英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：
1专有名词
是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
*专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China
*专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall
2普通名词
是许多人和事物共有的名称。如，boy, flower.
▲可数普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
名词:是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词
,如：Box, child, orange
▲不可数名词
是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information .
名词变复数，规则变化有四条：
1. 一般情况下，加-s.
2．以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词，加-es
以o结尾的单词，有一些词加-es。口诀：黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土豆西红柿。注：火山volcano加-s或者-es
3．以-f/-fe结尾的单词，去掉-f/-fe，再加-es口诀：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子，手持大刀和一片树叶，站在
架子上，把狼砍成两半。
4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的单词，变y 为i 加es
名词变复数，不规则变化有条
：man,woman,policeman
4.单复数同形：
deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese
5.
“某国人”的复数形式，中日不变英法变，其余s 加后边。 练习：找出可数名词，并写出复数形式。.
In the market, a buyer asked a seller “how much is the cat, please?“100 dollars ”. But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday. “Yes, that’ true . But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird worth80 dollars ”
中考点拨
一．单选。名词词义辨析一题（1/15）
2013年 He was born in Italy, but he has made China his ____.
A.address
B.home
C.house
D.family
二．完形填空。词义辨析（2/10）
三．阅读理解。猜测词义（1/20）五．词语运用。(2/10)
六．补全对话。
七．书面表达。
.
1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses） 八卦 trigram 阴、阳 yin, yang 道 Dao（cf. logo） 江湖（世界） the jianghu World （the traits’ world） e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身 不由己) 道 Daoism（Taoism） 上火 excessive internal heat 儒学 Confucianism 红学（《红楼梦》研究） redology 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia 开放 kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world） 大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … 合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty 治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline 2、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial） 国庆节 National Day 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Festival 春节 Spring Festival 元宵节 Lantern Festival 儿童节 Children’s Day 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 妇女节 Women’s Day 泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 教师节 Teachers’ Day 五四青年节 Youth Day 3、中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods） 馄饨 wonton 锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 套餐 set meal 盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
Fundamentals of Materials Science 材料科学基础名词与术语 第一章绪论 metal: 金属 ceramic: 陶瓷polymer: 聚合物Composites: 复合材料Semiconductors: 半导体Biomaterials: 生物材料 Processing: 加工过程 Structure: 组织结构 Properties: 性质 Performance: 使用性能 Mechanical properties: 力学性能 Electrical properties: 电性能 Thermal behavior: 热性能 Magnetic properties: 磁性能 Optical properties: 光性能 Deteriorative characteristics: 老 化特性 第二章原子结构与原子键 Atomic mass unit (amu): 原子质量单位 Atomic number: 原子数 Atomic weight: 原子量 Bohr atomic model: 波尔原子模型Bonding energy: 键能 Coulombic force: 库仑力 Covalent bond: 共价键 Dipole (electric): 偶极子electronic configuration: 电子构型electron state: 电位 Electronegative: 负电的 Electropositive: 正电的 Ground state: 基态 Hydrogen bond: 氢键 Ionic bond: 离子键 Isotope: 同位素 Metallic bond: 金属键 Mole: 摩尔 Molecule: 分子 Pauli exclusion principle: 泡利不相 容原理 Periodic table: 元素周期表 Polar molecule: 极性分子 Primary bonding: 强键 Quantum mechanics: 量子力学 Quantum number: 量子数 Secondary bonding: 弱键 valence electron: 价电子 van der waals bond: 范德华键 Wave-mechanical model: 波粒二象 性模型 第三章金属与陶瓷的结构 Allotropy: 同素异形现象 Amorphous: 无定形 Anion: 阴离子 Anisotropy: 各向异性 atomic packing factor(APF): 原子堆积因数body-centered cubic (BCC): 体心立方结构Bragg’s law: 布拉格定律 Cation: 阳离子 coordination number: 配位数 crystal structure: 晶体结构 crystal system: 晶系 crystalline: 晶体的 diffraction: 衍射 face-centered cubic (FCC): 面心立方结构第五章晶体缺陷 Alloy: 合金 A metallic substance that is composed of two or more elements. 由两种及以上元素组成的金属材料。 Weight percent (wt%)：质量百分数 Concentration specification on the basis of weight (or mass) of a particular element relative to the total alloy weight (or mass). Stoichiometry: 正常价化合物 For ionic compounds, the state of having exactly the ratio of cations to anions speci-fied by the chemical formula. 在离子化合物中，正、负离子的比例严格遵守化学公式定义的化合价关系。 Imperfection: 缺陷，不完整性 A deviation from perfection; normally applied to crystalline materials wherein there is a deviation from atomic/molecular order and/or continuity. 对完美性的偏离，在材料科学领域中通常指晶体材料中原子/分子在排列顺序/连续性上的偏离。 Point defect: 点缺陷 A crystalline defect associated with one or, at most, several atomic sites. 一种仅波及一个或数个原子的晶体缺陷。 Vacancy: 空位 A normally occupied lattice site from which an atom or ion is missing. 一个缺失原子或离子的晶格节点位置。 Vacancy diffusion: 空位扩散
商务英语名词翻译 Unit 1 CICSC United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 是《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的简称。 trade terms 交易条款 sales contract 销售合同 price list 价格单 reference price 参考价 name of commodity 品名；商品名称 quantity 数量 withdrawal of offer 撤回发盘 revocation of offer 撤销发盘 termination of offer 终止发盘 inquiry 询盘 offer 发盘；报盘；实盘 offeror 发盘人 offeree 受盘人 firm offer 实盘 non-offer 虚盘 indefinite offer 虚盘 counter-offer 还盘 accept 承诺 contract 合同（契约） termination of a contract 合同的终止 suspension of a contract 合同的中止 Unit 2 claim damages 损害索赔 claim clause 索赔条款 compensation 补偿 the party in the breach 违约方 difference 差额 interest 利息 bona fide party 当事人 Unit 3 WTO World Trade Organization, 世界贸易组织 the Final Act 指乌拉圭回合多边谈判的最终议案 Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合 accountable 负责的，需要解释的 ground-rule 基本准则 decision-making body 决策机构 the General Council 总理事会 the Dispute Settlement Body 争端协调机构
流体动力学 fluid dynamics 连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media 介质 medium 流体质点 fluid particle 无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid 连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis 流体运动学 fluid kinematics 水静力学 hydrostatics 液体静力学 hydrostatics 支配方程 governing equation 伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem 毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law 欧拉方程 Euler equation 亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem 开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem 涡片 vortex sheet 库塔-茹可夫斯基条件 Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解 Blasius solution 达朗贝尔佯廖 d'Alembert paradox 雷诺数 Reynolds number
施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number 随体导数 material derivative 不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid 质量守恒 conservation of mass 动量守恒 conservation of momentum 能量守恒conservation of energy 动量方程 momentum equation 能量方程 energy equation 控制体积 control volume 液体静压 hydrostatic pressure 涡量拟能 enstrophy 压差 differential pressure 流[动] flow 流线 stream line 流面 stream surface 流管 stream tube 迹线 path, path line 流场 flow field 流态 flow regime 流动参量 flow parameter 流量flow rate, flow discharge
simulation 仿真；模拟 simulation algorithm 仿真算法 simulation algorithm libray 仿真算法库simulation block diagram 仿真（方）框图simulation centre 仿真中心 simulation clock 仿真时钟 simulation data base 仿真数据库 simulation environment 仿真环境 simulation equipment 仿真设备 simulation evaluation 仿真评价 simulation experiment 仿真实验 simulation experiment modelibrary 仿真实验模式库simulation expert system 仿真专家系统 simulation graphic library 仿真图形库 simulation information library 仿真信息库simulation job 仿真作业 simulation knowledge base 仿真知识库 simulation laboratoryt 仿真实验室 simulation language 仿真语言 simulation methodology 仿真方法学 simulation model 仿真模型 simulation model library 仿真模型库
simulation process 仿真过程 simulation process time 仿真过程时间 simulation program 仿真程序 simulation result 仿真结果 simulation run 仿真运行 simulation software 仿真软件 simulation support system 仿真支持系统 simulation system 仿真系统 simulation technique 仿真技术 simulation type 仿真类型 simulation velocity 仿真速度 simulation work station 仿真工作站 simulator 仿真器 simultancous comparison method 同时比较法simultaneous technique 同时联用技术；同时并用技术sing around method 声环法 sing-around velocimeter 环鸣声速仪 single acting positioner 单作用定位器 single arm measurement 单臂测量 single beam spectrum radiator 单光束光谱辐射计single board microcomputer 单片微（型）计算机single bounce technique 一次反射法
金玉满堂：Treasures fill the home 生意兴隆：Business flourishes 岁岁平安：Peace all year round 恭喜发财：Wishing you prosperity 和气生财：Harmony brings wealth 心想事成：May all your wishes come true 吉祥如意：Everything goes well 国泰民安：The country flourishes and people live in peace 招财进宝：Money and treasures will be plentiful 一帆风顺：Wishing you every success 步步高升：Promoting to a higher position 出入平安：Safe trip wherever you go 郎才女貌talented guy and beautiful lady 天缘巧合 a destiny given by heaven and a wonderful match 天作之和 a match by heaven 心心相印 a complete meeting of minds 永结同心to be of one mind forever 相亲相爱to be kind and love to each other 百年好合 a harmonious union lasting a hundred years 永浴爱河bathe in a river of love forever 佳偶天成an ideal couple 百年琴瑟married couple for a hundred years 百年偕老(of a married couple) to stick to each other for a hundred years 花好月圆the flowers are in full bloom, and the moon is full-ideal time for wedding 福禄鸳鸯 a happy wealthy couple 天缘巧合 a destiny given by heaven and a wonderful match 美满良缘 a happy and wonderful marriage 夫唱妇随the man sings, the wife follows - domestic harmony 珠联璧合an excellent match 凤凰于飞 a couple of phoenixes on the wing-happy marriage 美满家庭 a happy family 琴瑟和鸣marital harmony; happy married life 相敬如宾(of a married couple) to respect each other as if the other were a guest 同德同心to be of one mind 宜室宜家to make a harmonious and orderly home breath 鸾凤和鸣harmony in marriage 白头偕老(of a married couple) to stick to each other till the hair turns gray 情投意合to be congenial; to agree in taste and temperament 花开并蒂 a good marriage 美满良缘A happy and wonderful marriage 鸾凤和鸣 1 ，Luan and Phoenix Sing together 2 ，Harmony in marriage
广义连续统力学generalized continuum mechanics 简单物质simple material 纯力学物质purely mechanical material 微分型物质material of differential type 积分型物质material of integral type 混合物组份constituents of a mixture 非协调理论incompatibility theory 微极理论micropolar theory 决定性原理principle of determinism 等存在原理principle of equipresence 局部作用原理principle of objectivity 客观性原理principle of objectivity 电磁连续统理论theory of electromagnetic conti-nuum 内时理论endochronic theory 非局部理论nonlocal theory 混合物理论theory of mixtures 里夫林-矣里克森张量Rivlin-Ericksen tensor 声张量acoustic tensor 半向同性张量hemitropic tensor 各向同性张量isotropic tensor 应变张量strain tensor 伸缩张量stretch tensor 连续旋错continuous dislination 连续位错continuous dislocation 动量矩平衡angular momentum balance 余本构关系complementary constitutive rela-tions 共旋导数co-rotational derivative, Jaumann derivative 非完整分量anholonomic component 爬升效应climbing effect 协调条件compatibility condition 错综度complexity 当时构形current configuration 能量平衡energy balance 变形梯度deformation gradient 有限弹性finite elasticity 熵增entropy production 标架无差异性frame indifference 弹性势elastic potential 熵不等式entropy inequality
专有名词和事物名词的常用翻译方法 我们在英译汉时，常常会碰到一些专有名词和事物名词。对于这些词，有时我们可以在字典或其他工具书里找到相对应的译词，有时则需要译者自己灵活掌握。我们在翻译这些专有名词和事物名词时，经常采用表意法、谐音法、表形法、谐音加表意法、部分谐音部分表意法等五种方法，其中表意法和谐音法用得最为广泛。 一、表意法（semantic translation） 这是最常用的一种译法，即在汉语中找出同原词含义相同的词。在大多数情况下，我们是可以在字典或其他工具书里找到相应的译词的。如： computer：计算机 magnifier：放大镜 perambulator：童车 transformer：变压器 有时我们可以用表意法将英语中两个或两个以上的名词仅从字面上翻译成汉语中的一个词或名词性词组。一般情况下，译文和原文的含义是相符的。如： down coat；羽绒服 moon cake：月饼 table cloth：桌布 head worker：脑力劳动者 应当注意，这种情况下的表意法不是绝对靠得住的。因为有时当英语中两个或两个以上名词固定搭配在一起时，他们表示的可能是与字面意思完全不同的另外一个意思。此时我们就不能仅从字面上去表意，而应深入一步从含义和惯用法上去表意。如： honey cooler不能译为“甜冷饮”，而应译为“讨好女人的男子”；
night cart不能译为“夜车”，而应译为“粪车”； hand money不能译为“手中之财”，而应译为“定金、保证金”； fish story不能译为“钓鱼故事”，而应译为“牛皮、大话”； dog days不能译为“狗的日子”，而应译为“三伏天”； cat suit不能译为“猫服”，而应译为“喇叭裤”； pig head不能译为“猪头”，而应译为“顽固分子”； pig tail不能译为“猪尾巴”，而应译为“辫子”： donkey’s breakfast不能译为“驴子的早餐”，而应译为“草垫”。 二、谐音法（transliteration） 谐音法就是用汉语中同原词发音相近的字来翻译原词。这种方法多用来翻译人名、地名、药名、计量单位以及一些从外国传入中国的药品的名称。如： 1．译人名 Marx：马克思到 Shakespeare：莎士比亚 Bacon：培根 Einstein：爱因斯坦 2．译地名 Vienna：维也纳 Berlin：柏林 Cyprus：塞浦路斯 Somalia：索马里 3．译药名 aspirin：阿斯匹林 analgin：安乃静 quinine：奎宁 procaine：普鲁卡因 4．译计量单位
中国成语的英语翻译 1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜 white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones 21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect. 22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home. 23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth 24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence 25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green 26.老生常谈陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché 27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope. 29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success 30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth 31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened
（一）第一部分： 中华文明 Chinese civilization [sivilai`zei??n] 文明摇篮 cradle of civilization 华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors 秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin 皇太后 Empress 女皇；皇后Dowager 太后；太后 汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) 成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin 夏朝 Xia Dynasty 明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties 地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法 四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan 陕西 Shaanxi 四大发明 the four great inventions of ancientChina 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 printing 造纸术 paper-making 指南针 the compass 汉字 Chinese character 单音节 single syllable n. 音节 汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters 阳平 level tone 阴平 rising tone 上声 falling-rising tone 去声 falling tone 四书 the Four Books 《大学》 The Great Learning 《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》 The Analects 文选，论集of Confucius 《孟子》 The Mencius 《春秋》 the Spring and Autumn Annals 编年史 《史记》 Historical Records 《诗经》 The Books of Songs; The Book of Odes 颂诗，颂歌 《书经》 The Books of History 《易经》 I Ching; The Book of Changes 《礼记》 The Book of Rites 仪式，典礼 《孝经》 Book of Filial 子女的Piety 虔诚，虔敬 《孙子兵法》 The Art of War 《三字经》 The Three-Character Scripture 经文，圣典 ; The Three-Word Chant 吟颂，咏唱 《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms 《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage 朝圣之旅 to the West 《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions 大厦；宅第 《山海经》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
中国传统文化专有名词英文翻译 中国传统文化的英语单词你都了解吗？以下内容是关于中国文化的英语单词，与大家一起分享！ 1 .上海大剧院Shanghai Grand Theatre 2 .龙须沟Longxu Ditch 3 .样板戏model opera 4 .地雷战The Mine Warfare 5 .贵妃醉酒Drunkened Concubine 6 .霸王别姬Farewell to My Concubine 7 .荒山泪Tears of Huangshan 8 .群英会Gathering of Heroes 9 .借东风East Wind 10 .将相和General and Premier Make Up 11 .杨门女将Women General of Yang Family 12 .凤阳花鼓Flower Drum Dance 13 .大海啊，故乡Home in the Sea 14 .我的中国心My Chinese Heart 15 .军港之夜Night at the Naval Port 16 .冬天里的一把火Winter Fire 17 .十面埋伏（古曲）Ambush from All Sides 18 .天仙配Goddess Marriage 19 .牡丹亭Peony Pavilion 20 .春江花月夜Moon and Flower in the Spring River 21 .琵琶记The Story of Pipa 22 .醒世恒言Lasting Words to Awaken the World 23 .梁祝（小提琴协奏曲）Butterfly Love 24 .警世通言Ordinary Words to Warn the World 25 .喻世明言Clear Words to Illustrate the World 26 .“三言”、“二拍” Three V olumes of Words,Two V olumes of Slapping 27 .拍案惊奇Surprise Stories to Make One Slap the Desk 28 .红楼梦A Dream of Red Mansion/Chamber 29 .水浒Water Margin 30 .西游记Journey to the West 31 .三国演义Romance of the Three Kingdoms 32 .聊斋志异Strange Tles from a Scholar's Studio 33 .长生殿Palace of Eternal Life 34 .桃花扇The Peach Blossom Fan 35 .儒林外史The Scholars 36 .五女拜寿Celebrating Mother's Birthday 37 .清明上河图Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival
1. 山寨copycatting This Chinese term literally refers to the mountain strongholds of bandits. First borrowed to describe rip-off products, it has evolved to refer also to homemade products, such as video parodies of movies. 2. 囧be sunk/sunken This is an ancient Chinese character, pronounced "jiong". It means "light shining through a window". Young Chinese use it to express embarrassment, or a bad mood. Look at the character. Doesn't it look like a disappointed face? 3. 很黄很暴力very pornographic, very violent During a CCTV interview about a new Internet censorship regulation, a girl said that an uncensored Web page once popped up on her computer. She called it "very pornographic, very violent". Some believe the girl was told to say it by CCTV, so it is now used to mock the way the network covers news. 4. 槑nuts Pronounced méi, the word is a variant of the word for "梅". But it also looks like a double version of the character 呆(dai), which means stupid. So netizens have borrowed it to mean "very silly or very stupid". 5. 叉腰肌Psoas muscle Xie Yalong, the former head of the Chinese Football Association , once criticized women players, saying they have weak Psoas muscles. (This is the muscle that links the trunk to the legs; it's important for motion.) However, nobody, including the players, knew where the muscle is. This quote is now used to mock Xie, who was recently removed from his position. 6. 打酱油get some soy sauce When a person in Guangzhou was asked to give his opinion of the sex scandal involving Hong Kong star Edison Chen (Chen Guanxi), the man answered, "It is none of my business. I am just out to get some soy sauce." People have since begun using the words to mean "it's none of my business". 7. 泡良族pick-up artists This expression refers to men who seduce married women. 8. 凤凰男Phoenix man
发信人: laissez (中正平和), 信区: DeptMech 标题: 《振动力学》名词中英文对照 发信站: 碧海青天(Tue Dec 12 16:06:09 2000), 转信 Dirac delta function delta函数 acceleration 加速度 admittance 导纳 amplification factor 动力放大因子amplitude 幅值、振幅 amplitude-frequency characteristic 幅频特性 angular frequency 圆频率 attenuation vibration 衰减振动 base motion 基础运动 bending vibration 弯曲振动 boundary condition 边界条件 chaotic vibration 混沌振动complementary energy 余能 complex frequency response function 复频响应函数component modal synthesis method 模态综合法condition of orthogonality 正交性条件conservative system 保守系统 consistent mass matrix 一致（协调）质量阵constraint mode 约束模态 continuous system 连续系统 continuum 连续体 damping coefficient 阻尼系数 damping ratio 阻尼比 damping vibration 有阻尼振动 degree-of-freedom 自由度 differential equation of motion 动力学微分方程direct numerical integration 直接积分法 discrete system 离散系统 displacement 位移 dissipative system 耗散系统 Duhamel integral杜哈曼积分 dynamical matrix 动力矩阵 dynamical system 动力学系统 dynamics 动力学 eigenvalue 特征值 eigenvector 特征向量 element 单元 energy of deformation 变形能 excitation 激励 flexibility柔度
英语语法专有名词中英文对照说法 最近有同学反应，上外教课时，有些语法问题要和老师沟通，却不知道一些语法专有名词的英文怎么说，于是，只能用一大串英语来描述一个专有名词。例如，同学想问形容词的用法时，不会“形容词” 的英语说法，只好把问题这么描述:：“What are the rules of the words that are used to describe a person or thing?” 其实，the words that are used to describe a person or thing 指的就是形容词, 形容词的英文说法是“adjective”. 有鉴于此，现在把英文语法的专有名词说法，整理如下，同学花个几分钟的时间把他们记起来，下次再想问外教语法问题时，就不用那么麻烦啰！ 中文英文全称及缩写中文英文全称及缩写 名词Noun (n.) 时态Tense 代词Pronoun (pron.) 一般式Simple tense 形容词Adjective (adj./a.) 进行式Progressive tense 动词Verb (v.) 完成式Perfect tense 数词Numeral (num.) 完成进行式Perfect Progressive tense 副词Adverb (adv./ad.) 现在时Present tense 冠词Article (atr.) 过去时Past tense 介词Preposition (prep.) 将来时Future tense 连词Conjunction (conj.) 过去将来时Past future tense 感叹词Interjection (interj.) 标点符号Punctuation Mark 词法Morphology 句号(.) Period (full stop) 句法Syntax 问号(?) Question mark 句子成分Members of the 惊叹号(!) Exclamation mark Sentence 主语Subject 逗号(,) Comma 谓语Predicate 分号(;) Semicolon 表语Predicative 冒号(:) Colon
材料力学Mechanics of Materials 构件Structure member 强度strength 刚度rigidity 稳定性stability 变形固体solid deformation body 基本假设fundamental assumption 各向同性Isotropy 内力internal force 外力external force 二力杆two force bar 刚体rigid body 轴向拉伸Axial tension 轴向压缩Axial compression 拉力tensile force 内力Internal force 轴力axial force 轴力图diagram of axial force 集中载荷concentrate load 应力stress 平均应力Average stress 全应力whole stress 平面假设Hypothesis of plane section 拉应力Tensile stress 应力集中stress concentration 剪切shearing 正应力normal stress 剪应力shearing Stress 线应变linear strain 剪应变angular strain 剪力shearing force 弹性应变能Elastic strain energy 静定问题statically determinate problem 静不定问题statically indeterminate problem 平衡方程equilibrium equations 比例极限Proportional limit 弹性极限Elastic limit 屈服极限Yielding limit 塑性材料ductile material 强度极限Strength limit 铸铁cast iron 轴Shaft 扭转Torsion 扭转角The angle of twist 扭矩Internal torque 扭矩图Internal torque diagram 剪应力互等定Theorem of complementary shearing stresses 弯曲bending 梁Beam 固定铰支座Fixed hinged support 可动铰支座Movable hinged support 固定端Rigidly fixed end 简支梁simply supported beam 悬臂梁Cantilever beam 外伸梁Overhanging beam 静定梁Statically determinate beam 超静定梁Statically indeterminate beam 弯曲内力Internal force in bending 弯矩Bending moment 内力方程Internal force equation 剪力图shearing force diagram 弯矩图bending moment diagram 分布荷载the distributed load 荷载集度the density of the distributed load 平面刚架Planar rigid frame 曲杆Curved rod 纯弯曲Pure Bending 中性轴Neutral axis 曲率半径the radius of curvature 挠度Deflection 转角Angle of rotation 挠曲线deflection curve 位移边界条Boundary conditions of the displacement 支点位移条件Displacement conditions at the supports