环球时代：《英语专业考研考前10天基础英语水平模考测试卷》（1）
1. Basic English: (100/150)
I. In each of the following sentences, four words or phrases have been underlined. Choose the one word or phrase that would not be appropriate in standard English. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (10/150)
1. Two police officers fired up their siren, pulled me over, and pointed out that my car’s registration had outdated.
A B C D
2. I would rather you can give me an exact number of the people present at the meeting.
A B C D
3. What a mistake! Y ou haven't paid the least attention to the spelling.
A B C D
4. The slave would do anything his master asked him, for he is habitually obedient to his master.
A B C D
5. Today's plentiful supply of graduates mean increasing competition for jobs, disappointment for many in terms
A B C D
of pay or type of work and, for some, no job at all.
6. How good we are educated is simply a matter of how well we have adjusted ourselves to our lives and our
A B C D environment.
7. Despite our mass attendance at college and our mass exposure on culture, education remains an individual
A B C D achievement.
8. Many argue that even college had no impact on that part of your life, it would still be a good investment.
A B C D
9. In our generation American women are shaping new goals which are well reflected in the fiction on many
A B C
contemporary woman writers.
D
10. There are many interrelationships among philosophy, politics, economics and the science of
A B C D
II. Find the one choice that best completes the sentence. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (10/150)
1. The food made for pregnant women is easy_________.
A. to be digested
B. digested
C. to digest
D. digesting
2. Buy your wife a present on her birthday, ________she should get angry.
A. lest
B. otherwise
C. however
D. perhaps
3. The juvenile offender was released from custody on condition that he ________ out of trouble for six months.
A. would stay
B. stays
C. could stay
D. stay
4. Jane has recently bought_________
A. a new beautiful green Hong Kong jacket
B. a beautiful new Hong Kong green jacket
C. a new green beautiful Hong Kong jacket
D. a beautiful new green Hong Kong jacket
5. In vain ________to engage him in our group activities, and he didn't show the least interest.
A. have we tried
B. we tried
C. did we try
D. we had tried.
6. His success could not shield him from the racial prejudice _________rampant in those days.
A. being B that C. as D. so
7. As she grows her happy ______grew sour, and she often flew into violent rages.
A. disposition
B. personality
C. character
D. temper
8. The typhoon could sweep off all the things in the village, _________.
A. whether they are high trees and buildings
B. be they high trees or buildings
C. should they be high trees or buildings
D. they are high trees or buildings
9. I prefer_________the examination today rather than ________ it for a whole week.
A. taking ... postponing
B. to take ... postpone
C. taking ... postpone
D. to take ... to postpone
10. The boy anticipates ________the first prize in the contest.
A. to win
B. winning
C. his winning
D. to have won
III. Proofreading: (15/150): (Do it in on the ANSWER SHEET)
The following passage contains 12 errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error, and three are free from error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash, "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
If the line is correct, place a tick "√" in the blank at the end of the line.
Example: It is impossible∧any sentence in one language to have exactly (1)____for_____ the same meaning as any single sentence in another language. It is also (2) ____single__
impossible for any sentence in a particular language to have exactly (3) ____√_____
the same meaning as the other sentence in that same language. (4) any_____
The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course
merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth . (1) __________
around the sun, but the ancients believed earth was
fixed and the sun had an independent motion of its (2) __________
own, eastward among the stars. The glare of sunlight
hide the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware (3) __________
that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow
eastward motion of the sun around the sky, in the (4) __________
rate of about thirty degrees each month, cause different
stars to be visible at night at different times of the (5) __________
year. The moon, revolves around the earth each month,
also has an independent motion in the sky. (6) __________
The moon, however, changes its position relatively
rapid. Although it appears to rise and set each (7) __________
day, as is nearly everything else in the sky, we
can see the moon changing position during as short (8) ___________
an interval as a hour or so. The moon's path around
the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's (9) ___________
path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very
far from the ecliptic in the sky. There are five other (10) __________
objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to
move in respect to the fixed background of stars (11) __________
on the celestial sphere. These are the planets Mercury,
V enus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn. All of which (12) __________
revolve the sun in nearly the same plane as the
earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear (13)__________
near the ecliptic. Because we see the planets
from the moving earth, however, they behave in a (14)__________ complicated way, with their apparent motions on the
celestial sphere reflecting both their won dependent (15)__________
motions around the sun and our motion as well.
IV. Academic Reading: (12/150)
Asian Economies Not as V ulnerable as Before
A. Central bank governors from the Asia-Pacific region, at a recent meeting warned that the global trade environment is much tougher for their countries now than during the Asian crisis of four years ago. Singapore is in recession, and South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Taiwan and the Philippines have sharply slowing growth. The only bright spot is China, which has maintained brisk output growth because stronger investment and household spending have more than offset the regional export slowdown.
B.However, a new financial crisis does not seem to be looming for the region, as some remarkable changes have taken place over the past four years. These changes mean that the region's economies are likely to experience slower but still positive growth this year, and stronger growth next year. The first change is that the economies of Korea, Thailand the Indonesia can no longer be broken by a stampede of foreign bank lenders. The hot money has already gone. According to the most recent International Monetary Fund statistics, net international bank claims in East Asia have fallen by US$354 billion over the last four years. Loans have been repaid by stronger flows of foreign direct investment, by lending from international institutions and by the reemergence of a bond market in the first half of last year, as well as through large trade surpluses resulting from imports growing more slowly than exports. In the four years from 1997 to 2000, these economies accumulated current account surpluses of US$239 billion, compared to a cumulative deficit of US$88 billion during the five years from 1992.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0619307186.html,rge current account surpluses have seen not only foreign debt reduced, but also big reserves accumulated. These reserves are seen as a cushion against future financial shocks. The reserves in Southeast Asia have increased by US$214 billion in recent years. The central banks of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan hold most of this sum. Moreover, the central banks of the region have agreed on swap arrangements, which could allow the reserves for one currency to be used in the defense of another in case of the threat of another Asian financial crisis. As noted by a report prepared by the regional central banks, intervention is most effective when coordinated.
D.These changes defend against a stampede and contagion, but do not, in themselves, encourage growth. That depends on the regional shift toward more flexible exchange rates. Although far form floating freely, most regional exchange rates are no longer hostage to unhedged US dollar bank debt or to entrenched convictions that exchange rate stability is essential. Managed floats have been adopted in most regional economies. Responding to the stronger US dollar, falling exports and slowing imports, these exchange rates have been depreciating. For example, the Singapore dollar recently reached a ten-year low, while the Taiwan dollar reached a 15-year slow.
E Foreign direct investment is slowing, and exports are tumbling, but with room to expand domestic demand there are good reasons to think that the region will get through the most serious global downturn in a decade. Foreign investment flows and domestic reconstruction will maintain China's growth. Even South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan—all highly dependent on technology exports to the US—are now buttressed by trade surpluses, huge reserves and flexible exchange rates. All these factors are favorable for expanding domestic demand.
F The perennial problems of the Philippines apart, the economies at the greatest risk are those of Thailand and Malaysia, because they are attempting to sustain pegged exchange rates, and this weakens their ability to respond to sudden strains on their currencies. Although Thailand has sharply reduced its foreign debt, it has pegged its US dollar exchange rate at about 45 baht. Without strong capital controls, the informal peg limits Thailand's freedom to ease interest rates. As for Malaysia, its peg depends on its reserves, which have fallen by US$ billion during the past year as the country has defended an exchange rate appreciating against those of its neighbors.
Questions 1-4
This passage has six paragraphs A—F. Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B—E from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers (i—ix) on the ANSWER SHEET.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.
List of Headings
1. Paragraph B
2. Paragraph C
3. Paragraph D
4. Paragraph E
Questions 5-8
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage, answer the following questions.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
5. Who is cooperating to stave off another Asian financial crisis?
6. According to the author, what do the changes in the region's economies NOT do?
7. Which country is an exception to the region's slow economic growth?
8. When was the last most serious worldwide economic slowdown?
Questions 9-12
Do the following statements agree with the information in this passage? Write on the ANSWER SHEET
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
9. The changes in the region's economies will accelerate their growth.
10. Pegged exchange rates are a danger to Thailand and Malaysia.
11. Most of the regional economies allow their exchange rates to float freely.
12. To survive the global economic slump, the region must export more than it imports.
V. Read the following passages carefully and choose the one best answer to each question from the four choices given. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (13/150)
Text A
Plane Schedule
13. According to this advertisement below,
a. all fights are non-stop
b. all flights from Newark leave in the morning
c. it is possible to take the return flight from Phoenix and flight to Boston on the same day
d. the flight to Phoenix takes three hours and ten minutes
T ext B
The Antler Riddle: Has Lambourne of the Y ard been called in 5,000 too late?
“Scotland Y ard's top fingerprint expert, Detective Chief Superintendent Gerald Lambourne had a request from the Brit ish Museum's Prehistoric Department to focus his magnifying glass on a mystery "somewhat outside my usual beat”.
This was not a question of Whodunit, but Who Was It. The blunt instruments he pored over were the antlers of red deer, dated by a radio-carbon examination as being up to 5,000 years old. They were used as mining picks by Neolithic man to hack flints and chalk, and the fingerprints he was looking for were of our remote ancestors who had last wielded them.
The antlers were unearthed in July during the British Museum's five-year-long excavation at Grime's Graves, near Thetford, Norfolk, a 93-acre site containing more than 600 vertical shafts in the chalk some 40 feet deep. From artifacts found in many parts of Britain it is evident that flint was extensively used by Neolithic man as he slowly learned how to farm land in the period from 3,000 to 1,500 B.C.
Flint was especially used for axeheads to clear forests for agriculture, and the quality of the flint on the Norfolk site suggests that the miners there were kept busy with many orders.
What excited Mr. G. de G. Sieveking, the museum’s deputy director of the excavations, was the fried mud still sticking to some of them. "Our deduction is that the miners coated the base of the antlers with mud so that they could get a better grip," he says. "The exciting possibility was that fingerprints left in this mud might at last identify as individuals a people who "have left few relics, who could not read or write, but who may have had much more intelligence than has been
supposed in the past."
Chief Superintendent Lambourne, who four years ago had "assisted" the British Museum by taking the fingerprints of a 4,000-year-old Egyptian mummy, spent two hours last week examining about 50 antlers. On some he found minute marks indicating a human grip in the mud. Then on one he found the full imprint of the "ridge structure" of a human hand—that part of the hand just below the fingers where most pressure would be brought to bear in wielding a pick.
After 25 years' specialization in the Y ard's fingerprints department, Chief Superintendent Lambourne knows all about ridge structures—technically known as the "tri-radiate section".
It was his identification of that part of the hand that helped to incriminate some of the Great Train Robbers. In 1975 he discovered similar handprints on a bloodstained tee-marker on a golf-course where a woman had been brutally murdered. They eventually led to the killer, after 4,065 handprints had been taken.
Chief Superintendent Lambourne has agreed to visit the Norfolk site during further excavations next summer, when it is hoped that further hand-marked antlers will come to light. But he is cautious about the historic significance of his findings.
“Fingerprints and handprints are unique to each individual but they can tell us nothing about the age, physical characteristics, even sex of the person who left them,” he says. “Even the fingerprints of a gorilla could be mistaken for those of a man. But if a number of imprinted antlers are recovered from given shafts on this site I could at least determine which antlers were handled by the same man, and from there might be deduced the number of miners employed in a team.
“As an indication of intelligence I might determine which way up the miners held th e antlers and how they wielded them."
To Mr. Sieveking and his museum colleagues any such findings will be added to their dossier of what might appear to the layman as trivial and unrelated facts but from which might emerge one day an impressive new image of our remote ancestors.
14. Mr Lambourne is said to have regarded the examination of the antlers as a task
a. rather more difficult than his usual duties
b. different in nature from routine investigations
c. causing him to leave his usual headquarters
d. involving a different technique from the one in which he was qualified
15. What was the aim of the investigation referred to in the passage?
a. to provide some kind of identification of a few Neolithic men
b. to find out more about the period when the antlers were used
c. to discover more about the purpose of the antlers
d. to learn more about the type of men who used them
16. What had been the principal use of the antlers?
a. to obtain the material for useful tools
b. to prepare the fields for cultivation
c. to help in removing trees and bushes so that land could be cultivated
d. to make many objects useful in everyday life
17. How do archaeologists know that Neolithic men relied considerably on flint?
a. they have found holes that were dug with it
b. they have discovered many objects made of it
c. they have found many fingerprints on tools made of flint
d. it was useful in agriculture
18. The Museum's deputy director is very interested in the prints because
a. useful facts about this remote period can be learned from them
b. they are valuable records of intelligent but illiterate people
c. very few objects of this remote period have been found
d. the antlers serve as link with actual people who lived at that time
19. What is the ultimate value of Lambourne's work?
a It has no value as so little of importance can be deduced
b It will provide information about the organization of work
c. It throws light on an interesting facet of early man's methods of work
d It can assist in filling in an increasingly detailed picture
T ext C
She kisses his lips; he kisses hers; they solemnly bless each other. The spare hand does not tremble as he releases it; nothing worse than a sweet, bright constancy is in the patient face. She goes next before him - is gone; the knitting-women count Twenty-Two.
"I am the Resurrection and the Life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die."
The murmuring of many voices, the upturning of many faces, the pressing on of many footsteps in the out skirts of the crowd, so that it swells forward in a mass, like one great heave of water, all
flashes away. Twenty-Three.
****
They said of him, about the city that night, that it was the peaceful lest man's face ever beheld there. Many added that he looked sublime and prophetic.
One of the most remarkable sufferers by the same axe - a woman - had asked at the foot of the same scaffold, not long before, to be allowed to write down the thoughts that were inspiring her. If he had given an utterance to his, and they were prophetic, they would have been these:
"I see Barsad, the Cly, Defarge, The V engeance, the Juryman, the Judge, long ranks of the new oppressors who have risen on the destruction of the old, perishing by this retributive instrument, before it shall cease out of its present use. I see a beautiful city and a brilliant people rising from this abyss, and, in their struggles to be truly free, in their triumphs and defeats, through long, long years to come, 1 see the evil of this time, and of the previous time of which this is the natural birth, gradually making expiation for itself and wearing out.
"I see the lives for which I lay down my life, peaceful, useful, prosperous and happy, in that England which I shall see no more. I see her with a child upon her bosom, who bears my name. I see her father, aged and bent, but otherwise restored, and faithful to all men in his healing office, and at peace. 1 see the good old man, so long their friend, in ten years' time enriching them with all he has, and passing tranquilly to his reward.
"I see that I hold a sanctuary in their hearts, and in the hearts of their descendants, generations hence. I see her, an old woman, weeping for me on the anniversary of this day. I see her and her husband, their course done, lying side by side in their last earthly bed, and I know that each was not more honoured and held sacred in the other's soul than I was in the souls of both.
"I see that child who lay upon her bosom and who bore my name a man winning it so well, that ray name is made illustrious there by the light of this. I see the blots I threw upon it, faded away. I see him, foremost of just judges and honoured men, bringing a boy of my name, with a forehead that I know and golden hair, to this place - then fair to look upon, with not a trace of this day's disfigurement - and I hear him tell the child my story, with a tender and faltering voice.
"It is a far, far better thing that I do, than 1 have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known."
20. The male and female referred to in the first section (above the asterisks) are
a. making love in a church
b. saying farewell prior to his going on a business trip
c. losing their lives, one after the other
d. on a stage performing a love scene
21. In the man's unspoken prophecy, he sees the people for whom he sacrificed his life
a. dying soon afterwards in the terrible Reign of Terror
b. unmindful of his sacrifice for them
c. living in peace and contentment and remembering him with gratitude
d. forgetting him and his deed in their joy at escaping from Paris
22. The man's prophecy further foretells that someone's son will become
a. a fine physician like his grandfather ,
b. a failure like himself
c. a highly respected judge
d. a victim of the axe also
23. He foresaw that a certain married couple
a. will think of him with mixed feelings of respect and repulsion
b. will honour his memory as much as they honoured each other
c. will think of him lovingly for a time but then forget his memory
d. will never know that he sacrificed his life for them, but will nevertheless think of him with great affection
24. The bold-faced word "illustrious" in the last paragraph but one means
a. glorious
b. dishonoured
c. clearly pictured
d. well known
25. The tone of this selection is best described as
a. matter-of-fact and prosaic
b. sentimental and semiserious
c. pompous and self-conscious
d. elevated and dignified
VI. Cloze
Fill in each blank with one word that is logically and grammatically suitable. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20/150)
Net Offers New T eaching and Learning Mode
Using the internet for English teaching ___1____ very new. However, as a resource 2 the hands of a skilled teacher, the 3 can provide a wealth of authentic 4__, with which the skilled teacher can 5 motivating or productive activities.
For example, Internet resources 6 be used for class follow-up, discussing and submitting writing assignments. The teacher can 8 __ useful materials from the Net, and can 9 grade students' papers at home by just 10 to the Internet and grading students' e-mail messages.
Through subscribing to electronic journals, participating in electronic discussion forums and attending conferences on the Internet, the teacher can share views and ideas with far-off colleagues quickly, easily and inexpensively. This is especially attractive and helpful for those in isolated geographic areas.
Seen in this light, the interactive nature 11 the Internet is certainly conductive to English 12 professional development: updating their knowledge in 13 area of expertise and enabling them to 14 up with social and educational changes.
On the 15 hand, the Internet provides unprecedented opportunities and 16 to the Internet. They are able to 17 their reading, information processing, and listening skills 18 exposure to the authentic language they encounter on 19 Internet.
Their productive skills will also 20 developed. For example, they develop oral fluency through group work on a common task, and written fluency through extensive composition practice on the Internet. In addition, Internet activities can encourage the development of cultural awareness by being exposed to international influences and foreign cultures.
VII. Fill in each blank with the best answer from the four choices given under the correspondent number. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (20/150)
Cosmic Close-ups
They look 1 like great towering thunderheads, billowing high 2 the evening sky as they catch the last 3 of the setting sun. They are so 4 , so startlingly three dimensional that the mind 5 to domesticate them, to bring them 6 to earth, to imagine them rising on the horizon or 7 beyond the wings of an airliner. These are no ordinary clouds, 8 . They stand not 9,000m but almost 10 trillion km 9 .They are illuminated not with ordinary earthly 10 but with searing ultraviolet radiation spewing 11 nuclear fires at the center of a handful of 12 formed stars. And they're 7,000 light-years from Earth—more than 400 million times as far away as the sun.
If anyone still harbored 13 doubts about the Hubble's power to do 14 science, the new photograph should put those doubts to 15 . Without the Hubble this discovery ___16 ___possible—and neither would a score of others spanning virtually every 17 of astronomy. The telescope has already thrown Big Bang 18 a curve by suggesting that some 19 in the universe are older than the 20 itself.
This cosmic vista, seen in a photo released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) two weeks ago, is the latest in a series of stunning images captured from the ends of the universe by the Hubble Space
Telescope. Once written off as a near total loss because of an inaccurately ground mirror, the Hubble has in the past two years redeemed itself spectacularly. It has offered close-up pictures of distant galaxies that are 10 times as sharp as those produced by earthbound telescopes-pictures that are not just scientifically significant but breathtakingly beautiful as well. In fact, the orbiting observatory has extended our view of the cosmos more dramatically than any single instrument since Galileo first pointed his crude, low-power telescope at the heavens.
1. a. remarkably b. outstanding c. startling d. extraordinary
2. a. in b. into c. on d. up
3. a. light b. beam c. brightness d. rays
4. a. blunt b. dark c. dim d. sharp
5. a. wants b. gets c. keeps d. has
6. a. up b. forth c. down d. in
7. a. even b. merely c. just d. scarcely
8. a. anyhow b. however c. whatever d. therefore
9. a. high b. tall . c. lofty d. low
10. a. light b. beam c. brightness d. rays
11. a. off b. of c. from d. through
12. a. recent b. new c. late d. newly
13. a. linger b. lingering c. lingered d. to linger
14. a. ground break b. groundbreaking c. groundbroken d. to ground break
15. a. rest b. trial c. suspension d. light
16. a. would have been b. won't be c. would not have been d. would not be
17. a. field b. branch c. section d. part
18. a. philosophers b. thinkers c. truth-seekers d. theorists
19. a. stars b. objects c. globes d. planets
20. a. sky b. space c. universe d. world
环球时代：《英语专业考研考前10天基础英语水平模考测试卷》（2）
Important: This test lasts for three hours. All your answers must be written on a separate sheet called "Answer Sheet".
Do not write anything in this test booklet.
Part I (20')
In this part you are asked to complete each of the 20 sentences with one out of the four words marked A, B, C, and D that follow each sentence. The Word you choose must fit into the sentence both in form and meaning. For every correct choice, you will get one point
1. I object to you speaking of 'learning French as a second language' in Canada; French is as__ a first language as English. A. far B. well C. much D. good
2. For this situation, learning and using English for wider communication __ a country, particularly for educational, commercial, and political purposes, English can be referred to as an international language.
A. outside
B. within
C. with
D. of
3. It reveals itself in the assumptions underlying __ , in the planning of a course of study, in the routines of the classroom, in value judgments about language teaching, and in the decisions that the language teacher has to make day by day.
A. learning
B. teaching
C. theory
D. practice
4. The debate on language teaching methods continued into the period between the two world wars, a period which from the point of view of language pedagogy is characterized by the search for realistic solutions to the method __.
A. controversy
B. problems
C. issues D- crises
5. This conviction led to various experiments, all designed to __ the traditional teacher-centred language class.
A. change
B. convert
C. modify
D. verify
6. The communicative approach, understood in this comprehensive way, has had a _ _ on second language
curriculum, on teaching methodology and materials, and also on evaluation.
A. effect
B. mark
C. bearing
D. weight
7. By virtue of their iconicity and their obvious formal aspects, poems are ideally suited to have learners experience early on the two main features of _ experience: distance and relation.
A. literary
B. social
C. aesthetic
D. dialectic
8. Furthermore, being able to recite it from memory enables the teacher to keep eye contact with the students, to anticipate their misunderstandings and respond to their facial
A. responses
B. expressions
C. performance
D. inquiries
9. As translators move from word to word and from sentence to sentence through the text they produce bit by bit
of the original in a different language.
A. replicas
B. versions
C. relics
D. sediments
10. Besides exploring different levels of the same text and different languages ways of expressing the same event, intermediate and advanced learners can profit from the same event into different literary forms.
A. reproducing
B. imitating
C. expressing
D. recasting
11. It has often been suggested that we lack an adequate analysis of the concept of analyticity and consequently that we lack adequate criteria for deciding whether a statement is . .
A. adequate
B. realistic
C. efficient
D. analytic
12. The tacit ideology which seems to lie behind these objections is that non-extensional explications are not explications at all and that any concept which is net extensionally is defective.
A. ideological
B. explicable
C. explicit
D. objectional
13. The reason for concentrating on the study of speech acts is simply this: all linguistic communication involves
linguistic .
A. devices
B. meanings
C. forms
D. acts
14. This is because in certain institutional situations we not only ascertain the facts but we need an authority to lay down
a decision as to what the after the fact-finding procedure has been gone through.
A. situations
B. assertions
C. facts
D. reasons
15. The simplest cases of meaning are those in which the speaker utters a sentence and means exactly and what he
says.
A. verbally
B. definitely C simply D. literally
16. And since meaning consists in part in the intention to produce understanding in the hearer a large part of that problem
is that of how it is possible for the hearer to understand the indirect speech act when the sentence he hears and understands means something .
A. true
B. else C false D. indirect
17. We ail believe that it is the faculty of language which has enabled the human race to develop diverse cultures, each
with its social customs, religious observances, laws, oral traditions, patterns of trading, and so on.
A. diverse
B. distinctive
C. multiple
D. varied
18. In general, too, rhythmic and features of speech are ignored in transcriptions; the rhythmic structure which
appears to bind some groups of words more closely than others, and die speeding up and slowing down of the overall pace of speech relative to the speaker's normal pace in a given situation, are such complex variables that we have very little idea how they are exploited and to what effect.
A. metrical
B. mobile
C. acoustic
D. temporal
19. It seems reasonable to suggest that, whereas in daily life in a literate culture, we use largely for the
establishment and maintenance of human relationships, we use written language largely for the working out of and transference of information,
A. words
B. speech
C. sounds
D. sentences
20. The higher level of achievement is a contribution to the of the text: the linguistic analysis may enable one
to say why the text is, or is not, an effective text for its own purposes in what respects it succeeds and in what respects it fails, or is less successful.
A. analysis
B. reading C evaluation D. interpretation
Part II
Each of the following 20 sentences contains an error. And the error involves oniy one word Y ou are required to identify the error and correct it Instructions on haw to write your answers are given on the Answer Sheet For each correction you make, you will get one point
21. A Spanish history of the "Indies," read with eager curiosity (and later paraphrased) by the English entrepreneur
Sir Waiter Raleigh, told to the court splendors of a supposed ancestor of the * emperor of Guiana."
22. Elizabethan merchants and ministers were second for none in their lively concern for treasure, but the real success of
Great Britain as a colonizing power was eventually to rest
23. The faith was sustained for the newcomers not only by the promises before but by the horrors left behind, across the
Atlantic.
24. In a sense, the seventeenth century saw the emergence of those institutions that are characteristic in the modem world:
centralized and wholly sovereign nation-states; capitalism; individualism, secularism, and heroic grandeur in the arts.
25. What was more, warfare, both civil and international, erupted epidemically in massive dislocations of power.
26. No history of the American people — a title after which, after all, the Indians have the most legitimate claim — can
omit the red men and women's role.
27. Even before Europe hung suspended between the rise of Roman Imperial order and the emergence of feudalism, in
the so-called Dark Ages, some North American Indiana had developed what anthropologists call the Hopewellian Culture.
28. At first they called the chiefs they met after names both familiar and curious — princes, — emperors, caciques, and
werowances.
29. He pointed out that one of the first signs of adaptation to the new environment as a European's part was to strip off
the garments of civilization, with their class and social connotations, and wear the undifferentiated skin garments of the Indian.
30. The story began, then, with interaction among the continent's new and old inhabitants — the Indian "garrison" and
the colonized immigrants.
31. They learned to sing hymns, to pray, even to participate in the Mass, and to hold their new beliefs by a grip that
survived the vicissitudes of many years of battle between white warriors and red.
32. After an unsuccessful attempt to get the Dutch to plant a new settlement on the Delaware, he traveled to Swede.
33. Despite the political weaknesses of the Dutch, they set an impress on the life of Americans as unborn.
34. Tradesmen went home, entered through brick-faced doorways and ascended to cozy rooms where, below tiled roofs,
windows with tiny panes illuminated polished delftware.
35. The Church of England, for example, though firmly established, did not command the loyalties of great Catholic
families on the one hand, or on the other, of the Puritans who hoped to purge it into "Romish idolatry."
36. With chronic misgivings about the future, no wonder that some men were tempted by the prospects of secure estates
and freedom of harassment across what seemed an infinity of ocean.
37. Huddled into the city, the poor were helpless before the plagues that swept devastatingly into their slums and then
undiscriminatingly went on to lay down the proud and wealthy as well.
38. Imperiled by pestilence and starvation, many of the able-bodied men among the poor might have looked at
impressment as an opportunity at least to eat and to be clothed.
39. And nothing short for a spectacular peice of luck or royal preferment seemed likely to improve the situation.
40. Farther from the social scale, the yeoman might also try to enhance the value of his lands or the prospects of his
children by taking fliers in New World ventures such as fishing and trading companies.
Part III (30')
In this part you will be asked to read five passages, each followed by six questions. Read the passages carefully and then asnwer all the questions by choosing the correct options marked A, B, C, and D. Answer one question correctly, and you will get one point.
Passage 1
We know that Poe fought a continuous battle against the demon of plagiarism and the twisted perversion of influence.
He even declared war on his fellow-writer Longfellow, accusing him of plagiarism of which he was himself not entirely innocent Passion and influence have their dark sides not only manifest in literary plagiarism —which we note in Baudelaire's translations of Poe —but also in what may be deemed a confusion of identity or quest for an alter ego. Translating Poe became for Baudelaire a real search for the definition of his own personality and even his understanding of gender. Baudelaire's text is a mixed entity, a complex unity like most of Poe's characters, a unity composed of scattered elements. The " Flowers of Evil," are filled with Poe's own experience of despair and doubt about the world and about human beings, blended with Baudelaire's spleen and bouts of ideal. Both writers were divided into forces of Good and Evil, love and hate, masculine and feminine, they were like two images reflected in the mirrors of their creations so perfectly inverted that the reader does not know who inspired whom. Alter egos of each other, these two monsters of selfishness and misanthropy would probably have hated each other if they had had the opportunity to meet Looking at oneself in a mirror can be very upsetting as the hero of William Wilson discovers in the fast lines of this eponymous tale. Baudelaire chose to exalt Poe's character as Griswold presented it because he had many features in common with this portrait. Baudelaire identified with Poe in a very self-centered egotistical way. Both had a strain of masochism and a taste for self-destruction certainly provoked by parental rejection. Baudelaire's most palpable self-destructive action was the translation of Poe's works. From this peculiar and unique encounter of two geniuses was bom a new universal poet, we could name Poedelaire. Half European, half American, the writings of this desexualized creator are tinged with black humor, sensationalism, and sprinkled with a touch of French preciosity.
Questions:
41. The author implies that
A. Longfellow was guilty of plagiarism.
B. Longfellow was not guilty of plagiarism.
C. Poe was guilty of plagiarism.
D. Poe was not guilty of plagiarism.
42. What, according to the author, causes plagiarism?
A. Passion and influence.
B. Search and quest.
C. identity and ego
D. Translation
43. The author's purpose of mentioning Baudelaire's translations of Poe is
A. to show how the two writers hate each other.
B. to show bow the two writers love each other.
C. to prove that plagiarism is pardonable.
D. to prove that influence may result in a search for an alter ego.
44. It can be inferred that Poe's writing
A. favors the theme of evil.
B. tends to describe flowers.
C. reveals a vague personality.
D. contains the image of mirror.
45. Why does the author think that Baudelaire's translation of Poe's works was a self-destructive action?
A. Because it made Baudelaire even sadder.
B. Because he allowed Poe to invade his own identity.
C. Because it incurred his parents' contempt
D. Because it ruined his reputation as a good translator.
46. Which of the following words can best describe Poedelaire?
A. romantic
B. sentimental
C. pessimistic
D. revolutionary
Passage 2
Baudelaire first purchased Poe's works in London in 1851. This was his first encounter with American, and he immediately fell in love with the tone, style and content of these texts. He never wrote anything about the theoretical concepts of literary influence and plagiarism whereas Poe had spent a lot of energy attempting to prove his originality. Baudelaire, inversely, although acknowledging that he felt an intimacy with Poe, always refused to admit that he recreated this intimacy in the works he wrote after his translations of Poe, that is to say, after 1856. He was obviously deeply influenced by Poe's essay Eureka presenting the human coalition as a simultaneous movement of attraction and repulsion. This phenomenon of unconscious reappropriation is another clear manifestation of Harald Bloom's Anxiety of Influence. Instead of fighting against the influence of the first writer, the second writer, moved by passion, prefers to vampirize him, to suck out his creative substance like the painter absorbs his bride's life in Poe's The Oval Portrait. This absorption that Bloom calls a tessera, both completes and betrays at the same time. Like physical possession, it satisfies temporarily the one who possesses, while stealing some independence from the one who is possessed. This symbolic
betrayal linked to the linguistic possession of Poe by Baudelaire is quite relevant when one observes the mistakes made by the French poet in his translations. Baudelaire loved the English language and used it in an instinctive way, whereas translation requires technicity and precision, a full understanding of both the source and target language which he certainly lacked. In a letter written to Maria Clemm, Poe's mother-in-law, and published in France in 1854 in the newspaper Le Pays, as a preface to one of his first translations, "Souvenirs de M. Auguste Bedloe," we can read the following lines: "Adieu, madame; parmi les differents saluts et les formules de complimentation qui ne peuvent conchire une missive dune arne a une ame, je n'en connais quune aux sentiments que m'inspire votre personne: goodness, godness". It is not my purpose to translate the whole letter but we will concentrate on the two concluding words "goodness, godness" that Baudelaire adds in English at the end of his friendly message. His desire to play upon words and to show his mastery of the English language results in a Poor lexical association that Mrs Clemm must have had some problems in understanding! Goodness is an exclamation, quite inappropriate in such a context and godliness is a neologism, probably used here instead of godliness which would not have been correct either.
Question:
47. The author seems to imply that Baudelaire______________________
A. had no idea of literary influence.
B. never thought of literary influence.
C. never admitted that he was influenced by Poe.
D.never appreciated the writings by Poe.
48. The word "intimacy" in line 5 probably means _____________________
A. friendliness.
B. sympathy.
C. love.
D. privacy.
49. " Anxiety of influence " means the_______________________________
A. the second writer is influenced by the first writer, but he does not acknowledge it.
B. the second writer does not want to be influenced, but he has to.
C. the second writer purposely imitates me first writer, then he feels guilty of it
D. the second writer is not influenced by the first writer, but is accused of it.
50. The nationality of Baudelaire is ____________
A. English
B. French
C. American
D. German
51. This passage mainly discusses _______________________
A. translation.
B. misunderstanding.
C. plagiarism.
D. influence.
52. According to Poe, attraction and repulsion are _______________ .
A. simultaneous
B. unconscious
C. contradi ctory
D. both A and C
Passage 3
As a literary critic, surely my best source of information on "globalization" is literature and I hardly need to say that this subject is thematic in a great many works of contemporary Latin American fiction. In fact, Latin American literature includes a long tradition of cultural theorizing that addresses the nature and effects of cultural contact, and thus the processes of globalization avant la lettre. Since the first decades of the twentieth century, indigenista movements considered cultural (and racial) difference and contested the cultural homogeneity imposed by European and U.S- colonialism; indigenismo valorized indigenous traditions and practices, and reconstituted the question of cultural inclusiveness. The movement was led by the Peruvian intellectuals Jose Carlos Maridtegui and Jose Maria Arguedas, with related discussions of transculturation and national identity by Ezequiet Martinez Estrada in Argentina, Gilberto Freyrc in Brazil, and Fernando Ortiz in Cuba. Jose V asconcelos, more than his contemporaries, celebrated the process of cultural contact: racial mestizaje had its apotheosis in the 1920s V asconcelos's nationalistic concept of la raza casmica ("the cosmic race") Alejo Carpentier dramatizes this discussion: from his first novel in 1933 he recommends not that cultures struggle against colonialism to remain discrete in their differences, but, rather, that that they recognize cultural otherness and embrace it. His formulation of the neobarroco or New World Baroque provides an overarching structure to incorporate European, African, and indigenous cultures into a shared Latin American identity. In his 1975 essay "Lo barroco y lo real maravilloso* (The Baroque and me Marvelous Real"), Carpentier asks: "And why is Latin America the
chosen territory of the baroque? Because all symbiosis, all mestizaje, engenders the baroque. The American baroque develops along with — the awareness of being Other, of being new, of being symbiotic, of being criollo; and the criollo spirit is itself a baroque spirit". Carpentier, and following him the Cuban writers Jose Lezama Lima and Severo Sarduy, understood the irony of engaging the Baroque forms of the Spanish colonizers to construct a post-colonial identity and they turned effectively the neobarroco, or New World Baroque, into an instrument of contraconquista (counterconquest). The Neobaroque is an aesthetics and ideology of inclusion by which Latin American and Latino artists have defined themselves against colonizing structures, and continue to do so.
Questions:
53. The word "addresses" in line 4 probably means .
A. includes
B. concerns
C. relates
D. talks
54. Indigenista movements most probably voiced the feelings of
A. the colonizing
B. the colonized
C. the European
D. the American
55. According to the author, minor nations and races
A. welcome globaliztion
B. fear globalization
C. resent cultural contact
D. needs cultural contact
56. The term "cultural otherness" probably means
A. difference in cultural identity
B. cultural separation
C. hostility among nations
D. cultural misunderstandings
57. "The cosmic race" probably refers to .
A. the incorporation of races
B. the communication among races
C. marriage among races
D. creation of a new race
58. "Baroque spirit" means the willingness to_____________.
A. recognize and embrace differences
B. study foreign cultures with caution
C. D. protect local integrity
Passage 4
Having said all of this, I should, perhaps, locate myself. I teach and write about a loose and baggy territory called las Americas, the Americas, and most often about the part of that category referred to as Latin America. This latter space includes nations, of course, but the demarcation is far more flexible because of its plural referent. The writers who inhabit this territory possess dual citizenship, for they are self-avowed "Latin American" writers at the same time that they are also Mexican, Argentine, Peruvian, or Cuban. In fact, they arc often engaged deeply in describing their own national cultures and are far from ready to throw out the baby with the globalizing bathwater. Mexico is a particularly interesting case of the use of nation as a defense against the leveling pressures of globalization —a nationalism of resistance, in Wallerstein's terms, rather than a nationalism of domination. For example, the much debated NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement —or the TLC, Tratado de Libre Comercio —opened Mexico's borders to American commercial onslaughts in the early 1990s, but in cultural matters, the treaty encodes a very different attitude. The Free Trade Agreement contains an Annex that provides special protection to Mexico's c ultural industries. Some of its provisions are as follows: 1) The use of the Spanish language is required for the broadcast, cable or multipoint distribution system of radio and television, except when the Secretaria de Gobemacion authorizes the use of another language; 2) A majority of the time of each day's live broadcast programs must feature Mexican nationals; 3) The use of die Spanish language or Spanish subtitles is required for advertising that is broadcast or otherwise distributed in the territory of Mexico; and 4) Thirty percent of screen time of every theatre, assessed on an annual basis, may be reserved for films produced by Mexican persons either within or outside the territory of Mexico. I should also like to mention that it was Canada that insisted on cultural industry protection clauses in the North American Free Trade Agreement originally and the Canadian government achieved partial success, at best. In comparison, protections of cultural industries are common throughout the European Union: France passed recently legislation requiring that French radio stations devote forty percent of airtime to French music, and Spain also passed a law requiring that one-fourth to one-third of all movies shown in Spanish theaters to be of Spanish origin, England has long protected its movie industry:
the great film director Michael Powell got his start, as did other British directors during the 1930s, making what were called quota quickies. So, even as I suggest that comparatists may want to review our nationa list institutional and disciplinary structures in the light of global mobilities, nations continue to protect their cultures against those same forces.
Questions:
59. The phrase "plural referent" in line 4 refers to .
A. the nations
B. the writers
C. the Americas
D. the cultures
60. The phrase " throwing out the baby with the bathwater" probably means .
A. embracing the globalizing force
B. discarding whatever is contaminated by globalization
C. taking advantage of globalization to foster national cultures
D. no discrimination should be made between national and international cultures
61. It can be inferred from the passage mat Mexico is a country that .
A. rejects foreign cultures
B. is afraid of foreign culture
C. protects national culture
D. protects national commerce
62. Cultural industries include .
A. radio and televison
B. newspapers and magazines
C. movies and music
D. all of them
63. The provisions contained in the Annex to the Free Trade Agreement seem to focus on
A. language
B. territory
C. culture
D. citizenship
64. Which of me following statements is not true?
A. Latin American countries protect their national industries.
B. North American countries protect their national industries.
C. European countries protect their national industries.
D. Western superpowers are not afraid of being globalized.
Passage 5
Once the presence of these characteristics has been recognized, most discussions of globalization move directly to comparative cultural -questions. Anthropologists, economists, ecologists, and political scientists all become cultural comparatists, weighing cultural differences against what is generally considered to be the inevitable function of globalization: the leveling of cultural difference. This comparative quotient runs inexorably, it seems, through discussions of globalization, and it should interest us as a profession, since our own most basic disciplinary methods are, of course, designed to recognize and interpret difference. I dunk of my own work in comparative Amer ican cultures, for example, as moving along spectrum between assumptions of basic cultural difference on the one hand and literary examples of shared attitudes and expressive structures on the other. I took for common contexts in order to ground my comparisons, but it is the differences that will matter most to my analysis. So, a mirror image begins to emerge, whereas the literary comparatist may be said to value significant differences and to study literature for what we may learn from those differences, me processes of globalization would seem to work in ways that are something like the reverse —toward a leveling of significant difference in favor of insignificant sameness. But this comparison, too, will need to be complicated, for homogeneity and heterogeneity are not necessarily antithetical, and in 'fact may operate in dialectical relationship. Consider, for example, my third characteristic of globalization—unprecedented levels of immigration —a circumstance mat suggests the following paradox: the processes of globalization may homogenize tastes and habits by means of new information technologies and global markets, but at the same time they may also generate configurations of striking difference, as immigrants occupy new cultural and linguistic spaces. Nowhere is this more true than in the U. S., where we are experiencing the greatest migratory influx of our history. Certain regions of the country are more illustrative of this than others, of course, but let me say simply that my classes at the University of Houston are far more diverse culturally, linguistically, and ethnically than they were ten years ago —a comparative cultural opportunity that I feel, frankly, I have not yet fully engaged in my own teaching and that our curricular and departmental structures have not yet fully responded to, either.
Questions:
65. The author implies that the inevitable function of globalization is .
A. maintenance of differences
B. reduction of differences
C. promotion of cooperation
D. exaltation of competition
66. According to the passage, the main objective of comparison is to .
A. identify common features
B. encourage competition
C. recognize differences
D. both A and C
67. The profession of the author of this passage is most likely that of a .
A. comparatist
B. anthropologist
C. ecologist
D. political scientist
68. The word "paradox" in line 19 probably means .
A. contradiction
B. identification
C. supplementation
D. seemingly contradictory
69. Immigration brings__ to the destination country.
A. wealth
B. diversity
C. disorder
D. disagreement
70. What relates globalization to cultural comparison is the fact that _.
A. globalization generates more discussions
B. globalization arouses more disputes over cultural matters
C. globalization both homogenize and heterogenize
D. the author is equally interested in both
Part IV (30')
Division A:In this part, you are required to complete 20 sentences. Each sentence wants one word only. You must choose the needed word from the provisions below. You do not need to change the form of the chosen word. But the word you choose must fit into the sentence in both meaning and grammar. For each correct completion, you will get one point. (20%)
existentialism realms particular structure prophecies primacy
discredit tinged mediation poetry demeaned forms value
diachronic antithesis quantitative methodology that obtaining temporal
71. The formalists argued at the beginning for a strict separation of form and content and made repeated efforts to ____
the latter as a proper object of literary study by
concentrating exclusively on the former.
72. It's not so much ______ they love the possibility of doing or not doing something as it is the possibility of speaking
with words, agreed on among themselves, about various topics.
73. The so-called formal method grew out of a struggle for a science of literature that would be both independent and
factual; it is not the outgrowth of a particular _______ .
74. What I am interested in doing now is suggesting how the general liberal consensus that "true" knowledge is
fundamentally non-political obscures the highly if obscurely organized political circumstances _______when knowledge is produced.
75. My point here is that "Russia" as a general subject matter has political priority over nicer distinctions such as
"economics" and "literary history," because political society in Gramsci's sense reaches into such _______of civil society as the academy and saturates them with significance of direct concern to it.
76. To say this may seem quite different from saying that all academic knowledge about India and Egypt is somehow
_______ and impressed with, violated by, the gross political fact — and yet that is what I am saying in this study of Orientalism.
77. But there is no getting away from the fact that literary studies in general, and American Marxist theorists in _____,
have avoided the effort of seriously bridging the gap between the superstructure] and base levels in textual, historical scholarship.
78. In the second place, to believe that politics in the form of imperialism bears upon The production of literature,
scholarship, social theory, and history writing is by no means equivalent to saying that culture is therefore a______ or denigrated thing.
79. So it is mat the life of Christ, the text of the New Testament, which comes as the fulfillment of the hidden _____ and
annunciatory signs of the Old, constitutes a second, properly allegorical level, in terms of which the latter may be rewritten.
80. Stalin's "expressive causality" can be detected, to take one example, in the productionist ideology of Soviet Marxism,
as an insistence on the _______ of the forces of production.
81. _______ is the classical dialectical term for the establishment of relationships between, say, the formal analysis of a
work of art and its social ground, or between the internal dynamics of the political state and its economic base.
82. The archetypal critic studies the poem as part of poetry, and as part of the total human imitation of nature that we
call civilization.
83. When we pass into anagogy, nature becomes, not the container, but the thing contained, and the archetypal universal
symbols, the city, the garden, the quest, the marriage, are no longer the drsirabte______ that man constructs inside nature, but are themselves the forms of nature.
84. We have suggested that it is only in the first narrowly political horizon — in which history is reduced to a series of
punctual events and crises in time, to the ______ agitation of the year-to-year, the chroniclelike annals of the rise and fall of political regimes and social fashions, and tile passionate immediacy of struggles between historical individuals — that the "text" or object of study will tend to coincide with the individual literary work or cultural artifact.
85. It would be tempting, but not quite accurate, to see in them two mutually exclusive modes of thought, to hold them
up as the______ between the analytical and the dialectical understanding.
86. Saussure's position has many affinities with that of Husseri, for like Husserl he was not content simply to point out
the existence of another equally valuable mode of humanistic and qualitative thought alongside the scientific and______ , but tried to codify the structure of such thought in a methodological way, thus making all kinds of new and concrete investigations possible.
87. In personal or psychological terms, this methodological perception is reflected in _______, whose leitmotive — the
priority of existence over essence — is indeed simply another way of saying the same thing, and of showing how lived reality alters in function of the "choice" we make of it or the essences through which we interpret it: in other words, in function of the "model" through which we see and live the world.
88. His solution to this dilemma is ingenious: one may call it situational, or even phenomenological, in that it takes into
account the concrete _______of speech as a "circuit of discourse," as a relationship between two speakers.
89. The movement of Saussure's thought may perhaps be articulated as follows: language is not an object, not a
substance, but rather a _______ : thus language is a perception of identity.
90. The syntagmatic dimension, in other words, looks like a primary phenomenon only when we examine its individual
units separately; then they seem to be organized successively in time according to some mode of_______ perception. Division B: The fallowing is an incomplete passage. Fill each blank with one word only. You can choose any word from your vocabulary so long as it completes the sentence both in grammar and in meaning. For each correct completion, you will get one point (10%)
Perhaps it was the middle of January in the present that I first looked up and saw the mark on the wail. In order to fix a date it was necessary to remember what one 91 . So now I think of the fire; the steady 92 of yellow light upon the page of my book; the three chrysanthernums 93 the round glass bowl on the mantelpiece. Y es, it 94 have been the winter time, and we had just finished our tea, 95 I remember that I was smoking a cigarette when I looked up and saw the mark on the wall for the first time. I looked up 96 the smoke of my cigarette and my eye lodged for a 97 upon the burning coals, and that old fancy of the crimson flag _98 from me castle tower came into my mind, and I thought of the cavalcade of red knights riding up the side of the black rock. Rather to my 99 the sight of the mark interrupted the fancy, for it is an old fancy, an automatic fancy, made as a child perhaps. The mark was a small round mark, black upon the white wall, about six or seven inches 100 the mantelpiece.
Part V (50')
Division A:Translate the following passage from English into Chinese (25%)
Institutions which immigrants had developed in their Old World homelands proved providentially suited to their different needs in America. And there were no better exemplars of this than the Irish. For this new nation was rich in formal governmental organizations: constitutions, legislatures, and courts galore. The long experience of Americans in self-government was of course one of the causes of the War for Independence. And American Independence, conspicuously unlike Irish Independence, had come after only a decade or two of agitation and extralegal organization.
Success in the American Revolution meant that me people now controlled their governments. Constitution making men became a national pastime, while political parties debated the proper emphasis of government under the new constitutions.
How different had been the Irish experienced! While American political life tool the forms of self-government, Irish political life took the forms of endless rebellion which never climaxed in revolution. While Americans were preoccupied with social compacts, rights of representation, forms of legislation, and the balance and limits of power, the Irish had been preoccupied with organized sabotage and the frustration of unjust laws. The American experience had been legalistic and formal; the Irish had been informal, extralegal, or even antilegal. But the Irish experience would not be wasted in America.
Division B: Translate the following passage from Chinese into English (25%)
自从我画的马从案头走向社会，有人说他像徐悲鸿之马，有人说他像刘勃舒之马。应当说，我从这些大家的作品中学到了不少超乎具体笔墨的东西，但我知道我画的马谁也不像，他们只属于我，因为大师们早已定下了“学我者生，向我者死”的画界法律。世界虽大，但艺术行业步人后尘亦步亦趋者必无立锥之地。行不更名坐不改姓，哪怕再不济我仍然是我。这不是偏执，而是艺术上的求生之法。行家们尽可以指出我的作品中的一千个缺陷、一万种毛病，但无论从构图立意造境到笔墨形象，他们都只属于我自己。
艺无止境，人贵自知。随着眼界的开阔，我愈来愈感到自己画的马在力度、刚性、神韵上的不足。他还只是凡马，在地上驰骤的凡马，因为他还过于写实——它对那大象无形、天人合一、物我皆备的神骏还只能望其项背。它还亟待自我完善和升华。但愿下毕生马如破竹，一洗万古凡马空——只是我可能永远达不到但却永远追求的境界。（This is the end of the test.）
环球时代：《英语专业考研考前10天基础英语水平模考测试卷》参考答案（3）
Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (40 points)
Directions: The following 40 short statements are provided each with four items. You are to choose for each the best word or phrase in place of the underlined or missing part. Please write your answer on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.
1. The police the witness about the accident.
A. question
B. ask
C. interrogate
D. inquire
2. The salesman his product when challenged.
A. sold
B. spoke of C stood up for D. stood for
3. She makes a rather living as a novelist.
A. precarious
B. precautionary
C. cautious
D. precocious
4. She the chance to spend a whole day with her father. . * '
A. jumped on
B. jumped at
C. jumped with
D. jumped up
3. The car to avoid hitting the old man.
A. swerved
B. rambled
C. scurried
D. curtailed
6. Anyone who has a sore throat should from alcohol.
A. abstain
B. retain
C. detain
D. pertain
8. Despite a whole night's emergency treatment, the boy’s condition is still critical and his life is now hanging by a
A. thread
B. cord
C. string
D. rope
9. The film was banned officially- because of the language and scenes it contained.
A. decent
B. optimal
C. obscene
D. vicious
10. China will continue to to control population growth and improve the living standard of Chinese people.
A. stride
B. contrive
C. strive
D. stripe
11. He avowed his commitment to those ideals.
A. acknowledged
B. converted
C. conformed
D. renounced
12. The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.
A. devising
B. supporting
C. funding
D. provoking
13 I wish you two would stop bickering.
A. complaining B quarreling C. bargaining D murmuring
14. The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.
A. forgiving
B. release
C. leniency
D. impartiality
15. The little boy listened, enthralled by the Captain’s story.
A. fascinated
B. swindled
C. shocked
D. bored
16. I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.
A. encouragement
B. special skill
C. shrewdness
D. eloquence
17. Y our action is a breach of our university regulations.
A. observation
B. violation
C. creation
D. attack
18. Subsequent events vindicated his policy.
A. predicate
B. swing
C. dilate
D. verify
19. Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.
A. impulsive
B. multicolored
C. obligatory'
D. laughable
20. Morality, for him, was doing what is expedient.
A. undesirable
B. unavailable C advantageous D. inappropriate
21 Y ou'd like this one, ?
A. don't you
B. didn't you
C. hadn't you
D. wouldn’t you
22. Do you happen to know the name of this ?
A. beautiful, little, red, butterfly-like insect
B. little, beautiful, red, butterfly-like insect
C. red, little, beautiful, butterfly-like insect
D. red, butterfly-like, beautiful, little insect
23. My son walked ten miles today. We never guessed that he could walk far.
A. /
B. such
C. that
D. as
24. If talks for the new trade agreements take , food industries in both countries will be seriously affected.
A. much too long
B. too much longer
C. too much long
D. much long
25. Jim expected nobody in the room.
A. there being
B. there been
C. there to be
D. there be
26. Frankly, I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.
A. do
B. didn't do
C. don’t do
D. didn't
27. This is a nation which easily to changes.
A. adapts
B. is adapted
C. is adaptable
D. is adapting
28. The young man proved his parents’ expectation.
A. worth
B. worthy
C. worth of
D. worthy of
29. After a whole day of hard work, all was a nice meal and a good rest
A. what he wanted
B. which he wanted
C. the thing he wanted
D. that he wanted
30. A modem city has sprung up in was a wasteland ten years ago
A. in which
B. which
C. in that
D. whereas
32. I wonder whether he knows to write a book.
A. how great pains it will cost
B. what great pains will it take
C. what great pains it will cost D what great pains it will take
33. college students should learn more about Chinese history.
A. 1 consider important that
B. I consider it important
C. I consider what is important
D. I consider it important that
34. To a highly imaginative writer, is a pad of paper and a pen.
A. all are required
B. all required is
C. all is required
D. all that is required
35. was of no much help to him at that time.
A. Little could I do
B. What could I do little
C. The little of which 1 could do
D. The little that I could do
36. Scientists have reached the conclusion the temperature on the earth is getting higher and higher.
A. when
B. but
C. that
D. for that
37. The teacher said, "It's time you your oral presentation.”
A. began
B. should begin
C. begin
D. are beginning
38. Y ou and I could hardly understand each other, ?
A. could I
B. couldn't you
C. could we
D. couldn't we
39. A clue Americans may have been more honest in the past lies in the Abe Lincoln story.
A. as for why
B. as to what
C. as to which D as to why
40. Petroleum is to industry blood is to man.
A. that
B. as if
C. what
D. which
Part II Cloze T est (20 points) "
Directions: Read the passage below carefully and choose the best answer from those given. Write your choice on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.
The tuberculosis situation in China is worsening again. It cannot be 1 unless the current situation which China has Four Highs and One Low is changed. The Four Highs and the One Low means a high infection rate, a high drug 2 rate, a high death rate, a high__3 of infection, and a low rate of decline changes.
Experts say that China is one of the twenty-two countries in the world with the highest tuberculosis 4 China ranks second in the world in the 5 number of the people who have TB. Over 500 million Chinese have been 6 to the TB bacillus, six million have active TB and two million are 7 carriers of the disease. Over two hundred and fifty thousand Chinese die each year from TB. This is twice as many as those who die 8 all of China' s other contagious diseases 9
The rate of TB in the Chinese countryside is 2.4 times 10 in the city. In China, as in other countries, at lease half of the 11 active TB cases, and deaths are in women.
Children are the most 12 to infection of all. 13 statistics, the TB death rate among children aged 0-4 are 0.8 per 100,000 and 0.5 per 100,000. A14 found that about half of the TB 15 people have not been found and registered. For 16 reasons, about 65.9 per cent of the people with TB symptoms are not 17 having TB. Experts warn that no disease compares with TB in the damage it 18 on families and the harm it does to China’s economic development. Seventy-five percent of the people with active TB cases 19 in the 15-34 age group, the most 20 age group. This means that China loses 360 million working days each year to TB.
1. A. beaten B. conquered C. overcome D. defeated
2. A. resistance B. injection C. inferior D. resistable
3. A. incidence B. incident C. accident D. accidence
4. A. burden B. load C. cargo D. freight
5. A. whole B. large C. imaginary D. total
6. A. revealed B. revealing C. exposed D. exposing
7. A. contagious B. conscientious C. continuous D. consecutive
8. A. away B. down C. off D. from
9. A. joined B. added C. united D. combined
10. A. that B. than C as D. less
11. A. infections B. infectious C. affection D. infectants
12. A. fragile B. vulnerable C. feeble D. crisp
13. A. On the contrary B. According to C. With respect to D. In addition to
14. A. research B. inspect C. survey D. study
15. A. opposite B. negative C. opponent D. positive
16. A. disparate B. desperate C. various D. distinct
17. A. diagnosed as B. diagnosed to C. diagnosed about D. diagnosed with
18. A. inflicts B. affiliates C. afflicts D. conflicts
考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习一 Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, the electors who have been chosen in November assemble in their respective state capitals to signal their preference. The future president and vice-president must receive at least 270 electoral votes, a majority of the total of 538, to win. Members of the electoral college have the moral, but not the legal, obligation to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state. This moral imperative, plus the fact that electors are members of the same political party as the presidential candidate winning the popular vote, ensures that the outcome in the electoral college is a valid reflection of the popular vote in November. [B] It is even possible for someone to win the popular vote, yet lost the presidency to another candidate. How? It has to do with the electoral college. [C] The electoral college was created in response to a problem encountered during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where delegates were trying to determine the best way to choose the president. The framers of the Constitution intended that the electors, a body of men chosen for their wisdom, should come together and choose on behalf of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political parties guaranteed that the electoral of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political guaranteed that the electoral system never worked as the framers had intended; instead, national parties, i. e. nationwide alliances of local interests, quickly came to dominate the election campaigns. The electors became mere figureheads representing the state branches of the parties who got them chosen, and their votes were predetermined and predictable. [D] How are the electors chosen? Although there is some variation among states in how electors are appointed, generally they are chosen by the popular vote, always on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Each political party in a state chooses a state of local worthies to be members of the electoral college if the party’s presidential candidate wins at least a plurality of the popular vote in the state. [E] How is the number of electors decided? Every state has one elector for each senator and representative it sends to Congress. States with greater populations therefore have more electors in the electoral college. All states have at least 3 electors, but California, the most populous state, has 54. The District of Columbia, though not a state, is also allowed to send three electors.
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（7） (1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable neighbors__1__, scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been__2__Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being__3__increases with age—but overall happiness__4__when a person was born. __5__studies that have__6__older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not__7__whether their__8__was because of their age or because of their__9__life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science ,__10__out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including__11__measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers found, after controlling for variables__12__health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education, that well-being increases over everyone′s lifetime.__13__people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,__14__much less happy than those who have had more__15__lives. This finding helps to__16__why past studies have found conflicting results—experience__17__, and tough times can__18__an entire generation′s happiness for the rest of their lives. The__19__news is,__20__we′ve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age. 第1题 A.alike B.alongside C.aside D.besides 第2题 A.conflicting B.worrying C.revealing D.appealing 第3题 A.accordingly B.indeed C.hence D.nevertheless 第4题 A.resides with B.rests with C.depends on D.reckons on 第5题
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三) Passage 11 Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They
Unit 1 一、填单词 1、My job varies between the extremely tedious and the annoyingly busy. __On balance __I think I'm happier during the really busy times; no time to think about how bored I am。我的工作既有特无聊的时候，也有忙得要命 的时候。但总的来说，我在真正忙的时候高兴些，因为在那个时候，我没时间去想我有多厌倦。 2、It is the nature of the wise to___resist__ pleasures, but the foolish to be a slave to them。明智之人天生会抵制享乐，而愚蠢之人却成了它的奴隶。 3、I figure out a good team of dogs, hitched to a light sled, can _haul__ 1,000 pounds of goods. 一组健壮的狗可以用轻小的雪橇拉动1,000磅的货物。 4、In the story, the little girl has a _wicked__ stepmother, who makes her life a misery. 在这个故事中，小女孩有一个心肠很坏的继母，让她生活很痛苦。 5、Nothing ever becomes real till it is experienced -- even a proverb is no proverb to you till your life has __illustrated__ it. 眼见为实——即使是谚语在你没有在生活中得到证明时，也不一定正确。 6、Nowadays almost all libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to remain within their__ budget _ .当前，几乎所有图书馆发现靠他们的预算生存下去越来越难。 7、You can increase a tyre’s grip in winter by slightly __lowering __ its pressure . 冬天可以稍微放点气来增强轮胎的抓力。 8、Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario are shared by the United States and Canada, and form part of the _boundary_between the two
考生注意事项 1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。 2. 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。 3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。 (1) 英语知识运用、阅读理解A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡1上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。 (2) 阅读理解部分C节的答案和作文必须用(蓝)黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡2上作答。字迹要清楚。 4. 考试结束，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题一并装入试题袋中交回。 考试时间 满分180分钟100分得分 Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) It is generally recognized in the world that the second Gulf War in Iraq is a cr ucial test of high-speed web. For decades, Americans have anxiously 1 each war t hrough a new communication 2, from the early silent film of World War I to the 24 -hour cable news 3 of the first Persian Gulf War. Now, 4 bombs exploding in Baghdad, a sudden increase in wartime 5 for onlin e news has become a central test of the 6 of high-speed Internet connections. It i s also a good 7 both to attract users to online media 8 and to persuade them to pay for the material they find there, 9 the value of the Cable News Network persu aded millions to 10 to cable during the last war in Iraq. 11 by a steady rise over the last 18 months in the number of people with hig h-speed Internet 12, now at more than 70 million in the United States, the web sit es of many of the major news organizations have 13 assembled a novel collage (拼贴) of 14 video, audio reports, photography collections, animated weaponry 15, i nteractive maps and other new digital reportage.
2010考研英语（二）模拟试卷 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points） Among the thousands of business schools now operating around the world you would be hard-pressed to find one that doesn't believe it can teach the skills of entrepreneurship. However, of the people who immediately 1 to mind when one thinks of entrepreneurs——Bill Gates, Richard Branson or Oprah Winfrey, for example—few have done more than 2 a speech at a business school. 3 , a recent study by King's College in London has suggested what many intuitively 4 : that entrepreneurship may actually be in the blood—more to do with genes than classroom experience. All of which 5 the question—does an entrepreneur really need a business-school education? Not surprisingly some of the best-known schools in the field have a 6 answer to this: they don't actually profess to create entrepreneurs, 7 they nurture innate ability. Or as Timothy Faley of the entrepreneurial institute at Michigan's Ross School of Business 8 it: “A good idea is not enough. You need to know how to 9 a good idea into a good business.” Schools do this in a number of ways. One is to 10 that faculty are a mix of classic academics and businesspeople with experience of 11 their own successful firms. They can also create “incubators” where students 12 ideas and rub shoulders on a day-to-day basis with the external business world, receiving both advice and hard cash in the form of investment. Arguably such help is now more important than ever. The modern entrepreneur is faced with a more 13 world than when Richard Branson began by selling records out of a phone box. According to Patrice Houdayer, head of one of Europe's best-known entrepreneurship schools, EMIYON in France, new businesses used to move through a 14 series of growth steps—what he terms garage, local, national and international. Now however, 15 the communications revolution, they can leapfrog these stages and go global more or less straightaway—encountering a whole new 16 of problems and challenges. In this 17 Professor Houdayer maintains that the increasingly 18 nature of MBA classes can help the nascent entrepreneur in three ways: by plugging them into an international network of contacts and advisors, by preparing them for the pitfalls and opportunities 19 with dealing across different cultures and by 20 them to the different ways that business is conducted around the globe.
2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案(2) The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were — reptiles or birds — are among the questions scientists have puzzled over. Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharpclaws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal’s body. The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
Unit 1 in order to no longer\not…any longer suffer from on purpose be concerned about go through set down get\be tired of get along with join in calm down add up 1.I_________________watching television;let’s go for a walk. 2.We started early_______________arrive before dark. 3.The country has_________________too many wars. 4.They are going to________________the singing. 5.She_________________your safety,you should come back earlier next time. 6.Although I am a new comer, I________________my classmates very well. 7.I didn’t do it_________________. It was an accident. 8.__________________3,4and 5and you\ll get 12. 9.She often_______________headaches. 10.I have ________________everything that the teacher said. Unit 2 because of such as play a part in at present make use of come up even if be based on believe it or not communicate with at the end of make voyages to 1.________________,more than half of our body weight comes to water. 2.Nowadays China______________important____________in the world. 3.A number of questions_______________at the meeting. 4._________________she is working abroad and she will come back next year. 5.This play________________ a true story. 6.We’ll have an exam in English______________January. 7.I think you’d better_______________your spare time better. 8._________________ we achieve great success in our work, we should no be proud. 9.We can now_______________ people on the other side of the world by using internet. 10.The football match was put off______________the terrible weather. Unit 3 be fond of care about change one’s mind make up one’s mind give in give up as usual prefer…to…be familiar with find out give out bring up 1.Can you________________ what time the train leaves? 2.Children are _______________in a better way by their educated mathers. 3.Many boys _______________playing football after school. 4.Li Ping_______________ watching TV at home_____________ going out for playing. 5.Are you_____________ the popular song? 6.She is a brave fighter, she never_______________. 7.Once he has _______________, nothing can change it. 8.My brother does not _____________the details of a book. 9.His father gets up early______________ and does exercise outside. 10.The doctor persuaded my father to_________________ smoking and drinking to much.
博士研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及详解（12） SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20%) （略） SECTION ⅡSTRUCTUREAND VOCABULARY (35%) Part A Directions: Questions 31-40 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 31. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ______. A. it is the American antelope C. being the American antelope B. is the American antelope D. the American antelope is 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个大陆草地典型居住者是美洲羚羊。本句是倒装句结构。 32. In order to remain in existence ______ must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. A. a profit-making organization
英语（二）模拟试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data. The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users’ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America. The regulator’s findin gs come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week. Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 . The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social network’s “good history” on privac y. The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers’ approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years. There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers’ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate. 1. [A] setting [B] playing [C] lighting [D] turning 2. [A] craft [B] documentary [C] trade [D] draft 3. [A] verdicts [B] allegations [C] rumors [D] affirmation 4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses 5. [A] impulse [B] initiative [C] innovation [D] motion 6. [A] increase [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearance 7. [A] indispensable [B] essential [C] critical [D] fundamental 8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove 9. [A] controversy [B] competition [C] dispute [D] compromise