上海交通大学
博士后学位论文
中国有机农业评述及有机和常规生产系统中施肥水平对温室甜
瓜生长发育和品质形成的影响
姓名:Philipp Lehne
申请学位级别:博士后
专业:植物学(植物营养)
指导教师:黄丹枫
20070601
arelargecontributionstOtheemissionofgreenhousegases(N02,N20,Nit3,CH4),eutrophicationofwaterandthereleaseoforganicandinorganictoxicantsintotheenvironment雠9】.Higherefficiencyininputuseandinputreductionarethereforekeyissuesinagriculture.Recyclingisnotanewideatoagriculture.Compostedplantresiduesandlivestockdungaleprominentexamplesofon-farmrecyclingandnight-soilisallexampleforrecyclingthatmayexceedthefarmborders.InGermanythemostwidelyusedrecycledresoLtrccsa『esewagesludgefromcommunalwastewatertreatmentandcompostedorganicwastefromcommunalcollection伊ig.1-3).Animalmealashes[tOlandtheextensionofOil.farmbiogasproductionwithco-fermentationoforganicwastesaddnewresourcesforrecyclinginagriculture.
ThekeyproblemthathastobedealtwithiSthecontentofunwantedsubstancesinrecycledorganicresourcesase.g.heavymetals,organicpollutantsortoxicsubstances.Itisthereforeinquestionwhichoftheseoff-farmresourcescanbeusedinagricultureinthefutureandwhichofthemwillbebannedbylegislation.Foron—farmresourcesthecontaminationofrecycledresourcesismainlydeterminedbythecontaminationoftheexternalinputsase.g.animalfodderanddrugsorpesticides.
F培1-3Containecsforpaper,packages,ghss,o姆面cs,garbage,clothesinGemaanyff'Ilcg2000)
Althoughrecyclinginagricultureisagoodideaandhelpstosaveprimaryresources,
dispc删carehastobetakenaboutcontamination勰recycledproductsarehighly
5
has
b∞n
a
dramaticgrowthinorganicagricultureinthelast25years.Untiltheearly
1990sthisgrowthWaSmainlydrivenbygrassrootsorganizations,farmersandtraders.Fromthengovernmentalsubsidies
helpedtofurdacrincreaseorganicproduction【2‘l
buttheoverallbenefitfororganicfarmersisnot
veryhigh瞄1.TheGermanorganic
foodmarketwas3.5billionEuroin2004(2t6%ofthetotalGermanfood
market)andgrowsabout5-15%eachyearwhereasmanyothermarketsshmnkin
feint
years.AstheGermangovernmentfoundorganicfarmingtosupporttheagricultural
policy,organic
food
demand
WaS
encouraged
inreoentyearsby
advcrtis啊nent(Fig.
1-51.
Fig,1-4
Increaseof
o舭icfarming
areainGermanyfrom1978
to
2003嘲
F.喙.1-5
Germangovemmentaladver-t/sementfororganicproducts
(2003):”Organic
isfun”
1.2.4.
Advantagesanddisadvantagesoforganicfarming
Thekeyelementsoforganicfarming
afe
croprotation,biologicalnitrogenfixation
andprotectionofthecrop(orlivestock)frompestsanddiseasesby
management