TEST 1
一、介词
1. Essential equipment to enable a child to participate in a group may be provided and opportunities for training may be shared.
2. When employees participated in the problem-solving process, they were much more willing to implement solutions to the problems.
3. Anyone traveling without a passport runs the risk of being arrested.
4. Rather than running the risks of using harmful pesticides (杀虫剂) in your garden, try using natural methods of pest (害虫) control.
5. If the partners have agreed to work together and play to each other's strengths, the same is likely to be true of their customers.
6. Mr. Bush's father paid dearly for breaking his promise and raising taxes, so Mr. Bush must deliver something.
7. Most drugs offer either no real improvement or, at best, only moderate improvements.
8. The technique is at best ineffective and at worst dangerous.
9. My husband created a lot of problems for me so that I ended up bankrupt due to his gambling habits as well as ruining my career.
10. Nancy had sat up with him all night and was with him when he passed away.
11. He came upon a family of lions—a big male, a beautiful female, and two half grown cubs (幼兽).
12. She objects to the tests the Government's advisers have devised because they constrict (限制) her teaching style.
13. Local corner shops object to seeing their more expensive personal service undermined by cut-price supermarket-style selling.
14. Some parents are accused of being careless with their children's health.
15. It became difficult to promote conventional ideas of excellence without being instantly accused of elitism (精英统治).
16. He lost his job and entered risky business ventures and eventually ended up bankrupt.
17. Managers are also accused of paying themselves excessively high salaries.
18. They would remain true to their old friend no matter what happened.
19. Don't worry about him; maybe he's trying to cool off out there in the rain.
20. We were told that inspectors were appointed to enquire into the affairs of the company.
21. When he heard these words, Shawn felt his inner doubts about her ability melt away.
22. As a player, you could always shrug off defeats or deflect (转移) blame because you were part of the team, but you can't do that as a coach.
23. I offered my thanks to Oliver, and even suggested some debt restructuring by way of gratitude, but he just shrugged it off .
二、词汇结构
1. I will hold your note until Christmas Day, _______ you certainly will have received your allowance.
C. by which time
2. The Prime Minister commanded that farmers ________ loans from the government.
D. should receive
3. They packed the instruments carefully ____ they would be broken during transportation.
C. for fear that
4. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim ________.
B. may be seriously doubted
5. ______ hostels (客栈) may not offer the most comfortable quarters, they are convenient, inexpensive, and attractive to traveling students and young people.
B. While
6. When he hurried to the airport, he found, to his great disappointment, his ticket and passport ________ at home.
D. had been left
7. Were the wire of a smaller diameter (直径), its resistance ________.
D. would be increased
8. He always prefers to start early rather than ________ everything to the last minute.
A. leave
9. Frank was advised to give the assignment to ________ he believed had a strong sense of responsibility.
B. whoever
10. Almost all the countries in the world hoped that the warring sides would ________ a compromise.
B. effect
11. Our talk was completely ________out by the roar of the machines. As a result, we had to communicate with gestures.
D. drowned
12. She was arrested for ______ state secrets to a foreign reporter in return for her son going abroad.
B. giving away
13. Can you ______ furnishing your house luxuriously at a time when the company is losing so much money?
C. justify
14. There _______ new problems in respect of the relationship between the two countries in recent years.
D. arose
15. The professor kept speaking about his new discovery in the field, only ____ occasionally to have a mouthful of tea.
B. breaking off
16. His health ________ as he ate too little and worked too hard for months on end.
C. broke down
17. After the meeting the workers went back to their ________ workshops.
B. respective
18. The theory of class currently prevailing in the West is _____ based on what Max Weber, a German sociologist, proposed.
D. largely
19. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any ________ of it at all.
D. sense
20. No one in the class could ________ the right answer to the question.
B. furnish
21. The dentist could ________ no signs of decay in my teeth.
D. detect
22. He made no ________ to his illness till after the lesson.
C. reference
23. The pilot of the plane is ________ for the passengers' safety.
B. responsible
TEST 2
一、介词
1. He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet.
2. I told the kids a story, making it up as I went along.
3. The most unlikely objects found their way into his design and look absolutely right where he placed them.
4. More people than ever before are running for the city council.
5. We'll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on the issue.
6. He had his wife spied on for evidence in a divorce case.
7. Women officers make up 13 percent of the police force.
8. The two countries can finally start negotiating in earnest about issues of mutual concern.
9. Only people that use a kitchen all the time understand the best way to lay it out .
10. The report about conditions in the country corresponds with our experience, so we believe the report is true.
11. Have you decided which party you will vote for?
12. After reading, he felt like going for a walk.
13. The refugees, dressed in rags, hid themselves in the shade behind the buildings, where relief teams distributed what little food there was.
14. Anyone booking tickets in advance can buy tickets at half-price.
15. The marketing director, in contrast, replied with delight that an enormous marketing opportunity for shoes existed, because the entire population were potential customers.
二、词汇结构
1. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________ here for two days.
A. will have stayed
2. According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have the longest life ________: 77.2 years.
C. span
3. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ________ all practical value by the time they were finished.
C. would have lost
4. As a public relations officer, he is said ________ some very influential people.
D. to have known
5. Our hopes ________ and fell in the same instant.
B. raised
6. With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers ________ before their time.
C. bloomed
7. A season ticket _______the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time.
A. entitles
8. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ________ developing the students' productive skills.
D. on
9. Only a selected number of landladies in the neighborhood have been allowed by the university to take in ________.
C. settlers
10. Purchasing the new production line will be a ________ deal for the company.
D. profitable
11. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ________ it means standing in a queue all night.
C. provided
12. Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak ________ Chinese.
B. smooth
13. If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
B. is completed
14. The older New England villages have changed relatively little ________ a gas station or two in recent decades.
A. except for
15. Extensive reporting on television has helped to ________ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.
C. yield
16. He was punished ________ he should make the same mistake again.
D. lest
17. All the tasks ________ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.
C. were fulfilled
18. Elliot followed his friend to her own club where everyone treats him as if he ________ the president.
A. were
19. Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbor was ________ dangerous an undertaking ________ be scarcely believable.
A. so... as to
20. In the old days people only had a ________ idea of what other countries were like.
C. rough
21. The fire was finally brought under control, but not ________ extensive damage had been
done.
A. before
22. We hadn't met for 20 years, but I recognized her ________ I saw her.
A. the moment
23. Government reports, examinations, compositions, legal documents, and most business letters are the main situations ________ formal language is used.
A. in which
24. Fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun ________ sightseeing.
C. other than going
25. The president promised to keep all the board members ________ of how the negotiations were going on.
D. informed
26. Eating too much fat can ________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
B. attend to
27. This is a group of six boys ________ 14 to 17.
A. aged
三、阅读理解
The US military has blocked public access to nearly all its web sites after its servers were attacked by a new computer virus.
Late last week, the US Space Command, which provides security for military computers, instructed all military organizations to block public access after a number of sites had contracted the virus, called the "Code Red" bug, according to an official.
The virus is known as a "denial of service" bug, because it replicates (自我复制) itself by reading the data files on a network server and sending copies to other servers—thereby multiplying and sometimes crashing a system—and denying access to legitimate (合法的) users of the site.
"The Code Red worm did in fact show up in some DoD (Department of Defense) web sites and we're working to contain that," Command Spokesman Army Maj. Barry Venable said. "Ways we're going about that include blocking public access to the Web sites, because that's the way this worm works, to prevent it from using our networks to propagate (繁殖) itself."
The virus exploits a security flaw (缺陷) in certain Microsoft network servers. The flaw was announced last month when a patch was released to fix it.
"To protect our DoD web sites from being compromised, DoD organizations have been told to review the status of the Internet information servers... to make sure that all the patches that were previously installed had been installed," says Venable.
Only a handful of the major Defense Department sites, with the suffix ".mil," appear currently accessible to the public, including the central public affairs site DefenseLink and the military services' main homepages. Public access is blocked to information connected to those sites, and others such as the National Missile Defense site and the US Air Force's European site. Registered Department of Defense personnel continue to have access to the sites, Venable said.
1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
D. Protect DoD Web Sites Against Viruses.
2. The word "contracted" (Para.2) most probably means ________.
B. get an illness
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Code Red worm?
C. It's included in a patch released by Microsoft.
4. Public access is blocked to most DoD web sites so that ________.
A. the Code Red worm can't use the web site to replicates itself and send copies
5. Which of the following is NOT a measure taken by DoD to fight against the Code Red worm?
B. Shutting down e-mail.
For an increasing number of students at American universities, old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs. Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span means that the nation's elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses serious questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. "In addition to the doctors, we're going to need more sociologists, biologists (生物学家), city planners and specialized lawyers," says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California's (USC) School of Gerontology (老年学).
Lawyers can specialize in "elder law", which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination (歧视). Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. "Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money," one professor says.
Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was "really bored with bacteria". So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, "I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying."
6. The words "... old is suddenly in" (Para. 1) most probably means "_______".
B. gerontology has suddenly become popular
7. With the aging of America, lawyers can benefit _______.
A. from the adoption of the "elder law"
8. Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?
C. The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power.
9. Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?
D. Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology.
10. It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America's elderly population ________.
A. will provide good job opportunities in many areas
The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.
The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.
But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. "The thought that 'I'm in it for me' has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness," Ms. Elshtain says.
Some of this can be attributed to the decay of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples
working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.
In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the US. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.
The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent "golden age," Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful (一厢情愿的) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor a decrease in prejudice.
Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. "Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can't be bought."
11. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans ________.
D. are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards
12. The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ________.
B. the self-centeredness of individuals
13. Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?
C. Concern for one's neighbors.
14. In the 1950s, classroom violence ________. A. was something unheard of
15. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ________.
D. if less emphasis is laid on material things
TEST 3
一、介词
1. The case is being looked into ; when we have anything to report we'll write to them.
2. Many a large and important business has been built up from small beginnings.
3. What information they do have is often inaccurate and loaded with unreal expectations.
4. He was convicted of carrying an offensive weapon and got a 28-day suspended sentence and
a heavy fine.
5. She was excited to see her grandfather and uncle, running to hold up her face for a kiss.
6. You got the date wrong when you were filling in the check.
7. The search for efficiency and cost-cutting has resulted in greater centralization.
8. Mother is much better now, thank you. She's able to get around a bit more.
9. This is certainly true, but this explanation can hardly account for the economic disaster the country is facing now.
10. Over time, age and reality will catch up with the dreams but the search for an opportunity to let the potential emerge is endless.
11. The country went through a chaotic period of social and economic transformation: a boom in canal and railway building, in the steel industry, in banking, engineering, scientific research and political thinking.
12. What he argued does not immediately lend itself to action on the part of the adviser.
13. Plenty of mysteries have lasted for centuries and finally yielded to explanation.
14. This is the case we can talk about to them on the same basis and presumably they will understand.
15. Trains and telephones broke down and their communication with the people in the city was cut off.
二、词汇结构
1. If the rain doesn't stop, people will be faced ________ serious flooding.
C. with
2. The giant corporation was making a take-over ________ for a fertilizer plant.
B. bid
3. This diploma (毕业文凭) ________ that you have completed high school.
A. entitles
B. certifies
4. The article ________ China's educational achievements during the past 20 years and outlined its development plans for the new century.
C. highlighted
5. He is watching TV? He's _______ to be cleaning his room.
B. supposed
6. I have already commented that colours will not show up unless the ________ of the light is sufficiently great.
A. intensity
7. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are __________ free medical care.
C. entitled to
8. _________ I admit there are problems, I don't agree that they can not be solved.
B. While
9. No educational system is perfect. Each one has its _________.
D. limitations
10. You are invited to the party ________ at our institute 8:00 p.m. tomorrow.
D. to be given
11. There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.
D. ways
12. She was glad that her success would ________ for the women who would follow.
A. make things easier
13. No matter how hard he tried, he couldn't get the _______ of his opponent.
B. better
14. The film was not as good as I had expected. If I ________ it was boring, I would not have gone.
C. had known
15. I'd like to take __________ of this opportunity to thank you all for your co-operation.
D. advantage
16. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the _________.
C. rent
17. The number plate on Sean's car came ________ and had to be tightened.
B. loose
18. Since the publication of the novel, his reputation as a detective writer has been well ________.
B. established
19. Scarcely had the old man gone out _________.
C. when it started to rain
三、阅读理解
During the long vacation I was accepted as a trainee bus conductor. I found the job fiercely demanding even on a short route with a total of about two dozen passengers. I pulled the wrong tickets, forgot the change and wrote up my log (行程记录) at the end of each trip in a way that drew hollow laughter from the inspectors. The inspectors were likely to check at any time. A conductor with twenty years' service could be dismissed if an inspector caught him accepting money without pulling a ticket.
It was hot that summer: 100°Fahrenheit (华氏) every day. Inside the bus it was 30°hotter still. It was so jammed inside that my feet weren't touching the floor. I couldn't blink (眨眼睛) the sweat out of my eyes. There was no hope of collecting any fares.
In these circumstances I was scarcely to blame. I didn't even know where we were, but I guessed we were at the top just before Market Street. I pressed the bell, the doors closed, and the bus surged forward. There were shouts and yells from down the back, but I thought they were the angry cries of passengers who had not got on. Too late I realized that they were coming from within the bus. The automatic doors at the back of the bus had closed around an old lady's neck as she was getting on. Her head was inside the bus. The rest of her, carrying a shopping bag was outside. I knew none of this at the time.
When I at last signaled the driver to stop, he crashed to a halt and opened the automatic doors. The woman dropped to the road. Unfortunately, the car behind turned out to be full of inspectors. Since it would have made headlines if a university student had almost half-killed a woman of an advanced age, I was given the opportunity to leave quietly.
1. What do we learn about the inspectors in the first paragraph?
C. They were feared by employees.
2. Why was the writer unable to do his job properly?
D. He couldn't move.
3. The old lady in the incident described ________.
C. was dragged
4. When the incident with old lady happened, ________.
B. the writer's employers wanted to avoid publicity
5. What is the writer's attitude now to the job?
D. He believes that it was an impossible job to do well.
Urban (城市的) life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its moving force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money make competition stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity (人所不知) of urban life, but today's ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers (居民) may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them.
As defense against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory (未列入电话号码簿的); journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure.
Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then
geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond.
Present-day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old-established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly (无情地) swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be re-housed in tower blocks which are inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. The destruction of established social structures is the worse possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve (保护) the human scale of the environment, and to retain familiar landmarks.
6. According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are ________.
A. anxious to succeed
7. The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because ________.
B. criminals are difficult to trace in large populations
8. The majority of people who live in inner cities tend to quit from the inner areas because they ________.
B. have been forced by circumstances to do so
9. Architectural changes have affected city life by ________.
A. scattering long-established communities
10. The author's general argument is that urban life would be improved by ________.
D. preserving existing social systems
My love of nature goes right back to my childhood, to the times when I stayed on my grandparent's farm in Suffolk. I think it was my grandmother who encouraged me more than anyone: she taught me the names of wildflowers and got me interested in looking at the countryside, so it seemed obvious to go on to do Zoology at university.
I didn't get my first camera until after I'd graduated, when I was due to go diving in Norway and needed a method of recording the sea creatures I would find there. My father didn't know anything about photography, but he bought me an Exacta, which was really quite a good camera for the time, and I went off to take my first pictures of sea anemones (海葵) and starfish (海星). I became keen very quickly, and I learnt how to develop and print.
I've tried from the beginning to produce pictures which are always biologically correct. There are people who will alter things deliberately: you don't pick up sea creatures from the middle of the shore and take them down to attractive pools at the bottom of the shore without knowing you're doing it.
There can be a lot of ignorance in people's behaviour towards wild animals and it's a problem that more and more people are going to wild places: while some animals may get used to cars, they won't get used to people suddenly rushing up to them. The sheer pressure of people, coupled with the fact there are increasingly few places where no-one else has photographed, means that over the years, life has become much more difficult for the professional wildlife photographers.
Nevertheless (然而), wildlife photographers play a very important part in educating people about what is out there and what needs conserving. Although photography can be an enjoyable pastime (消遣), as it is to many people, it is also something that plays a very important part in educating young and old alike.
11. The author decided to go to university and study Zoology because ________.
C. she was keen on the natural world
12. How is the author different from some of the other wildlife photographers she meets?
B. She takes photographs which record accurate natural conditions.
13. The author now finds it more difficult to photograph wild animals because ________.
C. it is harder to find suitable places
14. According to the author, wildlife photography is important because it can make people realize that ________.
D. it is important to look after wild animals
15. Which of the following describes the author?
B. Sensitive.
TEST 4
一、介词
1.If she must choose
San Carlo Borromeo.
4. I find peace of mind acceptable in those losers who have exhausted every means disposal, and who have peace of mind despite being losers.
5. If the team members had been unsuccessful in getting in touch with their support base, they
6. The newly-published dictionary does not keep changes in contemporary language usage.
Film Theatre.
8. The Government will continue to invest a strong infrastructure, and boost technology expertise (专门知识) in the regions.
9. We still lag far
15. When you sign
二、词汇结构
1. He does not g e t a l o n g w i t h his workmates and there are often disagreements between them.
2. Hot metal c o n t r a c t s as it grows cooler.
3. Although the pay is not good, people usually find social work r e w a r d i n g in other ways.
4. I'm in no m o o d this evening to listen to popular music.
5. Jack will g e t o v e r his nervousness once he's in front of the camera.
6. He has been a c c u s e d of murdering the Japanese visitor.
7. Regardless o f his appearance, he is innocent.
8. Nobody knows the age of the earth f o r certain.
9. W h e n w e w e r e o n l y half way through the exercise, the teacher changed his mind and collected all our papers.
10. The capital gathers in many of the elite (精英) of China, yet some cannot b r i n g their talents into full play because of the fierce competition.
11. Universities are being given job v a c a n c i e s by companies and individuals and set out to approve their reliability and reputation before accepting service requests.
12. The scientists have been d e n i e d the necessary funds for their research program.
13. A special day should be created to b r o a d e n people's awareness of the importance of intellectual property.
14. Occasional reports about relevant cases and the results of scholarly research often have r a i s e d the issue of euthanasia (安乐死) since the 1980s.
15. It's competence that counts. No specific major is required. Neither is a Master's degree p r e f e r a b l e to a Bachelor's degree.
16. The little boy and the dog t o o k t o each other as soon as they met.
17. You should h a v e h a n d e d i t i n three days ago.
三、阅读理解
During the first half of the nineteenth century much thought was given to building the Panama Canal. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 brought an increased demand for a transportation link across Panama. A railroad line was completed after six years of hard labor in the swamps (沼泽) and jungles. Over two thousand workmen died from yellow fever and malaria (疟疾). In 1881 a French organization tried to build a canal across the Isthmus (巴拿马地峡). For eleven years workmen struggled against heat and disease. At least 15,000 died before the French gave up their attempts to build the canal. For years the abandoned machinery lay in the jungles. At the close of the Spanish-American War the United States bought a strip of land ten miles wide across the Isthmus. Immediate attention was given to the control of diseases. In two years yellow fever was completely eliminated. Because of the work of American medical heroes, it was possible to build the splendid Panama Canal.
1. Prior to the successful completion of the Panama Canal, ________.
C.o n e c o u n t r y f a i l e d i n i t s a t t e m p t s t o b u i l d a c a n a l
2. The building of the Panama Canal represents
A.m a n's u n y i e l d i n g d e s i r e f o r p r o g r e s s.
3. What was given priority by the United States?
C.t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f i l l n e s s.
4. The author presents details according to D.t i m e o r d e r.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
C.T h e e f f o r t s r e c o r d e d i n t h e b u i l d i n g o f t h e P a n a m a C a n a l.
At one time a traveler could learn about a region by looking at the houses. For example, he or she could understand what building materials were available. In areas with many wood houses, the traveler would have guessed that there were nearby forests. Stone houses would have indicated
that stones were easy to get. However, a closer look at the houses would have told the traveler even more about the area.
People used to build houses that fitted the climate of their areas. For example, in desert regions there is a big difference between daytime and nighttime temperatures. Therefore, many desert people built houses with very thick walls. These thick walls served a useful purpose in the houses. For example, in the winter the thick walls absorbed the sun's warmth during the day and radiated the heat at night. Desert people were relatively comfortable in their homes, or residences, at all times because they built them to fit the desert climate.
Then the supply of fuel for electricity became both cheap and easy to get. The effect on housing was immediate. People began to build their homes according to fashion instead of utility. Houses no longer reflected the availability of building materials or climate.
Houses with steep roofs could be found in the tropics, the warm regions of the Earth, even though these pointed roofs originated in snowy regions of the world. Heavy snow falls off a slanted (歪斜的) roof. Another example is the use of glass. Houses made almost completely of glass could be found in very cold places. Yet ordinary glass does not insulate (绝缘) well because it neither keeps out cold air nor keeps in warm air. As long as fuel was cheap and easy to get, people could build any type of house any place.
6. What are two things that a traveler could learn about an area by looking at the houses?
B.T h e c l i m a t e i n t h e a r e a a n d t h e k i n d o f b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s e a s y f o r t h e p e o p l e t o r e a c h.
7. The main idea of Paragraph 1 is that _C.h o u s e s u s e d t o t e l l a b o u t a r e g i o n_.
8. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that _B.p e o p l e b u i l t h o u s e s t o f i t t h e c l i m a t e.
9. The main idea of Paragraphs 3 and 4 is that
D.t h e s u p p l y o f f u e l a f f e c t s h o m e b u i l d i n g.
10. What does "radiate" (Para. 2) mean? A.G i v e o f f.
Test 5
一、介词
1. She had tasted the fear of being cast o u t, and it left a bitter taste in her mouth.
2. Within a community, we seek o u t for our companions, those whose thinking is similar to our own.
3. After lying in a hot bath for an unusually long time, he stretched o u t on the bed, eyes closed, hoping that the pains would go away.
4. When he came back from the business trip, he found the correspondence had been backing up for several days.
5. Sarah has to room with her identical twin Katie f o r the time being until she finds a place of her own.
6. He decided to leave the company to strike o u t on his own as a writer.
7. This made it all the harder for the doctor to treat the patient and he might give up on the treatment for this reason.
8. The roommate's distress tore him a p a r t , and he started to feel depressed himself.
9. Employers therefore resorted t o the reduction of costs, most particularly in wages, in order to compete in world markets.
10. You will have to speak to both of them quickly if you want to head o f f a nasty disagreement.
11. The two countries went to war o v e r a small piece of land that they both claimed as their own.
12. The solitary explorer ventured o u t among the wild animals to t a m e that unknown area.
13. Thoreau was referred t o as the American high priest of solitude.
14. A g a i n s t all odds, Alan and his roommate didn't slap each other around, instead, they became friends in the end.
15. Whenever she runs a c r o s s the corridor to seek help from her neighbors, they always give her a hand.
16. The parents' interfering ways spring f r o m the desire to see their daughter comfortably married.
17. Sarah differs f r o m her sister Katie in that the former is talkative and the latter is reserved.
二、词汇结构
1. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any s e n s e of it at all.
2. I remember seeing him some years ago, but I don't r e c a l l what he said.
3. His results are not very c o n s i s t e n t. He does well one week and badly the next.
4. Shortly after his retirement, the former president t o o k t o gardening and hunting.
5. He looked w o r n o u t, as if he'd missed a night's sleep.
6. They don't know how to put in a central-heating system, but they managed it by trial and e r r o r.
7. He was d e n i e d admittance to the restaurant for not being properly dressed.
8. Old Mr. Brown's condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will p u l l t h r o u g h .
9. He did his best to stay awake, but the performance was so boring he just d r o p p e d o f f to sleep.
10. H a d i t n o t b e e n for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.
11. W h i l e I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they can't be solved.
12. We were greatly encouraged by the news of China h a v i n g l a u n c h e d another man-made satellite.
13. Tim cannot but a s k his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in doing his project.
14. Y o u n g a s t h e y a r e, they have boldly undertaken the construction of a 26-story building.
15. W h e r e v e r you go on the earth, there is always gravity to keep you from falling off.
16. The dictionary is to the student w h a t the tool is to the worker.
17. The important role played by women in w h a t used to be considered "a man's world" began to have effects on attitudes to the English language.
18. John spoke through a microphone so that he c o u l d b e h e a r d in every room.
19. T h a t s m o k i n g i s h a r m f u l t o o n e's h e a l t h is a fact many smokers choose to ignore.
20. I'd rather you d i d n't d o anything about it for the time being. You should take a break first.
21. The firm decided after a board meeting that the old machinery in the factories b e d o n e a w a y with.
22. S o a b s o r b e d w a s h e in his reading that Susan hadn't dared to make a sound.
23. The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high than l i v e with his knees bent.
三、完型填空
Questions 1 to 20 are based on the following passage.
If you choose to be alone on purpose, you can wholly devote yourself to thinking. But how often do you think about thinking?
Several years ago a college administrator told me that if he wanted to do any serious thinking, he had to get up at 5:30 in the morning—I suppose because that was the time 1.w h e n it was best.
At that time, no one would2.i n t e r r u p t him. More recently I heard a professor remark that when his friends catch him 3.i n the act of reading a book, they say, "My, it must be nice to have so much free time." And 4.e v e n t h o u g h I am an English teacher—a person who should know better—I find myself feeling vaguely guilty5.w h e n e v e r I go to the library to read. It is a common belief that if a man is thinking or reading, he is doing nothing.
It's easy to understand the reasons for this 6.p r e j u d i c e a g a i n s t thinking. One problem is that to most of us, thinking 7.l o o k s suspiciously like doing nothing. A person in deep thought is an uninspiring 8.l e a n s back in a state of relaxation. He looks relaxed in his chair as he stares 9.i n t o space. He gives every appearance of wasting time. 10.B e s i d e s , he's leaving all the hard work for us!
But thinking is far different 11.f r o m laziness. Thinking is one of the most productive activities a person can 12.u n d e r t a k e. And thinking does 13.r e q u i r e time and effort. It's a common misconception that if a person is bright, wonderful ideas 14.f l a s h spontaneously into his mind. Unfortunately, the brain doesn't 15.w o r k this way. 16. Even that Einstein had to study and think for months at a time. Thinking was necessary for him before he could 17. make up his theory of relativity. Those of us who are 18.l e s s intelligent find it a struggle to create our ideas. To create even a 19.m o d e r a t e l y good idea, takes time for thought. I have to spend months for a
20.a l o n e a brilliant one. So is it right to take thinking as doing nothing?
Questions 21 to 40 are based on the following passage.
I am going to break up with my wife, Becky. I am going to join millions of those who are
I 25. press back tears to keep from crying. 26. As I sit feeling sorry for myself, I perform small
poetry. time. When people began writing down
have my computer and no one ever seems to visit me in this city.
big Should I tell her that I am a lone wolf without need for her? 40.
阅读理解
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage or dialog.
Choosing a travel companion is at least as uncertain as choosing a marriage partner. The chances of success are perhaps even less.
No law of causality (因果关系) exists to insist that in choosing a travel companion you will
lose a friend. But it's not unlikely. The odds depend on the length and the rigorousness (严密) of the trip. Some friendships have a strength that will withstand even travel; others are by nature short-lived and travel merely hastens their dissolution (结束，终止).
Perhaps I should make it clear that in discussing this matter of travel companions I am confining myself to Platonic (柏拉图式的) friendships. Intimate friends may well be the best companions of all. Compromises and concessions from such companions clearly spring from a recognized emotional base that colors every issue. I'll confine myself, then, to companions, male and female, who are sharing a trip solely for company. Why bother at all with a travel companion? Why not travel alone, shiftily (机智地) pursuing one's goal? Some of the answers are obvious. A pleasant fellow traveler eases the stress and tensions, adds to the delights and rewards and pays half the bills. However, a bad-tempered companion quite often brings you to the point where you devoutly (虔诚地) wish you were alone.
Finding that suitable companion is something of an art and something of a gamble. But the choice should be determined by one important rule: travelers should be going on the trip with the same idea in mind. They should hold in common a theory of travel.
1. Choosing a travel companion is hard and risky, because __A.o n e m a y l o s e a f r i e n d.
2. When intimate friends travel together, ________.
C.t h e y w i l l f i n d t h e r i g h t w a y s t o s o l v e p r o b l e m s d u e t o t h e i r r e l a t i o n s h i p
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the companion talked about here is the person B.o n e
c a n t r a v e l w i t h m e r e l y f o r c o m p a n y___.
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
D.L i k e-m i n d e d p e o p l e s h o u l d t r a v e l t o g e t h e r.
5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
B.F i n d i n g a G o o d T r a v e l C o m p a n i o n-a R i s k y M a t t e r
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.
Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In the interval he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and there are few things of which he stands in more fear than of the absence of noise. Even his conversation is in great measure a desperate attempt to prevent a dreadful (可怕的) silence. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing (发出嗡嗡声) of a fly, but he longs to join the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure. The object of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas. It is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be admitted, different qualities of buzz: there is even a buzz that is as exasperating (使人恼怒的) as the continuous ping (砰声) of a mosquito. But at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a mute (哑巴). Most buzzing, fortunately, is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable even to the mind. He would be a foolish man, however, who waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors.
Those who despise (看不起) the weather as a conversational opening seem to me to be ignorant of the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are content if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's ears, though they have nothing to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they have had food in a Swiss hotel. At
the end of an evening during which they have said nothing at immense length, they are proud of themselves on their success as conversationalists.
6. The significance of man's speaking ability is that __A.i t p r o v e s h i s e x i s t e n c e a s a m a n.
7. The statement that "ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly" suggests that ____C.m o s t o f t h e h u m a n c o n v e r s a t i o n s c a n b e d i s m i s s e d a s m e a n i n g l e s s_.
8. According to the passage, a man will look silly if he B.f e e l s r e l u c t a n t t o j o i n i n t h e
c o n v e r s a t i o n.
9. In the author's opinion, the introduction of weather as a conversational opening indicates ___B. t h e s t a r t o f a n a c c e p t a b l e c o n v e r s a t i o n___.
10. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?
C.P e o p l e t a k e p r i d e i n t h e i r r o l e s a s c o n v e r s a t i o n a l i s t s.
选词填空
（一）When I was 25, I gave up my job and apartment to go and live in the woods. I was tired of this 1.c o m p l i c a t e d world dictating how much money I needed to make just to survive. I wanted to find2.s o l i t u d e so I could rest my weary (疲倦的) mind. So, I built a small hut to live off the land. I suppose I took 3.i n s p i r a t i o n from Henry David Thoreau. I remember he once says, "I never found the companion that was so 4.C o m p a n i o n a b l e as solitude."
There was a small pond near my cabin with a beautiful garden. I 5.i m a g i n e d that I would spend my days writing poetry and playing my guitar while the birds sang. I had to boil the water in a kettle on the wood burning stove before I could drink it. Every morning I took my axe outside and 6.c h o p p e d wood for the fire. Every afternoon I 7.t e n d e d my garden. Unfortunately, the sunlight had to 8.c r e e p through the trees and my garden never got enough light. Most of time I just ate dried beans and rice. I became so tired of eating beans and rice that I practically 9.c h o k e d every time I took a bite. Every night, I wrote down my 10.s o l i t a r y observations and sang to myself. When winter came I became cold, lonely and ready for company, so I moved back to the city.
（二）I can never find a little space on this planet for myself. I try to write in my diary in the living room, but I cannot 11.c o n c e n t r a t e because my roommate is playing his music too loudly. I move to our bedroom, but his laundry is 12.h a n g i n g all over to dry. I go to the library, but the 13. l i b r a r i a n is reading out loud to children. In the park, someone's aunt is talking to her niece on the cell phone so loud that the whole world can hear. "Did you get the parcel I sent you?" she asks. "Isn't the jacket great? You know it's 14.w a t e r p r o o f so you can wear it in the rain."
"Great!" I think to myself. "Now I won't even be able to be alone even when it's raining. Everyone has such jackets now. I never mind getting 15.s o a k e d to the bone as long as I could be alone." "Arrrggghhh!!!" I scream and the woman on the cell phone asks if I can be quieter. I continue to yell to myself, 16.i g n o r i n g her. The world is 17.i n c r e a s i n g l y becoming smaller. I hope that irritation and tension will not 18.e x p l o d e into violence some day. I admire Thoreau's courage to live in 19.solitude, far away from all these interruptions.
I walk home 20.v i a the bakery and notice a quiet seat in the corner. I run in and claim my little piece of the world.
Test6
一、介词
1. The doctor stands b y what she has said: patients need to be told about the risks associated with the drug.
2. In theory all arrested persons were supposed to be brought before a judicial (司法的) official within twenty-four hours, but i n practice more time often elapsed.
3. One assertion which has been made i n support of student loans is that a student should be prepared to take a loan in respect of his or her earning capacity as a graduate.
4. The products were supposed to speed u p blood-flow to make people feel more alert.
i n the midst of a legal case, the Metropolitan (大城市的) Transportation Commission on Wednesday delayed approving a three-year spending plan for $9 billion on Bay Area highways.
6. Children's negative feelings often get acted o u t in bad behavior.
7. President Bush plunged into an election-year debate o v e r health care on Thursday by proposing
a limit of $250,000 in damage awards for medical malpractice lawsuits (渎职诉讼).
8. Hollywood strengthened its fight a g a i n s t Internet trading of movies and music.
9. The stories told in Spain derive f r o m true events in the early history of the country.
10. My goods have vanished and the insurance company will have to pay u p.
11. He can be very rude i n private, though in public he is usually polite.
12. He proceeds to show, therefore, that with only ideas at his disposal, he can nevertheless distinguish b e t w e e n reality and illusion.
13. The figures illustrated are hard to square w i t h those in China in regard to high life expectancy and daily food consumption, not to mention household ownership of consumer durables.
14. You will be paid while you are o n sick leave but obviously there are limits to this.
15. Today the country owns 50 billion dollar worth o f investments in the US.
二、词汇结构
1. By the time you get to New York, I s h a l l h a v e l e f t for London.
2. The lawyer advised him to drop the c a s e, since he stands little chance of winning. A. event
3. He is quite sure that it's a b s o l u t e l y impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days.
4. Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee b e s e t u p to investigate the incident.
5. Eye contact is important because incorrect contact may create a communication b a r r i e r.
6. There is no a c c e s s to the house from the main road.
7. He wasn't appointed chairman of the committee, b e i n g c o n s i d e r e d not very popular with all of its members.
8. The l a b e l stuck on the envelope says "By Air".
9. Reading b e t w e e n the lines, I would say that the Government is more worried than it will admit.
10. Things might have been much worse if the mother h a d i n s i s t e d on her right to keep the baby.
11. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when s e e n alone.
12. None of us expected the chairman to t u r n u p at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.
13. He y i e l d e d to his customers and halved the price.
14. All flights h a v i n g b e e n c a n c e l e d because of the terrible weather, they had to go there by train.
15. The boy spent as much time watching TV as he d i d studying.
16. By the time John retires from the hospital, Jane w i l l h a v e g r a d u a t e d from medical school.
17. Most of w h a t scientists know of the Sun's outer atmosphere comes from studies of solar eclipses (日蚀).
18. The letter was written by someone unknown t o me.
19. But for the heavy traffic, I w o u l d n o t h a v e b e e n late.
20. Many children want the same thing they see a d v e r t i s e d on television.
21. My mother bought me a new pair of boots on my birthday a s she had promised.
22. A student messenger interrupted our history lesson with the news t h a t I was to report to the principal's office immediately.
23. Unlike most students, he doesn't learn English f o r t h e s a k e o f learning.
24. The mother didn't know who t o b l a m e for the broken glass.
25. A c c u m u l a t e d energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, in an earthquake.
三、完型填空
（一）It is easy to get the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Questionable payments can be 1.s e p a r a t e d into three classes. The first is sums of money paid over to achieve political 2.o b j e c t i v e s. Money given in this class isn't always paid simply to 3. o b t a i n a contract. The political aims can be 4.V a r i e d. It can be providing the money to 5.b r i n g d o w n a foreign government. Or it can be to 6.f i n a n c i a l l y support a political party. Sometimes large payments were made to support a US presidential 7.c a n d i d a t e. This is done to 8.s e c u r e arms sales or major construction contracts. The second class of payments tries to make the 9. w h e e l s of government run faster. Payments of this type 10.h e n c e receive special treatment. They
11.a p p r o v a l. The hird class 12.I n v o l v e s giving money in countries where doing so is acceptable. In these countries, there is a tradition of paying officials to 13.e n s u r e good business. So you must give money if you want a satisfactory business 14.d e a l . To combat these problems the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is 15.i n f a v o r o f a code of conduct prohibiting bribes. 16.H o w e v e r, an unfortunate difficulty is that opinions 17.d i f f e r among members of the ICC. The British members 18.p r e f e r the code to have the force of law. However, the French 19.f e e l the code should not be too strong. It should merely provide guidelines 20.a s t o what is ethically acceptable. As a result, some people argued recently that "industry is caught in a web of bribery" and that everyone is "on the take".
（二）Mr. Brown has been senator for quite a few years. He was used to getting favors from businesses in the state he 21.r e p r e s e n t e d; it was just how things got done. He never expected that he would get 22.s t u n g engaging in bribery.
A few months before the senator had met with a man who he thought represented the logging industry. The man said that he wanted a law that would allow his company to 23.c h o p down trees that many people didn't want to cut. These trees existed in government 24.p r o t e c t e d areas. He
25.C l a i m e d that he was willing to pay money. He would give the senator a good deal of money to
26.s e e that the bill was 27.p u t f o r w a r d in the congress. 28.U n f o r t u n a t e l y, for the senator, the man wasn't who he said he was. He was actually a detective for the 29.c o m m i t t e e in the senate. And it was this body that 30.i n v e s t i g a t e s the ethics of its members.
Journalists put microphones in front of the senator's face and asked 31.w h a t he planned to do. What did he have to say about being 32.a c c u s e d of taking money from a special interest group? The senator 33.e x c l a i m e d, "This is all a big misunderstanding. I am an ethical man with 34.t o o m u c h integrity to ever do something like that!"
The reporters continued to attack him and then in an irritated tone a lawyer of the senator stated, "The senator 35.M a i n t a i n s that he is innocent. He says that this is just a/an36.a t t e m p t by politicians who do not like him to discredit him. They only want to 37.r e m o v e him from power."
38.W h i l e his attorney was speaking to the reporters, the senator left. He 39.d i s a p p e a r e d into a building. He was later found 40.g u i l t y of taking bribes. As a result he was expelled from the Senate.
选词填空
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
How does a kid go from good student and model citizen to corporate (集团的) criminal? My example might lend a few clues. I was in the chess club and got very good grades. I was, however, sometimes getting in trouble with the law. I received my first ticket for breaking a traffic law when I was sixteen, the same year I got a 1.l i c e n s e to drive. My dad paid my fine. Of course, most people would just 2.s h r u g off a speeding ticket. Later, I got into a bigger mess when I was caught stealing a pack of gum from a local grocer. My parents were 3.n o t i f i e d and I went to court. Unfortunately, for me, the judge gave me nothing more than a slap on the wrist. The 4.i n c i d e n t never even showed up on my official record. I wish now that I had been 5.p u n i s h e d more severely and learned a lesson. Instead, I just learned to 6.m a n i p u l a t e the system and made sure I didn't get caught again. That is until this year. This year I was caught 7.c o m m i t t i n g corporate bribery and fraud. I didn't even know investigators were observing my 8.t r a n s a c t i o n s. I had become unbelievably bold and careless. I didn't believe that they actually 9.c o n v i c t e d people for business crimes. Recently, corporate crimes have become very 10.u n p o p u l a r with the public. This was a bad time to get caught.
Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Nowadays, it is very popular for society to demand a very high standard of moral behavior from corporate (公司的) executives. Meanwhile, most of us 11.e n g a g e in activities that are slightly illegal on a regular basis. Maybe some would say that they have never broken the law on purpose, but even that would be 12.r a r e. For example, we frequently 13.v i o l a t e traffic and tax laws. My friend Debra 14.e x c l a i m e d to a judge while defending her actions, "It wasn't like I was hurting anyone!" Many of us believe that if our 15.m o t i v e s do not include harming anyone, then it is all right.
However, we as a society must establish a(n) 16.c o d e of conduct that is observed by ordinary people and business professionals as well. What would happen in our business world if businessmen 17.b r i b e claimed large companies to get profitable contracts? It seems that the only way out is to 18.r e i n f o r c e claimed our system of law. We should act as the judge and 19. J u r y for our corporate criminals. In this way business leaders will be well equipped to 20.h a n d l e tough decisions that arise. Let's teach them to be people we can be proud of.
期末考试考务会议 老师们下午好： 按市教科所安排期末考试高一全市统一组织、统一阅卷，其他年级学校自己组织考试阅卷，我校初二、高一年级6月 28、29日考试，高二年级定于6月30号、7月1号在北校统一考试。 老师们，自郭校长上任以来，无论是教师上课还是学生纪律上都有非常明显的改变，学校各个环节管理正在进一步规范化、精细化，同样，对于考试将会更加的严格要求，在考试中规范学生的行为，为学生将来参加诚信中、高考打下基础。所以我们的监考也要规范化，监考状态也要有质的提高，让学生在老师的监考态度上体会学校的严谨治学态度。 现在从以下几个方面，布置期末考试工作： 首先考试期间对监考老师提出以下要求： 1、遵守时间，考试期间每天上午、下午，提前20分钟到教务处签到、领取试卷，不迟到，学生不准提前交卷，监考教师不得随意离开考场。 2、监考期间，监考教师不准接打电话，不准在考场内做与监考无关的事情（比如读书、看杂志、看手机、说话聊天等），我们对学生要求不准带手机，那么，希望我们监考老师也能在监考期间将手机关掉。关于说话聊天，我多说一句，监考其实很枯燥，一场下来一个多小时甚至两个小时，确实 很累，但，希望老师克服一下，两天咬咬牙就挺过去了。 3、监考期间提醒监考老师不准睡觉，有些老师可能到教室后边监考，坐在那里一会就打盹，有的甚至就趴在后边桌子上睡着了。所以，如果困了可以站起来走走。 4、监考教师在发卷子之前，首先要做的一项工作就是，核对考生是不是按规定位置坐，是不是有坐错考场位置的，发完卷子后，核对考生填涂的信息，每个考场都发有考场座次表，监考教师要对学生信息逐一核对，尤其是初二年级和高一年级，初二学生是不习惯用答题卡，高一年级学生卷子和答题卡都要
一、单项选择题（本大题共 20 小题，每小题 1 分，共 20 分） 1．咨询顾问最核心的能力是其( D ) A．专业水平B．策划力C．技术能力D．影响力 2．在设备结构优化战略实施过程中，为实行大批量生产，企业应提高比重的设备是(D) A．服役期短的设备B．技术水平高的设备C．通用型设备D．专用型设备 3．一般来讲，新兴产业的收入弹性系数( C ) A．小于 1 B．等于 1 C．大于 l D．不确定 4．一般来讲，标准产品的适宜推销方式是( D ) A．人员推销B．展示会C．关系营销D．广告 5．企业战略涉及期限较长，一般认为应( C ) A．至少 3 年B．3～5 年C．至少 5 年D．至少 10 年 6．财务管理咨询的主要对象是( C ) A．企业经营活动B．企业生产活动C．企业资本活动D．商品流通活动 7．为实现企业的目标利润而把成本费用控制在合理的水平之下的谋划与方略，属于 ( D ) A．成本结构优化战略B．成本控制战略C．节约成本战略D．目标成本战略 8．山东水泥厂张才奎同志身先士卒，不图报酬，参加全厂最苦的“打窑皮”，带领全厂职工一举扭转十年亏损的局面。张才奎实施的方案属于( B ) A．企业员工共同信念战略方案B．企业凝聚力方案C．企业整体战略方案D．企业职工形象方案 9．企业行为识别系统的简称是( B ) A．MI B．BI C．VI D．CIS 10．咨询机构在具体职位的设计中，首先应考虑( A ) A．工作的需要B．咨询人员的素质C．人际关系D．心理结构 11．企业使命和战略目标的咨询属于组织结构内( A) A．最高层次的咨询B．中间层次的咨询C．第二层次的咨询D．第三层次的咨询 12．企业成长第三阶段有可能发生的危机是( B ) A．专制危机B．控制危机C．领导危机D．丧失活力危机 13．新产品一般是指在以下哪一范围内第一次试制鉴定确认的产品?( C ) A．企业内B．企业所在地区C．一个省、市、自治区D．全国
《人工智能与专家系统》试卷（1）参考答案与评分标准 问答题（每题5分，共50分） 1．人工智能是何时、何地、怎样诞生的？（5分） 答：人工智能于1956年夏季在美国达特茅斯（Dartmouth）大学诞生。（3分）1956年夏季，美国的一些从事数学、心理学、计算机科学、信息论和神经学研究的年轻学者，汇聚在Dartmouth大学，举办了一次长达两个月的学术讨论会，认真而热烈地讨论了用机器模拟人类智能的问题。在这次会议上，第一次使用了“人工智能”这一术语，以代表有关机器智能这一研究方向。这是人类历史上第一次人工智能研讨会，标志着人工智能学科的诞生，具有十分重要的意义。（2分） 2．行为主义是人工智能的主要学派之一，它的基本观点是什么？（5分） 答：行为主义，又称进化主义或控制论学派。这种观点认为智能取决于感知和行动（所以被称为行为主义），它不需要知识、不需要表示、不需要推理。其原理是控制论和感知——动作型控制系统。 3．什么是知识表示？在选择知识表示方法时，应该考虑哪几个因素？（5分）答：知识表示是研究用机器表示知识的可行性、有效性的般方法，是一种数据结构与控制结构的统一体，既考虑知识的存储又考虑知识的使用。知识表示实际上就是对人类知识的一种描述，以把人类知识表示成计算机能够处理的数据结构。对知识进行表示的过程就是把知识编码成某种数据结构的过程。（3分）在选择知识表示方法时，应该考虑以下几个因素：(1)能否充分表示相关的领域知识；(2)是否有利于对知识的利用；(3)是否便于知识的组织、维护和管理；(4)是否便于理解和实现。（2分） 4．框架表示法有什么特点？（5分） 答：框架表示法有如下特点：结构性、继承性、自然性。（5分） 5．何谓产生式系统？它由哪几部分组成？（5分） 答：把一组产生式放在一起，让它们相互配合，协同作用，一个产生式生成的结论可以供另一个产生式作为已知事实使用，以求得问题的解，这样的系统称为产生式系统。（2分） 产生式系统一般由三个基本部分组成：规则库、综合数据库和推理机。（3分） 6．产生式系统中，推理机的推理方式有哪几种？请分别解释说明。（5分）答：产生式系统推理机的推理方式有正向推理、反向推理和双向推理三种。 正向推理：正向推理是从己知事实出发，通过规则库求得结果。 反向推理：反向推理是从目标出发，反向使用规则，求证已知的事实。 双向推理：双向推理是既自顶向下又自底向上的推理。推理从两个方向进行， 直至在某个中间界面上两方向结果相符便成功结束；如两方衔接不上，则推理失败。
期末考试考务工作培训动员会主要内容 2007年7月4日下午3：30期末考试考务工作培训动员会在大阶梯召开，现将主要内容公布如下，其他相关事宜请参照《北京物资学院本科考试工作条例》和本学期考务工作统一安排执行。 一、监考人员工作程序和职责 1.监考人员考前20分钟到指定地点领取试卷。 2.监考人员领取试卷时，检查考试试卷份数及草纸、答题卡及监考记录情况，如缺少请立即索取。如考场上发卷时发现试卷或答题卡缺少，请到相邻教室相同课程的考场索取，如无监考记录，请务必向考务人员领取，不得找其他纸张代替。 3.监考人员到指定考场监考，在黑板上写明考试课程名称，起止时间，考试总页码，考试前清场，提醒学生关闭手机，并检查学生证件，提前5分钟发试卷，并按《监考人员职责》要求监考。 4.考试开始15分钟后，拒绝迟到考生入场,按缺考处理；考试开始15分钟，让学生在监考记录上登记姓名和学号；考试开始30分钟以后才能允许考生交卷出考场。考试结束前10分钟，监考教师应提醒考生考试即将结束，考生不得交卷出场。 5.考生在交卷前原则上不允许离开考场，如有特殊情况，须经监考教师同意后，由另一名监考教师或巡视员跟随，且一次只允许一名考生出入考场。 6.监考人员如发现学生有违纪或作弊的苗头，应立即果断地予以制止，并给予口头警告。如已发现违纪和作弊的事实，监考教师应（1）立即没收试卷及违纪或作弊的物证材料，终止该考生考试，在其试卷上注明“违纪”或“作弊”字样，(2)在《监考记录》中填写违纪或作弊的考生院系、班级、学号、姓名和违纪作弊的主要情节等，（3）违纪或作弊学生签字后令其退出考场。考试结束后立即将监考记录、试卷和物证材料报教务处。 7.考试结束，监考教师清点试卷份数，并在监考记录上签字。如发现有缺少试卷的，应立即查明不交卷学生的姓名和学号并追查回试卷。
四川大学期末考试试题（A卷） （2013——2014 学年第一学期） 课程号：303066030课序号：课程名称：计算机基础及C程序设计语言 任课教师：刘亚梅刘洋任瑞玲曾晓东余勤罗伟王茂宁王忠邓丽华成绩： 适用专业年级：2012级学生人数：印题份数：学号：姓名： 考试须知 四川大学学生参加由学校组织或由学校承办的各级各类考试，必须严格执行《四川大学考试工作管理办法》和《四川大学考场规则》。有考试违纪作弊行为的，一律按照《四川大学学生考试违纪作弊处罚条例》进行处理。 四川大学各级各类考试的监考人员，必须严格执行《四川大学考试工作管理办法》、《四川大学考场规则》和《四川大学监考人员职责》。有违反学校有关规定的，严格按照《四川大学教学事故认定及处理办法》进行处理。 一、单项选择题（每题1.5分，共45分）（注：本题及以下各题均以VC++6.0为软件编程平台） 1.一个C程序总是从_______开始执行的。 A）main函数B）程序的第一行 C）程序的第一个函数D）不固定位置 2.以下对C语言的描述正确的是。 A）函数允许嵌套定义B）编译时不检查语法 C）用户所定义的标识符必须以字母开头D）转义字符以“\”开头 3.下列C语言中运算对象必须是整型的运算符是。 A) %= B) && C) = D) *= 4.若有以下程序段：int c1, c2=3, c3=2; c1=（float）c2/c3;则执行后，c1、c2的值分别是。 A)0，3.0 B) 1，3.0 C) 0，3 D) 1，3 5.下列变量定义中合法的是。 A）short_a=0xda; B）double b=1+5e2.5; C）int a=‘A’; D）float 2_and=1-e-3; 6.若变量已正确定义并赋值，符合C语言语法的表达式是。 A）++(a+1) B）a=7+b/c=a++ C）a=a+7=c+b D）a=’\0’ 7.设int a=1,b=2,c=3,m=4,n=5,p=3;，则执行表达式(a=m
**市2011年**考试 考务工作人员培训考核试卷 姓名：学校：得分： 1.1考生进场时必须由女性监考员用金属探测器按照《金属探测器使用规范》对考生进行检查。B A．对 B.错 1.2考生进场时主要由女性监考员用金属探测器按照《金属探测器使用规范》对考生进行检查。A A．对 B.错 1.3用金属探测器进行检查时，考生拒不配合检查，拒绝出示检查中发现的金属物品，监考员应阻止考生进入考场，并立即报告考点主任。A A．对 B.错 1.4用金属探测器进行检查时，考生拒不配合检查，拒绝出示检查中发现的金属物品，监考员取消该考生考试资格。B A．对 B.错 2.1考生忘记携带或遗失准考证、身份证，监考员应先验证考生相貌，若与考场座次表上的照片相符，可先安排考生进场应考，同时报告考点主任或副主任。A A．对 B.错 2.2考生遗失身份证，可用学校出具的证明代替,同时监考员必须先验证考生相貌，若与考场座次表上的照片相符，可安排考生进场应考。B .
A．对 B.错 2.3考生忘记携带或遗失准考证，监考员应先验证考生相貌，若与考场座次表上的照片相符，可先安排考生进场应考，同时报告考点主任或副主任,并由招办核实后补发。A A．对 B.错 2.4考生遗失身份证，可由公安部门出具带照片的身份证明,同时监考员必须先验证考生相貌，若与考场座次表上的照片相符，可安排考生进场应考。A A．对 B.错 3.1考生未经监考员同意，在考试过程中擅自离开考场。监考员应立即制止，如实记入《违规考生通知书》和《考场情况记录表》，监考员签字确认并通知违纪考生，同时通过场外监考员或巡视员报告考点主任或副主任。A A．对 B.错 3.2考生未经监考员同意，在考试过程中擅自离开考场。经场外监考员劝阻,可回考场继续参加考试。如执意不回的，须如实记入《违规考生通知书》和《考场情况记录表》，监考员签字确认并通知违纪考生，同时通过场外监考员或巡视员报告考点主任或副主任。B A．对 B.错 3.3考生在考试结束信号发出后继续答题，监考员应立即制止，如实记入《违规考生通知书》和《考场情况登记表》，并通知考生，同时报告考点主任。A A．对 B.错 3.4考生在考试结束信号发出后继续答题，监考员应立即制止，制止无效的,须如实记入《违规考生通知书》和《考场情况登记表》，并通知考生，同时报告考点主任。B A．对 B.错 4.1考生无意弄脏或损坏试卷或答题卡，并要求更换，监考员无条件同意更换。B .
2010年秋大寨完小、永祥完小、电光完小 期末交换监考考务工作实施方案 大寨完小、永祥完小、电光完小： 为了切实加强考试管理，严谨有序开展各项考试工作，确保期末考试顺利进行，结合各校实际，特制定本实施方案。 一、指导思想 考试工作是教学工作的重要环节，是教学质量管理与评价的重要容。端正考风，严肃考纪，不仅是提高办学质量的重要保证，而且关系到学校教风、学风、校风的建设；关系到人才培养质量，关系到学校的发展。因此，各教师要提高认识，严肃对待，坚持“公平、公正、诚实、严谨”的原则。确保期末考试工作任务的圆满完成。 二、组织领导 为了加强对本次期末考试的管理，决定成立考试工作领导小组。 组长：冉启安（大寨完小校长）、洪（永祥完小校长）、加利（电光完小校长） 副组长：王浩（大寨完小教导主任）、邹强（永祥完小教导主任）、罗向阳（电光完小教导主任） 三、交换监考年级科目及考试时间 （一）年级 五、六年级由板场教辅站安排；一至四年级由三所学校共同安排 （二）考试科目及时间： 四、巡视及监考教师安排 （一）大寨完小 巡视：冉启安
（二）永祥完小 巡视：洪 （三）电光完小 巡视：加利 五、阅卷安排 1月7日三所学校的一至四年级教师在大寨完小集中流水阅卷，并做好成绩登记及质量分析。 六、注意事项 1、其他未安排的科目由三所学校自行组织考试。 2、各教师监考时7：30在教辅站领卷，考试完毕后把试卷密封好上交到教辅站进行，1月7日阅卷时再由三所学校的组长到教辅站领取。 3、各校指定专人敲钟（如未指定专人，则由各校校长负责），要求至少要敲预备时间、开考时间，结束时间。 4、监考教师考前10分钟听铃声统一发卷，告知学生开始答题，并监督学生写好学校、班级和（必须）。
一、单选题： 1. 能作为C++程序的基本单位是( )。 A. 字符 B. 语句 C. 函数 D. 源程序文件 2. 程序中主函数的名字为（ ）。 A. main B. MAIN C. Main D. 任意标识符 3. 关于C++与C 语言的关系的描述中，（ ）是错误的。 A. C 语言是C++的一个子集; B. C 语言与C++是兼容的; C. C++对C 语言进行了一些改进; D. C++和C 语言都是面向对象的 4. 可用作C++语言用户标识符的一组标识符是( )。 A. void define +WORD B. a3_b3 _123 YN C. for -abc Case D. 2a DO sizeof 5. 存储以下数据，占用存储字节最多的是（ ）。 A. 0 B. ‘0’ C. “0” D. 0.0 6. 设int a=12；则执行完语句a+=a*a ；后，a 的值是( )。 A. 12 B. 144 C. 156 D. 288 7. 假设在程序中 a 、b 、c 均被定义成整型，所赋的值都大于1，则下列能正确表示代数式abc 1的表达式是( )。 A. 1.0/a*b*c B. 1/(a*b*c) C. 1/a/b/(float)c D. 1.0/a/b/c 8. 以下说法中正确的是（ ）。 A. C++程序总是从第一个定义的函数开始执行 B. C++程序总是从main 函数开始执行 C. C++函数必须有返回值，否则不能使用函数 D. C++程序中有调用关系的所有函数必须放在同一个程序文件中 9. 下面有关构造函数的描述中，正确的是（ ）。 A. 构造函数可以带有返回值 B. 构造函数的名字与类名完全相同 C. 构造函数必须带有参数 D. 构造函数必须定义，不能缺省 10.在声明类时，下面的说法正确的是（ ）。 A. 可以在类的声明中给数据成员赋初值 B. 数据成员的数据类型可以是register C. private ，public ，protected 可以按任意顺序出现 D. 没有用private ，public ，protected 定义的数据成员是公有成员 11.在下面有关析构函数特征的描述中，正确的是（ ）。 A. 一个类可以有多个析构函数 B. 析构函数与类名完全相同 C. 析构函数不能指定返回类型 D. 析构函数可以有一个或多个参数 12.构造函数是在（ ）时被执行的。 A. 程序编译 B. 创建对象 C. 创建类 D. 程序装入内存 13. 下面有关静态成员函数的描述中，正确的是（ ） A. 在静态成员函数中可以使用this 指针 B. 在建立对象前，就可以为静态数据成员赋值 C. 静态成员函数在类外定义是，要用static 前缀 D. 静态成员函数只能在类外定义 14.下面有关友员函数的描述中，真确的说法是（ ） A. 友员函数是独立于当前类的外部函数
2013-2014学年第一学期期末考试考务工作安排 1、本学期放假时间: 2014年 1月 18日（1月17日下午6：00方可离校） 2、停课考试时间: 2014年 1月6 日 -- 1 月17 日 1月3日（1月3日为最后一次课）前所有本科教学活动结束, 请各院(部)通知有关任课教师安排好本科教学工作,按学校规定做好命题工作。 3、公共选修课在1月3日前由各任课教师随堂安排考核。 4、大学通修课、专业课考试均安排在停课考试阶段考试, 大学通修课考试全校统一安排在2014年1月10、11、12日三天,专业课由各院(部)在停课考试阶段安排。考试时间要遵循随堂考试的原则。第一阶段：12月16日至17日，由公共课开课单位在网上登录期末考试安排。第二阶段：12月18日-- 12 月23 日各学院安排专业课网上登录考试安排；第三阶段：12月24日各院(部)使用第二阶段没有被使用的考试时间段教室和公共课考试时间段内未使用的教室。12月24日下午16：00关闭系统，考试安排网上登录工作全部结束。 5、由于教室原因，各院系仙林校区的专业课考试分别按下列原则安排： 1月7、9、13、15、17日：文学院、社发院、公管院、教科院、心理学院、新传院、商学院、法学院、能源院、强化部、国教院、教师院。（12月18、20日登陆http://210.29.135.122/jsgl用本院的大教室安排考试） 1月6、8、14、16、17日：外文院、数科院、物科院、化科院、生科院、地科院、计算机院、金女院、音乐学院、美术学院、体科院、电自院。（12月19、23日登陆http://210.29.135.122/jsgl用本院的大教室安排考试） 6、各院(部)要严密组织好期末考试工作，做好试卷命题（包括下学期开学初补考用试卷）、印刷、保密、考试组织及考试结束后考场记录表、原始成绩单、试卷等材料的装订存档。重申学生成绩必须在规定时间内提交，否则将按《教学事故认定与处理办法》对责任人进行处理。 各院(部)要加强对监考教师的培训工作。公共课的监考由学生所在院(部)按照开课院(部)的要求配备足够的监考人员（每个教室保证有两位监考人员）。对有监考任务的教师一定要书面通知、落实到人，若出现考试失误，必须分清责任，按教学事故严肃处理。 7、下学期开学初的补考时间将定在开学后第三周进行，3月1日、2日两天考公共课程,3月9日前院(部)完成专业课的补考。学生在2月17日到2月20日上网完成补考报名工作,09级往届生之前的留(降)级学生2月20日前到原院(部)书面提交补考申请。请院(部)通知到学生在假期中认真复习迎考，同时相关院(部)、开课单位要做好出卷工作。 8、加强考试纪律的宣传、张贴，严禁作弊行为。 9、下学期开学时间∶2014年2月16日报到，2月17日（周一）正式上课。
期中考试考务会议讲话 稿 公司标准化编码 [QQX96QT-XQQB89Q8-NQQJ6Q8-MQM9N]
期中考试考务会议讲话稿 各位老师： 下午好！ 终于又到学期中了，首先要感谢大家，因为要大家在忙碌中辛苦奋战了两个多月！ 大家都知道，考试工作是我们常规教学工作中重要的环节之一。 整个考试的过程其实也是学生受教育的过程，包括对学生心理素质的教育、包括对学生学习方法的提高、包括对学生诚信教育等。 我们知道这样一句话：考风直接影响学风。如果期中考试风气不好，学生就不会认真对待平时的学习，认为平时学不学无所谓，这样就直接影响了学生平时的学习态度和学习风气。 对于我们老师来说，我们的教学效果怎样我们应该怎么改进提高实践证明：越是可信度高的考试越能给我们好的答案。所以严肃考纪、端正考风是我们每个教师必须要做到的事情。我们必须把这个教学常规工作做扎实。 一、考前工作做细致 1.重视学生考试前的辅导：包括对学生知识点的梳理，对学生考试方法的指导，对学生考前心理的辅导，对学生复习考试的动员工作，对考场的一些纪律要求，不能提前交卷等，教育学生考试严肃的事情。尤其，要注意学生考试的心理辅导，既要给压力太大的学生减减压，又要给那些毫不在乎的学生打打气，保持适度紧张才能发挥好的水平。
2.考试铃声由曹老师于今天考务会后设置。注意的是周五下午物理考完后，要及时恢复原有上课作息铃声。 3.重视考场布置工作： 保持考场美好环境卫生工作，一定要打扫卫生，把教室座位摆放整齐。 请班主任在黑板上写上相关提示语、考试科目及考试时间。座位单人单座，书包统一放在前面。具体的考场布置于这次会后进行,不再进行演练。 4.英语听力播放工作： 由顾老师负责，安排相关人员于周五早上到教导处复制录音，用电脑播放。 二、监考工作做严格 1．监考准时到。请各位领取试卷提前十分钟领试卷，提前5分钟到教室发试卷，发试卷后提醒学生填写相关信息。（周四、周五原有点名时间不变。） 2．对考生考试号负责。请各位老师在考试前5分钟提醒督促学生完成，而且要注意检查每个学生填写到位。 3．监考要严肃。老师不要聊天、打手机、看书、读报等。老师要严肃认真，不要交头接耳，小声聊天，要时刻关注每一个学生，让学生感觉到老师还是很重视考试的，特别是对于不认真的学生，可以提醒认真完成试卷，避免影响别的同学，禁止提前交卷。
大学英语（一） 行政班级分级班级学号 (请将答案写在答题卡上） PartⅠListening Comprehension (15%) 听力题（共 15题,每题1分,共15分） Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections. Section A Directions:There are 5 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The question will be spoken only once. 1. A. A testing system. B. A monitor system. C. A measuring system. D. A control system. 2. A. Car prices. B. Car services. C. The company’s business. D. The company’s culture. 3. A. It’s easy to do. B. It’s challenging. C. He can get a high pay. D. He did the same job before. 4. A. She’ll meet a friend. B. She’ll take a flight. C. She’ll attend an interview at 5:00. D. She’ll see a doctor before 5:00. 5. A. She will report the complaint to the manager. B. The manager refused to talk to the man. C. The manager was on a business trip. D. She will deal with the complaint. Section B Directions:There are 2 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. Conversation 1
期末考试考务工作安排 2013.6. 一、调研年级和科目： 五年级语、数、英；四年级数学；三年级语文为全区调研。其他学科为片区调 研。 二、考试时间：2013年6月25日(周二 午别时 间时间 信 号 年级 科 目 上午8 ：00—9：00 60分钟 哨 声 一、二年级 数 学 8 ：00—9：30 9 0分钟 铃声 三 —五年 级 1 0：00—11：00 6 0分钟 铃声 一 、二年 级 语文1 0：00—10：40 4 0分钟 哨声 三 年级 英语1 0：00—11： 6 0分钟 铃声 四 、五年 级
00 下午1 3： 40—15：00 80分钟 哨 声 三、四年级 语 文 1 3：40—15：10 9 0分钟 铃声 五 年级 每场考试提前5分钟发卷，考试结束前15分钟提醒学生“本场考试还有15分钟结束，请同学们抓紧时间”。 三、具体考务安排： 1、1—5年级期末考试试卷由培训中心研训处统一提供。除全区调研年级，其他年级试卷由研训处发至各片长学校。 2、全区调研年级的考务工作由研训处统一安排，其他年级由各片区统一安排。 3、学生在教室内考试时要做到单人、单桌、单行，考桌原则上一律背向考生，座位间距应不小于60厘米。 4、监考人员安排： (1一、二年级校内推磨监考。 数学： 一(1班：陶德帅一(2班：李赟 二(1班：董璐二(2班：王健铭 语文：
一(1班：谭顺娣一(2班：戴翠 二(1班：施丽二(2班：江娟(2三—五年级区内统一安排监考。 我校由朱方路小学教师进行监考。 (3外出监考人员。学校：镇江实验学校 午 别 三年级(3 四年级(2 五年级(3 上午 冯美娟、丁赵鑫、华 传会 徐义云、孙蓓 张鸿文、刘艳、李 忠明 下午 王琛、全晓莹、冯 琛淋 王挺、崔红艳 陈丽红、朱春芳、董 婷婷 四、考务要求： 1、监考人员于当天上午7：40前，下午1：20前到达指定的监考学校，7：50(下午1：30领取试卷进入考场，7：55(下午1：35分发试卷，学生填写学校、班级和姓名。监考教师要服从监考学校安排，认真履行监考职责，在监考时手机不带进考场，不做与监考无关的事情。每场考试结束后，用双层A4纸订5颗订进行密封试卷并装入试卷袋。 2、巡考人员于考试当日6：40前在培训中心领取被巡考学校调研试卷，于7：40前到达指定的被巡考学校，查看被巡考学校的考场布置，协助被巡考学校做好考务工作。每场考试结束后，巡考督促监考人员按要求封好试卷，当天考试结束后，巡考人员将调研年级试卷送到指定的阅卷地点：三、五年级语文试卷送到宝塔路小学；四、五年级数学试和三—五年级英语试卷送到穆源民族学校。同时将2012—2013学年第二学期期末调研年级学生人数统计表(见附件2交穆源阅卷点杨惠俊处。
可编辑 1某质点的运动学方程x=6+3t-5t 3，则该质点作 （ D ） （A ）匀加速直线运动，加速度为正值 （B ）匀加速直线运动，加速度为负值 （C ）变加速直线运动，加速度为正值 （D ）变加速直线运动，加速度为负值 2一作直线运动的物体，其速度x v 与时间t 的关系曲线如图示。设21t t →时间内合力作功 为A 1，32t t →时间内合力作功为A 2，43t t → 3 C ） （A ）01?A ，02?A ，03?A （B ）01?A ，02?A ， 03?A （C ）01=A ，02?A ，03?A （D ）01=A ，02?A ，03?A 3 关于静摩擦力作功，指出下述正确者（ C ）（A ）物体相互作用时，在任何情况下，每个静摩擦力都不作功。 （B ）受静摩擦力作用的物体必定静止。 （C ）彼此以静摩擦力作用的两个物体处于相对静止状态，所以两个静摩擦力作功之和等于 零。 4 质点沿半径为R 的圆周作匀速率运动，经过时间T 转动一圈，那么在2T 的时间内，其平 均速度的大小和平均速率分别为（B ） （A ） ， （B ） 0， （C ）0， 0 （D ） T R π2， 0 5、质点在恒力F 作用下由静止开始作直线运动。已知在时间1t ?内，速率由0增加到υ； 在2t ?内，由υ增加到υ2。设该力在1t ?内，冲量大小为1I ，所作的功为1A ；在2t ?内， 冲量大小为2I ，所作的功为2A ，则（ D ） A ．2121;I I A A <= B. 2121;I I A A >= C. 2121;I I A A => D. 2121;I I A A =< 6如图示两个质量分别为B A m m 和的物体A 和B 一起在水平面上沿x 轴正向作匀减速直线 运动，加速度大小为a ，A 与B 间的最大静摩擦系数为μ，则A 作用于B 的静摩擦力F 的 大小和方向分别为（D ） 轴正向相反与、轴正向相同 与、轴正向相同 与、轴正向相反 与、x a m D x a m x g m x g m B B B B ,,C ,B ,A μμT R π2T R π2T R π2t
小学期末教学质量检测及六年级抽测工作考务安排 一、期末考务工作具体要求 （一）非抽测年级考务工作安排 各小学要严肃对待期末教学质量检测工作，严格按照教育局通知中确定的考试时间，合理安排非抽测年级期末教学质量检测的考务工作，各年级、各学科都要规范设置考场，原则上每个考场30人，农村学校不足30人，按实际人数编排，单人单桌。要严肃考风考纪，考出真实成绩。任何单位和个人不得擅自更改考试时间和考试科目。考试结束，各单位自行组织阅卷工作，并按照通知要求，在完成阅卷后，将每个年级抽取一个试场的所有学科试卷，送到教师进修学校小学部，教研员要对各个年级的试卷做出详细的质量分析。 （二）六年级抽测考务工作安排 1. 抽测学科、考试时间安排及各学校抽考人数（详见教育局通知） 小学六年级期末教学质量检测学科及时间安排
2.考场编排 六年级试场分抽测试场和非抽测试场，各单位要规范编排抽测试场与非抽测试场，每试场30人，不足30人，按实际人数安排，单人单桌，抽测试场使用单独试卷，教育局安排专人负责抽测试场的监考工作。 3.试卷装订 考试结束后，抽测试场的试卷不用装订，监考教师将试卷收齐，核对无误后密封带回进修学校，交到教务处统一装订。 3.阅卷工作 7月11日，教育局统一组织阅卷。（安排阅卷单位及携带试卷人员、阅卷时间、交通工具） 二、监考人员安排（附名单） 三、监考人员职责 所有监考人员，7月8日早上8:00前携带试卷务必到达监考指定学校，在开考之前，要认真完成两项工作任务： 一是检查一下该校非抽测年级的考试安排情况，是否做到规范编班，单人单桌；是否按照教育局统一安排的时间、年级、科目进行考试。 二是检查一下抽测试场安排情况，发现问题，提早协调、解决。如果发现所到学校考务工作安排不合理，要及时提出整改意见。如果遇到解决不了的问题，要及时报告教育局。（公布教育局联系人电话）
教育学一、名词解释 1、教育 2、学校教育 3、教育学 4、苏格拉底的问答法 5、义务教育 6、普通教育 7、职业教育 8、《学记》9学制 二、填空 1、从形式上看，教育的发展经过了到再到的过程。 2、教育学是研究的一门学科。 3、赫尔巴特的和杜威的可以被看做作是规范教育学形成的标志。 4、教育学成为一门独立学科是以的《大教学论》为标志的。 5、我国最早提出启发式教学思想的是；在国外，启发式教学始于古希腊的。 6、1922年，我国提出了改革学制的方案——壬戌学制，通称学制。 7、在现代教育制度发展趋势的多种特征中，强化、是各国最重要的特征。 8、、、、、是古代教育的基础特征。 9、19世纪以后的近代教育，发展的主要特点是：、、 、。 10、六艺教育是由六门课程组成，分别、、、、、。 11、古代斯巴达教育的目的是培养。 12、第一个提出要使教育学成为科学,并把教育理论建立在伦理学和心理学基础之上的教育家是_，其代表作是《普通教育学》。 三、单选 1、我国第一个实际执行的现代学制是（） A、《奏定学堂章程》 B、《关于改革学制的规定》 C、《壬戌学制》 D、《五四三学制》 2、教育学形成独立学科的开始的标志是（） A、《大教学论》 B、《教育漫话》 C、《普通教育学》 D、《民主主义与教育》
3、教育史上，提出著名“白板说”的是（） A、洛克 B、康德 C、卢梭 D、赫尔巴特 4、战国后期，我国出现的具有世界影响的教育文献是（）。 A 、《大学》 B 、《中庸》 C 、《孟子》 D 、《学记》 5、在世界教育学史上被称为是“现代教育学之父”或“科学教育学的莫基人”的人是（）。 A 、夸美纽斯 B 、赫尔巴特 C 、杜威 D 、拉伊 6、第一个提出要使教育学成为科学，并认为伦理学和心理学应为教育学的理论基础的是（）。 A、赫尔巴特 B、洛克 C、卢梭 D、康德 7、最早运用启发式教学的中外教育家是（）。 A、孔子、苏格拉底 B、孔子、亚里士多德 C、孟子、康德 D、荀子、苏格拉底 8、在“六艺教育”中，伦理道德教育指的是（）。 A、乐 B、书 C、数 D、礼 9、教育是（）。 A、人类所特有的社会现象 B、人类和动物所共有的现象 C、现代社会所特有的现象 D、人类和某些高级动物所共有的现象 10、师范院校开设的公开教育学课程属于（）。 A、学前教育学 B、普通教育学 C、高等教育学 D、职业教育学 11、卢梭的《爱弥尔》宣传的是（）。 A、自然主义教育原则 B、白板说 C、因材施教原则 D、爱的原则 12、杜威所主张的思想被称为（）。 A、要素主义教育思想 B、永恒主义教育思想 C、存在主义教育思想 D、实用主义教育思想 13、马克思主义在教育起源问题上坚持（）。
应办二小2017—2018学年度上学期期末考试考务工作方案为确保我校期末考务工作顺利有序地进行, 根据我校实际，特制定本方案。 一、考场布置： 1、考场地面干净、卫生，考场内凡涉及考试有关的文字资料和课桌内的废纸、杂物等，都必须彻底清除。 2、考试考场实行同年级不同班级学生交叉搭配，请班主任在1月22号上午最后一节课按照考场安排的要求布置考场，考号统一贴在桌子的左上角，从门口第一个桌子开始张贴。 3、各班主任要在考试前将本班学生带到考场，让学生熟悉考场。 4、各班主任布置完考场后，待楼层考场负责人验收后才能离开考场。 二、监考人员职责： 1、每科开考前15分钟各监考教师到考务办公室签到并领取试卷，不得提前启封试卷袋。 2、每科开考前5分钟，监考人员应到达所监考试场，清点试场人数，认真检查考场的布置。如发现未符合要求的，要及时组织调整或清除（尤其是课桌椅间的距离），同时检查清理考生的禁带物品。 3、考试前3分钟，监考人员当众启封试卷袋――分发试卷，强调考生在指定地方填写考号、班级、姓名，保证考试准时开始。 4、考试开始后10分钟内，监考人员应按考生座位号顺序逐个认真核对学生考号、姓名，如有差错或有缺考者应及时报告巡视员，经确认不能参加考试者，监考人员应在缺考试卷填上考号、班级、姓名，并注明缺考原因，装订试卷时要装上空白卷。 5、监考人员要严肃认真、态度和蔼，不准随意走出试场或脸朝门外与隔壁试场监考教师聊天，放任学生自由无序考试。在考室内不准吸烟，阅读书报。 6、考试期间如有偶发事件，监考教师及时向教务处汇报。 7、监考教师必须严格遵守考试时间，任何人不得提前收卷。 8、考试结束后，监考教师要收好试卷（注意不要首尾倒置、不正反颠倒、不漏收试卷，检查是否有特别标记的试卷）。 9、试卷收好后，监考教师要安排学生搞好卫生并将桌椅摆放整齐。 10、整理之后到考务办公室密封装订试卷，交给教务处，第二天各小组组长准时领取各学科试卷。 三、巡视员职责 巡视员组负责考前考场布置、卫生检查及考试中、考试后的秩序、纪律、卫生的检查。 总负责：方辉 教学楼一楼：张祖亮 教学楼二楼：熊亚玲 教学楼三楼：李梦玲 教学楼四楼：彭玉珍
“数据结构”期末考试试题 一、单选题(每小题2分，共12分) 1．在一个单链表HL中，若要向表头插入一个由指针p指向的结点，则执行( )。 A． HL＝ps p一>next＝HL B． p一>next＝HL；HL＝p3 C． p一>next＝Hl；p＝HL； D． p一>next＝HL一>next;HL一>next＝p； 2．n个顶点的强连通图中至少含有( )。 A.n—l条有向边 B.n条有向边 C.n(n—1)／2条有向边 D.n(n一1)条有向边 3.从一棵二叉搜索树中查找一个元素时，其时间复杂度大致为( )。 A.O(1) B.O(n) C.O(1Ogzn) D.O(n2) 4．由权值分别为3，8，6，2，5的叶子结点生成一棵哈夫曼树，它的带权路径长度为( )。 A．24 B．48 C． 72 D． 53 5．当一个作为实际传递的对象占用的存储空间较大并可能需要修改时，应最好把它说明为( )参数，以节省参数值的传输时间和存储参数的空间。 A.整形 B.引用型 C.指针型 D.常值引用型· 6．向一个长度为n的顺序表中插人一个新元素的平均时间复杂度为( )。 A．O(n) B．O(1) C．O(n2) D．O(10g2n) 二、填空题(每空1分，共28分) 1．数据的存储结构被分为——、——、——和——四种。 2．在广义表的存储结构中，单元素结点与表元素结点有一个域对应不同，各自分别为——域和——域。 3．——中缀表达式 3十x*(2.4／5—6)所对应的后缀表达式为————。 4．在一棵高度为h的3叉树中，最多含有——结点。 5．假定一棵二叉树的结点数为18，则它的最小深度为——，最大深度为——· 6．在一棵二叉搜索树中，每个分支结点的左子树上所有结点的值一定——该结点的值，右子树上所有结点的值一定——该结点的值。 7．当向一个小根堆插入一个具有最小值的元素时，该元素需要逐层——调整，直到被调整到——位置为止。 8．表示图的三种存储结构为——、——和———。 9．对用邻接矩阵表示的具有n个顶点和e条边的图进行任一种遍历时，其时间复杂度为——，对用邻接表表示的图进行任一种遍历时，其时间复杂度为——。 10．从有序表(12，18，30，43，56，78，82，95)中依次二分查找43和56元素时，其查找长度分别为——和——· 11．假定对长度n＝144的线性表进行索引顺序查找，并假定每个子表的长度均为，则进行索引顺序查找的平均查找长度为——，时间复杂度为——· 12．一棵B—树中的所有叶子结点均处在——上。 13．每次从无序表中顺序取出一个元素，把这插入到有序表中的适当位置，此种排序方法叫做——排序；每次从无序表中挑选出一个最小或最大元素，把它交换到有序表的一端，此种排序方法叫做——排序。 14．快速排序在乎均情况下的时间复杂度为——，最坏情况下的时间复杂度为——。 三、运算题(每小题6分，共24分) 1．假定一棵二叉树广义表表示为a(b(c，d)，c(((，8)))，分别写出对它进行先序、中序、后序和后序遍历的结果。 先序：
考务培训会上的讲话在考试考务人员培训会上的讲话第一、要高度重视,明确工作职责,切实抓好关键环节的工作这次考试,我们共安排了30个考场,考生898人. 录取比例12:1,竞争十分激烈.在座的同志们作为本次考试的组织者和实施者,责任重大. 考生在考场上参加考试,我们在考试中接受检验.有多少考生参加考试,就有多少双眼睛监督着我们的言行举止. 能否组织好这次考试,是对我们的组织能力、工作作风、执行纪律的一次严峻考验.对此,大家必须有一个清醒的认识. 为了保证考试顺利进行,圆满完成,考务办专门制定了《秩序册》,它是全体考务人员必须严格遵守的行为规范和. 准则.大家要抱着对组织和广大考生高度负责的态度,认真落实工作职责和守则的各项要求,不厌其烦,精益求精,把各项准备工作做的更细一些,把可能遇到的问题考虑的更充分一些,应急方案制定的更周全一些,坚决杜绝一切安全隐患. 一是要严格按规定布置考场.大家多年来一直承担各种考试任务,应该说是行家里手. 但是,越是行家里手,越要克服麻痹大意思想,警钟长鸣.多给自己提个醒,决不能掉以轻心,一定要高标准、严要求,把工作做实做细. 比如规范张贴考号、门标、考点条幅,摆放考场示意版面等,都要做到一丝不苟,给考生营造一个良好的考试环境.二是要严格选调监考教师和工作人员. 堡垒最容易从内部攻破,发生考试违纪、影响考试安全的,都发生在我们内部.所以选好监考老师和工作人员,是考务工作最重要的环节. 巡考既要监督考生,还要监督监考老师.选好监考老师,教务科长是 第一责任人,一定要选择工作认真、作风正派、责任心强的教师来完成这项工作,决不能应付差事,随便派人. 工作人员和监考人员要严格执行回避制度,对有直系亲属参加考试的,一律不得安排参与考务工作.如果发现有人应回避而不主动申报的,我们将严肃追究当事人的责任.