2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(20 points)
Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition
__1__manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheother hand,puttingyour__2__,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh__3__. __4__,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.__5__people placetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsrelease oxytocin,ahormonethat__6__peasurablefeelingsandtriggersthe herdinginstructthatpromptshumansto__7__withoneanother. Scientistshavefoundthatexposure__8__thishormoneputsusina trusting__9__:InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothe nosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantly higheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir__10__who inhaledsomethingelse.
__11__forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay__12__
us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscan differentiate__13__acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlers wereeach__14__toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetester wouldask,"What'sinhere?"beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling, andexclaiming,"Wow!"Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook__15__. Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf__16__thecontainerwas empty—andrealizedthetesterhad__17__them. Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere__18__ tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthat theytrustedhisleadership.__19__,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpaired withthe"__20__"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.
1.A.onB.likeC.forD.from
2.A.faithB.concernC.attentionD.interest
3.A.benefitB.debtC.hopeD.price
4.A.ThereforeB.ThenC.InsteadD.Again
5.A.UntilB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.When
6.A.selectsB.producesC.appliesD.maintains
https://www.doczj.com/doc/10306430.html,pare
8.A.atB.byC.ofD.to
9.A.contextB.moodC.periodD.circle
10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesC.colleaguesD.supporters
11.A.FunnyB.LuckyC.OddD.Ironic
12.A.monitorB.protectC.surpriseD.delight
13.A.betweenB.withinC.towardD.over
14.A.transferredB.addedC.introducedD.entrusted
15.A.outB.backC.aroundD.inside
16.A.discoveredB.provedC.insistedD.remembered
17.A.betrayedB.wrongedC.fooledD.mocked
18.A.forcedB.willingC.hesitantD.entitled
19.A.IncontrastB.AsaresultC.OnthewholeD.Forinstance
20.A.inflexibleB.incapableC.unreliableD.unsuitable
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow eachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER SHEET.(40points)
Text1 Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethat willprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:What happenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?
Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareat highriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy, withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobs likegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-class
occupations—trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—have arousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywill befine.
Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnological upheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolution didn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanized looms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobs thanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboost productivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkers fromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkers mayneedalotofhelpadjusting.
Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinThe SecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining. Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege—shouldevolvetofocus lessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplex communication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffostering problem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots. Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextra trainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenew skillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt. Thechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedforthe
U.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompanies
mustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange, entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombine laborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualreality haven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwill inventthem.
Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetween capitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetobe rethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidies suchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswould boostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,and reduceinequality. Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenext fewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesand careersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomi ng
forourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbe indispensable.
21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?
A.Leadingpoliticians.
B.Low-wagelaborers.
C.Robotowners.
D.Middle-classworkers.
22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?
A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.
B.Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.
C.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled.
D.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/10306430.html,cationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasis on________.
A.creativepotential
B.job-huntingskills
C.individualneeds
D.cooperativespirit
24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat________.
A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation
B.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment
C.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor
D.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening
25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith________.
A.opposingviewsonit
B.possiblesolutionstoit
C.itsalarmingimpacts
D.itsmajorvariations
Text2
AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsof youngAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.The implicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobe filteredthroughothersource,notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform. MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetas distrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheir medialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016 presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitter usersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,according totheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNews found44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthe mediagiant. Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmore skillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnight Foundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24 foundtheyuse"distributedtrust"toverifystories.Theycross-check sourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythose thatareopenaboutanybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealof personalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingo ut
opposingviewpoints,"thesurveyconcluded. Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014survey
2018年小升初英语考试真题及答案 单项选择(20分) 1．There are two _____ in our school． A．library B．libraries．C．librarys 2．There aren’t _____ apples in the basket, but there are some on the table． A．some B．any C．a 3．—Is there a dining hall in your school? —__________ A．Yes，there are．B．No，there is．C．Yes，there is． 4．Look，my grandmother is _____ my grand father． A．on the left of B．next C．on the right of 5．—Have you got a dictionary? —_______________ A．Yes，I do．B．Yes，I got C．Yes，I have． 6．—Where are _____? —They are on the chair. A．Tony's books B．Tony's book C．Tony books 7．He ______ any aunts or uncles． A．doesn't has got B．haven't got C．hasn't got 8．—How many computers _____ in your classroom? —There are two． A．are there B．are you have C．does you have 9．—Where _____you _____? —I'm from Beijing． A．are, from B．do, from C．are, come 10．_____ is a doctor．What about _____ father? A．His，your B．Her, your’s C．His，you 11．There are _____ students in our class．That is 19 boys and 21 girls。
2018年全国普通高等学校招生考试(全国卷Ⅱ) 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分） 听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What does John find difficult in learning German？ A．Pronunciation．B．Vocabulary．C．Grammar． 2．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ A．Colleagues．B．Brother and sister．C．Teacher and student．3．Where does the conversation probably take place？ A．In a bank．B．At a ticket office．C．On a train． 4．What are the speakers talking about？ A．A restaurant． B．A street． C．A dish． 5．What does the woman think of her interview？ A．It was tough． B．It was interesting．C．It was successful． 第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．When will Judy go to a party？ A．On Monday．B．On Tuesday．C．On Wednesday． 7．What will Max do next？ A．Fly a kite．B．Read a magazine．C．Do his homework． 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
2018年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码 00015) 满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 选择题区 第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Life on the Farm Life on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up. Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require. Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice. The main change in modern farm life is still in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever. 1.Factory farms now produce most of the products A.True B. False C. Not given 2.Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. A.True B. False C. Not given
小学英语毕业试卷 项目听力笔试 部分一二三四一二三四五六七八得分 阅卷 人 听力部分（30%） 一听录音，选出你所听到的内容（听两遍）（５％） ( )1 A. B. C. D. （）2 A ＢＣ D （）3 ＡＢ C D ( ) 4 A B C D ( )5 A B C D 二听录音，根据你所听到的问题选择相应的答句。（听两遍）（5%） ( ) 1. A. I’m sorry to hear that. B. I still feel ill. ( ) 2. A. How do you do? B. Nice to meet you. ( ) 3. A. Yes, he does. B. No, he isn’t. ( ) 4. A. Yes, I can. B. I can put it on my head. ( ) 5. A. Yes, Mr Chen. B. That’s all right.
三听录音，将表格填写完整（听三遍）（5%） My friend 四听录音,判断下列句子是否与录音内容相符，相符的写“Ｔ”，不相符的写“F”（听两遍）（6%） ( )1 Liu Tao is fine today. ( )2 Ben’s father is a teacher in a middle school. ( )3 Nancy and her penfriend have the same hobby. ( )4 The man gets up at seven o’clock every morning. ( )5 The girl with big eyes is a new student here. ( )6 Today is Children’s Day. 五、听录音，完成短文（听三遍）（9%） There are four _______ in a year. _______ comes before March. The ______ gets warmer and the _______ turn green. _______ comes in June. The ____ get ______ and the nights get ______. It is always ______ and it is often _____. We like to go ______ in rivers and lakes. Autumn comes in September. It is ______ but usually sunny. ______ starts in December. It is______ and cold. ______ it _____ and the countryside is all ______. People always wear_____ clothes.
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（课标全国卷Ⅲ） 英语 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Welcome to Holker Hall & Garden Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By car: Follow brown signs on A590 from. J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere—20 minutes, Kendal—25 minutes, Lancaster—45 minutes, Manchester—l hour 30minutes By rail: the nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth. Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening times Sunday-Friday(closed on Saturday) 11:00 am-4;00pm, 30 March-2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00 Gropes: ￡9.00 Special Events
Producers Market 13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in the gardening. National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November This is an event for all the family! Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester? A.20 minutes. B. 25 minutes. C.45 minutes. D. 90 minutes. 22. How much should a member of a tour group pay a visit to Hall & Gardens? A. ￡12.00. B. ￡9.00. C. ￡8.00 D. ￡5.50 23. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show? A. Producers Market. B. Holker Garden Festival C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market B Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port on river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New
2018年山东春季高考英语考试说明 本考试说明是以教育部颁发的《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》为依据，以教育部职成教司教材处和山东省教育厅颁布的中等职业学校用书目录中有关教材为主要参考教材，结合山东省中等职业学校英语教学的实际制定的。 一、考试范围和要求 （一）词汇 掌握教育部颁发的《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》、山东省教育厅颁布的《山东省中等职业教育英语课程标准（三年制）》和山东省职业教育教材审定委员会审定的中等职业教育规划教材《英语》中所规定的词汇。 （二）语法 1．词类 掌握名词、代词、数词、介词和介词短语、冠词、连词、，形容词、副词及动词的基本用法。 2．动词的时态 (1)理解过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时的用法。 (2)掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和现在完成时的用法。 3．动词的被动语态 (1) 了解过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时的被动语态。 (2) 理解现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态。 (3) 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和含有情态动词的被动语态。 4．非谓语动词 (1)了解动词不定式作主语、表语的用法；动词的-ing形式作状语的用法：动词的过去分词作状语的用法。 (2) 理解动词不定式作定语、（新增）动词的-ing形式作定语的用法；动词的-ed形式作定语的用法。 (3) 掌握动词不定式作定语（去掉）、状语、宾语和宾语补足语的用法；动词的-ing形式作主语表语、宾语、宾语补足语的用法；动词的过去分词作表语、宾语补足语的用法。 5．情态动词
(1)了解情态动词might，ought to的用法。 (2)理解情态动词shall、will的用法（新增） (3)掌握情态动词can，could，may, shall（去掉），should，will（去掉），would，must，have to，need的用法。 6．句子 (1)句子种类。 掌握陈述句（肯定句和否定句）、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句反意疑问句）、祈使句、感叹句的基本用法。 (2)简单句的六种基本句型。 掌握主一系一表、主一谓一（状）、主一谓一宾、主一谓一间宾一直宾、主一谓一宾一宾补、There be-主一状的基本用法。 (3)并列复合句。 掌握由并列连词and，but，or, so，while，both...and...，not only...but also...，either...or...,neither...nor...连接的并列句的用法 (4)主从复合句。 ①了解非限制性定语从句的用法；了解主语从句和表语从句的用法。 ②理解由where引导的地点状语从句的用法，由although(though)，even though(even if)引导的让步状语从句的用法；由as引导的方式状语从句的用法（新增） ③掌握由关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导的限制性定语从句的用法；掌握关系副词when，where，why引导的限制性定语从句的用法。 ④掌握由that，if,whether引导的宾语从句的用法；掌握由特殊疑问词引导的宾语句的用法。 ⑤掌握由when，while，as soon as, since，until, till，after, before，once, as引导的时间状语从句的用法；由where 引导的地点状语从句的用法（去掉）；由so that，in order that引导的目的状语从句的用法；由because引导的原因状语从旬的用法；由so…that, such...that引导的结果状语从句的用法；由if, unless，as long as引导的条件状语从句的用法；由as．．．as，than引导的比较状语从句的用法；由although(though)，even though(even if)引导的让步状语从句的用法（去掉）；由as引导的方式状语从句的用法（去掉）。 (5)强调。
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with other
2018年小升初英语考试真题及答案(同名1031)
2018年小升初英语考试真题及答案
一、
二、 3. Here's the weather report __________ tomorrow. 4. Mr. Smith has many pigs ___________ his farm. 5. Father is cleaning his car ___________ the house. 6. I get up _________ six o'clock in the morning. 7. We are eating dinner _________ the table. 8. It's raining. We can watch TV _______ home. 9. What can I do __________ you? 10. It's five __________ twelve in the morning. 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空。（10分） 1. Linda can swim very fast. She is a good ___________ (swim). 2. It's late. We can't play any _________ (long). 3. Mary is much __________ (good) today. 4. That is a new boy. ___________ (He)name is Jack. 5. ---- Here's your book. --- __________(Thank) a lot. 6. Today is the _______ (nine)of June. 7. I ________(have) a shower at this time yesterday. 8. San was in the _________ (sit) room just now. 9. Lucy writes __________ (carefully) than Lily. 10. My father _________ (read)a newspaper last night. 五、选出与画线部分意义相近的词组或句子。（10分） ( ) 1. Excuse me. Where's Shanghai Zoo? A. How far is B. How can I get
绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman? A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave? A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30. 4. How does the woman go to work? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 英语试题第1页（共14页）
英语考试说明（2018） 本考试说明是以《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》（以下简称《英语课程标准》）为依据，结合我市初中英语教学的实际情况而制定的。说明旨在使英语学科学业考试科学全面地考查学生在经过初中阶段学习后所具有的真实语言水平，以便进一步促进初中英语教学质量的提高。 一、命题原则 1. 命题应严格遵循《英语课程标准》所规定的九年级结束时应达到的五级目标的基本要求来确定考查内容与标准。 2. 命题应充分体现学生在评价中的主体地位。试题的命制要以学生为中心，切实体现素质教育面向全体的要求。命题立足基础，难易适中，充分考虑到各个层面学生的水平状况。同时所选用的语言素材应尽量贴近学生生活，尽可能避免生僻的词汇，不出繁、偏、旧及过难的试题。 3. 命题应以考查学生能力为目标。注重考查学生综合语言环境的设置，全面考查学生的听、说、读、写四项基本技能，控制纯知识性测试题和单一语法测试题。 4. 命题应坚持科学性和指导性原则。试题结构、选材、题目表述、问题设置等应尽量做到科学、合理、规范。正确发挥评价对初中英语教学的导向作用，命题应努力做到有利于激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，有利于帮助学生建立学习英语的成就感和自信心，有利于引导教师改进教学和学生学会学习，有利于综合评价学生的英语学习状况。 二、考试范围 要求考生能掌握初中阶段所学的语法知识(见附录)；学会使用1500～1600个单词和200～300个习惯用语或固定搭配；能够围绕《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》五级所列话题，恰当理解与运用相关的语言表达形式；能够在所给情景中恰当理解和运用《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》五级所列功能意念的语言表达形式。 三、考试内容及要求 （一）听力 1.考查学生理解和获取信息的能力，以及对信息进行判断、归纳、综合的能力。考生应能： (1)根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图； (2)听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并从中提取信息和观点； (3)借助语境克服生词障碍，理解大意； (4)听懂接近正常语速的故事和叙述，理解故事的因果关系； (5)针对所听对话或语段的内容，记录简单信息。 2.阅读 考查学生能够理解常见体裁的真实语言材料(生词率不超过3%)和获取信息、处理信息的能力，阅读速度为每分钟50～70词。考生应能： (1)找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局； (2)根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息； (3)根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would
2018年小升初英语模拟考试试卷及答案 I．选出下列单词中不同类的一项,填序号即可。（每小题1分, 共10分） （）1.A.l e f t B.r i g h t C.v i s i t （）2.A.p e a r B.b e a r C.d o g （）3.A.w h i t e B.p u z z l e C.y e l l o w （）4.A.p i l o t B.s c i e n t i s t C.f a c t o r y （）5.A.d e e p B.F r i d a y C.S a t u r d a y （）6.A.t w e l v e B.f i n e C.n i n e （）7.A.y o u r B.y o u r s C.t h e i r s （）8.A.c i n e m a B.h o s p i t a l C.s a d （）9.A.s a w B.w a t c h C.r o d e
（）10.A.c l e a n i n g B.c o l d e r C.t h i n n e r I I.单项选择题,将序号填在括号内。（每小题2分,共30分） （）11.---H o w a r e y o u? ---_______ A.I’m e i g h t. B.G o o d b y e! C.F i n e,t h a n k s. （）12.H e l i k e s_____s t o r i e s. A.r e a d B.r e a d s C.r e a d i n g （）13.M y f a v o u r i t e f o o d_____f i s h. A.i s B.a n C.a r e （）14.M y p a r e n t s_____b u s y l a s t w e e k e n d.
2018年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ卷） 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents / carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalized, parents / carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.
21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT. 22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks. C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields. 23. How long does Potty about Potter last? A. Two days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. One week. B Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful an d sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃),
2018年全国高考考试大纲（英语） 一、语言知识 要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。 二、语言运用 1．听力 要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）获取具体的、事实性信息； （3）对所听内容做出推断； （4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。 2．阅读 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息； （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； （4）做出判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结构； （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 3．写作 要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能： （1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思； （2）有效运用所学语言知识。 4．口语 要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能： （1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法； （2）做到语音、语调自然； （3）做到语言运用得体； （4）使用有效的交际策略。 附录1 语音项目表 1. 基本读音 (1) 26个字母的读音 (2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音 (3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音 (4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 (5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音
(7) 辅音连缀的读音 (8) 成节音的读音 2. 重音 (1) 单词重音 (2) 句子重音 3. 读音的变化 (1) 连读 (2) 失去爆破 (3) 弱读 (4) 同化 4. 语调与节奏 (1) 意群与停顿 (2) 语调 (3) 节奏 5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用 6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧 7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异 附录2 语法项目表 1. 名词 (1) 可数名词及其单复数 (2) 不可数名词 (3) 专有名词 (4) 名词所有格 2. 代词 (1) 人称代词 (2) 物主代词 (3) 反身代词 (4) 指示代词 (5) 不定代词 (6) 疑问代词 3. 数词 (1) 基数词 (2) 序数词 4. 介词和介词短语