2015年商务工作年终综述之十：丝绸之路经济带建设在
欧亚地区积极推进
2015 Business Review X: Active Advancement of Silk Road Economic Belt Construction in
Eurasian Region
2015年是“一带一路”建设开局之年，商务部进一步深化与欧亚地区国家的经贸合作，积极推动共建丝绸之路经济带进程。
The Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) further deepened economic and trade cooperation with Eurasian countries to actively propel the process of jointly building the Silk Road Economic Belt in 2015, when the construction of the Belt and Road started.
一是政策、机制对接迅速。政策对接早、行动快、覆盖面广是丝绸之路经济带在欧亚地区推进的显著特点。截至2015年12月，商务部与欧亚8国签署共建丝绸之路经济带部门间合作协议，积极落实中俄两国元首就丝绸之路经济带与欧亚经济联盟建设对接达成的重要共识，与欧亚经济委员会签署《关于启动中国与欧亚经济联盟经贸合作伙伴协定谈判的联合声明》；推进中哈（萨克斯坦）“光明之路”新经济政策与丝绸之路经济带战略对接；积极探讨丝绸之路经济带建设同俄罗斯跨欧亚大铁路改造、蒙古国“草原之路”倡议对接合作，打造中俄蒙经济走廊；与俄远东发展部牵头成立了中国东北地区和俄远东地区地方合作理事会。
Firstly, policies and mechanisms matched quickly. The outstanding features of boosting Silk Road Economic Belt in Eurasian region were early policy docking, fast action and broad coverage. As at December 2015, the MOFCOM has signed inter-ministerial cooperation agreements on jointly building Silk Road Economic Belt with eight Eurasian countries, actively implemented the important consensus reached by Chinese and Russian heads of state on the docking of the construction between Silk Road Economic Belt and Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), signed the Joint Communique on Launching the Economic and Trade Cooperative Partnership Agreement Negotiation between China and the Eurasian Economic Union with Eurasian economic committee; meanwhile, it has impelled the docking between the China-Kazakhstan new economic policy of “Enlightenment Road” and Silk Road Economic Belt strategy, made active efforts to discuss docking cooperation between the Silk Road Economic Belt construction and Russia across the Eurasian railway reconstruction and the “Grassland” initiative b y Mongolia, and built China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridors; also, it has led the establishment of local cooperation council between northeast China and Russian far east region with the Development Ministry of Russian Far East.
二是自贸区建设和贸易便利化取得突破。商务部与格鲁吉亚完成自贸区协定谈判可行性研究，正式启动自由贸易协定谈判，格有望成为欧亚地区第一个与中方签署自由贸易协定的国家；与欧亚经济联盟商定将建立自贸区确定为长远发展目标，并将于近期启动经贸合作
伙伴协定谈判工作。在中方推动下，上合组织建立了贸易便利化工作机制，启动了贸易便利化的制度安排进程。
Secondly, the construction of free trade zone and trade facilitation made a breakthrough. The MOFCOM completing the feasibility research on the Free Trade Agreement ("FTA") negotiation with Georgia officially initiated the FTA negotiation, and Georgia is expected to be the first country signing the FTA with China in Eurasian region; the MOFCOM agreed with the EAEU to take the establishment of FTZ as a long-term development goal, and will launch the economic and trade cooperative partnership agreement negotiation in the near future. Promoted by China, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization ("SCO") established the working mechanism of trade facilitation, and initiated the system arrangement schedule of trade facilitation.
三是大项目进展顺利。一批有影响的互联互通和产能合作项目相继竣工，促进了当地民生改善，成为丝绸之路经济带开局之年的重要早期收获。
Thirdly, major projects went smoothly. A batch of influential interconnectivity and capacity cooperation projects have been completed consecutively, which not only promoted the improvement of local people's livelihood, but also became an important early harvest in the beginning year of Silk Road Economic Belt.
道路建设方面，吉尔吉斯斯坦伊塞克湖环湖公路连接线修复、塔吉克斯坦艾尼—彭基肯特高速公路项目竣工，两国总统出席通车仪式并对项目高度评价；乌兹别克斯坦安格连-帕普隧道、塔吉克斯坦瓦赫达特-亚湾隧道工程进展顺利，质量和进度多次受到领导人肯定。In terms of road construction, two presidents from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan were present at the road opening ceremony, and spoke highly of such projects as the connecting line's repairing of road around the IssykKul in Kyrgyzstan and the completion of freeway from Ayni to Panjakent in Tajikistan; the quality and progress of tunnel projects, namely, Angren - Pape tunnel in Uzbekistan and Vahdat -Yovon tunnel in Tajikistan, which went well, have been recognized by leads for more than once.
跨境物流运输合作方面，连云港已成为中亚国家对日韩及东南亚转口的重要货物中转基地，预计到2015年年底转运货物总量25万标准集装箱；中哈霍尔果斯国际边境合作中心改善了跨境基础设施条件；中俄同江铁路桥中方一侧已完成工程总进度的65%，计划2016年年中开工建设黑河-布拉戈维申斯克公路桥及跨黑龙江索道。截至10月底，中欧班列共开行1070列，其中回程207列，比上年增长15倍。
In the aspect of cross-border logistics transport cooperation, Lianyungang has become an important cargo transshipment base for Central Asian countries re-exporting goods to Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia, and its total volume of transshipment cargo is expected to reach 250 thousand standard containers by the end of 2015; the China-KazakstanHorgos Frontier International Cooperation Center has improved cross-border infrastructure conditions; in the China-Russia Tongjiang - Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge project, China has finished 65% of total progress, and plans to start the construction of Heihe-Blagoveshchensk highway bridge and cross-Heilongjiang river ropeway in mid-2016. By the end of
October, China-Eurasia railways have totally opened 1,070 including 207 for return trip, which have increased by 15 times more than last year.
能源基础设施建设方面，中俄东线天然气管道已经开工，双方正就西线天然气管道等项目进行商谈；中国-中亚天然气管道C线已全线竣工并验收，D线塔吉克斯坦境内段开工建设；中哈天然气管道第二阶段按期投产，吉尔吉斯斯坦南北电力大动脉（达特卡-克明500千伏高压输变电工程）竣工；塔吉克斯坦杜尚别2号热电厂一期工程第一台机组并网发电。In terms of energy infrastructure construction, the construction of natural gas pipeline of the
China-Russia eastern line has been initiated, and both parties are negotiating on natural gas pipeline of the China-Russia western line and other projects; the natural gas pipeline of China-Central Asia C line has been completed, checked and accepted; meanwhile, D line in Tajikistan has started the construction; the second phase of China-Kazakhstan natural gas pipeline has been put into production on schedule, and the project of South-North power artery (Datka - Keming 500KV high-voltage power supply and transformation project ) in Kyrgyzstan has been finished; grid-generation has been achieved by the first unit of No.2 thermal power plant in the first-stage project in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
境外经贸合作园区建设方面，在欧亚地区建设境外经贸合作园区23个，其中5个已通过商务部、财政部的确认考核。涉及木材加工、石油装备制造、建材深加工、通信等多个产业。中白工业园在5月习近平主席与卢卡申科总统共同视察之后加速发展，到2015年年底，起步区基础设施建设、招商入园、融资支持、政策配套等各项工作进展顺利。
In the aspect of the construction of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, the MOFCOM and the Ministry of Finance have confirmed the evaluation of five zones among the 23 overseas economic and trade cooperation zones built in Eurasian region, which involves many industries, such as wood processing, petroleum equipment manufacturing, further processing of building materials, communications and so forth. After China-Belarus Industrial Park was jointly inspected by the president Xi Jinping and president Aleksandr Lukashenka in May, its development is accelerated, and various projects including infrastructure construction in starting zone, attracting investment, financing support and supporting policy went smoothly by the end of 2015.
产能合作方面，中哈签署52个早期收获项目，已签署项目协议金额230亿美元；与乌兹别克斯坦等中亚国家进行了深入探讨；我在吉建设的三个炼油厂填补了吉产业空白，“塔尔德布拉克左岸金矿”顺利投产。12月，上合组织总理会议期间，中方倡议，将中哈产能合作模式推广到上合成员国，得到各方积极响应。
With respect to capacity cooperation, China and Kazakhstan signing 52 early harvest projects have signed project agreements with the amount of 23 billion dollars; further discussion has been made with Uzbekistan and other Central Asian countries; three refineries established by China in Kyrgyzstan filled up the Kyrgyzstan’s industrialization blankness, and "Tal dyBulakLevoberzhny Gold Mine" was
successfully put into production. In December, Chinese proposed to expand China-Kazakhstan capacity cooperation mode to member countries of the SCO, which had received positive responses from all parties.
民生工程方面，中国政府对欧亚国家援建的社会保障房、医院、学校等一批合作项目在当地产生良好社会效益。
In terms of livelihood projects, a batch of cooperative projects including social security housing, hospitals, and schools, constructed under the aid of the Chinese government for Eurasian countries brought good social benefits in local area.
四是资金融通进展明显。中方与欧亚7国签署了总额2107亿元人民币的双边本币互换协议，中俄贸易人民币结算比重升至双边贸易额的5%，尤其是2015年10月以来，人民银行两次动用本币互换资金累计100亿卢布，主要用于双边贸易结算。中方启动了人民币兑塔吉克斯坦索莫尼汇率挂牌交易。中国银行通过本币互换协议框架向哈萨克斯坦公司发放了首笔坚戈贷款，推动了人民币国际化、中哈贸易投资便利化。欧亚7国成为亚投行意向创始国。丝路基金、中国-欧亚经济合作基金、中哈产能合作基金的组建，大大丰富了中方对该地区的投资平台。
Fourthly, the financing progress was obvious. China concluded bilateral domestic currency swap agreements worth CNY210.7 billion in total with seven Eurasian countries and the RMB settlement proportion for Sino-Russia trading increased to 5% of the bilateral trade; in particular, the People's Bank of China have used the domestic currency for twice, totally exchanging RUB10 billion since October 2015, which is mainly used for bilateral trade settlement. China activated the listing for trade of exchange rates of RMB against the TJS. The Bank of China issued the first KZT loan to companies in Kazakhstan under the framework of domestic currency swap agreement, which promotes the RMB internationalization and the Sino-Kazakhstan trade and investment facilitation. Seven countries in the Eurasian region become the founding countries with intention of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ("AIIB"). The establishment of the Silk Road fund, the Sino-EEU cooperation fund and the Sino-Kazakhstan capacity cooperation fund has greatly enriched the local investment platform where China invests in.
五是上合组织区域经济合作稳步推进。7月，习近平主席出席上合组织成员国峰会和金砖国家元首峰会，提出了促进区域内互联互通、加强产能合作、能力建设合作、开展投融资合作四点经贸倡议，各成员国就共建丝绸之路经济带达成共识，并写入峰会宣言，标志着上合组织区域经济合作进入与“一带一路”融合发展的新阶段。
Fifthly, the regional economic cooperation of the SCO was promoted steadily. In July, President, Xi Jinping attended SCO Summit and the BRICS Summit for Heads of States and proposed four initiatives including promoting the interoperability within the regions, enhancing the capacity cooperation, cooperation on capability construction and developing investment and financing cooperation; all member states reached an agreement on joint establishment of Silk Road Economic Belt and wrote it in the
Summit manifesto, which marks that the SCO regional economic cooperation has entered into a new stage of integrated development with "the Belt and Road".
9月，在西安成功举办上合组织经贸部长第14次会议，各方就深化上合组织区域经济合作达成了九项务实举措；同月，举办上合组织国家商品展，吸引来自12国200余家企业、500多名展商，观展人次超过10万，意向成交额近50亿元人民币，为促进上合组织各国间的贸易畅通搭建了新平台。
In September, at the 14th Economic and Trade Ministers Meeting of SCO Member States, successfully held in Xi'an, all parties reached nine pragmatic measures on deepening the SCO regional economic cooperation; the SCO Countries Commodity Fair held in the same month attracted over 200 enterprises and more than 500 exhibitors from 12 countries, with the exhibition watchers of over 100,000 and the intentional volume of business of nearly CNY5 billion, and established a new platform for the promotion of smooth trade among SCO member states.
12月，在郑州举行的上海合作组织成员国总理第14次会议取得重要经贸成果：一是各国总理一致通过了关于区域经济合作的声明，主要内容是共建丝绸之路经济带；二是批准了《上海合作组织成员国多边经贸合作纲要落实进展情况的报告》；三是各成员国海关部门签署了《2016-2021年上海合作组织成员国海关合作纲要》；四是中方提出推进产能合作、推进上合组织贸易便利化、建立上合组织电子商务联盟、深入推进上合组织互联互通领域合作、加强投融资合作、上合组织能力建设六项经贸倡议。
In December, important economic achievements were acquired at the 14th Meeting of the Council of Heads of Governments (Prime Ministers) of the SCO held in Zhengzhou. First, prime ministers of all states adopted the statement on regional economic cooperation focusing on the joint establishment of Silk Road Economic Belt; second, the Report on the Progress Status of the Implementation of the Program for Multilateral Cooperation in Trade and Economy of the SCO Member States was approved; third, the customs departments of all member states signed the 2016-2021 Outline for Customs Agencies of the SCO Member States; fourthly, China proposed six economic and trade initiatives including promoting capacity cooperation, carrying forward the SCO trade facilitation, setting up SCO e-commerce union, further promoting the SCO cooperation in interoperability field, enhancing the investment and financing cooperation and SCO capability construction.
当前，上合组织区域经济合作开始逐步转入区域贸易便利化规则的制度阶段，并逐步接受贸易自由化的发展目标，上合组织正沿着贸易投资便利化、经济技术合作和建立自贸区的“三步走”目标坚实迈进。
At present, with respect to the SCO regional economic cooperation, attention has been paid to the systems governing regional trade facilitation and trade liberalization is gradually accepted as a
development goal. The SCO is moving steadily towards the "three goals”, namely, trade and investment facilitation, economic and technological cooperation and the establishment of free trade zones.
六是重要展会活动亮点纷呈。2015年，中方首次作为主宾国参加在俄罗斯叶卡捷琳堡举行的第六届俄国际创新工业展，组织了10大重点行业的130多家龙头企业和7个省份参展，集中展示我装备制造和科技创新的最新成果；成功举办第二届中俄博览会，参展规模和层次较首届进一步提升；组织70多家大企业和金融机构参加首届俄罗斯东方经济论坛，是出席论坛级别最高、规模最大的外国参会国；成功在西安举办上海合作组织国家商品展，上合组织框架内12国200多家企业、500多名展商携本国最具竞争力的优势产品首次集中亮相。
Sixthly, endless highlights were found in important events. In 2015, China participated in the sixth Russia international innovative industry exhibition held at Yekaterinburg, Russia as the main guest of honor for the first time, and organized over 130 leading enterprises of ten key industries from seven provinces to join in the exhibition, which focused on exhibiting the new results in equipment manufacturing and technological innovation; China successfully held the Second Sino-Russia Exhibition, the participation scale and levels of which were further improved when compared with the first session; China organized over 70 large scale enterprises and financial institutions to participate in the first Russia oriental economic forum as a foreign participant with the highest level and largest scale; and successfully held the SCO Countries Commodity Fair in Xi'an, at which over 200 enterprises and more than 500 exhibitors of the 12 countries within the SCO framework appeared intensely with their most competitive preponderant products in their countries.
2016年，是十三五规划实施的第一年，中方将根据创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，坚持共商共建共享原则，与欧亚国家一道将共建丝绸之路经济带不断推向深入，造福各国人民。
2016 is the first year for the implementation of the 13th Five-Year plan; China will, according to the development guidelines of innovation, coordination, environmental protection, opening and sharing, insist on the principles of joint consultation, establishment and sharing and continue further promotion of the joint establishment of Silk Road Economic Belt with Eurasian countries to benefit people in all countries.