Chapter 1 Computer Basics
定义，计算机革命/分类/系统，二进制，represent numbers/characters/sounds and pictures，terms 1-1 What is a Computer？
a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data and produces output, all according to a
series of stored instructions. 输入，处理数据，存储数据，输出
（1）Input includes words and symbols, numbers, pictures, audio signals, instructions, and so on. （2）Data refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas.
（3）Most computers have more than one location for storing data.
①Memory is an area that temporarily holds data that is waiting to be processed, stored, or output.
②Storage is the area that permanently holds data that is not immediately needed for processing. （4）Output includes reports, documents, music, graphs, pictures, and so on.
（5）The series of instructions is referred to as a computer program.
（6）Data and Information 电脑-data 人-information
①The primary purpose of computer systems in most businesses today is to transform data into
information that can be used by people.
②Data is used by computer. Information is used by humans.
1-2 The Evolution of Computer
①The first electronic computer was the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC).
②It became operational in 1946.③It contained 18,000 light-bulb-size electronic vacuum tubes.
④It weighed 30 tons and occupied about 1800 square feet of floor space.
⑤It was able to multiply four numbers in 9 milliseconds (9/1000 of a second).
First Generation (1946---1958) 电子管
①Main memory was almost made up of hundreds of vacuum tubes.
②Most input and output media were punched cards and magnetic tape.
Second Generation(1959---1963) 晶体管
①Transistors and some other solid-state devices were being used for the computer circuitry.
(A transistor is an electronic switch that alternately allows or does not allow electronic signals to pass.)
②Magnetic cores became the most widely used type of main memory.
③Removable magnetic disk packs, stacks of disks connected by a common spindle were introduced as storage devices. Third Generation(1964---1970) 集成电路
①The integrated circuit (IC) replaced traditional transistorized circuitry.
(IC is a complete electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components on a small silicon chip.)
②The use of magnetic disks for secondary data became widespread.
③Computers began to support multiprogramming (processing several programs at the same time). Fourth Generation(1971---Now) （超）大规模集成电路
①Large-scale integrated (LSI) and very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits were developed.
(contained hundreds to millions of transistors on a tiny chip)
②In 1971 the microprocessor was developed, which packaged an entire CPU, complete with
memory, logic, and control circuits, on a single chip.
③Computer’s main memory capacity increas ed, and its cost decreased.
1-3 Computer Categories 计算机分类:巨型机，大型机，工作站，服务器，个人电脑
①Supercomputers: the fastest and highest-capacity computers, have hundreds to thousands of
processors, can perform trillions of calculations per second
②Mainframe computers: fast, mid- to large-size, large-capacity, simultaneously processing data for
hundreds or thousands of user, main processing circuitry is housed in a closet-sized cabinet and have many processor
③Workstations: tackle tasks that require a lot of processing speed, some contain more than one
microprocessor, most have circuitry specially designed for creating and displaying three-dimensional and animated graphics
④Server: serve the computers on a network by supplying them with data, especially suited for
storing and distributing data on a network
⑤Microcomputers (Personal Computers, PC): designed to meet the computing needs of an
individual, provides access to a wide variety of computing applications, such as word processing, desktop computer and notebook computer
1-4 Computer System 计算机系统：硬件，软件
①Hardware is the electronic and electromechanical parts consists of the following: Input
(Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner), Memory and Storage, Processing( CPU (Central Processing Unit)), Output( Monitor, Printer)
②Software :the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task ; a set of computer
programs. Without software, the hardware is useless.
System Software: designed to allow the computer to manage its own resources and run the hardware and basic operations
Application Software: performs tasks to directly benefit or assist the user
1-5 Binary Number System 二进制10101B=1*24+1*22+1*20=16+4+1=21
①digital devices. A digital device works with discrete data.②The binary system has only two digits: 0 and 1 ③bit (binary digit) each 0 and 1 is called a bit.④Bits can be grouped in various combinations to represent data, such as numbers, letters, punctuation marks, music, pictures, and videos.
1-6Represent numbers 表示数字
①In binary, you run out of digits after you count to 1. To get to the next number, you have to use the 0 as a place holder and the 1 indicates one group of 2s.②Octal and Hexadecimal number system③Convert decimal numbers into binary numbers divided by 2 until quotient becomes 0, all remainders are combined from the bottom up④Convert binary numbers into decimal numbers multiply the place value by each binary digit, form the sum of all digits In二进制系统, the place values are powers of 2
1-7Represent characters (Binary Coding Schemes) 表示字符
①ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): uses 7 bits for each character,
provides codes for 128 (27) characters, the most widely used code with non-IBM mainframes and virtually all microcomputers, Extended ASCII uses 8 bits
②EBCDIC(Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code): 8-bit code, can represent 256 (28)
characters, used by IBM mainframe computers
③Unicode: uses 16 bits for each character provides codes for 65536(216) characters, can represent
the alphabets of multiple languages, such as Chinese
1-8Represent sounds and pictures
①A computer must digitize colors, notes, and instrument sounds into 1s and 0s.
②Computers convert colors and sounds into numbers, which can be represented by bits.
1-9 Terms
bit (b): the smallest unit : transmission speeds are expressed in bits
byte (B): 8 bits : storage space is usually expressed in bytes
kilobyte (KB)=1024 B =210B megabyte (MB)=1024 KB=220B
gigabyte (GB) =1024 MB=230B terabyte (TB) =1024GB=240B
Chapter 2 Computer Hardware: 系统，微处理器，内存，外存，输入/出设备，
2-1 Hardware System
1. Computer hardware consists of five parts: Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit, Memory and
Storage, Input Device, Output Device算术逻辑单元，控制装置，内/外存，输入/出设备
2. System board（系统板）: provides sockets for chips, slots for small circuit boards, and the circuitry that connects all of these components.
①Some chips are permanently soldered in place. Other chips are plugged into special sockets and connectors.②When multiple chips are required for a single function, the chips might be gathered together on a separate small circuit board, which can be plugged into a special slot-like connector. 2-2 Microprocessor 微处理器
1. Basics
①A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions.
②The processor circuitry is etched on a thumbnail-size or slightly larger chip of silicon. The chip is mounted on a carrier with metal pins, on the bottom that plug into the computer’s motherboard.
③The processor consists of two parts: Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit
④ALU: performs arithmetic operations and logical operations. Arithmetic operations are the
fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.（加减乘除）Logical operations are comparisons. The ALU compares two pieces of data to see whether one is “equal to” (=), “greater than” (>), or “less than” (<) the other.
⑤Control unit: tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program’s instructions.
It directs the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU.
It also directs these electronic signals between main memory and the input and output devices.
⑥Registers寄存器指令/地址/程序寄存器蓄电池Registers hold data that is being processed.
The control unit and the ALU contain registers, special high-speed circuitry areas that temporarily store data during processing and provide working areas for computation.
There are several types of registers, including an instruction register, which holds the instruction being executed; an address register, which holds the addresses of data to be processed; a program register, which holds status information; an accumulator, which holds the results of the ALU’s logic operations.
2.Performance Factors 性能因素
①Processing Speed （数据）处理速率
(1)Every computer contains a system clock---an internal timing device that sets the pace for
executing instructions. (2)A machine cycle is the smallest unit of time in a microprocessor’s universe. Every action that a processor performs is measured by these cycles. (3)The speed of a microprocessor commonly measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). 1 MHz means a million machine cycles per second.
②Word Size 字长
(1)Word size refers to the number of bits that a microprocessor can manipulate at one time.
(2)Word size is based on the size of the registers in the ALU, and the capacity of circuits that lead
to those registers. (3)Often the more bits in a word, the faster the computer. (4)Today’s personal computers typically contain 32-bit or 64-bit processors.
③Cache 高速缓存
(1)Cache is special high-speed memory that allows a microprocessor to access data more rapidly
than from memory located elsewhere on the motherboard. (2)A Level 1 cache (L1) is built into the processor chip, whereas a Level 2 cache (L2) is located on a separate chip and takes a little more time to get data to the processor. (3)Cache capacity is usually measured in kilobytes
3.Today’s Microprocessors
①Intel is the world’s largest chipmaker.②In 1971, Intel introduced the world’s first
microprocessor.③AMD is Intel’s chief rival in the PC chip market.④Motorola produces the family of chips for Apple Macintosh computers.⑤Intel introduced the original Pentium in 1993.
Intel is continually upgrading its line of Pentium processors.⑥AMD’s processors
2-3 Memory
1. RAM(Random Access Memory): 随机存取存储器
①is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system.
It holds: data that is waiting to be processed/ the program instructions for processing the data/ the results of processing/ operating system instructions that control the basic functions of a computer system.
②Its contents are temporary.
Most RAM is volatile（不稳定的）, which means that it requires electrical power to hold data.
If the computer is turned off, or if the power goes out, all data stored in RAM instantly and permanently disappears.（如果停电RAM里的数据立刻永远消失）
③The capacity of RAM is usually expressed in MB or GB.
The size of RAM determines how much data can be processed at once and how big and complex a program may be used to process the data.
④RAM speed is often expressed in nanoseconds (ns). One nanosecond is 1 billionth of a second.
⑤RAM speed can be expressed in MHz (millions of cycles per second).
⑥Most of today’s personal computers use SDRAM (synchronous dynamic同步动态RAM) or
RDRAM (Rambus dynamic RAM).
2. ROM (Read-Only Memory):只读存储器
①is permanent and non-volatile.It is a memory chip that permanently stores instructions and data that are programmed during the chip’s manufacture and that can not be changed or eras ed by the user.
②ROM contains a small set of instructions called the ROM BIOS. These instructions tell the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM.
3.CMOS Memory(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor): ①holds computer configuration settings, such as the date and time, hard disk capacity, and RAM capacity. ②When you change the configuration of your computer system（更改系统配置）, the data in CMOS must be updated.
2-4 Storage
1. Basics 存储介质；存储设备
① A data storage system has two main components: a storage medium and a storage device.
A storage medium is the disk, tape, CD, or other substance that contains data.
A storage device is the mechanical apparatus that records and retrieves data from a storage medium.
②Three types of storage technologies are used for PC: magnetic ,optical and solid state.磁光固态
(1)Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape
surface. (2)A read-write head mechanism in the disk drive reads and writes the magnetized particles that represent data. (3)Data stored magnetically can be easily changed or deleted.
(4)Magnetic media gradually lose their magnetic charge, resulting in lost data.磁极消失丢失数据
(1)Optical storage stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surface.(2) An
optical storage device uses a low-power laser light to read the data stored on an optical disk.
(3)Data recorded on optical media is generally less susceptible to environmental damage.不易破坏
(1)Solid state storage stores data in a nonvolatile, erasable, low-power chip. (2)The chip’s
circuitry is arranged as a grid and each cell in the grid contains two transistors that act as gates.
(3)Solid state storage provides faster access to data than magnetic or optical storage technology
because it includes no moving parts. (4)The capacity of solid state storage does not currently match that of hard disks, or DVDs. 数据访问速度更快
③Floppy Disk 软盘
1. A floppy disk is a round piece of flexible mylar plastic covered with a thin layer of magnetic
oxide and sealed inside a protective casing.
2. The floppies most commonly used on today’s PCs are 31/2 inches disks with a capacity of 1.44MB.
3. A floppy disk features a write-protect window.
4. On a diskette, data is recorded in ring called tracks. They are closed concentric rings. Each track
is divided into sectors. Each sector typically holds 512 bytes of data.
5. Formatting means preparing the disk so that the computer’s operating system software can write
information on it. This includes defining the tracks and sectors on it.
④Hard Disk 硬盘
(1)A hard disk is one or more platters and their associated read-write heads.
1. A hard disk platter is a flat, rigid disk made of aluminum or glass and coated with magnetic
iron oxide particles. 2. Hard disk platters are sealed inside the drive case or cartridge to prevent dust and other contaminants from interfering with the read-write heads.
3. PC hard disk platters（硬盘盘片）are typically 31/2 inches in diameter直径.
(2)A vertical stack of tracks is called a cylinder ----the basic storage bin for a hard disk drive.
(3)Hard disk drive speed is sometimes measured in revolutions per minute (rpm).
⑤Optical Disk: is a removable disk on which data is written and read through the use of laser
beams. Types: CD-ROM disk, CD-R disk, CD-RW disk, DVD
(1)CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read-Only Memory)光盘只读存储器
A single CD-ROM disk may hold 680MB-700MB.
Read-Only means that the disk’s content is recorded at the time of manufacture and cannot
be written on or erased by the user. 只读CD不能由用户修改
The original CD-ROM drives were able to access 150KB of data per second.
(2)CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable) 可记录光盘
CD-R is a CD format that allows users with CD-R drive to write data onto a special CD-R
disk that can then be read by a standard CD-ROM drive.
The data on a CD-R cannot be erased or modified once you record it. 不能修改
Most CD-R drives allow you to record the data in multiple sessions.
(3)CD-RW (Compact Disk ReWritable) 可擦写光盘
CD-RW technology allows you to write data on a CD, then change that data at a later time.
The process requires special CD-RW disks and a CD-RW drive.
(4)DVD (Digital Video / Versatile Disk)
The computer version of the DVD is called the DVD-ROM disk. It represents a new
generation of high-density CD-ROM disks.
A DVD disk holds about 4.7 GB.
A 1×DVD drive is about the same speed as a 9×CD drive.
DVD-R can record data once. Read/write formats include DVD-ROM,DVD+R, and DVD+RW.
⑥Solid State Storage. Types: USB flash drive, CompactFlash(CF) cards, MultiMedia(MMC)
cards, SecureDigital(SD) cards, SmartMedia cards
2-5 Input Device 输入设备：键盘，定点设备，源数据输入设备
1. Input hardware consists of devices that translate data into a form the computer can process.
2.There are three categories of input hardware: Keyboard, Pointing devices, Source-data entry devices
①Keyboard: Standard keyboard has 101 keys: Standard typing keys, Cursor-movement keys (arrow
keys), Numeric keys, Function keys. Ergonomic keyboard人体工程学键盘
②Pointing Devices定点设备：鼠标触摸板
(1)Mouse: usually has a cable that is connected to the microcomputer’s system unit. Some newer
mouse types are wireless. Mechanical mouse and optical mouse
(2)Touchpad: let you control the cursor/pointer with your finger. Touchpad is flat, rectangular
device that uses a very weak electrical field to sense your touch.
(3)Pen-based systems: use a pen-like stylus to enter handwriting and marks into a computer.
③Source-data Entry Devices 扫描仪语音识别输入视频和摄影
(1)Scanner: use laser beams and reflected light to translate hardcopy images of text, drawings,
photos, and the like into digital form.
(2)V oice-recognition (3) Video and photographic input
2-6 Output Device 输出设备
1. Output hardware consists of devices that translate information processed by the computer into a
form that humans can understand.
2.One of the most common output devices is the monitor; another is the printer.
3.Monitor
①Monitor runs under the control of a graphics display adapter card plugged into an expansion slot on the system board. ②A graphics card contains circuitry that generates the signals for displaying an image on the screen. ③A graphics card contains special video memory, which controls the resolution of images, the number of colors.
④There are three types of monitors: CRT , LCD（液晶）and plasma（等离子）.
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube阴极射线管) technology uses electron gun to direct beams of electrons towards the screen and activate individual dots of color that form an image. The dot is the smallest unit on the screen, called pixels（像素）for short.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display液晶显示器) produces an image by manipulating light within a layer of liquid crystal cells. LCD monitors are：优low radiation emission, weigh less, and consume less power. 缺But they are high cost and have a limited viewing angle.
Plasma screen technology creates an on-screen image by illuminating miniature colored
fluorescent lights arrayed in a panel-like screen. Plasma screens are compact, lightweight, and more expensive than CRT monitors.
⑤Image quality is a factor of screen size, dot pitch, resolution, and color depth.
The size of screen is measured diagonally from one corner to the opposite corner in inches.
Typical monitor screen sizes range from 13″to 21 ″.
Dot pitch (dp) is the distance in millimeters between pixels. A smaller dot pitch means a crisper image.
Resolution is the maximum number of horizontal and vertical pixels that are displayed on the screen. Resolution is expressed in terms of the formula columns of pixels ×rows of pixels.
Color depth is the number of colors that a monitor and graphics card can display.
There are different standards for monitors, and they support different color depths.
#VGA (Video Graphics Array) supports 16 to 256 colors. It is called 4-bit color.
##SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) supports 256 colors at higher resolution than VGA. It is called 8-bit color. ###XGA (eXtended Graphics Array) supports up to 16.7 million colors at a resolution of 1024 ×768 pixels. It is called 24-bit color, or true color.
4. Printer: differ in resolution and speed, which affect the print quality and price.
The printer’s resolution is the density of the gridwork of dots that create an image.
Resolution is measured by the number of dots it can print per linear inch, abbreviated as dpi.
Printer speed is measured either by pages per minute (ppm) or characters per second (cps).
Dot matrix printer uses a grid of thin wires to strike a inked ribbon and create an image on paper.
It can print multipart carbon forms.
Ink jet printer（喷墨）has a nozzle-like print head that sprays small droplets of ink onto paper.
Laser printer paints（激光）dots of light on a light-sensitive drum. Electrostatically charged ink is applied to the drum, then transferred to paper.
2-7 Expansion Slots, Cards and Ports扩充槽，卡及港口
1.Data Bus: ①Within a computer, data travels from one component to another over circuits called a
data bus. ②The segment of the data bus that extends between RAM and peripheral devices is called the expansion bus. ③As data moves along the expansion bus, it may travel through expansion slots, cards, ports and cables.
2.Expansion Slot: ①An expansion slot is a long, narrow socket on the motherboard into which you can plug an expansion card.②An expansion card is a small circuit board that provides a computer with the ability to control a storage device, an input device, or an output device.
③3 Types: #ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) slots are an old technology. ##PCI (Peripheral
Component Interconnect) slots offer a 32-bit or 64-bit data bus. ###AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) slots provide a high-speed data pathway that is primarily used for graphics cards.
④Expansion cards are built for only one type of slot.
3. Expansion Port: is any connector that passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral device.
is often housed on an expansion card so that it is accessible through an opening in the back of the computer’s system unit.
Chapter 3 Computer Software
3-1 Software Basics
1. Software typically consists of many files that contain user-executable programs（用户可执行程序）, support programs（支持程序）, and data that work together to provide a computer with the instructions and data necessary for carrying out a specific type of task.
①The user-executable file contain the executable programs designed to be launched or started by
users. These user-executable files typically have .exe file extensions.
②The support programs contain instructions for the computer to use with the main user-executable
file. The support programs can be called or activated by the main program as needed. But they are not designed to be run by users.
③The data files contain any data that is necessary for a task, but not supplied by the user.
2. Computer Language
①A computer language provides the tools that a programmer uses to create software.
②Most programmers today prefer to use high-level languages, which have some similarities to
human languages and produce programs that are easy to test and modify（修改）.
③A computer’s microprocessor only understands machine language -----the instruction set that is
hard wired within the microprocessor’s circuits.
④High-level languages help the programmer produce a lengthy list of instructions, called source
code（源代码）, which defines the software environment in every detail.
⑤Machine language instructions are called object code（结果代码）.
⑥The process of translating instructions from a high-level language into machine language can be
accomplished by two special types of programs: compilers and interpreters.(编译器和解释）
(1)A compiler translates all of the instructions in a program as a single batch and object code are
placed in a new file. (2)An interpreter converts one instruction at a time while the program is running. (3)An interpreted program runs more slowly than a compiled program.
3-2 System Software 操作系统，应用软件，语言翻译
1. System software works “behind the scenes”. It “underlies” applications software.
2. System software comprises three basic parts: Operating system, Utilities, Language translators
3. Operating System (OS): ①interacts with application software, device drivers, and hardware to
manage a computer’s resources.
②Manage processor(处理器CPU管理): To manage all of the competing processes, the operating
system must ensure that each one receives its share of microprocessor cycles. Ideally, the operating system s hould be able to help the processor switch tasks so that, from the user’s point, everything seems to be happening at the same time.
③Manage memory（内存管理）：When multiple programs are running at a time, the operating
system allocate specific areas of memory for each program. The OS must ensure that instructions and data from one area of memory don’t leak into an area allocated to another program.
④M anage files（文件管理）：Behind the scenes, the OS remembers the names and locations of all
files, and keeps track of empty spaces where new files can be stored.
⑤Manage devices：The OS communicates with device driver software so that data can travel
smoothly between the computer and these peripheral resources.
⑥Interface:(1)The user interface is the combination of hardware and software that helps people and
computers communicate with each other. (2)The old type of interface is command-line interface.
It requires user to memorize and type commands. (3)Most computers today feature a graphical user interface. (4)The graphical user interface (GUI) provides a way to point and click a mouse
to select menu options and manipulate graphical objects that are displayed on the screen.接口
⑦Categories
(1)Single-user operating system deals with one set of input devices ----- those that can be
controlled by one user at a time. (2)Multiuser operating system deals with input, output, and processing requests from many users --- all at the same time. (3)Multitasking operating system provides process and memory management services that allow two or more programs to run simultaneously. (4)Network operating system provides communications and routing services that allow computers to share data, program, and peripheral devices. (5)Desktop operating system is one that’s designed for a p ersonal computer.
⑧Common operating system: Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, DOS, Linux(is rather
unique because it is distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL), which allows everyone to make copies for their own use, to give to others, or to sell .)
4.Utility programs: are generally used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in a
computer system.
①Backup ②Data recovery: A data recovery utility is used to restore data that has been
physically damaged or corrupted. ③Virus protection: Antivirus software is a utility program that scans hard disks, diskettes, and memory to detect viruses. ④Data compression 数据压缩
⑤Defragmentation磁盘碎片清理: Defragers are available to defragment the disk, thus rearranging
the data so that the data units of each file are repositioned together in one location on the disk.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d18141307.html,nguage translators: All system software and applications software must be turned
into machine language for execution by the computer.
3-3 Application Software 应用软件
1. Document production software: ①Word processing software②Desktop publishing software (DTP)
③Web authoring software 2. Spreadsheet software 3. Number crunching software
4. Data management software
5. Graphics software: Graphics refers to any picture, drawing, sketch, photograph, image, or icon that appears on the computer screen.
6. Music software:①Wav
②Mp3(a music compression file format)③MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
7. Video editing and DVD authoring software 8. Educational and reference software 9. Entertainment software 10. Business software
3-4 Installation and Copyright 安装和版权
1.Installation basics: ①Distribution media②System requirements③The installation process④The main executable files and data files for the software are placed in the folder that you specify. Some support programs for the software might be stored in other folders.
2. Installing: From a distribution media, Downloaded software(A downloadable file typically is set up as a self-installing executable file/// self-executing zip file///non-executing zip file.
3. Uninstalling---Delete the software’s files from various directories on the computer’s hard disk, also remove references to the program from the desktop and from operating system files
①Uninstall routine on the same menu as the program②Add/Remove program located in the Control Panel控制面板③Copyrights
4. License 许可
①Software publishers typically use two techniques to validate a software license:
Shrink-wrap licenses Installation agreements
②Types: Commercial software, Shareware(try before you buy), Freeware, Open source
software(uncompiled program instructions), Public domain software(not protected by copyright) 3-5 File Management 文件管理
1. File basics
①A computer file is a named collection of data that exists on a storage medium.
②Every file has a name, and might also have a file extension. ③A filename extension
文件扩展名is an optional file identifier that is separated from the main file name by a period.
④A computer file’s location is defined by a file specification (path)路径, which includes the drive
letter, folder(s), file name, and extension.
(1)Each of a PC’s storage devices is identified by a device letter. (2)An operating system
maintains a list of files called a directory for each storage medium. The main directory of a disk is referred to as the root directory. (3)A root directory can be subdivided into smaller lists, called subdirectories. These subdirectories are depicted as folders when you use Windows.
(4)Folders can be created within other folders. (5)A folder name is separated from a drive
letter and other folder names by a special symbol. In Windows, this symbol is the backslash (\).
⑤File size is usually measured in bytes, kilobytes, or megabytes.
⑥The computer keeps track of the date that a file was created or last modified.
2. File management
①Application-based file management: The Save As dialog box not only helps you select a name
and storage device for a file, it also allows you to rename a file, delete a file, or create a folder.
②File management utilities My Computer（我的电脑）and Windows Explorer
③File management metaphors: (1)File management utilities often use some sort of storage
metaphor to help user visualize and mentally organize the files on the disks and other storage devices. These metaphors are sometimes referred to as logical storage models. (2)One storage metaphor is based on a hierarchical diagram that is sometimes referred to as a tree structure.
④Physical file storage 物理文件存储
(1)Before a computer can store a file on disk, CD, or DVD, the storage medium must be
formatted. (2)The operating system uses a file system to keep track of the names and locations of files that reside on a storage medium. (3)Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP use a file system called NTFS (New Technology File System). Windows 95, 98 and Me use FAT32. (4)To speed up the process of storing and retrieving data, a disk drive usually works with a group of sectors called a cluster or a block. (5)The number of sectors that form
a cluster varies, depending on the capacity of the disk, and the way that the operating system
works with files. (6)A file system’s primary task is to maintain a list of clust ers and keep track of which ones are empty and which ones hold data. This information is stored in a special index file. (7)When a file is deleted, the operating system simply changes the status of the file’s clusters to empty and removes the filename from the index file. The filename no longer appears in a directory listing, but the file’s data remains in the clusters until a new file is stored there.
3-6 Computer Viruses
1. Viruses
①A computer virus is a set of program instructions that attaches itself to a file, reproduces itself, and
spreads to other files.
②It can corrupt files, destroy data, display an irritating message, or otherwise disrupt computer
operations.
③Many computer viruses infect files executed by the computer.
④A trigger event can unleash some viruses.
⑤A key characteristic of viruses is their ability to lurk in a computer for days or months, quietly
replicating themselves.
⑥Types: File virus(infects application programs)
Boot sector virus(infects the system files that the computer uses every time user turns it on) Macro virus(infects a set of instructions called a macro. A macro is essentially a miniature program that usually contains legitimate instructions to automate document and worksheet production)
⑦Trojan horse: (1)Trojan horses are notorious for stealing passwords. (2)Technically, it is not
the same as a virus because, unlike a virus, a Trojan horse is not designed to make copies of itself.
(3)Many Trojan horses have backdoor capability, which allows unauthorized access to v ictims’
computers. (4)Some Trojan horses delete files and cause other trouble.
⑧Worm: (1)is designed to spread from computer to computer. (2)Most worms take advantage
of communications networks --especially the Internet --to travel within e-mail and TCP/IP packets.
(3)Some worms are designed to generate a lot of activity on a network by flooding it with useless
traffic ----- enough traffic to overwhelm the network’s processing capability and essentially bring all communications to halt.
⑨Viruses spread: Viruses can slip into the computer from a variety of sources*5: Floppy disks,
Homemade CDs, Web sites that contain games and other supposedly fun stuff, E-mail attachments, Macro viruses tend to hang out in documents created with Microsoft Word and spreadsheets created with Microsoft Excel
⑩Virus symptoms: depend on the virus. Some virus(⑦&⑧) have no recognizable symptoms.
2. Antivirus software: is a set of utility programs that looks for and eradicates viruses, ⑦&⑧
several techniques to find viruses: ①A change in the length of a program
②A change in the checksum ③Searching the files for a virus signature
Chapter 4 Network Technology 网络技术
4-1 Network Building Blocks 网络积木
1. A communications network is the combination of hardware, software, and connecting links that transport data.通信网络是硬件，软件的结合，并连接传输数据的链接
2. Network classifications: Networks exist in many variations because each one is constructed from a collection of technologies.
3. Geographic scope: (1)WAN (Wide Area Network) covers a large geographical area and usually consists of several smaller networks. (2)MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is a public high-speed network within a range of about 50 miles. (3)LAN (Local Area Network) is a data communications network within a very limited geographical area. 广域网，城域网，局域网
4. Organizational structure
(1)A client/server network contains one or more computers configured with server software and
other computer, configured with client software, that access the servers.
(2)A peer-to-peer network treats every computer as an equal so that workstations can store network
data, which can be transported to other workstations without passing through a central server.
5. Network links: A communications channel or link is a physical path or frequency for a signal transmission.
①Wired network
Twisted-pair cables: A cable typically contains four pairs of copper wires. Each pair of wires is independently insulated and then twisted around each other. Twisted-pair cables can be shielded (STP可屏蔽的) and unshielded (UTP非屏蔽的).双绞线
Coaxial cable: It consists of a copper wire encased in a non-conducting insulator, a foil shield, a woven metal outer shield, and a plastic outer coating.同轴电缆
Fiber-optic cable: 1It is a bundle of extremely thin strands of glass. Each strand is called an optical fiber. 2Fiber-optic cables do not conduct or transmit electrical signals. Instead, miniature lasers convert data into pulses of light, which flash through the cables. 3Fiber-optic cables are an essential part of the Internet backbone. 光缆
②Wireless network: (1)Most wireless LANs transport data as RF signals. RF signals are sent and
received by a transceiver. (2)Microwaves provide another option for transporting data.
Microwaves cannot penetrate metal objects. (3)Satellite transmissions play an important role in long-distance communications. (4)Infrared红外can also carry data signals. RF无线电信号6. Bandwidth: (1)Bandwidth is the transmission capacity of a communications channel.
(2)The bandwidth of a digital channel is usually measured in bits per second (bps).
(3)High-bandwidth communications systems are sometimes referred to as broadband.
7. Physical topology 物理拓扑
(1)Each connection point on a network is referred to as a node. (2)The layout of devices, wires, and cables in a network is referred to as its physical topology. (3)Three most typical physical
topologies are star, bus, and ring. (4)In a star topology, network nodes fan out from a central point. (5)A bus topology use a common backbone to connect all network nodes. (6)In a ring topology, network nodes are connected in a closed circle. (7)A mesh topology connects each network node to many other network nodes. (8)A tree topology is a blend of star and bus networks. (9)A real-world network can make use of more than one topology.
8. Network devices 网络设备；工作站，调制解调器，网络接口卡，服务器，集线器，路由器(1)Workstation usually refers to a personal computer connected to a local area network. (2)A modem is a device that converts the signals from a computer into signals that can travel over a wide area network. (3)A network interface card is a small circuit board that converts the signals from a computer into signals that can travel over a local area network. (4)Server refers to any computer on a local area network or the Internet that contains the software to manage and process files for other network nodes. (5)A hub is a device that connects several nodes of a local area network. A hub is designed to broadcast data to workstations and peripherals. (6)A router is a device that is connected to at least two networks. (7)A repeater is a device that amplifies and regenerates signals.
9. Communications protocols 通信协议
(1)Communications protocol refers to a set of rules for efficiently transmitting data from one network node to another.(2)Protocols allow two devices to negotiate and agree on how data will be transmitted.(3)Packet (a parcel of data that is sent across a computer network) ( contains the address of its sender, the destination address, a sequence number, and some data)
4-2 Internet Technology 互联网技术
1. Background In 1969, ARPANET In 1985, NSFNET
2. ISP(Internet Service Provider网络服务提供商) infrastructure
(1)An ISP operates network devices that handle the physical aspects of transmitting and receiving
data from your computer.
(2)The computer connects to the Internet二选一: It can link directly to an ISP connection; If your
computer is part of a LAN, an Internet connection can be provided by a LAN link.
3. Internet protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol传输控制协议), IP (Internet Protocol)
?TCP/IP is a suite of protocols, which includes TCP, IP, and others.
?TCP breaks a message or file into packets.
?IP is responsible for addressing packets so that they can be routed to their destination.
?Several other protocols are used with TCP/IP on the Internet, like HTTP, FTP, POP, SMTP, TELNET. 4. IP addresses IP地址分为四个部分，一节中的数量不能超过255个，每个部分8位，总共32位
(1)The IP part of TCP/IP defines the format for the addresses that identify computers on the Internet.
(2)An IP address is a series of numbers. (3)When written, an IP address is separated into four sections by periods. The number in a section cannot exceed 255. (4)In binary representation, each section requires 8 bits, so the entire address requires 32 bits. (5)A computer can have a permanently assigned static IP address or a temporarily dynamic IP address. (6)ISPs assign dynamic IP addresses for most dial-up connections and some DSL, ISDN, or cable modem connections.
5. Domain names 域名
(1)Many host computers also have an easy-to-remember name, a domain name. (2)A domain name is a key component of URLs and e-mail addresses. (3)A domain name ends with an extension that indicates its top-level domain. (4)Country codes also serve as top-level domains.
(5)Every domain name corresponds to a unique IP address that has been entered into a huge database called the Domain Name System (DNS). Computers that host this database are referred to as domain name servers. (6)This database is not stored as a whole in any single location, instead, it exists in parts all over the Internet.
4-3 Internet Access 互联网接入
1. Dial-up connections拨号连接
(1)A dial-up connection uses POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) to transport data between the
computer and ISP. (2)A modem converts the signals from the computer into signals that can travel over telephone lines. 3)Modulation means changing the characteristics of a signal, as when a modem changes a digital pulse into an analog audio signal. (4)Demodulation means changing a signal back to its original state, as when a modem changes an audio signal back to a digital pulse.
(5)When modems were a new technology, their speed was measured as baud rate. They are now measured in bits per second. (6)Many Internet connection methods provide faster downstream (the data you receive) transmission rates than upstream (the data you send) rates.
2. Cable modem connections 电缆调制解调器连接
(1)A CATV (Community Antenna TV) cable must provide bandwidth for television signals, incoming data signals, and outgoing data signals. (2)The two requirements for this type of connection are circuitry to handle Ethernet protocols and a cable modem, which converts your computer’s signal into one that can travel over the CATV network.(3)A cable modem provides an always-on connection that is on whenever your computer is powered up.
(4)When your cable connection is up and running, your computer becomes part of a neighborhood data network. Two issues become significant: bandwidth and security.
3. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)
DSL is a high-speed, digital, always-on, Internet access technology that runs over standard phone lines. DSL is digital, so data doesn’t need to be changed into analog form and then back to digital. A DSL connection can carry both voice and data. 数字用户线路
ISDN is an all-digital service with the potential to simultaneously carry voice and data.ISDN service is typically regarded as a high-speed Internet connection option for businesses that maintain small LANs. 综合业务数字网
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d18141307.html,N Internet access:a cost-effective way to share one Internet connection among several computers.
5. Wireless Internet access: You can connect a computer to the Internet using several wireless options, including direct satellite access and mobile Internet access.
Input 输入
Data 数据
Memory 内存
Storage 外存
ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator 1946
Vacuum tubes 电子管
Transistors 晶体管
IC: Integrated circuit集成电路
LSI: Large-scale integrated大规模集成电路
VLSI: Very-large-scale integrated 超~
CPU: central processing unit
ASCII: American standard code for information interchange
EBCDIC: Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code
Unicode
1. 简述计算机的几种主要类型，它们的主要应用领域是什么 2. 计算机内部的信息为什么要采用二进制编码表示 3. 一台服务器的网络地址是它是由四个十进制数表示的，在计算机内部 以二进制形式存储在 4个字节中。请写出该地址对应的 4个二进制数。 4. 简述冯·诺依曼型计算机的组成与工作原理。 5. 什么是计算机的指令系统机器指令通常有哪些类型 6. 简述操作系统的形成过程。操作系统的功能是什么 7. 进程的概念是什么举例说明在使用计算机过程中涉及到进程的一些操作 8. 在 Windows中，启动一个程序有哪几种途径 9. “文件”的概念是什么如何定义文件名和扩展名 10. 注册表的功能是什么 11. 利用 Delete键是否能够安全卸载某个应用程序为什么 12. 在 Windows中，应用程序之间的数据交换有哪些形式，它们各自的特点是什么 13. 什么是计算机网络，举例说明计算机网络有哪些应用 14. 简述计算机网络的基本组成（软硬件）。 15. 什么是计算机网络的拓扑结构常见的拓扑结构有哪几种 16. 什么是计算机网络协议说出 OSI七层协议的名称。 17. 什么是 Internet，举例说明 Internet上有哪些应用 18. Internet采用的标准网络协议是什么 19.在网络应用中采用客户机/服务器模式有什么好处 20. 在 Internet中，IP地址和域名的作用是什么它们之间有什么异同 21.什么是 HTML 什么是主页 22. 目前 Internet上主要的搜索引擎有哪些如果利用它们查找所需的信息 23.什么是电子邮件举例说明电子邮件地址的格式。 24. 计算机病毒通常由哪些危害请具体介绍你在自己学习或工作中使用的计算机上利用了哪些软件工具或使用了哪些方法防治计算机病毒的。 25. 请结合个人经验谈谈对于网络安全的认识。
计算机文化基础考试试题含答案 一、单选题（每小题1分，共30分） 1. 在Word的编辑状态，当前文档中有一个表格，选定列后，单击表格菜单中"删除列"命令后（）。 A.表格中的内容全部被删除，但表格还存在 B.表格和内容全部被删除 C.表格被删除，但表格中的内容未被删除 D.表格中插入点所在的列被删除 2. 十进制数8000转换为等值的八进制数是（）。 A.571（O） B.57100（O） C.175（O） D.17500（O） 3. 下列设备中，既能向主机输入数据又能接受主机输出数据的是（）。 A.显示器 B.扫描仪 C.磁盘存储器 D.音响设备 4. 下列操作中，（）不能关闭FrontPage应用程序。 A.单击“关闭”按钮 B.单击“文件”菜单中的“退出” C.单击“文件”菜单中的“关闭” D.双击标题栏左边的控制菜单框 5. 在Excel 清单中，（）。 A.只能将标题行冻结 B.可以将任意的列或行冻结 C.可以将A列和1、2、3行同时冻结 D.可以将任意的单元格冻结 6. CRT显示器的像素光点直径有多种规格，下列直径中显示质量最好的是（）mm。 A.0.39 B.0.33 C.0.31 D.0.28 7. 软盘不加写保护，对它可以进行的操作是（）。 A.只能读盘，不能写盘 B.只能写盘，不能读盘 C.既能读盘，又能写盘 D.不能读盘，也不能写盘 8. 软件与程序的区别是（）。 A.程序价格便宜、软件价格昂贵 B.程序是用户自己编写的，而软件是由厂家提供的 C.程序是用高级语言编写的，而软件是由机器语言编写的 D.软件是程序以及开发、使用和维护所需要的所有文档的总称,而程序是软件的一部分 9. 微型计算机中使用的人事档案管理系统，属下列计算机应用中的（）。
注：每道题第1个选项为正确答案 第2章Excel数据填充与格式设置 1.对于建立自定义序列，可以使用下列命令来建立： "文件"-"选项" "开始"-"选项" "插入"-"选项" "视图"-"选项" 2.如果需要将数字作为文本处理，如、号等时，应先输入（），再输数字，否则Excel 将其视为数值型数据，而不是字符型。 '(单撇号) "（双撇号） ,（逗号） ;（分号） 3.在Excel中，按（）可以输入系统当天的日期。 Ctrl+; Ctrl+Shift+; Shift+; Alt+; 4.要在不同单元格输入相同的数据，首先选中多个单元格，然后在选中的当前单元格中输 入数据，输入完成后按（）键就实现了在所有单元格个输入该数据。 Ctrl+Enter Alt+Enter Shift+Enter Enter 5.在Excel中，使用填充柄完成自动填充功能，填充柄位于单元格的（） 右下角 左下角 右上角 左上角 6.Excel中要选定不相邻的单元格，用（）键配合鼠标操作 ctrl alt tab shift 7.某个单元格经过公式正确计算后显示结果却是"######"，使用何种操作，可以正常显示 数据而又不影响该单元格的数据容（）
加大该单元格的列宽 加大该单元格的行高 使用复制命令复制数据 重新输入数据 8.在表格中一次性插入3行，正确的方法是（ ) 选定3行，在"表格"菜单中选择"插入行"命令 无法实现 选择"表格"菜单中的"插入行"命令 把插入点点在行尾部，按回车 9.在Excel中，可以输入两类数据，一类是常量，另一类是： 公式 数字 文本 函数 10.在输入数字超过单元格能显示的位数时，则以（）显示 科学计数 百分比 货币 自定义 11.在自动换行功能未设置时，可以通过按（）来强制换行 alt+enter alt+shift alt+tab ctrl+enter 12.如果要计算A2:A9区域中包含数值的单元格的个数，可以定义公式"=counta(A2:A9)"， 若A7单元格是空白，其他单元格都有值，则结果为（） 7 8 6 5 13.当鼠标移到自动填充柄上时，鼠标指针变为（） 黑十字 双箭头 白十字 黑矩形 14.已知某个单元格的格式已经设置为"百分比"格式，小数点取2位，当用户向其中输入 38后，单击回车键，编辑框及单元格显示的容为（）
计算机文化基础试题库 一、计算机基础知识部分： 1、世界上第一台计算机诞生在 _1946_____ 年。世界上公认的第一台电子计算机是 _ENIAC________。 2、将十进制数215转换为二进制数是__网络化___ 。将二进制数1100100转换为十进制数是_智能化____ 。 3、二进制数10100101转换为十六进制数是_11010111____ 。将二进制数1100100转换为八进制数是_____ 。 4、在微机中，信息的最小单位是_____ 。在微机中，存储容量的基本单位是_____ 。 5、在微机中，一个字节由_____ 个二进制位组成。计算机中的西文字符由_________ 位二进制数组成。 6、计算机发展经历了四代，以前“代”的划分主要根据计算机的______ 。人们把以______ 为硬件基本部件的计算机系统称为第三代计算机。 7、第一台电子计算机诞生的国家是____________。以微处理器为核心的微型计算机属于第____________代计算机。 8、标准ASCII码是用____________位二进制进行编码。能表示出________种国际通用字符。 9、世界上公认的第一台电子计算机的逻辑元件是_____________，在计算机内部一般采用_____ 代码表示各种数据。 10、计算机中，1MB=_________ *1024B。如果一个存储单元能存放一个字节，则64KB存储器的单元个数是_____ 。 11、一台完整的微型计算机硬件应由________、________、存储器、输入设备和输出设备等部件构成。 12、在计算机中有两种信息流，即______________ 和______________ 。 13、计算机中，中央处理器CPU由______ 和______ 两部分组成。 14、在计算机中，RAM 是_____ _,ROM是______ 。 15、微型计算机的主要性能指标有字长、、、 时钟频率、存取周期等。 16、CPU的中文含义是______ 。微型计算机硬件系统中最核心的部件是。 17、在微机中，运算器的主要功能是______ 。微处理器的主要功能是进行______ 。 18、对3.5英寸软盘，移动小滑块封住写保护口，则 _______。在3.5英寸的软盘上，有一带活动滑块方形小孔，它的作用是_______ 。 19、鼠标器是一种______ 设备。打印机属于______ 设备。 20、80486是32位处理器，“32”指______ 的技术指标。在微机中，80486通常是指______ 。 21、计算机的发展方向为巨型化、微型化、、。 22、微型计算机的和的总称是主机。 23、PC/386是一台________位个人微型计算机；Intel的Pentium________位微处理器。 24、计算机系统中的硬件主要包括____________、控制器、存储器、输入设备、输出设备五大部分。计算机的存储体系一般指_______ 。 25、计算计的软件系统通常分成______ 软件和_____ _软件。 26、字长是计算机______ 次能处理的_____ _进制位数。 27、现在使用的计算机，其工作原理是 ______ _。是由提出的。 28、外存中的数据与指令必须先读入_______ ，然后计算机才能进行处理。计算机在使用过程中突然断电，则_______ 中的信息会全部丢失。 29、键盘上的数字、英文字母、标点符号、空格等键，称为______ 。正确的打字指法应将左手
大学计算机文化基础试题及答案 一、单选题练习 1．完整的计算机系统由（ C ）组成。 A．运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备和输出设备 B．主机和外部设备 C．硬件系统和软件系统 D．主机箱、显示器、键盘、鼠标、打印机 2．以下软件中，（ D ）不是操作系统软件。 A．Windows xp B．unix C．linux D．microsoft office 3．用一个字节最多能编出（D ）不同的码。 A. 8个 B. 16个 C. 128个 D. 256个 4．任何程序都必须加载到（C ）中才能被CPU执行。 A. 磁盘 B. 硬盘 C. 内存 D. 外存 5．下列设备中，属于输出设备的是（ A ）。 A．显示器B．键盘C．鼠标D．手字板 6．计算机信息计量单位中的K代表（B ）。 A. 102 B. 210 C. 103 D. 28 7．RAM代表的是（C ）。 A. 只读存储器 B. 高速缓存器 C. 随机存储器 D. 软盘存储器8．组成计算机的CPU的两大部件是（A ）。 A．运算器和控制器 B. 控制器和寄存器C．运算器和内存 D. 控制器和内存
9．在描述信息传输中bps表示的是（ D ）。 A．每秒传输的字节数B．每秒传输的指令数 C．每秒传输的字数D．每秒传输的位数 10．微型计算机的内存容量主要指（ A ）的容量。 A. RAM B. ROM C. CMOS D. Cache 11．十进制数27对应的二进制数为( D )。 A．1011 B. 1100 C. 10111 D. 11011 12．Windows的目录结构采用的是（ A ）。 A．树形结构 B．线形结构C．层次结构D．网状结构 13．将回收站中的文件还原时，被还原的文件将回到（ D ）。 A．桌面上B．“我的文档”中C．内存中D．被删除的位置 14．在Windows 的窗口菜单中，若某命令项后面有向右的黑三角，则表示该命令项（A ）。A．有下级子菜单B．单击鼠标可直接执行 C．双击鼠标可直接执行D．右击鼠标可直接执行 15．计算机的三类总线中，不包括（C ）。 A．控制总线 B．地址总线 C．传输总线 D．数据总线 16．操作系统按其功能关系分为系统层、管理层和（ D ）三个层次。 A．数据层 B．逻辑层 C．用户层 D．应用层 17．汉字的拼音输入码属于汉字的（ A ）。 A．外码 B．内码 C．ASCII码D．标准码 18．Windows的剪贴板是用于临时存放信息的（C ）。 A．一个窗口B．一个文件夹C．一块内存区间D．一块磁盘区间
大学计算机基础考试题库 Final revision by standardization team on December 10, 2020.
1.构成计算机物理实体的部件被称为( B )。 A.计算机系统 B.计算机硬件 C.计算机软件 D.计算机程序 2.计算机外设的工作是靠一组驱动程序来完成的，这组程序代码保存在主板的一个特殊内存芯片中，这个芯片称为（ D ）。 O 3.第一代计算机主要使用( A )。 A.机器语言 B.高级语言 C.数据库管理系统和FORTRAN 4.在计算机系统上，一个字节等于( C )个二进制位。 5.与二进制数1011011对应的十进制数是( B )。 6.在计算机应用中，“OA”表示( C )。 A.决策支持系统 B.管理信息系统 C.办公自动化 D.人工智能 7.指挥、协调计算机工作的设备是( D )。 A.键盘、显示器 B.存储器 C.系统软件 D.控制器 8.目前使用的“奔腾”型微机采用的逻辑器件属于( D )。 A.电子管 B.晶体管 C.集成电路 D.超大规模集成电路 9.在微机中，访问速度最快的存储器是( D )。 A.硬盘 B.软盘 C.光盘 D.内存 10.磁盘是直接存储设备，它（ C ）。 A.只能直接存取 B.只能顺序存取 C.既能顺序存取，又能直接存取 D.将高级语言转换成汇编语言程序的程序 11.激光打印机属于( A )。 A.非击打式打打印机 B.热敏式打印机 C.击打式打印机 D.点阵式打印机 12.根据打印机的原理及印字技术，打印机可分为( A )。 A.击打式打印机和非击打式打印机 B.针式打印机和喷墨打印机 C.静电打印机和喷默打印机 D.点阵式打印机和行式打印机 13.下列属于输入设备的是（ D ）。 A.触摸屏、打印机 B.鼠标、打印机 C.硬盘、软盘驱动器 D.鼠标、条码阅读器 14. 具有多媒体功能的微型计算机系统中，常用的CD-ROM是（B ）。 A. 只读型大容量软盘 B. 只读型光盘 C. 只读型硬盘 D. 半导体只读存储器 15.指令的解释是电子计算机的( A )来执行。 A.控制部分 B.存储部分 C.输人输出部分 D.算术和逻辑部分 16.在微机中，指令寄存器是在( B )中。 A.存储器 B.控制器 C.运算器 D.外部设备 17.在计算机系统中，可直接执行的程序是( C )。 A.源代码 B.汇编语言代码 C.机器语言代码码 18.用( C )编制的程序是边解释边执行。 语言语言 C.汇编语言 D.机器语言指令序列 19.操作系统主要是对计算机系统的全部( C )进行管理。 A.应用软件 B.系统硬件 C.系统资源 D.设备 20.解释程序是( C )。
山东省计算机文化基础统考考试题（第十套） 一、单项选择题 1．在保存新建的演示文稿时，POWERPOINT2003会自动在用户键入的文件名后加扩展名（） A．.POT B．.PSD C. .PPT D. .PPS 2．如果要在已设置编号的幻灯片上显示幻灯片编号，则必须（）A．选择“文件”/“页面设置”命令 B．选择“视图”/“页每和页脚”命令 C．选择“视图”/“母版”/“幻灯片母版”命令 D．? 选择“插入”/“页码”命令 3．在POWERPOINT2003中，只有在（）视图下，“超级连接”功能才起作用。 A．幻灯片放映 B．幻灯片浏览 C．普通 D．? 大纲 4．（）是表中唯一标示每一条记录的字段 A．外码 B．主键 C．外键 D．? 关系 5．下列不属于评价传输介质性能指标的是（） A．衰减性 B．抗干扰性 C．带宽 D．体积 6．以下说法错误的是（） A．由于软件出现漏洞导致信息安全受到威胁，这属于人为威胁 B．由于网络设备老化导致信息安全受到威胁，这属于自然威胁 C．由于网络设备使用场地环境恶劣导致信息安全受到威胁，这属于人为威胁 D．? 由于环境的电磁干扰导致信息安全受到威胁，这属于自然威胁7．以下关于表单的说法错误的是（） A．表单是由表单域组成，表单域是供用户输入信息的对象 B．当用户点击“提交”按钮后，计算机会将表单的数据提交给WEB浏览器 C．没有WEB服务器，表单将无法提交 D．? 表单处理程序可以是网站开发者定义的ISAPI/NSAPI应用程序或脚本等 8．计算机之父是（） A．冯·诺伊曼 B．比尔·盖茨
C．巴贝奇 D．? 祖冲之 9．世界上第一幢智能大厦于（）在美国哈特福德市建成 A．1964年 B．1994年 C．1974年 D．? 1984年 10．是（） A．教育机构网站 B．非盈利机构网站 C．政府机构网站 D．? 商用机构网站 11．在WORD2003中操作的悬挂缩进，其效果是（） A．对所有段落的除了第一行外的行缩进一定值 B．对当前段落的除了第一行外的行缩进一定值 C．对所有的段落的所有的行缩进一定值 D．? 对当前段落的所有的行缩进一定值 12．关于EXCEL2003工作簿和工作表的说法，正确的是（） A．在EXCEL2003中，工作表的数目受可用内存的限制 B．工作表可以单独存盘 C．一个EXCEL2003工作簿只能由三个工作表组成 D．? 工作表需单独打开 13．在EXCEL2003中，设A1单元格值为李明，B2单元格值为89，则在C3单元格输入“=A1&”数学”&B2”，其显示值为（） A．李明数学89 B．A1数学B2 C．“李明””数学””89” D．? 李明”数学”89 14．下面的功能中，（）属于OFFICE2003在OFFICE97基础上增加的功能A．“即点即输”功能 B．多媒体技术支持 C．模板 D．? “1次复制多次粘贴”功能 15．WORD2003在编辑区中三击鼠标左键操作是用来（） A．选中整个文档 B．选中一个段落 C．选中一个单词 D．? 选中一个句子 16．在EXCEL2003中，关于工作表的移动和复制，下列说法错误的是（）A．移动工作表时，如果另一个工作簿中有工作表与此表同名，则不能完全复制 B．可以将工作表从一个工作簿移动到另一个工作簿 C．在移动和复制工作表的对话框中，选中建立副本，则完成复制操作 D．? 可以将工作表移动和复制到另一个工作簿的任意表之前或最后
第一套 1 有关信息与数据之间的联系，下列说法错误的是__________。 A 数据（data）是反映客观事物属性的记录，是信息的载体 B 数据可表示信息，而信息只有通过数据形式表示出来才能被人们理解和接受 C 数据是有用的信息，信息是数据的表现形式 D 信息是数据的内涵，是对数据语义的解释 2 与其他运算工具相比，计算机最突出的特点是_________，它也是计算机能够自动运算的前提和基础。 A 高速性 B存储性 C通用性 D精确性 3 在计算机的应用领域，CAI的中文全称是_________。 A 计算机辅助教育 B 计算机辅助设计 C 计算机辅助制造 D 计算机辅助教学 4 计算机在存储数据时，把2的10次方个存储单元记作1_________。 A M B K C T D G 5 计算机的硬件系统由五大部分组成,其中控制器的功能是________。 A 完成算术运算和逻辑运算 B 完成指令的翻译，并产生各种控制信号，执行相应的指令 C 将要计算的数据和处理这些数据的程序转换为计算机能够识别的二进制代码 D 将计算机处理的数据、计算结果等内部二进制信息转换成人们习惯接受的信息形式 6 系统软件中最重要的是________。 A 操作系统 B 语言处理程序 C 程序设计语言 D数据库管理系统 7 在当前计算机领域中，通常用GHz来描述计算机的_________。 A 运算速度 B主频 C 存储容量 D 字长长度 9 下列关于文件名的说法错误的是_________。 A 文件名由主文件名和扩展名两部分组成 B 从Windows 95开始放宽了对文件名的限制，组成文件名的字符数最多可达255个 C 主文件名和扩展名之间用英文句号分隔，但一个文件名只能有一个英文句号 D 文件名中可以包括空格和英文句号 10 可以修改计算机设置或安装程序，但不能读取属于其他用户的文件，没有备份和复制目录、安装或卸载设备程序以及管理安全和审核日志的权利的组是_________组。
山东省计算机文化基础考试试题 一.单项选择(60分) 1.对ROM的说法不正确的是______ A．ROM是只读存储器 B．计算机只能从ROM 中读取事先存储的数据 C．ROM中的数据可以快速改写 D．ROM 中存放固定的程序和数据 2.常用来标识计算机运算速度的单位是______ A．MB和BPS B．BPS和MHZ C．MHZ和MIPS D．MIPS和BIPS 3.对微型计算机的说法不正确的是 A．微型计算机就是体积最小的计算机 B．微型计算机是指以微处器为核心，配以存储器，输入输出接口和各种总线所构成的总体 C．普通的微型计算机由主机箱，键盘，显示器，和各种输入输出设备组成 D．微型计算机的各功能部件通过大规模集成电路技术将所有逻辑部件都集成在一块或几块芯片上 4.世界上第一台电子计算机诞生于________ A．20世纪40年代B．19世纪C．20世纪80年代D．1950年 5.计算机的基本硬件组成______ A．运算器、显示器、控制器、硬盘 B．寄存器、鼠标、控制器、打印机 C．运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备和输出设备 D．控制器、算术逻辑单元、I/O设备，总线及电路 6.计算机采用二进制不是因为______ A．物理上容易实现B．规则简单C．逻辑性强D．人们的习惯 7.下列说法不正确的是______ A．数据经过加工成为信息 B．数据指文字，符号、声、光等 C．信息就是数据的物理表示 D．信息与数据既有区别又有联系 8.为了防止计算机病毒的传染，应该做到______。 A．干净的软盘不要与来历不明的软盘放在一起 B．不要复制来历不明的软盘上的程序 C．长时间不用的软盘要经常格式化 D．对软盘上的文件要经常重新复制 9.下列属于音频文件扩展名的是 A．.WA V B．.MID C． .MP3 D．以上都是 10.下列对操作系统的说法中错误的是______ A．按运行环境将操作系统分为实时操作系统和分时操作系统和批处理操作系统 B．分时操作系统具有多个终端 C．实时操作系统是对外来信号及时做出反应的操作系统 D．批处理操作系统指利用CPU的空余时间处理成批的作业 11.表示字符的连续二个字符为31H、41H，则
一、选择题 2.计算机外设的工作是靠一组驱动程序来完成的，这组程序代码保存在主板的一个特殊内存芯片中，这个芯片称为（）。 A.Cache B.ROM C.I/O D.BIOS 6.在计算机应用中，“OA”表示( )。 A.决策支持系统 B.管理信息系统 C.办公自动化 D.人工智能 8.目前使用的“奔腾”型微机采用的逻辑器件属于( )。 A.电子管 B.晶体管 C.集成电路 D.超大规模集成电路 9.在微机中，访问速度最快的存储器是( )。 A.硬盘 B.软盘 C.光盘 D.内存 12.根据打印机的原理及印字技术，打印机可分为()。 A.击打式打印机和非击打式打印机 B.针式打印机和喷墨打印机 C.静电打印机和喷默打印机 D.点阵式打印机和行式打印机 13.下列属于输入设备的是（）。 A.触摸屏、打印机 B.鼠标、打印机 C.硬盘、软盘驱动器 D.鼠标、条码阅读器 14. 具有多媒体功能的微型计算机系统中，常用的CD-ROM是（B ）。 A. 只读型大容量软盘 B. 只读型光盘 C. 只读型硬盘 D. 半导体只读存储器 16.在微机中，指令寄存器是在( )中。 A.存储器 B.控制器 C.运算器 D.外部设备 21.以下属于应用软件的是( )。 A.FOXPRO数据库管理系统 B.C语言编译程序 C.WINDOWS98 D.学籍管理软件 23.下列诸因素中，对微型计算机工作影响最小的是( )。 A.尘土 B.噪声 C.温度 D.湿度 24.下列语句( )不恰当。 A.磁盘应远离高温及磁性物体 B.避免接触盘片上暴露的部分 C.不要弯曲磁盘 D.磁盘应避免与染上病毒的磁盘放在一起 28.在计算机网络中，( )为局域网。 A.W AN B.Internet C.MAN https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d18141307.html,N 29.Internet起源于( ) A.美国 B.英国 C.德国 D.澳大利亚 30.调制解调器用于完成计算机数字信号与( )之间的转换。 A.电话线上的数字信号 B.同轴电缆上的音频信号 C.同轴电缆上的数字信号 D.电话线上的模拟信号 32.主机域名https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d18141307.html,由4个子域组成，其中的( )表示主机名。 A.public B.tpt C.tj https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d18141307.html, 33. 在网络的各个节点上，为了顺利实现OSI模型中同一层次的功能，必须共同遵守的规则，叫做（）。 A. 协议 B. TCP/IP C. Internet D. 以太 34.防病毒卡是( )病毒的一种较好措施。 A.预防 B.消除 C.检测 D.预防、检测、消除 35.计算机病毒造成的损坏主要是（）。 A.磁盘 B.磁盘驱动器 C.磁盘和其中的程序及数据 D.程序和数据 二、填空题
计算机文化基础考点总结 一、信息技术与计算机文化 1.数据是信息的具体表现形式，是信息的载体；而信息是对数据进行加工后的结果，是数据的逻辑意义。信息的符号化就是数据。 2.信息高速公路主要是指高速度、大容量多媒体信息传输干线。最早由美国提出。 3.计算机文化就是以计算机为核心，集网络文化、信息文化、多媒体文化为一体，并对社会生活和人类行为产生广泛深远影响的新型文化。 4.计算机之父查尔斯?巴贝奇 5.第一台真正意义上的计算机“ENIAC” 6.计算机的发展 7.计算机的特点：存储型、通用性、高速性、自动性、精确性、逻辑判断能力 8.计算机的应用： ①科学计算：利用计算机做数值仿真 ②信息管理：办公自动化、信息管理、事务处理、情报检索、企业管理 ③过程控制(实时控制）：现代工业生产 ④计算机辅助系统：CAD 计算机辅助设计 CAM 计算机辅助制造 CBE 计算机辅助教育 CAI 计算机辅助教学 CAT 计算机辅助测试 CIMS 计算机集成系统 ⑤人工智能 ⑥计算机网络与通信 9.计算机的发展趋势：巨型化微型化网格化智能化 10.计算机的逻辑运算：与（AND）0?0=0 0?1=0 1?0=0 1?1=1 或（OR）0?0=0 0?1=1 1?0=1 1?1=1 非（NOT）1=0 0=1 异或（XOR）0 0=0 0 1=1 1 0=1 1 1=0 11.位bit 简记b 计算机存储的最小单位 字节byte 简记B 1B=8bit 存储信息的基本单位
12. 机器数最高位采用“0:”或“1”表示正负 13. 两个字节（16位）表示一个汉字 14. 7位标的ASCII 码可表示128个不同的字符 15. 指令----计算机执行某种操作的命令，由操作码和地址码组成 16.计算机的两种信息：数据流和控制信号 17.冯?诺依曼提出的“存储程序”工作原理，决定了计算机的组成；运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备、输出设备 18. 通常把运算器和控制器合称为中央处理器 19. 存储器??? ?????????外存等待问题：高速缓存，解决：微机中的内存一般指断电后仍长期保存：存放固定程序数据，内存cpu Cache RAM RAM ROM 20.?????????????????????????????实用性应用软件：具有很强的 支撑服务软件数据库管理语言处理程序机管理计算机和使用计算本的系统软件直接运行在裸机上最基口用户与计算机之间的接操作系统系统软件计算机软件 21.计算机的性质： ① 有穷性：解题过程必须是可以终止的 ② 确定性：每一步必须有明确定义，不应该在理解时产生二义性 ③ 可行性：每个算法都可以有效地执行，并能得到确定的结果 22.程序语言：（三个阶段） a.机器语言：是计算机唯一能识别的，直接供机器使用的程序设计语言 不同计算机因指令系统的不同，所以同一型号的机器语言不能在另一 台上使用 b.汇编语言：依赖具体计算机，通用性较差。汇编语言的编写过程叫做汇编 ???目标程序等价的机器语言并产生编译：将源程序翻译成 执行，不产生目标程序解释：对源程序解释并高级语言c. 23.微机的主要性能指标 ?????????运算速度 计算机的处理速度越快内存容量：内存越大，内核：多任务处理性能数处理的二进制数据的位字长：运算部件能同时数，单位：在单位时间发出的脉冲主频：指hz cpu
计算机文化基础试题(一) 一、单项选择题(本大题共50小题,每小题1分,共50分。在每小题列出的四个备选 项中只有一个就是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填涂在答题卡上。错选、多选或未选均 无分) 1、在计算机运行时,把程序与数据一样存放在内存中,这就是1946年由领导的 研究小组正式提出并论证的。 A、图灵 B、布尔 C、冯·诺依曼 D、爱因斯坦 2、计算机发展的方向就是巨型化、微型化、网格化、智能化。其中“巨型化”就是指。 A、体积大 B、重量重 C、功能更强、速度更高、存储容量更大 D、外部设备更多 3、汉字系统中的汉字字库里存放的就是汉字的。 A、机内码 B、输入码 C、字形码或矢量码 D、国标码 4、如果一个存储单元能存放一个字节,则容量为32KB的存储器中的存储单元个数为 个。A、32000 B、32768 C、32767 D、65536 5、X就是二进制数110110110,Y就是十六进制数1AB,则X+Y结果的十进制数就 是。 A、881 B、865 C、609 D、993 6、下列有关存储器读写速度的排列,正确的就是。 A.RAM>CAche>硬盘>软盘 B.CAche>RAM>硬盘>软盘 C.CAche>硬盘>RAM>软盘 D.RAM>硬盘>软盘>CAche 7.下列说法不正确的就是。 A.主频越高,运算速度越快 B.字长越长,运算速度越快,计算精度越高 C.内存容量越大,运算速度越快 D.存取周期越大,运算速度越快 8.随着计算机技术的发展,把文字、声音、图形、图像与动画等各种媒体组合起来称。 A.PersonAl Computer B、MultimediA C.AI D.CAIM 9.当一个文档窗口被保存关闭后,该文档将____。 A.保存在外存中 B.保存在内存中 C.保存在剪贴板中 D.既保存在外存也保存在内存中 10、在Windows中,关于剪贴板,不正确的描述为____。 A.剪贴板就是内存的某段区域 B.存放在剪贴板中的内容一旦关机,将不能保留 C.剪贴板就是硬盘的一部分 D.剪贴板中只能存放最后一次存放的内容 11、关于文件或文件夹的删除,不正确的描述就是。 A、可以先复制到回收站,需要时,在回收站中将其还原 B.可以不经过回收站直接删除 C.软盘上的文件或文件夹在删除时,肯定不能在回收站还原 D.利用“清空回收站”选项可以把回收站中的文件或文件夹全部删除 12.在桌面空白处右击,选择排列图标后,下列不会出现。 A、按类型 B.自动排列 C.按名称D.按时间
注:每道题第1个选项为正确答案 第2章Excel数据填充与格式设置 1.对于建立自定义序列,可以使用下列命令来建立: "文件"-"选项" "开始"-"选项" "插入"-"选项" "视图"-"选项" 2.如果需要将数字作为文本处理,如电话号码、身份证号等时,应先输入( ),再输数字,否 则Excel将其视为数值型数据,而不就是字符型。 '(单撇号) "(双撇号) ,(逗号) ;(分号) 3.在Excel中,按( )可以输入系统当天的日期。 Ctrl+; Ctrl+Shift+; Shift+; Alt+; 4.要在不同单元格输入相同的数据,首先选中多个单元格,然后在选中的当前单元格中输 入数据,输入完成后按( )键就实现了在所有单元格个输入该数据。 Ctrl+Enter Alt+Enter Shift+Enter Enter 5.在Excel中,使用填充柄完成自动填充功能,填充柄位于单元格的() 右下角 左下角 右上角 左上角 6.Excel中要选定不相邻的单元格,用( )键配合鼠标操作 ctrl alt tab shift 7.某个单元格经过公式正确计算后显示结果却就是"######",使用何种操作,可以正常显 示数据而又不影响该单元格的数据内容() 加大该单元格的列宽 加大该单元格的行高 使用复制命令复制数据 重新输入数据 8.在表格中一次性插入3行,正确的方法就是( ) 选定3行,在"表格"菜单中选择"插入行"命令
无法实现 选择"表格"菜单中的"插入行"命令 把插入点点在行尾部,按回车 9.在Excel中,可以输入两类数据,一类就是常量,另一类就是: 公式 数字 文本 函数 10.在输入数字超过单元格能显示的位数时,则以( )显示 科学计数 百分比 货币 自定义 11.在自动换行功能未设置时,可以通过按( )来强制换行 alt+enter alt+shift alt+tab ctrl+enter 12.如果要计算A2:A9区域中包含数值的单元格的个数,可以定义公式"=counta(A2:A9)", 若A7单元格就是空白,其她单元格都有值,则结果为( ) 7 8 6 5 13.当鼠标移到自动填充柄上时,鼠标指针变为( ) 黑十字 双箭头 白十字 黑矩形 14.已知某个单元格的格式已经设置为"百分比"格式,小数点取2位,当用户向其中输入38 后,单击回车键,编辑框及单元格内显示的内容为( ) 编辑框显示为38%,单元格显示为38、00% 编辑框显示为38,单元格显示为38% 编辑框显示为0、38,单元格显示为38% 编辑框显示为3800,单元格显示为3800、00% 15.使用"自动填充"方法输入数据时,若在A1输入2,A2输入4,然后选中A1:A2区域,再拖 动填充柄至A10,则A1:A10区域内各单元格填充的数据为( ) 2,4,6, (20) 全0 全2 全4 16.把单元格指针移到AZ1000的最简单的方法就是( ) 在名称框输入AZ1000,并按回车键 拖动滚动条
（练习二） 单选题 *下面的方法中不能退出Word 2000的是( )。03_001_S00001 A:使用快捷键Ctrl+F4 B:单击"文件"菜单中的"退出"命令 C:单击Word 2000中窗口右上角"关闭"按钮 D:双击Word 2000中窗口左上角控制图标 *在Word 2000中不能用"查找"功能找到的项目是( )。03_002_S00003 A:艺术字 B:格式 C:段落标志 D:分页符 *在Excel2000中,关于批注下列说法正确的是( )。04_002_S00008 A:一次可以删除多个批注 B:在某一时刻不可以查看所有批注 C:可以同时编辑多个批注 D:可以同时复制多个批注 *在表格里编辑文本时，选择整个一行或一列以后，( 03_004_S00001 )就能删除其中的所有文本。 A:按Del键 B:按Ctrl十Tab键 C:单击剪切按钮 D:按空格键 *Word在使用绘图工具绘制的图形中( )。03_005_S00003 A:可以加入文字、英文和其他符号 B:不能加入英文 C:不能加入任何符号 D:不能加入文字 *已知字符“E”的ASCII 码的十进制数是69，则字符“h”的ASCII 01_003_S00007码的十进制数表示是( )。 A:104 B:101 C:106 D:72 *Windows2000 professional操作系统属于( )操作系统。01_005_S00004 A:单用户多任务 B:单用户单任务 C:多用户单任务 D:多用户多任务 *微型计算机中，PCB指的是( )。01_006_S00007 A:主板 B:适配器 C:扩展槽
《计算机文化基础》课程标准 一、课程基本信息 【课程名称】计算机文化基础 【开课时间】第1 学期 【学时】56学时 【课程类型】公共课 【授课对象】大一年级所有专业 二、课程定位 《计算机文化基础》课程是我校所有专业开设的第一门计算机类公共基础课，也是一门普遍性、应用性和技能性较突出的公共基础课。其主要作用是使非专业学生具备必须的信息意识和素养，了解计算机和网络的基本常识，具备计算机和网络技术的基本应用技能，具有文字处理、数据处理能力，信息获取、整合、加工能力等较全面的信息处理能力，以计算机和网络应用技术做工具为其专业学习服务，提高专业续航能力，同时为其今后的职业工作、生活和可持续发展奠定信息技术应用基础。 本课程无须前修课程做基础，通常是大学阶段为学生开设的第一门计算机基础课程。其后继课程是服务于不同专业学习或应用于不同专业和职业的计算机应用型课程和计算机技术型课程。如《计算机网络基础》、《网络安全》、《图形图像处理与动画设计》等课程。 三、课程培养目标 本课程的目标是：“以学生为主体，以学生的学习为中心”，通过课程的实施，帮助学生学会学习。使学生的知识、情感、技能得到全面发展，既为今后的专业核心课程学习打下良好的知识与技能基础，又培养良好的态度，为其将来从事专业活动和未来的职业生涯打下基础。 1、专业能力 （1）掌握计算机软硬件基础知识。 （2）掌握操作系统相关知识，
（3）理解Word、Excel和PowerPoint、计算机网络基础等应用软件的相关知识。 2、方法能力 （1）学会思考问题，能够将理论与实际相结合。 （2）通过反复实践和练习，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。 3、社会能力 （1）能够利用计算机以文档、演示文稿或网页等多种形式表达信息。 （2）能利用计算机建立处理报表、并进行统计、分析。 （3）能利用网络和Internet资源，通过浏览器搜索、整理并获取所需要的专业及其它信息。 （4）能利用网络和Internet，进行信息沟通与交流。 四、课程设计思路 基于对这门课的培养目标的分析，确定本门课程的设计理念有这样三点： 一是以应用为出发点和落脚点。所谓以应用为出发点，就是要紧紧盯在应用上，把对学生有用的东西做选择的标准，所以要调研企业、毕业生和在校生，但是还要把这些东西很好的应用到工作和生活中去，这就是所谓的落脚点。从这一点来体现它的职业性； 二是要以学习能力的培养为核心。这门课程是工具，但它不是为工具而工具，它有很好的手段来培养学生的学习能力。因为计算机知识以及技术更新速度非常之快，恰好用它来培养学生的能力。所以通过对专业负责人和职业岗位人的调研，来充分考虑它对能力的培养，以体现它的开放性。 三是以方便教师的教和学生的学为着眼点。这门课程在设计的时候要充分考虑老师和学生，对老师和学生进行认真调研，怎样方便学生学、老师教，就采取怎样的方式，并且在整个的教学过程中间特别重视操作，以体现它的实践性。 五、教学内容与学时分配
大学计算机基础》试题题库及答案 一、单选题练习 1．完整的计算机系统由（C）组成。 A．运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备和输出设备 B．主机和外部设备 C．硬件系统和软件系统 D．主机箱、显示器、键盘、鼠标、打印机 2．以下软件中，（D）不是操作系统软件。 A．Windows xp B．unix C．linux D．microsoft office 3．用一个字节最多能编出（D ）不同的码。 A. 8个 B. 16个 C. 128个 D. 256个 4．任何程序都必须加载到（C ）中才能被CPU执行。 A. 磁盘 B. 硬盘 C. 内存 D. 外存 5．下列设备中，属于输出设备的是（A）。 A．显示器B．键盘C．鼠标D．手字板 6．计算机信息计量单位中的K代表（B ）。 A. 102 B. 210 C. 103 D. 28 7．RAM代表的是（C ）。 A. 只读存储器 B. 高速缓存器 C. 随机存储器 D. 软盘存储器 8．组成计算机的CPU的两大部件是（A ）。 A．运算器和控制器 B. 控制器和寄存器C．运算器和内存 D. 控制器和内存 9．在描述信息传输中bps表示的是（D）。 A．每秒传输的字节数B．每秒传输的指令数 C．每秒传输的字数D．每秒传输的位数 10．微型计算机的内存容量主要指（ A ）的容量。 A. RAM B. ROM C. CMOS D. Cache 11．十进制数27对应的二进制数为( D )。 A．1011 B. 1100 C. 10111 D. 11011 12．Windows的目录结构采用的是（A）。 A．树形结构 B．线形结构C．层次结构D．网状结构 13．将回收站中的文件还原时，被还原的文件将回到（D）。 A．桌面上B．“我的文档”中C．内存中D．被删除的位置 14．在Windows 的窗口菜单中，若某命令项后面有向右的黑三角，则表示该命令项（A ）。A．有下级子菜单B．单击鼠标可直接执行 C．双击鼠标可直接执行D．右击鼠标可直接执行 15．计算机的三类总线中，不包括（C ）。 A．控制总线 B．地址总线 C．传输总线 D．数据总线 16．操作系统按其功能关系分为系统层、管理层和（D）三个层次。 A．数据层 B．逻辑层 C．用户层 D．应用层 17．汉字的拼音输入码属于汉字的（A）。 A．外码 B．内码 C．ASCII码D．标准码 18．Windows的剪贴板是用于临时存放信息的（C ）。 A．一个窗口B．一个文件夹C．一块内存区间D．一块磁盘区间 19．对处于还原状态的Windows应用程序窗口，不能实现的操作是（D ）。
大学计算机文化基础考试试题 数据库部分： 一、单项选择题（每小题1分） 1.关于数据仓库的系统，下列说法不正确的是（）。 A 数据仓库的数据可以来源于多个异种数据源 B 数据库系统主要提供了执行联机事务和查询处理，数据仓库系统主要提供了数据分析和决策支持 C 数据仓库的主要特征之一是面向主题的即围绕某一主题建模和分析 D 数据库系统和数据仓库系统管理的数据内容相同 2下列哪一个不属于关系数据库中的关系运算（） A 合并 B 投影 C 选择 D 连接 3.在关系中选择某些属性的值的操作称为（）。 A 投影运算 B 合并运算 C 连接运算 D 选择运算 4.Access2003提供了一个内置组“收藏夹”，用户能（） A 添加或删除数据库对象的快捷方式 B 重命名这个组 C 删除这个组 D 在这个组中建立表 5在数据管理中数据共享性高，冗余度小的是（）。。 A 数据库系统阶段 B 文件系统阶段 C 信息管理阶段 D 人工管理阶段 6 Access提供的七种对象从功能和彼此间的关系考虑，可以分为三个层次，第一层次是（）。 A 查询对象和报表对象 B 宏对象和查询对象 C 表对象和查询对象 D 表对象和报表对象 7.简称DBMS的是（）。 A 数据 B 数据库 C 数据库系统 D 数据库管理系统 8.数据管理技术发展中的数据库系统阶段数据的最小存取单位是（）。。 A 一组记录 B 数据项 C 文件 D 记录 9.在关系数据库中，关于关键字下列说法不正确的是（）。 A 主关键字是被挑选出来做表的行的唯一标识的候选关键字 B 如果两个关系中具有相同或相容的属性或属性组，那么这个属性或属性组称为这两个关系的公共关键字 C 对于一个关系来讲，主关键字只能有一个 D 外关键字要求能够唯一标识表的一行 二、多项选择题（每题2分） 1.Access2003数据库的对象包括（） A 表 B 窗体 C 报表 D 宏 E 查询 2.在Access2003中，关于数据库窗口的基本操作，可以完成的是（） A 数据库中的组均可以删除 B 可以改变对象的显示方式 C 允许用户创建自定义的组（新组） D 在数据库中表是不可以隐藏的