情态动词表推测。上文的was是解决该题的关键，由此可知，B项正确。对过去的推测一律用“情态动词＋have done”结构。D项表禁止而非猜测。
When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship.Having been a Straight A student, I believed I could __1__ tough subjects and really learn something.One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne.I was extremely interested in the ideas he __2__ in class. When I took the first exam, I was __3__ to find a 77, C plus, on my test paper, __4__ English was my best subject.I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained __5__.
I decided to try harder, although I didn't know what that __6__ because school had always been easy for me.I read the books more carefully, but got another 77.Again, I __7__ with Professor Jayne.Again, he listened patiently but wouldn't change his __8__ .
One more test before the final exam.One more __9__ to improve my grade.So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time, __10__ the meaning of the word “thorough”．But my __11__ did no good and everything __12__ as before.
The last hurdle (障碍) was the final.No matter what __13__ I got, it wouldn't cancel three C pluses.I might as well kiss the __14__ goodbye.
I stopped working hard.I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would.The night before the final, I even __15__ myself to a movie.The next day I decided for once I'd have
__16__ with a test.
A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A．I hurried into Professor Jayne's office.He __17__ to be expecting me.“If I gave you the As you __18__，you wouldn't continue to work as hard.”
I stared at him, __19__ that his analysis and strategy(策略) were correct.I had worked my head __20__，as I had never done before.
I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A plus.It was the only A plus given.The next year I received my scholarship.I've always remembered Professor Jayne's lesson: you alone must set your own standard of excellence.
1〃A.take B．discuss
C〃cover D．get
2〃A.sought B．presented
C〃exchanged D．obtained
3〃A.shocked B．worried
4〃A.but B．so
C〃for D．or
5〃A.unchanged B．unpleasant
C〃unfriendly D．unmoved
6〃A.reflected B．meant
C〃improved D．affected 7〃A.quarreled B．reasoned C〃bargained D．chatted
8〃A.attitude B．mind
C〃plan D．view
9〃A.choice B．step
C〃chance D．measure 10〃A.memorized B．considered
C〃accepted D．learned
11〃A.ambition B．confidence
C〃effort D．method 12〃A.stayed B．went
C〃worked D．changed 13〃A.grade B．answer
C〃lesson D．comment 14〃A.scholarship B．course
C〃degree D．subject
15〃A.helped B．favored
C〃treated D．relaxed
16〃A.fun B．luck
C〃problems D．tricks
17〃A.happened B．proved
C〃pretended D．seemed
18〃A.valued B．imagined
C〃expected D．welcomed
19〃A.remembering B．guessing
C〃supposing D．realizing
20〃A.out B．over
C〃on D．off
答案及解析：
1〃A。这里用take a subject/course，take表示“攻读(某课程)”。我在中学的学习成绩都是“全优”，我想我可以学比较难的课程，真正学点东西。
2〃B。本题用动词present表示“陈述；呈现(观点、计划等)”。我特别喜欢世界文学课的Jayne 教授在课堂给我们陈述的那些观点。
3〃A。我对自己的能力很自信，对老师的课也很感兴趣，可是考试结果我只得了77分，得了个C＋，这让我觉得诧异。
并由此去找教授评理。
5〃D。教授只听我理论，没有说话。从四个选项的含义看，这里用(he remained)unmoved表示教授听了我的争论与辩解却无动于衷。unmoved表示“没有被打动”。
6〃B。教授不为我所动，没办法，我只能更努力地学习。但我也不知道更努力地学习“意味着”什么，因为我的学习一直都很好，学习很顺利。
7〃B。更努力地学习的结果是第二次考试还是77分，于是我再次去找教授理论。这里用reason 与上文的argument呼应，表示作者对自己这么低的考试分数不服气，与教授辩论。
8〃B。前面说了，第一次找他的时候，他无动于衷，这次还是一样，他不愿意改变初衷，不愿意改动我的分数。
9〃C。期末考试前还有一次考试，这是我提高考试分数的又一次“机会”。
10〃D。我再次加倍努力学习，并且第一次充分明白了什么叫“彻底”地学习。
11〃C。可是我所付出的这一切努力都没有任何作用。这里用effort指前面提到的我一次次加倍努力学习。
12〃B。这里表示一切照旧，但不能用系动词，因为句中没有表语，而是用不及物动词go表示“进展，发生”。
13〃A。无论期末考试结果如何，这都改不了一个事实：我已经得了三个77分，三个C＋了。
14〃A。学习成绩不优秀，拿奖学金是没有指望了。这里不是说和课程、学位告别，而是连续三个C＋使我拿不到奖学金了。
15〃C。本题用treat表示“招待，款待”：期末考试的前夜，我甚至放纵自己去看电影了。16〃A。我开始放弃学业了，在考试的前一天晚上去看电影，笫二天，我就决心把考试当做
好玩的游戏了。
17〃D。前面几次考试我都去找他理论，这次他似乎也早就在期待我的到来了。
18〃C。假如前几次考试我遂你的心愿，每次都给你个A等，你就不会继续努力学习了。19〃D。我意识到他的这些分析与学习策略是对的。
20〃D。本题用动词短语work off表示“(通过无礼的方式等)发泄(怒气、沮丧之情)”。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Once there lived a boy was very fond of 1.______
reading. But he was so poor to buy any 2.______
books. So he had to borrow them from a rich man 3.______
lived far away. The boy always tried 4.______
hard to finish read the books and returned 5.______
boy后加who
so→too
√
lived后加who
read→reading
them to the owner within the giving time. So 6.______
the rich man was ready lend him any of the 7.______
books he wanted them. In this way he read a lot 8.______
and late became a well known writer of his time. 9.______
However, the rich man's son who didn't like to study
remained a man with a little knowledge. 10.______
giving→given
lend→to lend
去掉them
late→later
去掉第二个a
按住Ctrl 键单击鼠标打开教学视频动画全册播放 1.1．1 任意角 教学目标 （一） 知识与技能目标 理解任意角的概念(包括正角、负角、零角) 与区间角的概念. （二） 过程与能力目标 会建立直角坐标系讨论任意角,能判断象限角,会书写终边相同角的集合；掌握区间角的集合的书写． （三） 情感与态度目标 1． 提高学生的推理能力； 2．培养学生应用意识． 教学重点 任意角概念的理解；区间角的集合的书写． 教学难点 终边相同角的集合的表示；区间角的集合的书写． 教学过程 一、引入： 1．回顾角的定义 ①角的第一种定义是有公共端点的两条射线组成的图形叫做角. ②角的第二种定义是角可以看成平面内一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所形成的图形． 二、新课： 1．角的有关概念： ①角的定义： 角可以看成平面内一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所形成的图形． ②角的名称： ③角的分类： ④注意： ⑴在不引起混淆的情况下，“角α ”或“∠α ”可以简化成“α ”； ⑵零角的终边与始边重合，如果α是零角α =0°； ⑶角的概念经过推广后，已包括正角、负角和零角． ⑤练习：请说出角α、β、γ各是多少度? 2．象限角的概念： ①定义：若将角顶点与原点重合，角的始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，那么角的终边(端点除外)在第几象限，我们就说这个角是第几象限角． 例1．如图⑴⑵中的角分别属于第几象限角？ 正角：按逆时针方向旋转形成的角 零角：射线没有任何旋转形成的角 负角：按顺时针方向旋转形成的角 始边 终边 顶点 A O B
例2．在直角坐标系中，作出下列各角，并指出它们是第几象限的角． ⑴ 60°； ⑵ 120°； ⑶ 240°； ⑷ 300°； ⑸ 420°； ⑹ 480°； 答：分别为1、2、3、4、1、2象限角． 3．探究：教材P3面 终边相同的角的表示： 所有与角α终边相同的角，连同α在内，可构成一个集合S ＝{ β | β = α + k ·360 ° ， k ∈Z}，即任一与角α终边相同的角，都可以表示成角α与整个周角的和． 注意： ⑴ k ∈Z ⑵ α是任一角； ⑶ 终边相同的角不一定相等，但相等的角终边一定相同．终边相同的角有无限个，它们相差 360°的整数倍； ⑷ 角α + k ·720 °与角α终边相同，但不能表示与角α终边相同的所有角． 例3．在0°到360°范围内，找出与下列各角终边相等的角，并判断它们是第几象限角． ⑴－120°；⑵640 °；⑶－950°12＇． 答：⑴240°,第三象限角；⑵280°,第四象限角；⑶129°48＇,第二象限角； 例4．写出终边在y 轴上的角的集合(用0°到360°的角表示) ． 解:{α | α = 90°+ n ·180°,n ∈Z}． 例5．写出终边在x y =上的角的集合S,并把S 中适合不等式－360°≤β＜720°的元素β写出来． 4．课堂小结 ①角的定义； ②角的分类： ③象限角； ④终边相同的角的表示法． 5．课后作业： ①阅读教材P 2-P 5； ②教材P 5练习第1-5题； ③教材P .9习题1.1第1、2、3题 思考题：已知α角是第三象限角，则2α，2 α 各是第几象限角？ 解：α 角属于第三象限， 正角：按逆时针方向旋转形成的角 零角：射线没有任何旋转形成的角 负角：按顺时针方向旋转形成的角
.精品文档. 人教版2018 高一英语必修一Unit4 单词表 人教版2018 高一英语必修一Unit 4 单词表Unit 4 earthquake n. 地震quake n. 地震right away 立刻；马上well n. 井 △ rak n. 裂缝；噼啪声 vt. ≈ vi. (使)开裂；破裂 △ selly ad. 发臭的；有臭味的 △ faryard n. 农场；农家pipe n. 管；导管burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发illin n. 百万event n. 事件；大事as if 仿佛；好像at an end 结束；终结 natin n. 民族；国家；国民anal n. 运河； 水道stea n. 蒸汽；水汽 .精品文档. dirt n. 污垢；泥土ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪suffering n. 苦难；痛苦extree ad. 极度的inure vt. 损害；伤害 △ survivr n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物 destry vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭brik n. 砖；
砖块da n. 水坝；堰堤trak n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹useless ad. 无用的；无效的；无益的shk vt. ≈ vi. （使）震惊；震动n. 休克；打击；震惊resue n. ≈ vt. 援救；营救 trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境eletriity n. 电；电流；电学disaster n. 灾难；灾祸dig ut 掘出；发现bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 .精品文档. ine n. 矿；矿山；矿井iner n. 矿工shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 a (great) nuber f 许多；大量的title n. 标题；头衔；资格reprter n. 记者bar n. 条；棒；条状物daage n. ≈ vt. 损失；损害frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬frightened ad. 受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening ad. 令人恐惧的ngratulatin n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词udge n. 裁判员；法官vt. 断定；判断；判决sinerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地express vt. 表示；表达n. 快车；速递utline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓headline n. 报刊的大字标题ylist n. 骑自行
【学习内容】本单元的重点单词词组 【学习目标】1.自主学习，合作探究，完成导学案预习探究案 2.能拼读并熟记本单元词汇 3.掌握重点单词短语的用法，并会熟练运用 【预习案】 根据要求写出下列单词 1. n.记者_______________ 2. n.照片_______________ 3. adj. 值得赞扬的_______________ 4. adj.不同寻常的________________ 5. submit 6. adj. 专业的_____________ : 7. colleague 8. v.获得；取得___________ 9. v.评估；评定_________________ 10. deadline 11. adv.其间；同时______________12. thorough 13. adj.有罪的；内疚的___________ 14. deliberately 15. adj.有天赋的__________ 对…有天赋_________________或_____________________ 16. case 万一_______________ 如果那样的话______________ 【探究案】 1. delighted 词性：______ 含义：____________ 【知识回顾】令某人高兴的是_______________ 高兴地____________ 以…为乐______________ - 【语境领悟】例句一：I am delighted at your success. 短语一：________________ 含义：_______________ 例句二：I was delighted to hear you passed the exam. 短语二：________________ 含义：_______________ 【牛刀小试】a. _______________, the trip to Qingdao was really fun. 令我们高兴的是，到青岛的旅行很有趣。 b. We’d be much ___________________ your invitation. 我们很高兴接受你的邀请。 2. assist 词性：_______ 含义：___________ n.助手；售货员___________ 【改写句子】assist sb to do sth=assist sb in doing sth=assist sb with sth帮助某人做某事… She employed a woman to assist her with the house work. = She employed a woman to _____________________________________. = She employed a woman to _____________________________________. 词性：_______ 含义：______________ 【语境领悟】例句一：Mike is eager to stay away from the busy city life for a while. 短语一：___________________ 含义：________________ 例句二：He is eager for success.
Unit 4 单词讲解journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者 journal n. 日志，日记；杂志；刊物 involve vt. 牵涉；涉及；包括；使参与（卷入）……be/ get involved in...被牵连;被卷入;参与;陷入photograph n. 照片vt. 给……照相photographer n. 摄影师 photography n. 摄影 unforgettable abj. 难忘的；永远记得的 forgetful adj.健忘的 assignment n. 任务；分配 assign vt. 分配；布置 delighted adj 快乐的；欣喜的 admirable adj. 值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的 admire v. 钦佩；赞赏；仰慕 admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏 unusual adj.不同寻常的；独特的 assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助 assistant n. 助手；助理；售货员 assistance n.帮助 submit vt.递交；呈递（文件等） submission n.递交; 屈服；投降 submit sth. to sb. 把...提交给某人 submit (oneself) to ... 屈服于... profession n.职业；专业 professional adj. 专业的；职业的n. 专业人员professor n.教授 colleague n. 同事 eager adj. 渴望的；热切的 be eager to do...渴望做某事 be eager for sth. 渴望某物 concentrate vt. 集中；聚集 concentration n.专心；专注 concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于 amateur n. 业余爱好者adj.业余的 update vt. 更新；使现代化 acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到 acquirement n.获得;学得的东西（如技艺、技能等）assess vt. 评估；评定 assessor n. 评估员 assessment n.评估；评定 inform vt. 告知；通知 inform sb. of /about sth.告知某人某事 information n. 信息 keep sb. informed of/ about sth. 使某人了解某事 deadline n. 最后期限 meet the deadline 在最后期限内完成 interviewee n. 参加面试者；接受采访者 meanwhile adv. 其间；同时 in the meanwhile 在此期间，同时 depend on 依靠；依赖 case n. 情况；病例；案例 in this case 在这种情况下;这样的话 in no case 绝不 in case of sth. 以防;万一 in case + 句子 accuse vt.指责；谴责；控告 accuse…of 因……指责或控告…… accusation n. 指责；谴责；控告 charge sb. with (doing) sth.指控某人做了某事 deliberately adv.故意地 so as to (do sth) 为了（做）…… deny vt. 否认；拒绝 deny (doing) sth.否认(做了)某事 sceptical adj. 怀疑的（<美>skeptical） be sceptical of/ about...怀疑... guilty adj. 犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的 guilt n.内疚；罪行 be guilty of...犯有...罪 be guilty about...对...感到内疚 dilemma n.（进退两难的）困境；窘境 in a dilemma 进退两难;左右为难 demand n. 需求；要求vt. 强烈要求 demand (that) sb. (should) do...要求某人做... demanding adj. 要求很高的；费力的 the demand for sth.对...的需求 be in (great) demand （极大需求） meet/satisfy one's demand 满足某人的需求 publish vt.出版；发行；发表；公布 scoop n. 抢先获得的新闻、利润等；勺子；铲子 section n. 部分；节 concise adj. 简明的；简练的 imaginative adj. 富于想象力的 imagine v. 想象；设想+doing sth. imagination n.想象；想象力 imaginary adj. 想象中的；虚构的 technical adj.技术（上）的；技巧方面的 technically adv.技术上；工艺上 thorough adj.彻底的；详尽的 gifted adj. 有天赋的 be gifted in =have a gift for有...天赋 gift n.礼物；天赋 idiomatic adj.惯用的；合乎语言习惯的 housewife n. 家庭主妇 crime n. 罪行；犯罪 commit a crime 犯罪 criminal n. 罪犯 edition n. 版（本）；版次 edit v. 编辑editor n.编辑 ahead of 在……前面 department n. 部门；部；处；系 accurate adj.精确的；正确的 senior adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的 junior adj. 级别(或地位)低的；青少年的 polish vt. 擦亮；磨光；润色 chief adj. 主要的；首席的n. 首领；长官 approve vt. 赞成；认可；批准 disapprove vi. 不赞同 approving adj.赞成的;同意的 disapproving adj.不赞成的 approval n. 赞成；同意 approve of sth. 赞同... approve of sb. doing sth.同意某人做... process vt.加工；处理n. 过程；程序；步骤 in the process of...在...的过程中 negative n. 底片；否定a dj. 否定的；消极的 positive adj.积极的 appointment n.约会；任命 appoint v.任命 make an appointment 约会；预约 - 1 -
第1，2课时1.1．1 任意角 教学目标 （一） 知识与技能目标 理解任意角的概念(包括正角、负角、零角) 与区间角的概念. （二） 过程与能力目标 会建立直角坐标系讨论任意角,能判断象限角,会书写终边相同角的集合；掌握区间角的集合的书写． （三） 情感与态度目标 1． 提高学生的推理能力； 2．培养学生应用意识． 教学重点：任意角概念的理解；区间角的集合的书写． 教学难点：终边相同角的集合的表示；区间角的集合的书写． 教学过程 一、引入： 1．回顾角的定义 ①角的第一种定义是有公共端点的两条射线组成的图形叫做角. ②角的第二种定义是角可以看成平面内一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所形成的图形． 二、新课： 1．角的有关概念： ①角的定义： 角可以看成平面内一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所形成的图形． ②角的名称： ③角的分类： ④注意： ⑴在不引起混淆的情况下，“角α ”或“∠α ”可以简化成“α ”； ⑵零角的终边与始边重合，如果α是零角α =0°； ⑶角的概念经过推广后，已包括正角、负角和零角． ⑤练习：请说出角α、β、γ各是多少度? 2．象限角的概念： ①定义：若将角顶点与原点重合，角的始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，那么 正角：按逆时针方向旋转形成的角 零角：射线没有任何旋转形成的角 始 边 终 边 顶 点 A O B 负角：按顺时针方向旋转形成的角
角的终边(端点除外)在第几象限，我们就说这个角是第几象限角． 例1．如图⑴⑵中的角分别属于第几象限角？ 例2．在直角坐标系中，作出下列各角，并指出它们是第几象限的角． ⑴ 60°； ⑵ 120°； ⑶ 240°； ⑷ 300°； ⑸ 420°； ⑹ 480°； 答：分别为1、2、3、4、1、2象限角． 3．探究： 终边相同的角的表示： 所有与角α终边相同的角，连同α在内，可构成一个集合S ＝{β|β=α+k ·360°，k ∈Z}，即任一与角α终边相同的角，都可以表示成角α与整个周角的和． 注意： ⑴ k ∈Z ⑵ α是任一角； ⑶ 终边相同的角不一定相等，但相等的角终边一定相同．终边相同的角有无限个，它们相差 360°的整数倍； ⑷ 角α + k ·720 °与角α终边相同，但不能表示与角α终边相同的所有角． 例3．在0°到360°范围内，找出与下列各角终边相等的角，并判断它们是第几象限角． ⑴－120°；⑵640 °；⑶－950°12＇． 答：⑴240°,第三象限角；⑵280°,第四象限角；⑶129°48＇,第二象限角； 例4．写出终边在y 轴上的角的集合(用0°到360°的角表示) ． 解:{α | α = 90°+ n ·180°,n ∈Z}． 例5．写出终边在x y 上的角的集合S,并把S 中适合不等式－360°≤β＜720°的元素β写出来． 4．课堂小结 ①角的定义； ②角的分类： ⑵ B 1 y ⑴ O x 45° B 2 O x B 3 y 30° 60o
高中英语必修一重点单词短语总结Unit 1 导语：高中英语重在积累，每个单元稳扎稳打才能步步为营。下面是小编为大家整理的高中英语教材必修一的重点单词短语的总结，这篇是第一单元Unit1的。 Unit 1 重点单词和短语 1、add up合计 add up to…共计, 总计达 add…to把…加在里面 2、upset sb. 某人不安 upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼 be upset at/about 因…而烦恼 3、ignore sb./sth. 忽视，不理会 be ignorant of 对…无知，不了解 ignorant adj 无知的，愚昧的 ignorance n 无知.愚昧 4、calm vt.&vi. (使)平静;(使)镇定 calm down 镇静, 平静 calm sb. down 使某人镇静 adj. 平静的;镇定的 keep calm 保持镇静 5、concern vt. 使担忧;涉及;关系到 n. 担心;关注 with concern 关切地 show (no) concern for/about sb. 对某人(不)关心, concern oneself with/ in 参与，干涉 be concerned with 与…有关系 be concerned about/ for sth. /that-clause 为…担心，挂念 As far as… be concerned 就某某而言 concerning prep. 关于，有关 6、walk the dog 遛狗 7、go through 经历, 经受 go through a hard time 经历了一段困难时期go through the baggage 检查行李 go through the newspaper 浏览报纸 go through lots of money 花了很多钱 8、set down. 记下，放下 set down the ideas on paper 把想法写在纸上set me down at the bus-stop 在车站让我下车 9、a series of 一系列的, 一连串的 a series of books 丛书 a series of stamps 一套邮票 a series of pictures 连环画 10、on purpose 故意地= by design= deliberately by chance/accident= accidentally lie to sb. on purpose 故意向某人撒谎 on purpose to do sth. 为了…而特地 go there on purpose to see sb. 特意到那里去看某人for/with the purpose of 为了…地目的 11、in order to/ so as to (do sth.) 为了, 以……为目的
一.What do you imagine will be your future occupation? He has no fixed occupation. She has been ___for years. A. out of job B. out of working C. out of a work D. out of a job Those who want to apply for the position should state their name, age and ____. A. occupation B. profession C. work D. job 1. occupation可泛指各种职业。Profession指必须受过相当的教育或专门训练才能从事的知识性职业，例如律师、医生、建筑师等。 The legal profession has[have] always resisted change. 法律界人士对变革总是加以抵制。 2. career指的是终身事业，而job work指人们为谋生而做的工作。 3. job主要指有报酬的工作，可数。而work可指任何需要作出努力来完成的事，不可数名词。Works指？ She was born in France during German occupation. 她在德国占领期间生于法国。 The new house is ready for occupation. 新屋可以_______. 二．Suppose you were to be a journalist for China Daily, … Suppose引导条件状语从句。从句中表将来的事情不用将来时，而用一般现在时，若语气不肯定，有时还可用虚拟语气。 Suppose/supposing you had one million dollars, what would you do? 1.suppose sb to be + n./ adj.意为“认为某人是…..,假定某人是…..”。例如：All of her friends suppose him to be her husband. 2.be supposed to do sth = be expected to do sth/should do sth/ ought to do sth, 意为“应做某事”。例 如：We’re supposed to help each other. 3.do you suppose在句中常铸插入语。Suppose还可用在简略的回答中。例如：where do you suppose he will go after school? ——Are you going to the meeting?——Yes, I suppose so.（No,I don’t suppose so./No, I suppose not.） 1．—We haven't heard from Jane for a long time．—What do you suppose _____ to her？ A．was happening B．to happen C．has happened D．having happened 2．I don't suppose anyone will volunteer，_____ ？ A．do I B．don't I C．will they D．won't they 3．_____ you do this experiment with a friend． A．Think B．Guess C．Suggest D．Suppose 4.—How do you ____we go to Beijing for our holidays? ---I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest 5. She is supposed ____ at home now. A. to read B. reading C. to be reading D. be reading 6.----you should apologize to her, Barry. ---- ____, but it’s not going to be easy. A. I suppose so B. I feel so C. I prefer to D. I’d like to 三．Then discuss in pairs and fill in the chart below.
必修I---unit 4 I---IV Earthquakes 一、知识点 1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在，假设有一次大地震。 “There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有： There happen to be 碰巧有 There seems/appears to be 好像有 There is likely to be 可能有 There may/might be 也许有 There must be 一定有 There can’t be 不可能有 There is said/reported to be 据说/据报道有 There used to be 曾经有 There is sure/certain to be 一定有 2. happen to. It (so) happened that… Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗? What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up? 如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办? I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 I happened to be out when he called. 他来访时，恰巧我出去了。(= It happened that I was out when he called.) I happened on just the thing I had been looking for. 我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。 3. right away毫不迟疑，立刻 He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away. 他病了, 你应该立即请大夫来。 4. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 裂缝里冒出臭气。 5. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示“(在某人)看来好像；似乎” ①It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起来好像… ②Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…(不用seem/appear) ③There seems/appears(to be)…(不用look) There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake. ④It seems so. =So it seems.看来似乎是这样。 8. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。
新人教版高中数学必修四教材分析
一、教材分析的理论 本文分析的内容为新人A教版高中数学（必修四），运用系统理论进行研究，其出发点就是将教材看成是一个系统。分析系统的要素之间整体与部分的构成关系，以及形成的不同质态的分系统及其排列次序。 进行教材分析，首先从整个数学教育发展到教师个人专业成长，再到课堂教学等方面研究教材分析的意义；然后，按照树立正确教材观、深刻理解课标、分析教材特点、分析教材内容结构、处理教材等步骤研究如何科学分析高中数学教材，其中的案例均来自人教A版高中数学(必修四)；最后，结合典例分析的感悟，提出了高中数学教材分析时应坚持的思想性、实践性、整体性及发展性原则，以提升教材分析的效果。 二、数学必修四第三章的教材分析 从系统上看作为新课程高中数学非常重要的必修四，它是由“第一章三角函数、第二章平面向量、第三章三角恒等变换”三部分内容组成。内容层层递进，逐步深入，这对于发展学生的运算和推理能力都有好处。 本章内容以三角恒等变换重点，体会向量方法的作用，并利用单位圆中的三角函数线、三角形中的边角关系等建立的正弦、余弦值的等量关系。在两角差的余弦公式的推导中体现了数形结合思想以及向量方法的应用；从两角差的余弦公式推出两角和与差的正弦、余弦、正切公式，二倍角的正弦、余弦和正切公式的过程中，始终引导学生
体会化归思想；在应用公式进行恒等变换的过程中，渗透了观察、类比、特殊化、化归等思想方法。特别是充分发挥了“观察”“思考”“探究”等栏目的作用，对学生解决问题的一般思路进行引导。教材还对三角变换中的数学思想方法作了明确的总结。 本章还强调了用向量方法推导差角的余弦公式，并用三角函数之间的关系推导和（差）角公式、二倍角公式。要把重点放在培养学生的推理能力和运算能力上，降低变换的技巧性要求。教学时应当把握好这种“度”，遵循“标准”所规定的内容和要求，不要随意补充知识点（如半角公式、积化和差与和差化积公式，这些公式只是作为基本训练的素材，结果不要求记忆，更不要求运用）。 三、数学必修四第三章第一课时的教材分析 3.1教学要求： 基本要求： ①能利用和、差、倍角的公式进行基本的变形，并证明三角恒等式。 ②能利用三角恒等变换研究三角函数的性质。 ③能把一些实际问题化为三角问题，通过三角变换解决。 发展要求： ①了解和、差、倍角公式的特点，并进行变形应用。 ②理解三角变换的基本特点和基本功能。 ③了解三角变换中蕴藏的数学思想和方法。 3.2重点难点：
、 .~ ①我们‖打〈败〉了敌人。 ②我们‖〔把敌人〕打〈败〉了。 高一新课标人教版必修4公式总结 复习指南 1．注重基础和通性通法 在平时的学习中，应立足教材，学好用好教材，深入地钻研教材，挖掘教材的潜力，注意避免眼高手低，偏重难题，搞题海战术，轻视基础知识和基本方法的不良倾向，当然注重基础和通性通法的同时，应注重一题多解的探索，经常利用变式训练和变式引申来提高自己的分析问题、解决问题的能力。 2.注重思维的严谨性 平时学习过程中应避免只停留在“懂”上，因为听懂了不一定会，会了不一定对，对了不一定美。即数学学习的五种境界：听——懂——会——对——美。 我们今后要在第五种境界上下功夫，每年的高考结束，结果下来都可以发现我们宿迁市的考生与南方的差距较大，这就是其中的一个原因。 另外我们的学生的解题的素养不够，比如仅仅一点“规范答题”问题，我们老师也强调很多遍，但作为学生的你们又有几人能够听进去！ 希望大家还是能够做到我经常所讲的做题的“三观”： 1. 审题观 2. 思想方法观 3. 步骤清晰、层次分明观 3. 注重应用意识的培养 注重培养用数学的眼光观察和分析实际问题，提高数学的兴趣，增强学好数学的信心，达到培养创新精神和实践能力的目的。 4.培养学习与反思的整合 建构主义学习观认为知识并不是简单的由教师或者其他人传授给学生的，而只能由学生依据自身已有的知识、经验，主动地加以建构。学习是一个创造的过程，一个批判、选择、和存疑的过程，一个充满想象、探索和体验的过程。你不想学，老师强行的逼迫是不容易的或者说是作用不大，俗话说“强扭的瓜不甜”嘛！数学学习不但要对概念、结论和技能进行记忆，积累和模仿，而且还要动手实践，自主探索，并且在获得知识的基础上进行反思和修正。（这也就是我们经常将让大家一定要好好预习，养成自学的好习惯。）记得有一位中科院的教授曾经给“科学”下了一个定义：科学就是以怀疑和接纳新知识作为进步的标准的一门学问，仔细想来确实很有道理！ 所以我们在平时学习中要注意反思，只有这样才能使内容得到巩固，知识的得到拓展，能力得到提高，思维得到优化，创新能力得到真正的发展，希望大能够让数学反思成为我们的自然的习惯！ 5.注重平时的听课效率 听课效率高不仅可以让自己深刻的理解知识，而且事半功倍，可以省好多的时间。而有些同学则认为上课时听不到什么，索性就不听，抓紧课堂上的每一点时间做题，多做几道题心里就踏实。这种认识是不科学的，想象如果上课没有用的话，国家还开办学校干嘛？只要印刷课本就足够了，学生买了书就可以自己学习到时候参加考试就行了。 想想好多东西还是在课堂上聆听的，听听老师对问题的分析和解题技巧，老师是如何想到的，与自己预习时的想法比较。课堂上记下比较重要的东西，更重要的是跟着老师的思路，注重老师对题目的分析过程。课后宁愿花时间去整理笔记，因为整理笔记实际上是一种知识的整合和再创造！回忆课堂上老师是怎样讲的，自己在整理时有比较好的想法，就记下来，抓住自己思维的火花，因为较为深刻的思维火花往往
Unit4 A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about 3:00 am on July 28,1976,some people saw bright lights in the sky.The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were injured. Thousands of families were killed a nd many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. But how could the survivors believe it was natural?Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of the city's hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumnleaves. No wind, however, could blow them away.Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead.50People were shocked.Then, later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane.Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 单词： Book 1 Unit 4 earthquake /'?:θkweik/ n. 地震 quake /kweik/ n. 地震 right away 立刻；马上 well /wel/ n. 井 △ crack /kr?k/ n. 裂缝；噼啪声 vt. & vi. （使）开裂；破裂 △ smelly /'smeli/ adj. 发臭的；有臭味的 △ farmyard /'fɑ:mjɑ:d/ n. 农场；农家 pipe /paip/ n. 管；导管 burst /b?:st/ vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 million /'milj?n/ n. 百万 event /i'vent/ n. 事件；大事 as if 仿佛；好像 at an end 结束；终结 nation /'nei??n/ n. 民族；国家；国民 canal /k?'n?l/ n. 运河；水道 steam /sti:m/ n. 蒸汽；水汽 dirt /d?:t/ n. 污垢；泥土 ruin /'ru:in/ n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产