2018届二轮复习七选五专题卷

[全国卷3年考情分析][命题者说]阅读七选五不但要求学生扎实地掌握词汇和句子、语段和语篇等方面的知识，而且要求学生具备综合分析和辩证的逻辑思维能力，这是实现学生对阅读材料深层理解的基础性能力。

这种题型的语篇主线通常都很清晰，通常都是具有明确的逻辑关系的议论文或说明文。

该题型中设有五个空，而对应的选项有七个，其中有两个选项为干扰性错误选项。

这七个选项通常包括主旨句、过渡性句子、细节注释性句子三类。

主旨句主要以标题类和主题句为主，过渡性句子通常涉及文章结构，细节注释性句子主要涉及上下文逻辑意义。

因此学生需要根据文章结构、内容选出正确的选项填入相应的空白处。

新课程标准中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的阅读学习的教学理念在本题型中得以充分体现，学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握也得到了考查。

综合上表可知，段首题和段中题是考查重点，而段中题又以并列或递进关系和转折或让步关系居多，这就要求考生必须联系上下文去做题，仔细揣摩上下句之间的逻辑关系。

因此，在做阅读七选五时，考生可以从“位置”和“逻辑”两个角度来把握该题型的解题技巧。

下面我们就从这两个角度分两个方面来突破这一题型！掌握通性通法，内化快捷解题路径一、段首题1．空格为主旨句在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句。

学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句，从而确定答案：有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。

一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。

[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)·__17__In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day？Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.B．Find the right motivation.[解析]本题空格在段首，需要填一个主旨句或一个承上启下句。

阅读七选五专题练阅读七选五专练(一)A(2017·成都市高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测)Color is in everything we touch, taste, smell and feel.It evokes (唤起) emotion without any thought.__1__ We are all familiar with it, but do you know the following facts?Silver will save your life.When buying a new car and finding yourself facing various choices, you can’t think clearly.Your best choice is to go with silver.Silver­colored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident.__2__ Another reason is the silver color’s ability to have a look of cleanliness.__3__ Tough prisoners and crazy patients? It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control.So it surely has a useful place and a purpose, other than decorating a dress or Barbie’s dream house.Yellow makes you hungry.Yellow and orange are not recommended for use in kitchens, as they have a positive influence on your appetite.__4__ I’m not normally one for conspiracy (阴谋) theories —but perhaps there’s something in it for them if we remain ignorant of yellow’s effects.Color is an imaginary friend.Technically, it’s all in our heads: color does not exist at all.__5__ So, if you start a heated debate over color combinations with someone that you are certain has a low IQ or is just color­blind, remember it’s a pointless argument and you should drop it instantly.You’re both wrong.A．Pink comforts the nerves.B．Blue is the most common favorite color.C．They are most noticeable on the road and in low light.D．Yellow­colored walls seldom leave us wanting more food.E．It can be the focus of our careers, our lifestyle and the fun we have.F．Then where would our restaurant owners be without the clever tricks?G．Color tries to make sense of the huge amount of information from the outer world.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一些色彩的作用。

Passage 1(2017·湖南十三校第一次联考) Every culture has its own unwritten list of behavior that is acceptable.Every society also has its taboos，or types of behavior that are considered a violation of good manners.The word taboo comes from the Tongan language and is used in modern English to describe verbal and nonverbal behavior that is forbidden or to be avoided.__36__They tend to be specific to a culture or country，and usually form around a group’s values and beliefs.What is considered acceptable behavior in one country may be a serious taboo in another.Verbal taboos usually involve topics that people believe are too private to talk about publicly，or relate to one’s manner of speaking.In many cultures，for example，it is considered bad manners to discuss subjects such as sex or religion in public.In some countries，too much volume of one’s voice may annoy people.__37____38__For example，one of the biggest differences among many Western，Asian，and African cultures is the use of eye contact.In the US，people make eye contact when they talk to others.__39__In many Asian and African cultures，however，children are taught to lower their eyes when talking to their elders，or those of higher rank，as a way to show respect.Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings depending on the country you are in.Crossing your middle finger over your forefinger is the sign for good luck in many Western countries.__40__Also，in some Asian countries，moving your hands a lot while talking，or “talking with your hands”，is considered unsuitable.Behavior that is acceptable and non-offensive in one culture can be highly offensive in another.When visiting a foreign country，be aware of some of the basic differences，as this will help to ensure a more enjoyable trip.A. Nonverbal taboos usually relate to body language.B．In Vietnam and Argentina，however，it is a rude gesture.C．In spite of what some people may think，taboos are not universal.D．Cancer is a taboo subject and people are frightened to talk openly about it.E．Learn a country’s customs so that you don’t hurt the local people unconsciously.F．They might think that someone who is speaking or laughing loudly is rude or aggressive.G．If a person avoids eye contact，others might think they are being dishonest or unconfident.语篇解读本文主要讲不同国家习俗方面的禁忌，以及肢体语言、手势语的不同运用。

A(2017·广州检测二)Philadelphia is a city known for many things. It is where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, and it was also the first capital of the United States.1.________ It is home to nearly 3，000 murals(壁画) painted on the sides of homes and buildings around the city. That’s more murals than any other city on Earth.2.________More than 20 years ago, a New Jersey artist named Jane Golden started a program pairing troubled youth with artists to paint murals on a few buildings around the city. 3.________ The teenagers involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, and there were other, even more important, benefits. The young people learned to cooperate and get along with many different kinds of people during the painting. They learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were completed. 4.________ It is hard for anyone to see the spectacular designs and not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia.Take a walk around some of the poorest neighbourhoods in Philadelphia and you will find beautiful works of art on the sides and fronts of buildings. Of course the murals are not just in poor neighbourhoods, but richer ones as well. Special buses take tourists to different parts of the city to see the various murals, which show the diverse ethnic groups that call Philadelphia home.5．________ It is also a model for other cities throughout America seeking to help troubled youth.A．How did this come to be?B．What happened to the murals on earth?C．They also learned to take pride in their community.D．But one fact about Philadelphia is not so well­known.E．From this small project, something magical happened.F．The program encouraged troubled youth to paint together with their teachers.G．As a result of its success, the mural program has now become the nation’s largest public art program.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了费城壁画的发展历史及其重大意义。

[全国卷3年考情分析][命题者说]阅读七选五不但要求学生扎实地掌握词汇和句子、语段和语篇等方面的知识，而且要求学生具备综合分析和辩证的逻辑思维能力，这是实现学生对阅读材料深层理解的基础性能力。

这种题型的语篇主线通常都很清晰，通常都是具有明确的逻辑关系的议论文或说明文。

该题型中设有五个空，而对应的选项有七个，其中有两个选项为干扰性错误选项。

这七个选项通常包括主旨句、过渡性句子、细节注释性句子三类。

主旨句主要以标题类和主题句为主，过渡性句子通常涉及文章结构，细节注释性句子主要涉及上下文逻辑意义。

因此学生需要根据文章结构、内容选出正确的选项填入相应的空白处。

新课程标准中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的阅读学习的教学理念在本题型中得以充分体现，学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握也得到了考查。

综合上表可知，段首题和段中题是考查重点，而段中题又以并列或递进关系和转折或让步关系居多，这就要求考生必须联系上下文去做题，仔细揣摩上下句之间的逻辑关系。

因此，在做阅读七选五时，考生可以从“位置”和“逻辑”两个角度来把握该题型的解题技巧。

下面我们就从这两个角度分两个方面来突破这一题型！掌握通性通法，内化快捷解题路径一、段首题1．空格为主旨句在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句。

学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句，从而确定答案：有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。

一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。

[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)·__17__In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day？Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.B．Find the right motivation.[解析]本题空格在段首，需要填一个主旨句或一个承上启下句。

七选五专题练习（附参照答案）一The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. __1__ By helping them develop classicskills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1． CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. __2__ Ask kids, “ What ingredients ( 配料 ) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time ？” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?2． CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. __3__ There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3． Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what's going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. __4__ “ Why do you think she's crying ？”“ Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face ？”“If someone were to do that to you,how would you feel ？”4． Self Expression__5__ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas— music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A ． Encourage kids to cook with you.B．And we can't forget science education.C．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D． So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?E．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F． We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G． Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.文章粗心：本文为一篇说明文。

1.【2018·全国卷I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Color is fundamental in home design — something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you’re looking forC. If you’re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

Passage 1(2017·湖南十三校第一次联考) Every culture has its own unwritten list of behavior that is acceptable.Every society also has its taboos，or types of behavior that are considered a violation of good manners.The word taboo comes from the Tongan language and is used in modern English to describe verbal and nonverbal behavior that is forbidden or to be avoided.__36__They tend to be specific to a culture or country，and usually form around a group’s values and beliefs.What is considered acceptable behavior in one country may be a serious taboo in another.Verbal taboos usually involve topics that people believe are too private to talk about publicly，or relate to one’s manner of speaking.In many cultures，for example，it is considered bad manners to discuss subjects such as sex or religion in public.In some countries，too much volume of one’s voice may annoy people.__37____38__For example，one of the biggest differences among many Western，Asian，and African cultures is the use of eye contact.In the US，people make eye contact when they talk to others.__39__In many Asian and African cultures，however，children are taught to lower their eyes when talking to their elders，or those of higher rank，as a way to show respect.Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings depending on the country you are in.Crossing your middle finger over your forefinger is the sign for good luck in many Western countries.__40__Also，in some Asian countries，moving your hands a lot while talking，or “talking with your hands”，is considered unsuitable.Behavior that is acceptable and non-offensive in one culture can be highly offensive in another.When visiting a foreign country，be aware of some of the basic differences，as this will help to ensure a more enjoyable trip.A. Nonverbal taboos usually relate to body language.B．In Vietnam and Argentina，however，it is a rude gesture.C．In spite of what some people may think，taboos are not universal.D．Cancer is a taboo subject and people are frightened to talk openly about it.E．Learn a country’s customs so that you don’t hurt the local people unconsciously.F．They might think that someone who is speaking or laughing loudly is rude or aggressive.G．If a person avoids eye contact，others might think they are being dishonest or unconfident.语篇解读本文主要讲不同国家习俗方面的禁忌，以及肢体语言、手势语的不同运用。

【西城二模】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Bad News for the Highly IntelligentThere are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events.51 In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood (情绪) disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiologic al “overexcitabilities”, or OE. 52 This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. 53The results of this study must be interpreted cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. 54 All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene (基因) influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. 55In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being.A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people.B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages.E. That may cause the body’s stress respons e, which may make the person even more anxious.F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ.G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders.51．A 52．C 53．E 54．F 55．B【东城二模】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

七选五高考真题专项训练Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit （利润）一that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 1 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 2Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 3 One is the establishment （制定）of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 4 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision （监管）and guidance by the management in authority. 5—A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C.Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D.However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F.In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.G.Planning in business management has three main aspects.Public Speaking Training•Get a coach] ,so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.•Focus on positivesAny training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. 2 , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.• 3If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what youYe going to be talking about.4.As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.•You are a special person not a cloneMost importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 5 . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.A.You aren't like anybody elseB.You already do lots of things wellC.Turn your back on too many rulesD.Check the mles about dos and don'tsE.Whatever the presentation, public speaking is toughF .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleepG. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worseUrbanizationUntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 1 .In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural （乡村的）villages- It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history--- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning. 2— .The process of urbanization--- the migration （迁移）of people from the countryside to the city— was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. — 3Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.4— .Until modem times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite（精英）and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 5 —Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A.That kept cities very small.B.The rest live in small towns.C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D.Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.E.But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.ForgivenessTo forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.1 Try the following steps:Calm yourself 2 You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.Don't wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way.3 Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.Take the control away from your offender（冒犯者）.Rethinking about you hurt, gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.4 If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.Don't forget to forgive yourself 5 But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't do it.A.Why should you forgive?B.How should you start to forgive?C.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.D.Try to see things from you offender's angle.E.For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.F.To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.G.If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed from time to time. 1 Some ways of dealing with stress 一like screaming or hitting someone 一don't solve (解决)much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1)Get support When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk toa trusted adult, such as parent or other relatives. 2 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.(2)Don f t take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself 3(3)Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business. 4 Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.(4)Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂廿寸的).Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 5A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B.Notice your friends1 feelings and find a way to help them.C.Different people feel stress in different waysD.Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.E.You need to figure out what the problem is.F.And don't forget about your friends.G- Then, find a way to calm down.How to Make FriendsFriendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved intoa new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend.1 But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.1.Associate with others.The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.2.Start a conversationStarting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 2 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.3. 3Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.4.Let it grow.It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 4 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.5.Enjoy your friendshipThe best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 5— Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.A.Be cheerful.B.Do things together.C.Do not wait to be spoken to.D.Try not to find fault with your friends.E.Making new friends comes easy for some people.F.For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.G.So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.1 Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. 2There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. 3—Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.Money MattersParents should help their children understand money. 1 So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.1.The basic function of moneyBegin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier（i|攵乍艮员）. 2 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.2.Money lessonsApproach money lessons with openness and honesty. 3 If you must say no to a child's request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many differ ent things, say, "You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”3. 4Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product——a name brand butter and a generic （无商标产品），for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money, 5 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.A.Wise decisionsB.The value of moneyC.Permit the child to choose between them.D.Tell your child why he can— r cannot一have certain things.E.Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to youF.Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.G.The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.Public Speaking and Critical ThinkingWhat is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it's a matter of logic（逻辑）一of being able to spot weaknesses in other people's arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking一the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas, \ The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking.2 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. 3What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 4 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 5 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.A.Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.B.This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.C.It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.D.It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.E.If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer isquite a lot.F.The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinkerin a number of ways.G.As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see howthey can be used in other forms of communication as well.2010辽宁卷BAGCDI was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier （收令艮台）in her general store. _1 I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely andsaying n thank you”.At first I was paid in candy.2_ I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. —3By the time I was 12, my grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics （化，女品）. I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as H What color do you think I should wear?" I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup （化妆）ideas- _4The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn't need to be a rocket scientist-you needed to be a great listener.5_ Except they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.ter I received 50 cents an hour.B.Before long, she let me sit there by myself.C.I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.D.Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.E.My grandma's trust taught me how to handle responsibility.F.Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.G.Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.2010北京卷CBFDAMuzakThe next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear?1 It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That'sbecause this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.Quiet background music used to be called n elevator （电梯）music11 because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name "Muzak”. About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak” every day. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired.2If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don r t want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why?3Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background.4 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.5 They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!A.Some people don't like Muzak.B.The music gives them extra energy.C.Music is playing in the background.D.Factory workers produce 13 percent more.E.Muzak tends to help people understand music better.F.They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.G.Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.2013新课标全国1 DCGEA 2013课标卷全国II EBCGA2013北京卷EDBAF2013辽宁卷BFGDE2012新课标全国卷CFAED2012辽宁卷ECBGD2012北京卷BDGFC2011全国卷GFDAC2011北京卷DEAFG2010辽宁卷BAGCD2010北京卷CBFDA4 “Academics are impor tant. But if you don't have emotional （情感的）intelligence, you won't be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.What's the best way to up your EQ （'清商）？For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others 5To really develop empathy, yoifd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a "sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person•B • That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, theresearchers said.C."One doesn't develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking/4 5Freed says.D.Humans learn by example一and most of the examples on it are anything butempathetic.E.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else一both what theythink and how they feel.F.Good social skills一including empathy一are a kind of "emotional intelligence” thatwill help you succeed in many areas of life.G.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human一andhaving empathy is decisive to those relationships.。