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Using the Web for Anaphora Resolution

Using the Web for Anaphora Resolution
Using the Web for Anaphora Resolution

Using the Web for Anaphora Resolution

Katja Markert,Malvina Nissim School of Informatics

University of Edinburgh markert@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html, mnissim@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,

Natalia N.Modjeska

School of Informatics University of Edinburgh and Department of Computer Science University of Toronto natalia@https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,

Abstract

We present a novel method for resolv-

ing non-pronominal anaphora.Instead

of using handcrafted lexical resources,

we search the Web with shallow patterns

which can be predetermined for the type

of anaphoric phenomenon.In experi-

ments for other-anaphora and bridging,

our shallow,almost knowledge-free and

unsupervised method achieves state-of-

the-art results.

1Introduction

After having focussed on pronominal anaphora, researchers are now devoting attention to other nominal anaphors as well(Harabagiu and Maio-rano,1999;Vieira and Poesio,2000;Bierner, 2001;Modjeska,2002;Ng and Cardie,2002). These comprise such diverse phenomena as coref-erence,bridging(Clark,1975)(see also Exam-ple(1)),and other-anaphora(Example(2)).1 (1)The apartment she shares with a12-year-

old daughter and her sister was rattled,

books and crystal hit the?oor,[...] (2)You either believe Seymour can do it

again or you don’t.Beside the designer’s

age,other risk factors for Mr.Cray’s

company include the Cray-3’s[...]chip

technology.

and Poesio,2000)).Moreover,manually built resources are expensive and time-consuming to build and maintain.

There have been efforts to extract missing lex-ical relationships from corpora in order to build new knowledge sources and enrich existing ones (Hearst,1992;Berland and Charniak,1999;Poe-sio et al.,2002).In our view there are two main problems with these approaches.

Firstly,the size of the used corpora still leads to data sparseness(Berland and Charniak,1999) and the extraction procedure can therefore require extensive smoothing.Secondly,it is not clear how much and which knowledge to include in a ?xed context-independent ontology,whether man-ually built or derived from a corpus.Thus,should metonymy,underspeci?ed and point-of-view de-pendent hyponymy relations(Hearst,1992)be in-cluded?Should age,for example,be classi?ed as a hyponym of risk factor independent of context? To solve the?rst problem,we propose using the Web,which with approximately968M pages2 is the largest corpus available to the NLP https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,ing the web has proved successful in several?elds of NLP,e.g.,machine translation (Grefenstette,1999)and bigram frequency estima-tion(Keller et al.,2002).In particular,(Keller et al.,2002)have shown that using the Web handles data sparseness better than smoothing.However, to our knowledge,the Web has not been used for anaphora resolution yet.

We do not offer a solution to the second prob-lem,but instead claim that,for our task,we do not need a predetermined?xed ontology at all.In Example(2),we do not need to have and?x the knowledge that age is always a risk factor,but only that,among the possible NP antecedents“Sey-mour”,“designer”,and“(designer’s)age”,the lat-ter is the most likely to be viewed as a risk factor. In the next section,we introduce a method that uses shallow lexico-syntactic patterns and their web frequencies instead of a?xed ontology to achieve this comparison between several possible antecedents.We then present two experiments on

other-anaphora and bridging,respectively.Our shallow technique,used on a noisy and unpro-

3From now on,we will often use“anaphor/antecedent”instead of the more cumbersome“lexical heads of the anaphor/antecedent”.

4These simpli?ed instantiations serve as an example and are not the?nal instantiations we use;see Section3.2.

tern can be searched in any corpus to de-

termine its frequency.We now follow the

rationale that the most frequent of these in-

stantiated patterns determines the correct an-

tecedent.

4.As the patterns can be quite elaborate,

most corpora will be too small to deter-

mine the corresponding frequencies reli-

ably.The instantiation age and other risk

factors,for example,does not occur at all in

the British National Corpus(BNC),a100M

words corpus of British English.5Therefore

we use the largest corpus available,the Web.6

We submit all instantiated patterns as queries

to the Web making use of the GOOGLE

API technology and,as a?rst approximation,

select the instantiation yielding the highest

number of hits.Here,age and other risk

factors yields over400hits,whereas the

other two instantiations for this example yield

0hits each.

3Experiment I:Other-anaphora

Here we restrict other-anaphora to referential lexi-

cal NPs with the modi?ers other or another and

non-structurally given antecedents,as in Exam-

ple(2).7The distance between an other-anaphor

and its antecedent can be large;(Modjeska,2002)

observed a dependency that spans over17sen-

tences.

3.1Data Collection and Preparation

We tested our method on120samples of other-

anaphors from the Wall Street Journal corpus

(Penn Treebank release2,?rst three sections).

These samples are part of the dataset reported in

(Modjeska,2002).We used the samples in which

8https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,

and ORGANIZATION,whenever possible.We clas-si?ed LOCATIONS into COUNTRY,(US)STATE,

CITY,RIVER,LAKE and OCEAN,using mainly gazetteers.9If an entity classi?ed by GATE as

ORGANIZATION contained an indication of the or-ganization type,we used this as a subclassi?ca-tion;therefore“Bank of America”is classi?ed as BANK.No further distinctions were developed for the category PERSON.For numeric and times enti-ties we used simple heuristics to classify them fur-ther into DAY,MONTH,YEAR as well as DOLLAR or simply NUMBER.

Disregarding numeric and time entities,our dataset included262possible NE antecedents. Our method recognised216as proper names(82% recall).Of these,202(93%precision)were cor-rectly classi?ed.

Finally,all elements of A were lemmatized. For Example(2),this results in A={person [=Seymour],designer,age}and ana=factor.

3.2Pattern Selection and Query Generation We use the following pattern for other-anaphora:10 (O1)(N1{sg}OR N1{pl})and other N2{pl} For common noun antecedents,we instantiate the pattern by substituting N1with a possible an-tecedent,an element of A,and N2with ana,as normally N1is a hyponym of N2in(O1),and the antecedent is a hyponym of the anaphor.An instantiated pattern for Example(2)is(age OR ages)and other factors(see I c1in Table1).11 For NE antecedents we instantiate(O1)by sub-stituting N1with the NE category of the an-tecedent,and N2with ana.An instantiated pat-tern for Example(4)is(person OR persons) and other shareholders(see I p1in Table1).In this instantiation,N1(“person”)is not a hyponym of N2(“shareholder”),instead N2is a hyponym of N1.This is a consequence of the substitution of the antecedent(“Mr.Pickens”)with its NE category

Table1:Patterns and Instantiations for other-anaphora

common noun(O1):(N1{sg}OR N1{pl}and other N2{pl}I c1:“(age OR ages)and other factors”

P r(Imax ant)=

M ant

number of GOOGLE pages P r(Y ant)=

freq(Y ant)

P r(X ant)P r(Y ant)

We resolve to the antecedent with the highest MI ant.

In both methods,if two antecedents achieve the same score,a recency based tie-breaker chooses the antecedent closest to the anaphor in the text.

3.4Results and Error Analysis

We postulate three categories for classifying the results:(i)correct,when the antecedent selected is the correct one;(ii)lenient,when the antecedent selected refers to the same entity as the correct an-tecedent;(iii)wrong in all other cases.

In Table2,we compare our results with those obtained by the algorithm LEX(Modjeska,2002). Although LEX makes extensive use of WordNet, our algorithm achieves comparable results.

Our algorithm’s mistakes are due to several fac-tors.

NEs.As58(48.3%)out of the total120 anaphors(48.3%)have NE antecedents,NE res-olution is crucial for our algorithm.The low re-call of our NE recognition module has a signif-icant impact on our algorithm’s performance as

Table2:Results for other-anaphora corr505854

len757

it leads to missing instantiations.Moreover,in-correct NE classi?cations yield incorrect instanti-ations,although this problem is not very frequent as the precision of our NE resolution module is relatively high(93%).

Vague Anaphors.Anaphors that are semanti-cally vague,such as“issue”or“problem”,are not informative enough for a purely semantic-oriented method.

Split Antecedents.Our algorithm cannot han-dle split antecedents(6cases in our dataset).In Example(5),the antecedent of“other contract months”is a set of referents consisting of“May”and“July”.

(5)The May contract,which also is without

restraints,ended with a gain of0.45cent

to14.26cents.The July delivery rose

its daily permissible limit of0.50cent a

pound to14.00cent,while other contract

months showed near-limit advances. Our algorithm is not able to distinguish between proper cases of split antecedents(e.g.Exam-ple(5)),where a tie-breaker should not be applied, and cases where two similar entities are mentioned but only one is the actual antecedent.It is normally necessary to resort to sophisticated inference tech-niques to make this distinction.As we always ap-

ply a tie-breaker,examples such as(5)cannot be handled:only“July”(the most recent antecedent) is selected and the result counts as wrong. Pronouns.Our algorithm cannot handle pro-noun antecedents as they are lexically empty.Con-trary to intuition,this does not constitute a signif-icant limitation as only2anaphors in our dataset have pronominal antecedents that refer to an en-tity that is not additionally mentioned by a full NP within the2sentence window.In contrast,in Ex-ample(4),the referent of the pronoun“he”is also mentioned by the full NP“Mr.Pickens”,and the algorithm is able to resolve the anaphor to“Mr. Pickens”,thus yielding a lenient correct result.

4Experiment II:Bridging

For the scope of this paper,a bridging anaphor is a de?nite NP that can be felicitously used only because it refers to an entity which stands in a meronymic relation with an already explicitly in-troduced entity(see Example(1)).

We use the corpus described in(Poesio et al., 2002),restricting ourselves to the examples clas-si?ed as meronymy.Unfortunately,this yields only12examples so that the current experiment is only a very small pilot study to explore the ex-tension of our method to other nominal anaphora. In addition,we pro?t from the a priori knowledge that we are dealing with an instance of meronymy (one of the many relations bridging can express), so that we do not operate in a completely realis-tic scenario.This contrasts with our experiment on other-anaphora,where the modi?er other(to-gether with the absence of a structurally given antecedent)reliably signals the presence of an anaphor and the lexical relations expressed are more constrained.

For each anaphor,all possible NP antecedents in a5-sentence window have been already extracted by Renata Vieira and Massimo Poesio,who also had already deleted NEs from the original dataset. Again,we stripped modi?cation so that only the heads of possible antecedents and of the anaphors were used.

Meronymy is often explicitly expressed by the following patterns:

(B1)(N1{sg}OR N1{pl})of(a OR an OR the OR each OR every OR any)*N2{sg}

Table3:Results for bridging

corr738

(B2)N1{pl}of(the OR all)*N2{pl}

We instantiate both patterns by equating N1 with the anaphor and N2with the antecedent.In Example(1)the instantiations for the antecedent “apartment”are(floor OR floors)of(a OR an OR the OR each OR every OR any)* apartment and floors of(the OR all)* apartments.

For each antecedent ant we obtain the raw fre-quencies of all instantiations it occurs in from the Web.We then compute the maximum M ant over these frequencies and select the antecedent with the highest M ant as the correct one.We will use mutual information for bridging on a larger dataset.

Table3compares our results with those ob-tained by the algorithms used in(Poesio et al., 2002),of which one relies on WordNet and the other on knowledge a priori extracted from a parsed version of the BNC.

In this preliminary study,our results outper-form the Wordnet method and are comparable to those obtained from corpus-based knowledge ex-traction,although we do not linguistically process the web pages returned by our search.

5Related Work

Most of the current resolution algorithms for non-pronominal anaphora make heavy use of hand-crafted ontologies.The COCKTAIL system for coreference resolution(Harabagiu and Maiorano, 1999)combines sortal constraints and concep-tual glosses from WordNet with co-occurence in-formation from a treebank.(Vieira and Poesio, 2000)’s system for de?nite descriptions(covering, inter alia,coreference and bridging)also makes use of WordNet,as well as handcrafted constraints and consistency checks.LEX,a resolution al-gorithm developed for other-anaphors(Modjeska, 2002),employs lexical information from WordNet

and heuristics for resolving anaphora with NE an-tecedents,presupposing they have previously been classi?ed into MUC-7categories.12All these ap-proaches suffer from the shortcomings that we outlined in Section1.

In contrast,we do not use any external hand-crafted knowledge.In addition,we use only shal-low search patterns and do not process the pages that GOOGLE returns in any way.13We achieve results comparable to knowledge-or processing-intensive methods.Moreover,we only com-pare the likelihood of several given antecedents to cooccur in a given pattern with a given anaphor in-stead of assuming context-independent lexical re-lations.Thus,we can resolve anaphor/antecedent relations that might or should not be included in a lexical hierarchy(e.g.risk factor/age).

Our results con?rm results by(Keller et al., 2002)and(Grefenstette,1999),who use the Web successfully for other NLP applications(for an overview of successful usage of the Web in NLP, see(Keller et al.,2002)).In line with these re-sults,ours also show that the large amount of data available on the Web overcomes its intrinsic noise as well as the lack of linguistic processing.To our knowledge,ours is the?rst attempt to tackle anaphora resolution using the Web.

6Contributions and Future Work

We have proposed a novel method for non-pronominal anaphora resolution,using simple Web searches with shallow linguistic patterns.We show that the large amount of data available on the Web makes anaphora resolution without hand-crafted lexical knowledge feasible.

In particular,we have described two experi-ments carried out on two different anaphoric phe-nomena,namely other-anaphora and bridging.Ex-ploiting free text achieves results comparable to those obtained when using rich and structured handcrafted resources.

Given the shallow techniques used and the state-of-the-art results obtained,our method is promis-

Sanda Harabagiu and Steven Maiorano.1999.

Knowledge-lean coreference resolution and its rela-tion to textual cohesion and coherence.In Proc.of the ACL-99Workshop on the Relation of Discourse and Dialogue Structure and Reference,pages29–38. Marti Hearst.1992.Automatic acquisition of hy-ponyms from large text corpora.In Proc.of COLING-92.

Frank Keller,Maria Lapata,and Olga Ourioupina.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,ing the Web to overcome data sparseness.

In Proc.of EMNLP-02,pages230–237.

Natalia N.Modjeska.2002.Lexical and grammati-cal role constraints in resolving other-anaphora.In Proc.of DAARC-02.

Vincent Ng and Claire Cardie.2002.Improving ma-chine learning approaches to coreference resolution.

In Proc.of ACL-02,pages104–111.

Massimo Poesio,Tomonori Ishikawa,Sabine Schulte im Walde,and Renata Viera.2002.

Acquiring lexical knowledge for anaphora resolu-tion.In Proc.of LREC-02,pages1220-1224. Michael Strube and Udo Hahn.1999.Functional centering—grounding referential coherence in information https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,putational Lingustics, 25(3):309–344.

Renata Vieira and Massimo Poesio.2000.An empirically-based system for processing de?nite https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,putational Linguistics,26(4).

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2017年中国木材市场行情分析 中投顾问发布的《2017-2021年中国木材加工行业投资分析及前景预测报告》指出,受市场放量推动,2017年3月份木材市场走出了一波喜人的春季行情,尤其是权重版块的快速走货,让木材市场的恐慌氛围有所缓解。根据中国木材价格指数网监测数据显示,本月木材综合指数月指数报点,月环比涨点,涨幅%。交易额较上月增加%。三大市场盘面表现一般,其中广东鱼珠月指数报点,月环比涨%,涨幅居首;上海福人月指数报点,月环比涨%;四川大西南月指数报点,月环比跌%。 不过在量能方面,三大市场却有着不一般的表现,本月广东鱼珠、上海福人、四川大西南月销量分别上涨了%、%、%。其中权重板块的大幅放量成为了市场关注焦点。根据中国木材价格指数网监测数据显示,本月红木、原木、锯材、人造板、地板全月销量分别增加了%、%、%、%、%。不过需要注意的是,虽然月销量增幅明显,但春节假期休市也是3月份销量环比大幅增加的重要原因。

图表2017年中国木材价格指数涨跌表 数据来源:中国木材价格指数网(2017年3月)

图表2015-2017年中国木材价格指数月走势图 数据来源:中国木材价格指数网 (一)3月中国木材价格指数走势分析 1、红木市场:节气阴影退却,红木市场量价齐升引关注 没有只跌不涨的市场,在逐渐褪去春节假期阴影之后,3月份中国红木市场量价齐升的反弹走势引起了业内人士广泛关注。本月红木分类指数月指数报点,月环比涨点,涨幅%。交易额较上月环比增加%。 中投顾问发布的《2017-2021年中国木材加工行业投资分析及前景预测报告》指出,三大市场均有出色表现,其中广东鱼珠红木分类指数月指数报点,月环比涨%,交易额较上月翻了番,成为大盘上涨的核心动力。上海福人本月指数报点,月环比涨%,月交易额环比增加%;四川大西南月指数报点,月环比涨%,月交易额环比增加%。 盘面观察,在收获量能的同时,本月红木各代表材种也呈现出动荡走势,本月广东鱼珠市场大果紫檀、微凹黄檀领涨大盘,价格指数分别上涨%、7%,成交均价为20400元/吨、34000元/吨,较上月分别上涨2000元/吨、3000元/吨。另外,阔叶黄檀本月价格也呈现了明显涨势,尤其是上海市场,本月上海福人阔叶黄檀价格指数报点,月环比涨%,涨幅居首。虽然当前不少木材商已经在源头积极寻找货源,但由于出口管制严格,再加上到港周期较长,本月国内市场阔叶黄檀新货入市量较小,整体货源还出较为紧张态势。 而刺猬紫檀在买涨不买跌的情绪影响下,本月价格继续回调,本月广东鱼珠刺猬紫檀月指数报点,月环比跌%。 交趾黄檀本月上海福人价格指数报点,月环比涨%,成交价为112800元/吨;广东鱼珠价格指数报点,月环比涨%,成交价为124000元/吨,市场有价无市特征明显。

【WebService】接口的测试方法

【WebService】接口的测试方法 有以下多种方式: 一、通过WSCaller.jar工具进行测试: 前提:知道wsdl的url。 wsCaller可执行程序的发布方式为一个wsCaller.jar包,不包含Java运行环境。你可以把wsCaller.jar复制到任何安装了Java运行环境(要求安装JRE/JDK 1.3.1或更高版本)的计算机中,用以下命令运行wsCaller: java -jar wsCaller.jar 使用wsCaller软件的方法非常简单,下面是wsCaller的主界面: 首先在WSDL Location输入框中输入你想调用或想测试的Web Service的WSDL位置,如“https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/axis/services/StockQuoteService?wsdl”,然后点“Find”按钮。wsCaller就会检查你输入的URL地址,并获取Web Service的WSDL信息。如果信息获取成功,wsCaller会在Service和Operation下拉列表框中列出该位置提供的Web Service服务和服务中的所有可调用的方法。你可以在列表框中选择你要调用或测试的方法名称,选定后,wsCaller窗口中间的参数列表框就会列出该方法的所有参数,包括每个参数的名

称、类型和参数值的输入框(只对[IN]或[IN, OUT]型的参数提供输入框)。你可以输入每个参数的取值。如下图: 这时,如果你想调用该方法并查看其结果的话,只要点下面的“Invoke”按钮就可以了。如果你想测试该方法的执行时间,则可以在“Invoke Times”框中指定重复调用的次数,然后再按“Invoke”按钮。wsCaller会自动调用你指定的方法,如果调用成功,wsCaller会显示结果对话框,其中包括调用该方法所花的总时间,每次调用的平均时间和该方法的返回值(包括返回值和所有输出型的参数)。如下图:

ESB部署WebService接口(统一用户和待办)

1 统一待办(WebService方式) 1.1 概述 门户系统做为用户访问各集成应用系统的统一入口,用户访问企业内部信息资源时只需要登录到门户系统,就可使用门户系统集成的各个应用,而待办做为各系统中用户需要处理的工作,门户系统需要提供收集建投内部应用系统中产生的待办信息,并且进行统一展现的功能,即统一待办功能。 统一待办应用业务涉及到的系统其中包括本期门户系统建设过程中所需集成的OA、WCM、EAM系统。 为保证门户系统接入各应用系统待办信息的规范性,现就各应用系统接入实现做统一要求,以确保门户系统统一待办功能实现的规范性、重用性及安全性。不满足本技术方案提供的接入规则的相关应用系统,应参考本文档完成对应用系统改造后方可进行门户系统统一待办接入工作。 统一待办实现共分为以下部分: 系统待办信息获取 系统待办信息展示 系统待办信息处理 1.2 待办信息获取 设计思路:应用系统通过门户系统提供的webservice接口向门户系统统一待办系统库写入代表信息,如下图

数据获取设计示意图 步骤如下: 1.应用系统需获得最新的待办信息。 2.应用系统通过门户接口,将获得的最新待办信息发送到门户系统。 3.统一待办系统将应用系统提供的待办信息展示给用户。 4.应用系统通过调用集成接口后获得信息,可以判断发送信息操作是否正常。 1.3 待办信息展示 设计思路:应用系统将最新的待办信息发送到统一待办系统中,并最终展示到门户首页上的待办栏目上,如下图 用户 待办栏目页面 待办集中展示设计示意图 场景如下:

在所有的待办类标题前加上”请办理”,待阅类标题前加上”请审阅”。此外,如果信息是未办或者未阅,用红色表示 1.4 待办信息处理 设计思路:用户点击门户系统上“待办栏目”里的一条待办时,弹出一个新页面,首先同应用系统实现SSO,然后跳转到应用系统的待办页面,完成待办处理后,由应用系统调用门户接口通知门户系统,并关闭弹出的待办处理页面,门户系统负责即时刷新门户待办页。如下图: 待办信息集中处理设计示意图

WebService接口代码样例说明

WS接口代码样例 Java代码调用样例 参见WSTest_for_Java.rar附件,该附件为Eclipse工程代码。接口调用参见https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,info.smsmonitor.Test C代码调用样例 参见WSTest_for_c.tar附件,该附件为标准C工程代码。 附录 Webservice消息发送接口报文样例: TaskID-003761653 8613301261178 106557503 1 This is test message 1 00:00-23:59

常用的webservice接口

商业和贸易: 1、股票行情数据WEB 服务(支持香港、深圳、上海基金、债券和股票;支持多股票同时查询) Endpoint:https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/WebServices/StockInfoWS.asmx Disco:https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/WebServices/StockInfoWS.asmx?disco WSDL:https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/WebServices/StockInfoWS.asmx?wsdl 支持香港股票、深圳、上海封闭式基金、债券和股票;支持多股票同时查询。数据即时更新。此中国股票行情数据WEB 服务仅作为用户获取信息之目的,并不构成投资建议。支持使用| 符号分割的多股票查询。 2、中国开放式基金数据WEB 服务 Endpoint:https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/WebServices/ChinaOpenFundWS.asmx Disco:https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/WebServices/ChinaOpenFundWS.asmx?disco WSDL:https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/WebServices/ChinaOpenFundWS.asmx?wsdl 中国开放式基金数据WEB 服务,数据每天15:30以后及时更新。输出数据包括:证券代码、证券简称、单位净值、累计单位净值、前单位净值、净值涨跌额、净值增长率(%)、净值日期。只有商业用户可获得此中国开放式基金数据Web Services的全部功能,若有需要测试、开发和使用请QQ:8698053 或联系我们 3、中国股票行情分时走势预览缩略图WEB 服务 Endpoint: https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/webservices/ChinaStockSmallImageWS.asmx Disco: https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/webservices/ChinaStockSmallImageWS.asmx?disco WSDL: https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/webservices/ChinaStockSmallImageWS.asmx?wsdl 中国股票行情分时走势预览缩略图WEB 服务(支持深圳和上海股市的全部基金、债券和股票),数据即时更新。返回数据:2种大小可选择的股票GIF分时走势预览缩略图字节数组和直接输出该预览缩略图。 4、外汇-人民币即时报价WEB 服务 Endpoint: https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/WebServices/ForexRmbRateWebService.asmx Disco:https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/WebServices/ForexRmbRateWebService.asmx?disco

webservice接口开发

Microsoft .NET体系结构中非常强调Web Service,构建Web Service接口对.NET Framework开发工具有很大的吸引力,因此很多讲建立Web Service机制的文章都是使用.NET Framework开发工具的。 在这篇文章中我们将谈论下面几个方面的问题 1、客户端怎样和Web Service通信的 2、使用已存在的Web Service创建代理对象 3、创建客户端。这包括: Web 浏览器客户端 Windows应用程序客户端 WAP客户端 最好的学习方法是建立一个基于真实世界的实例。我们将使用一个已存在的Web Service,这个Web Service从纳斯达克获得股票价格,客户端有一个简单的接口,该接口的外观和感觉集中了建立接口的多数语句。 客户端描述 三种客户端都接受客户输入的同一股票代码,如果请求成功,将显示公司名和股票价格,如果代码不可用,将显示一个错误信息。客户端都设置有"Get Quote" 和"Reset"按钮以初始化用户的请求。 开发中的注意事项 我使用visual https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,作为我的集成开发环境,beta版没有结合.NET Mobile Web,因此,我们需要使用文本编辑器创建wap客户端,下一个版本的visual https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html, 将整合入.NET Mobile Web 。 客户端怎样与Web Service通讯 我们先复习一下Web Service的功能,在我得上一篇文章中曾展示一幅图(如图一),a点的用户将通过Internet执行远程调用调用b点web 服务器上的东西,这次通讯由SOAP和HTTP完成。

webservice接口文档

软件项目文档 无线条码库存管理系统 数据库设计报告 版本:<1.0>

版本历史

目录 1文档介绍 (4) 1.1 文档目的 (4) 1.2 文档范围 (4) 1.3 读者对象 (4) 1.4 参考文献 (4) 1.5 术语与缩写解释 (4) 2数据库环境说明 (4) 3数据库的命名规则 (4) 4逻辑设计............................................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。5物理设计.. (4) 5.0 表汇总......................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 5.1 表A ............................................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。 5.n 表N ............................................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。6存储过程、函数、触发器设计........................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。7安全性设计........................................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。 7.1 防止用户直接操作数据库的方法............................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。 7.2 用户帐号密码的加密方法......................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。 7.3 角色与权限................................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。8优化.................................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。9数据库管理与维护说明.................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

WebService接口实例说明文档

WebService接口说明文档 文档说明 本文档主要讲述如何用CSharp创建一个简单的WebService接口,并使用Java调用这个WebService接口。 准备工作 系统环境:安装JDK1.6或更新版本 开发工具:Microsoft Visual Studio2012、MyEclipse10.5、axis2-1.6.2 C Sharp服务端 1.首先,创建一个Web Service项目。依次点击:文件—新建—项目,在弹出的新建项目窗口中选择 Web下的https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html, 空 Web应用程序。如下图: 2.接下来我们需要创建我们的WebService接口实现文件。鼠标右击我们的项目,依次点击:添加—新 建项,在弹出窗口中选择Web服务。可修改新建项的文件名,注意文件名后缀后.asmx。如下图:

新建完成后我们的项目结构如下: 3.打开我们新建的MyService.asmx下的MyService.asmx.cs文件,可以看到其中已经有默认的 HelloWorld方法。

我们可以直接运行查看下运行的效果,效果如下图: 点击HelloWorld,再点击调用可以看到页面返回:

4.接下来我们完善我们的WebService接口功能。主要对WebService接口进行参数类型的测试,文本型、 布尔型、数值型、类(Class)等。 新增Add()等运算方法: 新增strcat()连接字符串方法: 新增GetBool()返回布尔值方法: 新增GetTest()返回测试类,并新增Test类 运行我们的项目,可以看到我们的结果如下图:

点击add方法测试: 输入add的参数i和j点击调用按钮,可以看到返回计算结果: 5.到此为止我们C Sharp创建的WebService程序完成。接下来看Java如何调用我们的WebService接口。

webservice数据传输系统设计说明书

X X X学院毕业 毕业设计 . 题目: _______ Web Service数据传输 系别:_____________ ______________ 专业:______________ ___________班级:_______________________ __姓名:___________________ ________指导老师:______________________ _____________

数据传输项目需求分析 1 系统概述 (2) 系统简介 (2) 系统功能简介 (2) 系统用户角色 (2) 2 系统假设 (3) 3 串口通信技术 (3) 串口通信的定义 (3) 串口通信与项目之间的联系 (3) 4 服务器与服务器之间的数据传输 (3) Web Service技术和数据库复制技术之间的优缺点 (3) Web Service技术和数据库复制技术之间的对比 (4) Web Service 技术和数据库复制技术的选择 (4) 5 分析和总结 (4) 6 文档历史 (5) 1 系统概述 系统简介 该系统主要是为了实现太阳神有限公司的数据交换传递。 系统功能简介 异构平台间的互通功能;数据备份功能。 系统用户角色 系统管理员:添加、删除普通管理员 普通管理员:可以查看数据库的数据;整理数据集合

2 系统假设 1)假定各公司设备完整,该系统开发时间和经费充足。 2)公司无其他新的功能要求; 3 串口通信技术 串口通信的定义 串口通信是指外设和计算机间,通过数据信号线、地线、控制线等,按位进行传输数据的一种通讯方式。现在比较普遍的串口通信是两个基于RS-232的串口之间的通信。 串口通信与项目之间的联系 串口通信是串口按位(bit)发送和接收字节。尽管比按字节(byte)的并行通信慢,但是串口可以在使用一根线发送数据的同时用另一根线接收数据。它很简单并且能够实现较远距离通信。所以非常适合该项目单片机把数据传输到电脑上,也可以通过电脑把要执行的指令传输到单片机上。 4 Web Service技术和数据库复制技术 Web Service技术和数据库复制技术之间的优缺点 Web Service技术和数据库复制技术之间的对比

webservice接口实现过程

说明:该文档以电子路演系统与ECM的WebService集成为例 创建服务端 一、搭建测试环境 1 新建web工程OARSInterface,引入jar包 将“E:\zhaodongmei\ECM\OARSandECM\IntegrationInterfaceCode\测试代码\WebService\WebJarFiles”目录下的jar包引入。 引入的具体jar包如下:activation.jar;apache_soap-2_3_1.jar;axis.jar;axis-ant.jar;CEOperterMonitor.jar;CEService_IIOP.jar;commons-collections-3.2.jar;commons-discovery-0.2.jar;commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar;commons-io-1.3.2.jar;commons-logging-1.0.4.jar;dom4j-1.6.1.jar;dom4j-1.6.1.jar;jaxen-1.1.1.jar;jaxrpc.jar;log4j-1.2.8.jar;mail.jar;saaj.jar;wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar。其中可选包(发布服务及生成客户端程序是要用到的):activation.jar;mail.jar。 2 配置web.xml文件 参照E:\zhaodongmei\ECM\OARSandECM\IntegrationInterfaceCode\测试代码\WebService\客户端测试项目\OARSTest\WebRoot\WEB-INF\ web.xml进行配置,不需要进行修改 二、接口开发 在开发之前,我们先介绍与接口实现相关的两个jar包:CEOperterMonitor.jar和CEService_IIOP.jar。 CEOperterMonitor.jar:实现的是对接口操作的监控。当电子路演系统调用我们的接口进行上传、下载、修改和删除操作时,可以在监控系统的数据库中查看到相关的操作记录。CEService_IIOP.jar:主要的功能是提供对文件夹或文件进行操作的各个接口供本文档中接口的开发时调用。当该jar包中的函数不能满足开发的需要时,可以对该jar包进行修改,即重写某些方法。 1 编写服务端程序src/services.OARSService/ OARSService.java 在该Java类中实现了10个方法:OARSService();getProperties(String filename);uploadRSFile( DataHandler file,Map parms);deleteRSFile(String documentId);downloadRSFile(String documentId);updateFileProperyAndPermission(DataHandler xmlFile);getParams(List affixfilebeanList);writeXML(DataHandler xmlFile);createFolder(String folderPath);main(String[] args) 下面分别介绍这些函数的功能: ①OARSService():构造函数,主要实现的功能是从OARS.config中取得参数值。并在

WebService接口配置说明

WebService接口说明 Ver 1.0 四川恒光科技信息有限公司 2006.5

一、调用地址 http://61.236.127.167/sms/smsservice.asmx?wsdl 二、接口定义 1.SendSMS 发送短信 a.定义 public SendResult SendSMS(string Username, string Password, string Content, string Numbers) b. c.返回值 public class SendResult { ///

/// 发送状态(0:成功;-102:余额不足;-201:用户名/密码错误) /// public int State; /// /// 短信编号 /// public string SID; } 2.QuerySMS 查询短信发送状态 a.定义 public QueryResult QuerySMS(string Username, string Password, string SID) b.参数 c. public class QueryResult { /// /// 查询状态(0:成功;-201:用户名/密码错误;-203:编号错误) /// public int QueryState; ///

/// 发送总数 ///

public int Total; /// /// 成功数 /// public int Success; /// /// 发送状态 /// public int SendState; /// /// 内容 /// public string Content; /// /// 失败号码 /// public string[] FailedNum; } 3.QueryRest 查询余额 a.定义 public RestResult QueryRest(string Username, string Password) b.参数 c.返回值 public class RestResult { /// /// 状态(0:成功;-201:用户名/密码错误) /// public int State; /// /// 余额 /// public int Count; } 4.ChangePwd 修改密码 a.定义 public int ChangePwd(string Username, string OldPwd, string NewPwd) b.参数

用Java调用C# 的WebService接口

用Java调用C# 的WebService接口 这是一个用Java调用C#版WebService接口的例子: C#接口: using System; using System.Web; using System.Web.Services; using System.Web.Services.Protocols; using System.Web.Services.Description; [WebService(Namespace = " https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/ " )] [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)] public class Service : System.Web.Services.WebService { public Service () ... { // 如果使用设计的组件,请取消注释以下行 // InitializeComponent(); } [SoapRpcMethod(Action = " https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/Add " , RequestNamespace = " https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/T " , ResponseNamespace = " https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/T " , Use = SoapBindingUse.Literal)] [WebMethod] public int Add( int a, int b) ... { return a + b; }

[SoapRpcMethod(Action = " https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/Hello " , RequestNamespace = " https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/T " , ResponseNamespace = " https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/T " , Use = SoapBindingUse.Literal)] [WebMethod] public String HelloWorld() ... { return " Hello, world! " ; } } ... Java调用这个Webservice中的Add方法和HelloWorld方法: 1.有参方法:Add public static void addTest() { try ... { Integer i = 1 ; Integer j = 2 ; // WebService URL String service_url = " http://localhost:4079/ws/Service.asmx " ; Service service = new Service(); Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); call.setTargetEndpointAddress( new https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,.URL(service_url)); // 设置要调用的方法 call.setOperationName( new QName( " https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/T " , " Add " )); // 该方法需要的参数 call.addParameter( " a " , org.apache.axis.encoding.XMLType.XSD_INT, javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);

自定义webservice步骤和一些常用的webservice接口

webservice的发布: 1、新建项目https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html, web应用程序工程,名字自拟 2、在新建的项目中添加一个类,名字自拟,用来操作数据库,进行目标数据库的增删改查

注:连接本地数据库的字符串为private String ConServerStr = @"Data Source=xzh-pc\sqlexpress;database=qisou;uid=qisou;pwd=qisou" 连接本地数据库的类可以为 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace StockManageWebservice { ///

///一个操作数据库的类,所有对sqlservice的操作都写在这个类中,使用时实例化一个然后调用即可 /// publicclass DBOperation : IDisposable { publicstatic SqlConnection sqlCon;//用于连接数据库 private String ConServerStr = @"Data Source=xzh-pc\sqlexpress;database=qisou;uid=qisou;pwd=qisou"; //默认构造函数 public DBOperation() { if (sqlCon == null)

{ sqlCon = new SqlConnection(); sqlCon.ConnectionString = ConServerStr; sqlCon.Open(); } } //关闭销毁数据库,相当于close() publicvoid Dispose() { if (sqlCon != null) { sqlCon.Close(); sqlCon = null; } } ///

///获取所有用户 /// /// public List selectAllUser() { List list = new List(); try { String sql = "select * from T_User"; SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, sqlCon); SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); while (reader.Read()) { //将结果集信息添加到返回向量中 list.Add(reader[0].ToString()); list.Add(reader[1].ToString()); list.Add(reader[2].ToString()); //list.Add(reader[3].ToString()); list.Add(reader[4].ToString()); list.Add(reader[5].ToString()); list.Add(reader[6].ToString()); list.Add(reader[7].ToString());

定性检测webservice接口说明V1.0.0(1)

浙江省农贸市场信息化综合管理平台 浙江浙大网新中研软件有限公司 2012-11-28 https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e17386943.html,/

一、查询接口说明 1、定性检测信息上传接口 参数:HashMap 二、接口调用方法 访问地址:http://183.129.215.106:7011/zjnmWebService/services/sc?wsdl 事例说明: public static void main(String[] args) { scClient client = new scClient(); scPortType service = client.getscHttpPort(); AnyType2AnyTypeMap hashMap = new AnyType2AnyTypeMap(); hashMap.entry = new ArrayList();

Entry scnbxhEntry = new Entry(); scnbxhEntry.setKey("scnbxh"); scnbxhEntry.setValue("3301060000000036"); hashMap.entry.add(scnbxhEntry); Entry deptidEntry = new Entry(); deptidEntry.setKey("deptid"); deptidEntry.setValue("3301060000000036"); hashMap.entry.add(deptidEntry); Entry jcdwidEntry = new Entry(); jcdwidEntry.setKey("jcdwid"); jcdwidEntry.setValue("33010600000000361"); hashMap.entry.add(jcdwidEntry); Entry sccjidEntry = new Entry(); sccjidEntry.setKey("sccjid"); sccjidEntry.setValue("00000000000001010832"); hashMap.entry.add(sccjidEntry); Entry usernameEntry = new Entry(); usernameEntry.setKey("username"); usernameEntry.setValue("hzgdnmsc"); hashMap.entry.add(usernameEntry); Entry jcyhpwdEntry = new Entry(); jcyhpwdEntry.setKey("jcyhpwd"); jcyhpwdEntry.setValue("1"); hashMap.entry.add(jcyhpwdEntry); Entry spidEntry = new Entry(); spidEntry.setKey("spid"); spidEntry.setValue("04009005"); hashMap.entry.add(spidEntry); Entry jcxmEntry = new Entry(); jcxmEntry.setKey("jcxm"); jcxmEntry.setValue("022012"); hashMap.entry.add(jcxmEntry); Entry jcrqEntry = new Entry(); jcrqEntry.setKey("jcrq"); jcrqEntry.setValue("2012-11-29"); hashMap.entry.add(jcrqEntry);

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