1．beat (n)敲击，跳动(vt)打，输
beaten track 常规；惯例；被踩出来的路
[辨析1]beat和win的用法：
①beat表示“在战斗中战胜对手，宾语是人，不是物”。beat后接运动员、球队或
对手等。例如：I can beat you at chess .
②beat意为“胜于，击败”。例：He is going to beat the world record .
③win战胜，因赢，它的宾语是物，如比赛，战争。win后接“a game, a war, a watch,
a prize”
等。例：The boy won the first prize in contest .
I can always beat him at chess.
Which team win the football match?We beat them by score 2 to 1.
[辨析2]beat; hit; strike的用法：这三个词都有"打；击；敲"的意思，但仔细分辩，
还是有其各自的用法。
①beat 表示"连续不断地打击"；尤其指心脏的跳动。
● beat sb in the chest
● beat…to death
● to beat a drum敲鼓
②hit表示"撞击"（尤指一次性的）或命中（目标）。而strike除了与hit同义外，还可以理解为划（火柴）；给人深刻印象等。如：The man looked dead but his heart was still beating.这个人看上去已经死了，可心脏还在跳动。
He hit the ball so hard that it went over the wall.他使劲地击球，结果球越过了墙。
I have some _________ to do this afternoon.
A. shop
B. shops
C. shopping
D. a shop
He ____ his opponent in the game at last.
A. beat
B. beated
C. beaten
D. was beating
2．fame (n)名声；名气；声誉famous (adj)出名的；著名的
be famous/ known for因/以……而著名（for后接出名的原因）
be famous/ known as作为……而出名/著名(接职务、身份或地位等名词)
be famous/ known to对……来说出名
※比较：be famous as ; be famous for ;be famous to和be famous at 的用法：
【一】以“地方”做主语：
①be famous for 表示“以某种特产而‘闻名’著名，出名”，famous 相当于well-known ②be famous as 表示“以什么样的产地或地方而出名”。eg:
Hangzhou is famous _________ producing silk in China .
A. from
B. at
C. in
D. for
● The area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区是生产绿茶的地区。
【二】以“人物”做主语：①be famous for 表示“某人以某种知识，技能或特征出
名” ● Eins tein was famous for his Theory of Relativity . 爱因斯坦以他的相对论
而闻名。※be famous as表示“某人以某种身份出名”。如：Einstein was famous as
a great scientist .【注意】：be famous for 后的介词宾语是主语的所属内容. be famous as 后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分。③be famous to s
b 对某人来说是著
名的…④be famous at （= be good at（擅长））= do well in 在…方面做得好/表现
出色。（反义词）be no good at (do badly in)“
在……方面做得很差”。E.g: Egypt is famous for its grand pyramids.She is famous as a writer.
Tom did badly in the foot ball match.Qingdao is famous for its beautiful scenery.
Lu xun is famous/ known as a writer.
As is known to us all, the Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.
Lu Xun was famous _________ his works _________ a writer.
A. for; for
B. for; as
C. as; for
D. as; as
3．use (vt&n)使用useless (adj)无用的；无效的；无益的（反义词）useful (adj)
⑴used to do sth.表示过去经常或持续的行为，现在已不再发生，该句型即可用助
动词did构成否定句和疑问句，也可以把used当作助动词的用法来交换。如：I used
to climbed trees and swim and play football.我过去常常爬山，游泳，踢足球.⑵used
to 和would都用来谈过去的习惯，但used to 可以指动作或情况，而would只表
示重复的动作且不强调今昔对比. ※比较“ used to be及used to do sth ”和“ be used
to do sth及be used to doing sth”
的用法:①用于肯定句used to be (指状况)表示“过
去常常和习惯做某事，也指过去反复发生的动作。即“used to be sth”
。其否定形式：
used not/ usedn’t to be/do sth/
也可用助动词did构成否定句和疑问句，疑问句形式：
used sb to do /be……？
②be used to do sth表示“被用于做……”含有被动语态的意义。
③become/ get/ be used to doing sth习惯于做某事。用来表示“现在，过去及将来
习惯于做某事。”下列句型中只可用动名词和It作主语，不可用不定式短语作主
语：
①It is no use +动名词(v-ing)，表示“……没用”。[= It’s useless + 不定式（to do
sth ）. = It is of no use to do sth . = Ther is no use in ……(There is
之后要接表扬的
介词短语)]。例：It is no us e crying over spilt milk .[=It’s useless to crying over spilt milk.] Reasoning with such a stubborn man is no use.[= It is no use reasoning with
such a stubborn.]
●be used for / as / by 的用法：
①be used for表示“某物被用来做…”，for是介词，表示用途，后接名词、代词
或－ing形式。例：An orange is used for medicine . A pen is used for writing .
②be used as 表示“被用作……”，as作介词，表示作为。其后一般接名词，强调
使用的工具及手段。例：English is used as the second language in many countries .
③be used by表示“被……使用”，by是介词，后接动作的执行者（宾语）。例：English is used by travelers and business people all over the world .
Tractors are used by the farmers .
④use…for… 表示“用…来…for后接名词/动名词
⑤use…to…表示“用…做……to后接动词原形
⑥be useful for 表示“对……有用”
⑦be useful to do sth表示“做……有用”
[练习] 用be used as, be used to do, be used to doing , used to do填空。
①Camels _______ usually______ ________ carry goods in the desert.
②I believe that you will soon _______ _______ _________ the life there.
③We ________ __________ go swimming in the small river in summer.
④He _______ ______ get up late in the morning. Now he has got used to getting up
early.
⑤His umbrella ______ _______ _______ a weapon when he met a robber.
⑥I __________ __________ my present life now.
⑦Bamboo __________ ___________ ___________ make some things.
⑧She ________ _________ __________ taking a walk after supper.
⑨I ______ to be quite afraid to live in that country, but now I have _____ to the life
there.
A. used; been used
B. used; used
C. was used; got used
D. get used; been used
4. good (adj)好的(op) bad坏的● goodness善良
※辨析：be good for；be good to; be good at 的用法：
⑴be good for…接指物的名词。表示“对…有好处” (op) be bad for“
对……有坏”for good =for ever 永远/久地。例：Milk is good for children .
We decided to settle in the country side for good (=and all)
Drinking milk is good for your health. ⑵be good to = be friendly to …
接指人的名词或代词。表示“对…亲切”。
Our math teacher is good to us. We all like him.
⑶be good at = do well in …接名词、代词(宾格)或v-ing 形式。意为“擅长”“
在……方面做得好”。例：Little pat is good at dancing.
①Chocolate is goodyour health.A. at B. to C. with D. for
②---- I think drinking milk is goodour health. ---- Yes, I agreeyou.
A. for ; with
B. to ; to
C. with; to
D. at; with
5. borrow (vt) 借
［borrow/lend］这两个词的共同意思是“借”。其区别是：（1）borrow 是“借进”，表示“向
某人借”，常与from或of连用。lend是“借出”，
表示“借给某人”，常与连用to连用，如：
I borrow some money of him . 我向他借了一些钱。
Jane used to borrow money from her friends.简过去常向她的朋友借钱。
Jack borrows the raincoat of mine, and I lent him straightforward.杰克借我的雨衣，我很爽快
地借给了他。
When I needed the ladder, I found that you had lent it to your neighbour.我正需要用梯子的时
候，发现你已经借给了邻居。
（2）lend后面可以接双宾语，而borrow不能，如：Could you lend me your bike?你能把自行车借给我用一下吗？
※比较borrow, lend, keep和,return, have back 的用法:
（1）borrow 对主语来说，指：“借入”，常与from连用。作终止性动词。
I borrowed a book form the school library this afternoon.
（2）lend 对主语来说，指“借出”，常与to连用。作终止性动词。
I can lend my bike to you, but you mustn’t lend it to others.
（3）keep（延续性动词），表示所借的东西要保留一段时间。相当于leave.
— How long can I keep the book? — Two weeks.
（4）return 表示“归还（give/ go/come ）back，恢复”，后接副词，不与back连用，但可与介词to搭配，in return作为回报
（5）have back: 表示“要回来”。
6. bring (vt)带来;拿来
●bring down 使倒下；使下降；使沮丧
The storm brought all the trees down.
Their government could do nothing to bring down prices.
Even the bad news did not bring him down.
●bring in引进；引来；生产
This style of hair –do is brought in from abroad.
This land brought in two thousand pounds of grain last year.
●bring on 带来；引起
Dirt often brings on disease.Reading in a poor light may bring on a headache.
●bring out显示出来；出版；使表现清楚；使发挥
The meaning of that word is brought out very clearly in the next paragraph.
This kind of work brings out the best in her.
Sichuan people’s publishing House is going to bring out this Vocabulary and Phrase Handbook.
●bring up提出；培养；抚养
We decided to bring the matter up at the board meeting.
She was born in the United States but brought up in China.
●bring over使改变想法
We must bring the rest of the committee over to our point of view.
●bring to使苏醒
With the help of artificial respiration his mother soon brought the boy to.
●bring to light揭发；发现
His enemies brought to light some foolish things he had done while young, but he
was elected anyway because people trusted him.
The investigation brought to light a number of interesting facts.
●bring back to life 使复生
●比较[bring /fetch /carry /take]的用法：(1) bring 意为“拿”，是从别处拿来，表示
单程，有时译为“带来”，如：When you come next time bring your daughter whit you. (2）fetch 是“去取来”“去拿来”（=go and bring ）,表示一往一返，有时译为“取”，如：
I am going to fetch my child from the school .我要到到学校去接孩子。(3）carry是“搬，提，拿，扛，抱，背，带”的意思，如：He often help the old man carry water.
⑷take 是“拿走”“带走”的意思，是从此带去。如：Who has taken my pen ?
7. discover (vt)发现;看出;暴露;显示(op) cover (vt)覆盖discover oneself显露自己的身份
discovery (n) (u)发现;发觉; (c)发现的东西discoverer (n)发现者
[辨析]discover & invent的用法:
discover和invent都与“发明，发现”有关，但用法有所区别。
(1)discover指“发现或找到”常指通过调查，实验等发现某种自然界本来已存在，
但以前未被人类发现或认识的事物，如发现电，煤, 石油及新星，星系或科学真
理等，如：
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
A new coal-mine has been discovered in this district.这地区发现了一个新的煤矿。
The scientist discovered a number of new things about the matter of universe.
= The scientist made a lot of new discoveries about the matter of universe.
⑵discovery (n)[u]发现[c]发现物，指已存在的而刚刚为人所知的事物。如：
Does any of them show discoveries?
⑶invent指“发明创造”出自然界本来不存在的东西，指通过思考，实验和研究等
发明了新的有用的物品。此外，它还有“虚构，编造”的意思。如工具，方法，手段，汽车，电器，合成材料。如：Who invented the first steam engine?
Bell invented the telephone. 贝尔发明了电话。
Edison invents / invented the light bulb.爱迪生发明了灯泡。
⑷invention (n)“发明，发明物”，指原来不存在而被发明创造出来的新生事物。
动词为“invent”
，如：The new invention looks funny.
Gilbert _________ electricity and Edison ________ the electric light bulb.
A. invented; discovered
B. discovered; invented
C. invented; invented
D. discovered; discovered
The wheel is a great __________.
A. invention
B. discovery
C. inventor
D. discover
8. dress （n.）衣服；服装，连衣裙evening dress 晚礼服
（vt.）给……穿衣服（vi.）穿衣服，打扮
●dress sb./oneself 给某人/自己穿衣服
●be/get dressed in +（衣服或表颜色的词）表示“穿着……衣服”●dress + adv.（或表目的，场合的介词短语）dress up 打扮；盛装；装饰
●dress up as 扮成
● dress sb. down 训斥某人
[说明] ①dress 作名词指衣服时，主要指女士所穿的衣服；作及物动词用时，宾语必须是人而不是物；（dress 强调动作，be dressed 强调状态）②dress 打扮自己或打扮某人，与介词as 或like 连用，或用dress up as sb.或dress up for sth. Mother dressed the baby after she got everything ready.
Is she old enough to dress herself yet ？
Dressed in their holiday best ，the children were very excited.
“Wait a mimute ，”he said ，“She is dressing upstairs ！”
词语辨析：put on /have on/ be in /wear/dress 的用法：⑴put on 强调“穿的动作，多接衣服，鞋帽“等。He put on his raincoat before he went out. ⑵have on 强调“穿”的状态，后跟表示衣服，鞋帽的具体名词，也可跟代词
注意：该短语不可用于进行时态。She has on/ is in a red dress and white shoes today. ⑶wear 强调“穿着”的状态，后除跟“衣服，鞋帽”之类的名词外，还可跟“眼镜，戒指，项链，耳环，奖章，领带，手表，花”等名词，该词可用于进行时态，强调一时的状态。She often wears a white blouse and a red skirt.
⑷dress 作“穿”时，如果用及物动词，则其宾语只能是指人的名词或代词，即“给……穿上衣服”，不可以直接跟表示衣服的词，如果用不及物动词，则后边不能跟宾语，但可带状语，但be dressed in 后跟表示衣服的名词外，还可跟一个表
示颜色的词。
The boy dressed himself quickly. ⑸be in 强调状态，表示“穿戴”。She has on/ is in a red dress and white shoes today. 9. enjoy (vt)享受；喜欢enjoyable (adj)愉快的enjoyment (n)享受；欢乐；乐趣※be enjoyed by 被…喜爱●辨析[enjoy / like /love / prefer]的用法：
enjoy, like, love 和prefer 都可表达“喜
欢”的意思，但含义和用法有所不同。（1）enjoy 在意思上侧重于“享受某种乐趣”，
后接名词或动名词作宾语，如：The man is enjoying his dinner. 那个男人正津津有
味的吃饭。
My father enjoys listening to the radio. Did the children enjoy themselves in the park?
My father enjoys listening to the radio. （2）like 意为“喜欢，喜爱”，是一般用语，主要是指对某人或某物产生好感后发
生兴趣，不带有感情色彩，后面可接名词，代词，动名词动词不定式作宾语，如：
Everyone in China likes Mid-Autumn Day.
He likes his students to work hard.
You like singing, is that right?
（3）love 表示“爱，热爱，爱戴”，有强烈的感情，相当于like …… very much ，
侧重于对祖国及较亲近的人的浓厚感情。在口语中它往往又指一般的喜爱，这时与like 的意思很相近可以互换。后面也可以接名词，动名词或动词不定式，如：
We love our motherland.They love playing /to play basketball.
（4）like 和love 都可与would ，should 连用表示“愿意作某事”，如：
I ’d like /love to go whit you. 我愿意和你们一起去。（5）prefer 意为“（比较）喜欢，宁愿”，相当like …… better,它的“喜欢”是带有
选择性的，是在比较的情况下选择出来的，
其后接名词，代词，动名词或不定式，
如：
I prefer going by bike. 我宁愿骑车去。He prefer to work alone. 他喜欢独自工作。（6）prefer 常用于prefer …to …结构中，意为“喜欢……而不喜欢…，宁愿…而不愿……“，其中to 是介词，prefer 与to 后接名词或动名词，如：I prefer foreign languages to Maths. 外语和数学相比，我更喜欢外语。He prefers doing to talking. 他喜欢做而不喜欢说。
10．repair (vt&n) ①修理（电器）；修补（道路、钟表）；修缮（房屋）
②纠正（错误）；补救；赔偿；补偿；恢复
●repair a mistake ● repair one
’s health
● a ship under repair ● a repair workshop ●be in bad repair (= be out of repair) ● beyond (= past ) repair
●He repaired his house.
He repaired the loss.
●The shop is closed during repairs. ● 辨析“fix , repair & mend ”
的用法：①fix 表示修理、组装，指把损坏的或不能正常工作的东西修复到正常状态或工
作程序中，有时可以与
repair 互接，一般不用于修补衣物等。如：
My elder brother often helps others fix computer. ②repair 指修理构造较复杂的或再次完整，常用于修理建筑，机器，车辆等。如：
I ’m going to have my watch repaired this Sunday.
③mend 指修补被打破，坏了的物体或衣服及破损的常用工具，使之可再用，常用于修补衣服、鞋、袜等小东西，偶尔也可用于修理门窗、道路等之类。
如：The
workmen are mending the road.
11．find (vt) 发现（偶然）；找到（指结果）通常表示无意找而发现。（可接复数宾语）
①find +宾语+宾补（adj/n/adv/v-ing/p.p/prep等）表示“发现……是……”
We found it an intetesting story. I find it difficult to believe you.
②find oneself doing sth/in （不知不觉地）发现自己在做……；处于……；如果find的宾语为不定式，则用it作形式宾语，真正不定式宾语放在宾补后面。
[比较] discover &find &look for表示“找到；发现”的用法：
①find指寻找的结果，即“找到”，是非延续性动词，如：Where did you find it ?
②find out发现；查出；打听。（不可接复数宾语）（通常指通过观察，探索而发
现事实的真相，因此多指无形，隐秘的事情。）指经过观察、调查把某事、某物
查出来、搞清楚、弄清楚、弄明白，多用于复杂而不易直接查出的情况，后接名
词(truth, news, facts, secret)和宾语从句。如：The manager had found him out and was going to sack him. 经理发觉了他的不轨行为，打算炒他的鱿鱼。
③discover指根据科学仪器来发现客观事物的存在，科学上的发展。强调新的发现或科学的发现。
④search （作及物动词）表示“查询，搜索”。即：search + 地点+ for sth /sb （宾语为地点）
⑤in secret 秘密地;暗中
Who invented the computer? How old are you? It’s a
secret.(秘密)。
⑥look for作“寻找”解时，指寻找某人或某事物的过程。是延续性动词，（指过程）强调找的动作。如：I shall look for a place for a place for you to stay in town .
We have found the book you want.We will find out the truth soon.
Please find out when the meeting will be held.
[用find/look for/ discover/ find out的正确形式填空]
①He is the right person we are .
②Who do you think electricity?
③Can you what time the meeting starts?
④We have a great new restaurant near the office.
12. injure (vt)使受伤，伤害；损害名誉；伤害感情injured (adj)受伤的；受委屈的[辨析] injure ; wound; damage; destroy; harm和hurt的用法：
①injury (n)? 伤；伤口；伤害（主要指在事故中受伤。其名词是injury，可指平时的大小创伤或伤害，还可指事故中的伤害）一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，精
神上的伤害多用（hurt）。[例句]The boy injured his leg. Smoking will injure your health.
He was slightly injured in the accident.
②wound （vt）外伤。指在战争，暴力或灾害中受伤，也可指精神上的创伤。
其名词是wound 指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。He got wounded in the battle.
③damage (vt)指伤害人或物而使之失去价值，功能或正常的外观，该词也可作名词，多用于自然灾害中的损害。
④destroy (vt)指具体的或抽象的事物受到的彻底损害而很难恢复，故常用指“破坏，损坏；毁坏；推毁”。
⑤harm (vt)对……有害/损害。特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，
并使之产生痛苦、损害或某种不幸遭遇。其名词为harm只能作不可数名词“损害、伤害”。
Too much work did great harm to him, so he is still in poor health.
⑥hurt (vt)受伤(vi)疼痛，引起痛苦。既可以指肉体上的，也可以指精神上或感
情上的伤害、肉体上的伤痛。Does your leg still hurt? His words hurt my feelings. (用wound/ damage/ destroy/ harm/ hurt/ injure的适当形式填空)
①She felt ______ at your words.
②Do not ______ your eyes by reading in dim light.
③The bullet _______ him in the shoulder.
④The bus was badly ______ when it hit the wall.
⑤The building was ________ in the earthquake.
⑥He was _______ in the accident.
13.marry (vi)结婚；嫁或娶(vt)娶某人，嫁给某人，把某人嫁给……；为……证婚
● marrying (adj)想结婚的●married (adj)已结婚的●marriage (n)婚姻；结婚
● get married to sb & be married to sb不能与with连用。
● marry用法：①get married = marry 表示短暂的动作，不能与how long及for, since引导的时间状语连用。但可与具体的时间连用。②be married结婚，常用于婚姻状况。表示状态，可与for + 一段时间，since短语或状语从句连用。③married 表示状态，在表示“与某人结婚时”，不可用“marry with”
，而要用“marry sb”
。They got married last year.They have be married for three years.
Tom married Rose on January 1, 1994.She married her daughter to a wealthy man.
She didn’t marry until she was in her thirties.
It is said that they have been married for twenty years.
Zhang ling and Lili are both doctors and they _______ for ten years.
A. have married
B. have got married
C. have been married C. have married to
14. hear
【比较】hear ; hear from; hear of ; hear about; hear out 的用法：⑴hear 不与to 连用。表示听的动作全过程；意为“听的结果”。但listen与to连用；表示听的动作。
⑵hear from 收到某人来信，相当于write to sb 。（常用于一般时态）如：
Have you heard from Mrs Scobie? You’ll hear fr om you father when he gets home.
⑶hear of 听到（人或事），指间接听到，听说接名词/动名词。如接从句时，不
要用of ；常用于疑问句和否定句中。出于善意拒绝不允许某事。但：listen to听着（人或事），指直接听到，后接名词/动名词。如：I have never hear of such things.
I heard of(about) it long ago.
⑷hear about 听说How did you hear about(of) our product?
⑸hear out 听完某人的话
15. dream (vt)
【比较】dream of / about 后接名词（代词、动名词）。意思为“梦见、梦想”。
▲ dream of 常与表否定意义的词few；little；never；hardly; seldom; no；not等连用，表示“想不到”。
16. make（vt）
make的用法：①主要指（通过劳动）“做；制造；建造；创造；制定；获得；赢得”。后面常接名词作宾语，不接代词，不定式，从句。注意：make 解“做；作”时，可带双宾语..例句：In China the People’s Congress
makes laws. 在中国由全国人民代表大会制订法律。Can you make me a new coat?(=Can you make a new coat for me?
He is going to make us a report.(=He is going to make a report to us.)
②make 解“使得；使成为；使变得”时，后面常接名词、形容词、过去分词或（不带to）的不定式做其宾语。但在被动语态中，不定式符号“to”
必须加在动词原形前。例句：Miss White will make you a good assistant. I was made to report the story.
③make 作不及物动词时，意思为“开始，似乎要；”后常接不定式。
He made to leave while we were talking. He made to reply and stopped.
④“make + 名词”（常表示与该名词同义的动词）；如：make a promise (=promise)允诺；诺言
●make a progress(=progress)进步；Her students made considerable progress in English.
●make a decision(=decide) 决定；They made an important decision on the matter.
⑤有关make常用词组：
●make a mistake (=mistake sth for sb/by mistakes)失误；常与介词in连用。如：
You made a mistake in trusting him too much. I mistook the spelling for them.
●make out 意思为“（企图）证明”“理解，辨认出”后接以等引导的从句。如：
He made out that he had been badly treated. I can’t make out what he wants.
●make friends with sb/sth （= be friends with…
）与…交朋友
He refused to make friends with the local people.
●make money 赚钱I am not doing this to make money.
●make oneself at home 随便
We were asked to make ourselves at home during the brief absence of our hostess.
●make up 编造；配制；组成；弥补
She made up a story about how she got the money by honest work.
●make up one’s mind 下定决心He has made up his mind to go to Mexico for his vacation. ●make u se of 利用One who makes good use of his time will be successful.
●make sure(=make certain)确信；无疑；弄清I made sure he would be here.
●make a contribution to sth/doing sth 为……做贡献，to 为介词
●make a list of 表示“列……表”
●make a noise 弄出声音；发出声音The engine is making funny noises.
⑥【比较】：be made of ; be made from ; be made in ; be made by 和be made for 的用法：
⑴be made of 表示“由···制成”；主语是制成品，仍可看出原材料是什么; 但be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，在成品中已无法辨
认，相当于be made out of，如：Cloth is made of cotton wool, silk and other materials.
Gas is made from coal. Wine can be made from grapes.
⑵be made in :表示某物在某地生产或制造，in后面接生产地点。Oil is made in China.
⑶be made by 表示“由谁制造”，by 后面接动作的执行者。
⑷be made for 表示“为···而造”。
⑸be make into 用……原料做成
Barley (大麦) is made into beer. Wool is first made into yarn.
17．promise （作及物动词）表示“承诺”时；后可接间接宾语和直接宾语，表示“答应某人做某事”。promise sb not to do sth表示“答应某人不做”The p resident made the promise that he would enable more people to find jobs.
18. come
come 后接形容词、副词、介词短语。表示“出现”“被供应；生产出售”．
Shoes come in many shapes and sizes. The cars come with radio and Tv set.
19. speak
辨析：speak, talk, say 和tell 表不同的“说”。
⑴say 说；讲。（着重讲话的内容，指以口头或书面语言表达自己的想法，常用
作及物
动词。宾语是话语，而非人say sth in +(languages)；可以是代词或从句，也可用
于直接引
语或间接引语）。但学语的婴儿只能用speak或talk ，但不能用say. 当主语的动词是says
(一般现在时态)，宾语从句中的动词可以根据实际情况用不同的时态。其引导词
为that ；
如果是由疑问词引导含有疑问的宾语从句，前面的动词常为ask, wonder等词。
⑵speak 说话；讲演。（着重开口发言，说话的动作，不着重说话的内容。一般
用作不
及物动词；在用作及物动词时，宾语只能是语言及truth等少数几个名词，后不
能跟宾
语从句）。● speak about / of……
谈到…… ● speak on sth 谈某方面的问题
● speak ill of sb 说某人的坏话。● speak/think highly of 是固定结构表示“高度称赞”。⑶talk 谈话。（指跟少数人“随意地说”，“快活地说”，“不着重所说的内容；一般
只用
作不及物动词；用作及物动词时，宾语只能是语言等少数几个词，后不能跟宾语
连句；
但有较强的对话，讨论意味。可与介词to, with 和about 连用）。
● talk to sb 责备某人/与…说话● talk with sb 与某人讨论/交谈
● talk about sb / sth谈论/议论某人/某物● talk of sb/ sth 谈到某人/某事物。
⑷tell 告诉，讲述。（多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人或指较连续地述说，有时含有
嘱
咐或命令之意。常用于讲故事（story）,真话（the truth ）,谎话（a lie, lies）等。可跟双
宾语或宾语补主语）。但tell与can/ could/ be able to 等表示能力的情态动词连用时，
强
调辨别的能力，常用于tell sb. from sth 结构。也可跟宾语从句。意思为“判断、识别、区别”。tell sb to do sth 叫某人作某事tell sb not to do sth 叫某人不作某事。如：
Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?
20. pay 付钱
[拓展]用英语表达“花费（时间，金钱）”的方法：
人+ 钱款：表示“付钱给某人”
⑴pay + 人+ 钱款+ for+某物：表示“付钱给某人买某物”
for + 某物：表示“付款”买某物。
钱款+for+某物：表示“付款”买某物。
⑵pay off 表示“还清债务”；“指冒险的计划或行动成功；达到目的”
⑶pay sb. back sth 表示“（向某人）还钱”
⑷物作主语+ cost（不用被动结构）+ sb +时间（抽象名词）/金钱。
⑸人作主语+ spend + 时间/金钱+ （in）doing sth & on sth.
⑹It takes + sb + 时间+ to do sth 表示干某事花费某人多长时间
⑺Sth（活动）takes + sb +时间/金钱。
备注：spend / pay/ take 表示“金钱”时，可用how much.提问。
spend / pay/ take 表示“时间”时，可用how long .提问。e.g:
①The policemen ________two days on the traffic accident.
②The man ________ 200 Yuan _______ the shirt.
③I two hours () finishing the housework.
④______________only ______________________ finish reading the text.
⑤_________me500 Yuan________ buy the sweater.
⑥This book ____________ me 40 Yuan.
⑦Doing the dishes __________me at least one hour.
⑧The boy 29 Yuanthe dictionary.
⑨Finishing the work ____________ us much time and labour.
⑩The visit to the town will me two hours.
⑻It is +时间+since…表示干某事已经费了多长时间了。
since 引导的从句一般用过去时(或过去的一段时间)，主句用现在完成时。
I have lived here since I was 3 years old.
⑼It’s time to do sth.= It’s time for sth. “
该……了，是……什么时候了”。
e.g: It’s time for
lunch.= It’s time to
have lunch.
21. borrow (op) lend (vt)
[拓展] 终止性动词在现在完成时态中不可与表示时间的介词“for /about/since + 一段时
间”短语连用。但“in /within+ 一段时间”；表示“在……之后/期间”，用于将来时态中，
可与终止性动词，如：become；turn；leave, come, go, start, begin, arrive, reach, move, sail
等连用。在时间或条件状语从句中一般不用将来时态，而要用一般现在时代替一般将来
时，一般过去时，代替过去将来时，现在完成时代替将来完成时。即：常用一般现在时
或进行时来表示“将来时态”；另有条件状语从句的复合句，主句为一般将来时，则从句
用一般现在时。
22．enjoy (vt)
[拓展] 一些动词只能接名词，代词和动名词作宾语；不能接不定式的有：miss 失去；mind介意；enjoy喜欢；finish/complete完成；avoid避免；practice实践；excuse原谅；escape逃跑；keep保持; require 需要suggest 建议can’t help…
禁不住imagine 想像consider 考虑be fond of 喜欢做…… 等。如：
He practises the piano every day.= He practices playing the piano every day.
Would you mind my closing the door? I imagine their coming quickly. 23．prefer (vt)宁愿；喜欢
[拓展] 部分动词接动名词和不定式所表达的意义不同：【宾语是表示行为的动词
或动名词及普通名词、代词】。⑴意义相同：like /love ;prefer (2) 意义不大相同，甚至完全相反。不定式表示目的、结果、原因、具体、一次性、将发生。但动名
词表达的是状态、性质、心境、抽象、经常性、已发生。如like & love; prefer; forget; remember; stop; want; need; go on; allow; permit; learn; begin/start; mean; thank you
to do sth; thank you for sth. be afraid to do ; be afraid of sth; regret ; hate; try; manage; encourage; advise; forbid 等等。e.g:
to do sth. 打算做…… to do sth. 尽力做……mean try
doing sth.意味做…… doing sth. 试试做……
to do sth 忘记去做某事to do sth 后悔未做……
forget regret
doing sth 忘记做过某事doing sth 做过后悔……
to do sth 想要做… to do sth (主动语态意义)，
want need（vt）require 需要做…
doing sth （含有被动意义）想做…… doing sth （含有被动意义）
feel like doing sth 想要做…need 可作情态动词，表示“需要”
注意：用doing的主动形式表达被动含义，而用不定式时，须采用不定式的被动
形式。
例如：形容词：worth 和busy 的用法：
worth doing sth 值得做（主动形式表达被动含义）
①be worthy to be done 值得做（不定式被动式）
worthy of being done值得做（动名词被动式）
②be busy doing sth 忙于作某事● be busy with /at(in)/about sth 忙于某事
中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结 (88条) ◆1 。 cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事： It takes sb some time to do sth 。= sb spend some time doing sth 。= sb spend some time on sth 。 某人花钱买某物： sb spend some money on sth 。 = sb pay some money for sth 。 = sth cost sb 。 some money 。 ※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。 ※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ？ The sweater ________ me 90 yuan 。 = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater 。=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater 。 He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone 。 It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day 。= He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day 。 ◆2 。 thanks for为…而感谢 ⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party 。 thanks to 多亏/于 第 1 页共 1 页 ⑵______ your help 。I got good grades 。
初中英语重点词汇短语 词汇章节--1 1. look at 看 2. look like 看起来象 3. look the same 看起来一样 4. have a look 看一看 5. the same as 与。。。。一样 6. at the same time 同时 7. all the same 仍然 8. e out of 从。。。。。中出来 9. e on 快点,赶快 10. e out 出来 11. would like to 想要做。。。。 12. find out 找到。。。。。。 13. look for 寻找 14. help sb. with 帮助某人做某事 15. with the help of 在。。。。。的帮助下 16. it’s time for 该是干。。。。。的时候了 17. give back 归还, 恢复, 后退, 反射(声、光等) 18. give up 放弃(念头、希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输, 把...送交 19. put on 穿上, 把...放在上, 装出, 假装, 增加, 欺骗, 添上, 使靠...维持生命 20 put up 举起, 抬起, 进行, 提供, 表现出, 建造, 提名, 推举 词汇章节– 2 21. put down 放下 22. put away 放好, 储存...备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃 23. put off 推迟, 拖延, 搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻 24. ___ sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事 25. be pleased with 对。。。。。。高兴 26. what about/how
I. 单词 （凡带* 号的单词只要求理解,带△号的单词不要求记住,不带任何符号的单词均为大纲要求的词。） ability [K bIlKtI] n.能力8A – 1 about [K'baUt] prep.关于7S – 8 adv.大约7S – 10 above [K bOv] prep.在……的上方7B – 1 △absorb [Kb'sMb] vt.吸收9B – 2 accident [GksIdKnt] n.事故,意外的事8A – 6 *ache [eIk] n.痛;疼7A – 5 achieve [K Qi:v] vt.获得9A – 3 △achievement [K Qi:vmKnt] n.成就;成绩;成功9A – 5 across [K krJs] prep.穿过……7B – 3 act [Gkt] vi.表演7B – 5 action [GkBn] n.行动8A – 4 active [GktIv] adj.积极的9A – 1 activity [Gk'tIvKtI] n.活动8A – 1 actor [GktK] n.男演员8B – 4 actress [GktrKs] n.女演员9A – 5 actually [GkQUKlI] adv.实际上8B – 1 add [Gd] vt.补充说;增加9A – 6 address [K'dres] n.地址5A – 6B △adjective [GPIktIv] n.形容词8B – 2 admire [Kd maIK(r)] vt.钦佩,羡慕8A – 2 *adult [GdOlt; K dOlt] n.成人,成年人7A – 2 *advantage [Kd'vCntIP] n.优势,优点,有利条件9B – 1 △adverb [GdvD:b] n.副词8A – 5 *advertise [GdvKtaIz] vt. & vi.做广告,登广告8B – 4 advertisement [Kd vD:tIsmKnt] n.广告8A – 1 advice [Kd vaIs] n.建议;忠告,劝告8A – 1 advise [Kd vaIz] vt.建议,劝告8A – 6 affect [K fekt] vt.影响8B – 5 afraid [K freId] adj.担心,恐怕;害怕7B – 1 after [CftK(r)] prep.在……之后7S – 10 △after-school [CftKsku:l]adj.课外的7A – 2 afterwards [CftKwKdz] adv.后来,以后7A – 6 again [K'en; K'eIn] adv.又,再次7S – 4 △agency [eIPKnsI] n.代理机构8B – 4 △agent [eIPKnt] n.代理人8B – 2
一. 冠词(3个) 1. a 一个(件/只……) 2. an 一个(件/只……) 3. the 这;这个;那;那个 二. 连词(24个) 1. after 在……以后 2. and 和;又 3. as 像……一样;如同;因为 4. because 因为 5. before 在……之前 6. but 但是 7. if 如果;假使;是否;是不是 8. neither 也不 9. nor 也不 10. or 或者;还是;否则 11. since 从……以来;……以后 12. that 既然,由于(引导宾语从句等) 13. though 虽然 14. till 直到;直到……为止 15. until 直到;直到……为止 16. when 当……的时候
17. whether 是否 18. while 在/当……的时候;和……同时 19. than 比 20. so 因此;所以 21. both…and…两个都;既……又…… 22. not only…but also…不但……而且…… 23. either…or…或者……或者……;不是……就是…… 24. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 三. 介词(37个) 1. about 在各处;四处;关于 2. after 在……之后;在……后面 3. along 沿着;顺着 4. as 作为;当作 5. among 在……中间;在(三者或三者以上)之间 6. at (表示地点/位置)在;(表示时间)在……时(刻);(表示动作的目标和方向) 7. before 在……前面;在……以前 8. behind 在……后面 9. below 在……下面 10. beside 在……旁边;靠近 11. between 在(两者) 之间;在……中间
重点单词的用法 1.help v. / n. ---- adj.helpful 1)v. Help sb. (to) do sth. = help sb. with sth. 2)Thanks for your _________. Thanks for _________ me. Can you help me ______ my English? Here is a dictionary. It’s ________ for you to learn English. 2.want v. = would like 1)want to do sth. 2) Want sb. To do sth. 3) Want sth. 3.like v. / n. / prep.----- dislike 1)v. like sb. / sth. like to do sth. = like doing sth. 2)n. Likes and dislikes 3)prep. be like sound like, look like What’s the weather like? What do you look like? 4.enjoy v. enjoy doing sth. finish doing sth. have fun = have a good time doing sth. practice doing sth. spend time / money doing sth. 5.watch / hear / see / find / feel sb. doing sth. watch monkeys climbing around see a snake sleeping near the fire feel things moving 6.go camping / shopping / skating / swimming / boating / go to the movie = go to the cinema go to the countryside go the museum go to the supermarket go to the beach go to school go to work go to bed go to sleep go home 7.put on put up cut up cut down wake up pick up blow out 属于动词和副词构成的短语，要求宾语是_________词时，必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则位置可__________, 可__________. 1) Here are two apples. Please _______. A. cut it up B. cut them up C. cut up them 2) Every morning, my mother _____. A. wakes me up B. wakes up me C. woke me up 8.show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. Teach sb. Sth. = teach sth. To sb. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. For sb. make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 9.make 1) V. 制作，做make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. make dinner be made of 2）v. 使，让make sb. do sth. make sb. + adj. keep sb. / sth. +adj 3) make friends with sb. Make soup make the bed make a wish
初中英语重点词汇部分 A 1.able adj.有能力的;能干的 eg. His mother is an able housewife. 2.about prep.关于;对于adv.大约adv.到处（=around) eg. It’s about/around six o’clock now. I like to walk about/around after supper. 3.above prep.在……之上;上文 eg. Read the passage above/ below (上面的/下面的） 4.accept v.接受 eg. I didn’t accept his gift. 5.address n.地址；v.向……演讲/说话，称呼eg. He will address the meeting. Excuse me, how can I address you? 请问您尊姓大名？ 6.afford v.负担得起(……的费用)，抽得出(时间);提供eg. They walked because they couldn’t afford a taxi. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. Television affords pleasure to many people. 7.against prep.与……对抗；对着;prep.抵着，靠着;反对;(与动词连用)表碰撞 eg，Put the ladder against the wall. Fight against SARS 抗击非典He hit his head against the wall. The rain was beating against the window. 8.age &年龄，（复数)极长的时间，很久eg. I waited for ages.我等了很久了。 It took us ages to find a place to park.我们找了半天才找到个停车的地方。 9.agree v.同意;赞成 eg. I can’t agree more.我完全同意。 sth. agree with sb.(用于否定句，疑问句）（对某人的健康或胃口)适合eg. The hot Sichuan food doesn’t agree with me.辣的四川食品对我不适合。agree to 同意 eg. Is she going to agree to our suggestion? 10.air n.天空;空气v.使通风，晾干 eg. The room is so stuffy(气闷的)，we have to air the room, in the air = uncertain 不定的eg. My plan is still in the air. 11.alike adj.相似的;相像的adv.以同样方式地eg. They look alike. They treat their children alike. 12.all adj. & pron.全(部)，所有的，总;全部，全体人员eg. He spent all his money. I invited my five sisters but not all can come. 13.allow v.允许，准许 eg. My boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone. 14.alone adj.& adv.独自；单独（的)地 eg. Please leave me alone.请别打扰/ 别管我。 15.another adj. & pron.再一，另一，别的;另一个eg. Would you like another cup of tea? I don’t like this pen. Please give me another. 16.answer n & v.回答，回信，答案；回答，回复eg. I rang the bell but there was no answer. Please answer me a letter as soon as possible. 17.anxious adj.忧虑的;焦虑的;不安的 eg. Helen is anxious about travelling on her own. 18.appear v.出现;露面;似乎，显得，好像eg. He appears (to be) very sad today. You don’t want to appear a fool. It appears/seems that he likes it very much. 19.apple n.苹果 eg. the apple of one’s eye(喻)极珍爱的人/物;掌上明珠 20.appreciate v.感激 eg. I appreciated his help when we moved. 21 arrive v.到达，达到 eg. Give me a call to let me know when you’ve arrived. 22.ask v.问，询问;请求 eg. Ask him about the book you losthe may have found it. ask for要求(得到） eg. Did you ask your boss for a pay increase? 23.asleep adj.& adv.睡着的(地），熟睡的(地）eg. Don’t wake him up—he，s asleep. 24.attack v.& n.攻击，袭击;(疾病)发作，侵袭eg. a heart attack 心脏病发作an attack of fever 发烧 25.attract v.吸引(人）;引起……的注意或兴趣eg. Bright colors attract people easily, attractive adj.有吸引力的 B 1.bear n.熊v.容忍，忍受（=stand) eg. I can’t bear you/ the pain.
... 第一册1----833 361 glove n 手套 11 row n (一)排,(一)行373 midnight n 午夜 26 grade n 年级379 break n (课间)休息,中断 33 plus prep 加,加上391 Tokyo n 东京 41 thirteen num 十三398 doll n 玩具娃娃 42 fourteen num 十四399 else adv & adj 别(的),其他(的) 43 fifteen num 十五408 term n 学期 49 secret n 秘密417 draw v 画;绘制 62 sharpener n 卷笔刀422 leg n 腿 63 eraser n 橡皮擦459 sock n 短袜 66 map n 地图462 broken adj 弄坏了的 126 parrot n 鹦鹉468 goodness n 善良;美德 141 tree n 树471 mend v 修补;修理 163 duty n 职责,责任473 robot n 机器人 164 on duty phr. 值日474 body n 身体 174 look the same phr. 看起来很像475 broke v (动词break 的过去时)折断;打183 look after phr. 照顾,照看 破 196 classmate n 同班同学478 round adj 球形的;圆的 221 forgot v (forget 的过去时)忘记496 porridge n 粥;稀饭 247 seat n 座位498 dumpling n 饺子 248 have a seat 坐下,就坐499 fruit n 水果 254 guess v 猜502 hamburger n 汉堡包 257 ball n 球503 noodle n 面条 274 broom n 扫帚519 ouch interj (突然感到病痛时发出的 声音) 啊呀275 window n 窗 276 raincoat n 雨衣525 yo-yo n 溜溜球(一种玩具) 280 Hong Kong n 香港527 throw v 投,掷 281 Macao n 澳门531 skate v 滑冰,溜冰 282 SAR n 特别行政区534 volleyball n 排球 286 many adj 许多的,多的541 postal adj 邮政的 295 Let me see. 让我想想542 code n 密码,符号 296 fifty num 五十543 ski v 滑雪 301 playhouse n 儿童游戏房544 tennis n 网球(运动) 306 great adv (口语)好极了,很好545 table tennis n 乒乓球 309 ping-pong n 乒乓球546 roller-skating n 滑旱冰 311 kite n 风筝548fan n (口语)(电影,运动等的)迷 313 pioneer n 先锋550 team n 队,组 314 Young Pioneer n 少先队员566 talk photos phr. 照象 321 count v 数,点数570 toy n 玩具;玩物 326 animal n 动物571 lake n 湖 329 sheep n 绵羊589 dictionary n 字典;词典 330 come on phr 来吧,跟着来,赶快595 give...a hand phr. 给予.....帮助 337 purple adj & n 紫色(的) 598 after class phr. 课后 341 sweater n 毛衣,厚运动衫603 have a(good)rest phr. 休息 354 dark adj 深(浓)色的,黑暗的604 maths n (英式拼法)数学
中考英语重点单词大全 A 动词：accept 接受 achieve 实现 advise 建议 afford 支付得起 answer 回答 appear 出现 add 添加 act 行动 allow 允许 agree 同意 arrive到达 ask 问 appreciate 欣赏 argue争论 名词：advice建议 activity 活动 address 地址 age 年龄 air空气 attention注意 accident事故 形容词：able能够的 awful可怕的 active活跃度 afraid恐惧的 alive活着的 amazing 令人惊异的 angry 生气的 asleep睡着的 anxious 焦虑的 actually实际的 alike 相同的 alone 孤独的 代词：any 任何的 anybody 任何人 anymore 不再 anyone 任何人 anything任何事 anytime 任何时间 anywhere任何地方B 动词：beat打败 begin开始 believe相信 borrow 借来 bring 带来 break 打破 build 建筑burn 燃烧 buy 买bother 打扰 名词: bank 银行 breakfast早餐 bread 面包 business 商业 形容词：beautiful美丽的 blind 盲的 boring无聊的 born 天生的 bright 明亮的 brave勇敢的 busy 忙的 C 动词：care 关心，在乎 call打电话 carry扛 catch 抓住 cause 导致 celebrate庆祝 change改变 chat 聊天 check 检查 choose 选择 clean 打扫 clear清除 climb攀爬 close 关 come 来collect收集 communicate 交流 compare比较consider考虑 continue 继续control 控制connect 连接 cook煮 copy 复制 cost 花费 count 有价值，数 cover覆盖cry 哭 create 创造 cross 横过 cut切 名词: capital首都 cancer癌症 care小心 century世纪 chance机会 child 小孩 children小孩（复） choice选择city 城市 clothes 衣服 cloud云朵 collection收集 college大学 communication 交流 competition 比赛 contest比赛conversation对白 corner 拐角 country国家 countryside乡村 courage勇气 culture文化 course 课程 custom 风俗 形容词：careful小心点 careless 粗心的 certain确定的 cheap 便宜的 clean干净的 clear 干净的 clever聪明的close 关着的 cloudy 多运动 colorful 多彩的 comfortable舒服的 common 共同的 confident 自信的 confusing令人困惑的 convenient 方便的 correct 正确的 crazy懒惰的 creative 有创造性的 crowded 拥挤的 cruel 残酷的 cute 可爱的 D 动词：dare敢于 deal处理 decide 决定 depend 依靠 describe描述 design设计 destroy 毁坏 develop发展 die 死亡 discover 发现 discuss 讨论 disturb打搅 divide分开 donate风险 draw画 dream梦想 drink喝 drop掉落 名词: danger危险 date 日期 daughter 女儿 death死亡 decision决定 development发展 dictionary 字典 difference差异 discussion 讨论 disease疾病 形容词：dangerous危险的 dark 黑的，暗的 dead 死亡的 deaf 聋的 deep 深的 delicious美味的 different不同的 difficult
Important sentences(重点句子) 1. How do you study for a test 你怎样准备考试▲study for a test prepare for a test 准备考试—What were you doing when I called last night 一I was studying for the math test．一昨天晚上我打电话时你在干什么一我在准备数学测验。2. I study for an English test by listening to cassettes. 我听录音准备英语测验。▲by 靠，用(方法，手段等)，后接动名词(doing…) He makes a living by repairing bikes．他靠修车为生。▲listen vi．后加to再接名词。My sister was listening to music when I got home．当我到家时，姐姐正在听音乐。Listen! Someone is knocking at the door．听!有人在敲门。3．He studies by asking the teacher for help．他靠求助于老师来学习。▲ask sb for help求助于某人—You can ask me for help if you have trouble．—Thank you．1 will．—如果你有麻烦，你可以求助于我。一谢谢。我会的。4．Do you ever practice conversations with friends 你曾经和朋友练习过会话吗▲ever adv. 用于疑问句和否定旬中，“曾经” Do you ever worry that you’11 fail a test 你担心考试会不及格吗▲practice vt．＝practice 练习▲在美国英语中practice既可作名词又作动词；但在英国英语中practice为名词；practise为动词。5. What about listening to cassettes 听录音怎么样▲what about + n.／pron／doing ＝how about + n ／pron／doing。例如：What／How about going to the movies tonight 今晚去看电影怎么样 6. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation 靠朗读来练习发音怎么样read aloud 朗读Reading aloud is very helpful in leaning English．朗读在学英语中很有帮助。7．I’ve learned a lot that way．我那样学到了很多。▲a lot 代表一个不可数名词。例如：Though he is young，he knows a lot．他虽然很小，但他知道很多。▲that way相当于一个副词，way 用于which，this，that之后，构成短语，“那样”。如：Don’t talk to your parents that way．别那样和父母说话。8．It improves my speaking skills．它能提高我的口语技巧。▲Improve vt. 改进，改善，提高His work is improving slowly．他的工作在慢慢改进。Her pronunciation has greatly improved．他的发音大大提高了。▲speaking skill 口语技巧listening skill 听力技巧writing skill 写作技巧reading skill 阅读技巧9. It’s too hard to understand to voices．听懂不同的声音很困难。▲too + adj.／adv. + to do “太……而不能……”。又如：He is too young to go to school．他太小，不能上学。She runs too slow to catch up with me．她跑得太慢追不上我。10．This week we asked students at New Star High School about the best ways to learn more
●few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系： few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有； a few表示有肯定意思，有几个。例如： He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。例如： There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？ [问] 1. My father has many books, but he has_____ English books. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few Answer 2. The twins can speak only ___ French. A. a few B. few C. little D. a little Answer [析] 1. few 与little 作形容词用，都表示“几乎没有”，相当于一个否定词。具体区别： (1) few 后面跟复数可数名词。 e.g. few books few students (2) little 后面跟单数不可数名词。 e.g. little water little food e.g. He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 They has little money. 他们没有什麽钱 2. a few 与 a little 都表示肯定的意思，指“有一点，有一些”。具体区别： (1) a few 后加可数名词复数 （2）a little 后加不可数名词单数。 e.g. I'm going to buy a few bananas. I can speak only a little Chinese. 3. a little 与little 也可以用作副词，表示“有点”“稍稍” 表示“很少” e.g. ----Can you speak English? ----Yes, but only a little. This book is a little more difficult than that one. （可修饰形容词比较级） She slept little last night. 昨天晚上，她没有怎么睡觉。 ●very与much very与much表示“很”，“非常”。 不能用very来作修饰词,只能用much来作修饰词 very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级; much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用much或very much. She said she was much better than before. 她说她比过去好多了。 I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。
初中英语必备词汇汇总 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】
初中英语必备词汇汇总1. put down 放下 shut down 把…关上 cut down 砍掉 come down 下来、落下 slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down 坐下 write down 写下 get down 下来,降落 2. after all 毕竟.终究 after that 于是.然后 day after day 日复一日地 one after another 相继.挨次 soon after 不久以后 the day after tomorrow 后天 3. come up with 找到、提出catch up with 赶上 wake up 弄醒、醒来 send up 发射 open up 开设、开办 grow up 长大 pick up 拾起、捡起 hands up 举手 eat up 吃光 clean up 打扫干净 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth. 放弃做某事 4. arrive at/in + n. 到达 get to +n. 到达 reach + n. 到达 arrive / get +adv. 到达 5. get…back 退还,送回去.取回 give back 归还 come back 回来 at the back of 在…的后面 on the way (back)home 在回家路上 6. at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐时 at desk 在桌前 at once立刻,马上 at school 在上学 at the same time 同时 at work 在工作 be good at=do well in 擅长
中考英语重点单词用法热身（收藏必备） consider是动词，意为考虑，思考，认为”。常用于下列结构： 1. consider+n。/pron。如： We must con sider the matter carefully 。 我们必须仔细考虑这件事。 2. consider doing sth 。如： Mr.Wa ng is con sideri ng going to America 。 王先生正在考虑前往美国。 3. c on side叶连接代（副）词+不定式如： They should con sider what to do n ext 。 他们应该考虑下一步该怎么办。 ［友情提示］ consider作认为”讲时，其后还可跟复合宾语，宾语补足语可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语和不定式（多为to be形式）等。如： I con sider myself to be lucky 。
我认为自己是幸运的 注：be terrified比be afraid的语气更强，害怕的程度更大一些。 18. c on ti nue continue意为“（使）继续，（使）连续”，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 1）作及物动词。如： Let C s ntinue our meeting。咱们继续开会吧。 2）作不及物动词。如： Ten minutes later ，the class continued。 10分钟后，又上课了。 3）c ontinue to do sth。与continue doing sth。，均可表示继续做某事”。 如： She continued to play the pia no 。她继续弹钢琴。 He continued work ing though he was ill 。 他虽然有病，但一直坚持工作。 19. c on sider consider是动词，意为考虑，思考，认为”。常用于下列结构： 1. consider+n。/pron。如： We must con sider the matter carefully o
最新中考英语短语总结（314） 短语总结 1. It’s time for sth. 该到做某事的时间了. It’s time to do sth.(It’s time for sb. to do sth) 该到(某人)做某事的时间了. 2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要求做某事. 3. ask (tell)sb. (not )to do sth . 请(告诉)某人(不)做某事. 4. make/let sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事. 5. hear/see/sb. do sth 听见/看见某人做某事. 6. had better(not )do sth 最好不做某事. 7. It’s better to do sth最好做某事 8. It’s best to do sth最好做某事 9. enjoy 喜欢做某事 10. finish 结束做某事 11. keep 继续做某事 12. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 13. carry on 继续做某事 14. go on 继续做某事 15. feel like 喜欢做某事 16. stop to do sth 与stop doing sth 停下来去做某事(与)停止做某事. 17. forget/remember to do 与forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得去做某事(与) 忘记/记得曾经做过事. 18. keep(precent,stop)sb. from doing sth阻止/防止/阻栏栽人做某事
19. prefer….to ……喜欢…..胜过…… 20. prefer to do sth. rather than do ath.宁愿做某事,而不原做某事. 21. used to do sth.过去常常做某事. 22. What’s wong with……? …..出了问题(事)? 23. have nothing to do with….. 与…..无关 24. be busy doing sth . 在忙于做某事 25. too…..to….. 太……以致知于不…… 26. so ……that ….. 如此….. 以致知于不…… 27. such…..that…… 如此….. 以致知于不…… 28. It take sb. some time to do sth .某人做某事用了一些时间. 29. spend …..on sth.(doing sth.)花钱/时间做某事. 30. pay…..for sth.花费(钱)买某物. 31. What /how about……? …….怎么样(好吗)? 32. would like to do sth .想要/愿意做某事.. 33. I don’t think that我认为……不….. 34. Why not do sth.? Why don’t y ou do sth .?为什么不做某事呢? 35. What do you mean by….?你….是什么意思? 36. What do you think of …..(How do you like ….)你认为….怎么样? 37. Mike enjoys collecting stamps . So do I.迈克喜欢集邮.我也也喜欢. 38. The more, the better . 越多越剧好. 39. Thanks for doing sth.谢谢你做了某事. 40. It i s said that….. 据说……
重要短语的用法及区别 ★on，in和with. on：表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等；I don’t want to talk about it on the phone. in：使用语言文字等媒介；Can you speak it in English? with：借助具体的手段或工具。Don’t write it with a red pen.★at , on , in三者都可以表示“在……的时候”。 At：表示在哪个时刻用；I get up at six o’clock in th e morning . 我早晨六点起床。 On：表示在哪一天，哪一天的早上（下午、晚上）；on Wednesday , on Sunday morning , on May I , on a cold morning in 1936 in：表示在哪一年（季、月），在上午，下午等。in September , in the morning , in the afternoon ★spend,pay,cost,take
Sb. spend …on sth. 某人花了…（时间、金钱）在某事上。 (in) doing sth. 某人花了…（时间、金钱）做某事。Sb. pay …for sth.某人为某物花了…钱。 Sth. cost sb. …某物花了某人…钱。 It takes/took sb. … to do sth.花了某人…（时间、金钱）做某事。 ★too much, too many, much too too much + 不可数名词too many + 可数名词much too + 形容词 ★not … until &u ntil not … until直到…才… （主句动词是短暂性动词） until 一直到…（主句中使用延续性动词） ★few, a few; little , a little. 虽然都表示“少”，但 （1）few, a few是可数的, little, a little是不可数的。 （2）a few, a little含肯定意味，few, little含否定意味。