Translation Exercises 3
1.There are two classes of people: the selfish and the selfless;
these are respected, while those are looked down upon.
有两种人：自私的人和无私的人；前者招人唾弃，后者受人尊重。
2．Chinese thinkers of the pre-Qin days (over 2,000 years ago) advanced the doctrine “loving people and treating neighbors kindly are most valuable to a country”.
先秦时代（大约2000年以前）的中国学者提出学说“关爱别人，友善邻里是一个
国家最宝贵的东西。”
3.Men and nations working apart created these problems: men and nations working together must solve them.
人民和国家分离开来产生了这些问题，人民和国家团结起来一定能解决问题。
4. He was astounded but highly pleased that the man who presided over the destinies of the mighty British Empire should come pleading to him.
他很震惊但非常高兴主持英帝国命运之神的人将迎接他。
5. He put forward some new ideas to challenge the interest of all concerned.
他提出一些新的想法去挑战所有人都关心的利益。
6. A shy, retiring man known to his Columbia University students as a dull lecturer, he had the brilliance of mind that made him the teacher of his time, respected by presidents and philosophers alike.
被哥伦比亚大学学生认为迟钝的羞涩的退休老人有卓越的才华，这使他成为当时的学者，被院长和类似的哲学家尊重。
7. This was the last place the colonialists would leave, for in it lay riches and natural resources.
这是殖民主义者最后被解放的地方，因为这儿有丰富的自然资源。
8. There is a definite link between smoking and heart disease and lung cancer. But this doesn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company.
吸烟与心脏疾病、肺癌有一定的联系，但是这不至于让你如此不舒服，因为你在好的公司。
9. I don't t each because teaching is easy for me.
我没有做教师因为教学对我很容易。
10. One can scarcely pay too high a price for liberty.
一个人不能为自由付出太高的代价。
11. They plan to publish a work on the effects on international law of the establishment of a new international economic order.
他们计划公布一份关于国际法律中新的国际经济法规的建立的影响的成果。
12. Revolution in the Marxist sense means a moral as well as a material change.
马克思主义的思想变革意为着心灵和身体的改变。
13. No one will deny that what we have been able to do in the past five years is especially striking in view of the crisis which we inherited from the previous government.
没有人能够否认我们过去五年能够做的是坚持在危难时刻保持自我，这个从前政府保留下来的优良传统。
14. For new machines or techniques are not merely a product, but s source, of fresh creative idea.
新药和新技术不仅仅是一个产品，而且是一种新鲜思想的源泉。
15. Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily man, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer secretaries women.
正像所有卡车司机和建筑工人不再是必须的男人，所有的秘书和接待员也不再必
须是女人。
16. This book is at once interesting and instructive.
这本书非常有趣，很有教育意义。
17. The greatness o a people is no more determined by their number than the greatness of a man is determined by his height.
个人的伟大由他达到的高度决定,而人民的伟大不是由人数决定。
18. A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is
a man.
没有爱的家庭就像没有思想的人一样不再是一个家。
19. Kissinger took them on for their ability, not their politics --- a fact that disturbed Haldeman, who always felt ill at ease in the presence of intellectuals, and, in addition, was suspicious of anyone who was not totally committed to Nixon.
基辛格带着他们是因为他们的能力，不是礼貌所致。一个事实是在展现才华时的霍尔德曼被打扰到时通常感到无限的失落，另外，他怀疑任何人有没有对尼克松不敬。
20．It is impossible to overestimate the value of the invention.
发明的价值永远不会被高估。
21. 顾名思义，这是一束再放的花朵。它曾经绽开在大中学生的教材里，摇曳在中文教师的讲义上，灿烂在无数学子的诵读中。春光如水，十年过去，也许五年或十五年,甚而至于更多一些年头，昔日少年已是今天的白领阶层，抑或社会各个阶层各种角色的扮演者，对于曾经在课堂上读过的文章，至今余香在口，每能忆起，那同学少年，那花样季节，那响彻幽雅校园的琅琅之声，无一不令人心醉。于是有一天，我们这一套书的编者便作如是想，假使将那十年前读过的名篇重编一书，新加评注，让旧的读者以新的心境再读一篇，连同已逝的韶华一并温习，不亦乐乎？——《朝花惜拾＊序》
As the name suggests, this is a coming out flower. It ever bloomed in the book of middle school students and university students ,sway in Chinese teacher`s teachering material, Many of the students read in bright, Spring water, 10 years in the past, maybe five years or 15 years, even as for more years, old young has is today's white-collar, or social classes in different character actor, in class for ever read the article, so far in the mouth, every mouth can remember, that classmate, the young season, the pattern of the campus through quiet and tastefully laid out and the sound of work all is an enchantment. So one day, we this a set of books and the editor
for if, if will want to read that ten years ago is renowned for his new added rewoven, comments, let the old readers in the new mood again read an article, along with has gone up together, joy is the young?
22. 相传四五千年以前，黄河流域发生了一次特大的水灾，洪水冲毁了房屋和村庄，淹没了田地，淹死了许多人。活着的人只好搬到山上去住，或者离开家乡，逃到很远很远的地方去。It is said that forty-five thousand years ago, The Yellow River basin has been a major flood, the floods damaged homes and villages and flooded fields, many people drowned. The living had to move to a mountain to live, or to leave home, fled to a distant place.
Translation Exercises 4
1.Men in the very beginning of their life
Are naturally good.
Their natures are similar
And their habits become widely different.
人之初，性本善，性相近，习相远。
2.To feed without teaching
Is the father’s fault.
To teach without severity
Is the teacher’s laziness.
养不教，父之过，教不严，师之惰。
3.The Master said, Is it not a pleasure, having learned something, to try it out at due intervals? Is it not a joy to have friends come from afar? Is it not gentlemanly not to take offence when others fail to appreciate your abilities?
孔子曰：温故而知新，有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？
4. He encouraged the reemergence of Arab pride, but within the context
of realism and responsibility.
他鼓励阿拉伯复兴的骄傲，但在现实主义和责任的范围之内。
5. Kissinger, during his news conference, followed a clear two-track policy: soft-talking the Russians out of a confrontation, after having alerted American military forces to get ready for one. That was classic Kissinger.
基辛格在他的新闻发布会上，遵循一个明确的双轨政策：软谈论一个对抗俄国，后惊动美国军队能为一个准备。这就是典型的基辛格。
6. For Kissinger, who spent a great deal of time over the next weeks and months smoothing the ruffled feathers of both allies and adversaries, the President’s announcement had a very special meaning. He had already become something of a celebrity, even before China, but now he was catapulted into national and international stardom. On July 17 the New York Times dubbed Kissinger “the inscrutable Occidental.”He manages “the development of presidential diplomacy,” it wrote, “while creating the illusion that he is a fulltime permanent floating cocktail party guest of honor. That takes dazzling intellect, fancy footwork, beguiling aplomb and, it sometimes seems, mirrors.”
但在为基辛格，花了在未来几周和几个月内平滑的盟友和对手的羽毛竖起了大量的时间，总统宣布了一个非常特殊的意义。他已经成为一个名人的东西，即使在中国，但现在他已被纳入国家和国际明星一跃。7月17日的纽约时报基辛格称为“西方的高深莫测。“他管理“的总统外交事业的发展，“它说，“虽然创造了错觉，以为他是一个全职永久浮动鸡尾酒荣誉党嘉宾。这需要耀眼的智慧，花式步法，沉着和欺骗，它有时似乎镜子。“现实主义与责任的范围内。
7. But since he was aware that the official version of reality was usually self-serving, he slipped out of the VIP rut and began soliciting the views of the non-establishmentarians.
但因为他知道现实的正式版本通常是自私的，他溜出贵宾发情，并开始征求非建制的意见。
8. John can be relied: He eats no fish and plays the game.
约翰的看法：他没有鱼吃，只有游戏可玩。
9.Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War. 希特勒全副武装发动了第二次世界大战。
10.Gone are the days when imperialism ran wild in our country and lorded it over the people.
帝国主义在我们的国家横行欺压人民的日子已经过去了。
11. It was bronchitis that finished her, helped by a week of November fog
and Gressley’s industrial dirt and smoke. In ten days she was dead. 是支气管炎毁了她，在十一月的工业污垢和烟雾的摧残下，她于十天后死了。
12. “He makes me mad, Bob,” she said one night when they were alone. “Just sitting there all day while I have to clean round him.”
“他简直使我发疯Bob”她说，那天他们在一起，“他就在那儿坐了一整天，而我却得打扫”。
13. In order to tell what I believe, I must briefly sketch something of my personal history.
为了说明我的信仰，我必须简要地概述一下我个人的过去。
14. I stayed four years, worked harder than I had ever dreamed of working before and enjoyed every minute of it. “Enjoyed” is too mild a word.
I walked on air. I really lived.
我呆了四天，比我之前想的更加努力工作，并且享受每一分钟。“Ejoyed”是一个多么狂热的词。我漫步在空气中。我真的活着。
15. Herbert is a man who knows all about railway tickets, and packing, and being in time for trains, and things like that.
赫伯特是这样一个人：知道有关火车票和打包的消息，并且知道列车始发时间之类的事。
16. I have rarely seen the Commons so full and so silent as when it met yesterday to hear of the London bombings. A forum that often is raucous and rowdy was solemn and grave.
我很少见过这么多的人，所以在昨天伦敦发生爆炸案的时候才会如此沉默。喧闹和粗暴更显示出了这个“论坛”的严肃和庄重。
17. Some of the winning proposals sound truly wacky. Putting bacterial spores into people to prevent disease is probably top of that list. 获奖的部分建议听起来很古怪。建议中最多的是：把细菌孢子植入人体以防疾病18．She enrolled at Corning Community College, home now to the Eileen Collins Observatory with its 20-inch telescope. At the time her father thought she should be an accountant.
她就读于康宁社区学院，拥有20英尺的望远镜的艾琳柯林斯天文台是它的前身。在那时，他父亲认为她应该是一名会计的。
Translation Exercises 5
1. Disney made his reputation in 1928 with the film debut of Mickey Muse.
And guest approached Disneyland like a film.
迪士尼在1928年因影片米老鼠声明鹊起，游客在迪士尼乐园的场景就像一部影片。
2．At a time when those doing business in China are already suffering from increased competition and oversupply. And mainland firms are becoming aggressive exporters of everything from textiles and steel to electronics and even cars.
在那个年代里，在中国做生意的人已经感到越来越大的竞争和供过于求。并且大陆的多家公司已经演变成从纺织品和钢铁岁电子产品，甚至汽车掠夺一切的侵略者
3．Africa’s escape route from extreme poverty has now been charted.
Several recent studies, including those by The New Partnership and Prime Minister Tony Blair’s Commission for Africa, have all pointed in the same direction.
非洲从极度贫困中脱离的轨迹已经被记录。最近的几次研究，包括由新的合作伙伴和托尼.布莱尔首相对南非的授权，都得出了相同的说明。
4．The relatively low barriers to entry remain one of the most alluring features of the internet—and the greatest threat to any incumbent firm. 相对低的关卡互联网最诱人的特色，也是任何不坚定的人最大的威胁。5．“Together, we can pursue some very significant growth opportunities,”
e-Bay Chief Executive Margaret C. Whitman said in an early-morning conference call. “We can create an unparalleled e-commerce engine.”
“我们在一起，追求非常有意义的成长机遇”惠特曼在早上的会议电话上说。“我们能创造空前的成功。”
6．They religiously chant the mantra of “innovation, innovation”, but despite the money lavished on battalions of white coated scientists and food technicians, consumers goods companies.
尽管钱被大量用作科学家的争斗，食品技术，消费商品公司，但是他们仍虔诚地高唱“改革，改革”的颂歌。
7. Primarily, it’s a realization that dealing with it now can only be
easier than dealing with it in the future.
有一个基本的认识现在处理这件事比将来处理这件事更容易。
8. Even within countries whose governments are allied with the US in the war on terror, and who have sent troops to Iraq, there is a sense that US polices have not made the world a safer place.
甚至在国家政府和美国在反恐中结盟的国家和已将足迹留在伊拉克的国家，都有一种美国国防局没有给世界带来安全的感觉。
9．When you become a successful screen writer, you gain status without
daily accountability, and as a consequence your success may lead you to more alcohol, more parties, and more obesity.
当你成为一个一个成功的网络作家，你将得到威望而不必承担每天都需要的责任，和不受你的成功将导致你成为酒鬼，参加更多聚会，变肥的影响。
10. For most Chinese graduate students the language problem soon begins to resolve itself after arrival in the U.S.
很多中国大学生的语言问题在他们到美国后不久就自动得到解决。
11. Someone was pleading for the return of a lost beagle puppy in the
vicinity of our grade school. I couldn’t bring myself to pick up the phone.
一些人祈求我们学校附近走丢的兔子回来。我不能去捡那部手机。
12. There’s already a great focus on efficient design and minimizing
excess energy usage that produces heat, which is the enemy of long life for electronics.
大家一直聚焦高效的设计和过量的能量使用致热，这是电子学寿命长短的敌人。
13. Five years ago in Lisbon European officials proclaimed their intention
to become the world’s premier “knowledge economy” by 2010.
五年前在里斯本欧洲官员宣布了他们到2010年成为世界主要的知识经济体系的
意图。
14. As Shakespea re’s most famous villainess cries, “Out, damned spot!”the doctor whispers a warning to his fellow witness: “Go to, go to; you have known what you should not.”
当莎士比亚最著名的女恶棍哭着说：“滚，可恶的斑点！”医生低声警告他跟随的目击者“随他，随他，你该知道你不该干啥。”
15. Researchers have long known about the troubling presence of arsenic
in well water across great swaths of the region, a problem that affects
thousands of people.
研究者好早就知道含有砷的水给草原地区的人带来的麻烦，一个影响上千人的问题。
16．A combination of Reebok International and Adidas-Salomon AG, announced Aug. 3 by the two companies, is one of those mergers with which it’s difficult to find fault.
8月3号两家公司宣布国际锐步和阿迪达斯的合并，是无可挑剔的一次合并。17．The big thing in Japan is the 100 shop, an echo of the dollar stores that are approaching extinction in the American scene。
在日本最大的事是100号船，美元库的声波引起了美国背景接近灭绝。
18. For the United States and the European Union, China makes an easy
target in uncertain times. They are hitting below the bel t, and they may pay dearly for it.
对于美国和欧盟，中国在动荡的时代达到一个容易的目标。他们还清了债务，他们轻易地付清了她。
19. Providers have been slow to develop such costly information technology solutions. “Money is always an underlying issue,” Wade notes of the cost to wire hospitals, which typically operate on very thin margins.
供应商已经慢下来发展这样有价值的信息技术解决方案。“钱一直是个根本的问题，”怀特解释了医疗器械的花费，这典型的用很少的保证金解决的问题。
20. What is clear is that, given the paucity of systematic evidence, it
is not necessary to be a placard-waving protestor to harbor doubts about the validity of animal testing.
很明显,有少量的有条理的证据，就没有必要成为被贴告示的受害人去怀疑对动
物做实验的合法性。
21. “Japanese consumers are becoming a lot more conscious about values,”
says company spokesman Akio Okamura. “They know that their salaries aren’t going up much.” That’s oddly good news for the 100 shops, but a lot less encouraging for Japan.
“日本消费者对价值非常清醒。”公司发言人安东说，“他们知道他们的销售额不会增长很多。”那对百店是一个有点奇怪的好消息，但对日本国就少了很多鼓舞。
句子翻译（中——英）30分 1、兹有一批自行车货物500箱由上海装运到孟买，请给我们我们报价包括码头费，驳船费，卸货及其他费用在内的运费率。 We shall have ready for shipment from Shanghai to Bombay’500 cases of bicycle goods.Please quote us your freight rate for them,inclusive of dock dues,lighterage as well as discharging and other costs. 2、我公司“泰山”轮定于10月5日离上海开往里斯本，如果贵公司有货由该轮托运的话，请立即电示我们。 The M.V. “Tai Shan” of my company is due to leave Shanghai for Lisbon on Oct.5. Please promptly cable us if your company have any goods to be carried by this vessel. 3、兹告知本公司可按贵方要求为你的货物保留足够的舱位。请将托运申请书填好寄来，以换取装货单，但运费须先付。 This is to advise you that our company could allot enough space for your shipment as per your request. Please fill up and return the application from attached herewith in exchange for Shipping Order, but freight to be prepaid. 4、关于你本月4日的来信要求舱位增加货载之事，现在告知“ABC”轮舱位不能收容更多的货物，无法照办为歉。 With regard to the accommodation for additional cargo as requested in your letter 4 inst., please be informed that the
高考英语翻译技巧与能力训练 高考英语中的翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。 高考评分标准: 1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。 如何才能提高中译英水准，在高考中获得理想的分数呢？考生除了必须具备比较扎实的语言基础外，关键还在于学会总结规律，找准中译英的切入点。 一、分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型 中文必须仔细读，一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字或关键的词组，也就是我们常说的key words。尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。一般来说，中译英的句型可分为三大类：1.简单句；2.并列句；3.复合句；同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。回顾近几年的高考试题时，也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。如：It句型(近几年考得较为频繁)、倒装句、with结构。 例1: 昨天我的电脑坏了。(wrong) 解析：本题考查：1)简单句There be结构；2)wrong的用法；3)中英文表达的差异。 译句：There was something wrong with my computer yesterday. 例2: 遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是互相帮助。(not…but) 解析：本题考查：1)复合句：when引导的状语从句；what引导的主语从句；2)not…but结构；3)“彼此埋怨”的英文翻译。 译句：When(we are)in difficulty/When we meet with difficulties/When we have difficulties ,what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other. 例3：我们能做什么来阻止这种疾病蔓延呢？（prevent） 分析：如果有学生没有读全中文原句的话，就很有可能看成是以前所做的“我们要做些什么来阻止这种疾病的蔓延”，而译为We should do something to prevent the spread of this disease.因为这个原因而造成扣分，就太不应该了。 译句：What can we do to prevent the spread of this disease? 例4：他很有可能通过自己的努力得到驾驶执照。（likely） 译句：He is likely to get the driving license with his own efforts. 分析：有些学生一看到有可能，就会想到自己比较熟悉的possible，想当然地翻译成It is possible that…的结构。其实，学生对likely这个key word的使用也是会的，完全能够使用be likely to do或It’s likely th at…的结构。 例5：上海近几年经历了许多变化，如今已成为世界闻名的经济中心。（go through） 分析：乍一看，学生很容易轻易下笔，Shanghai has gone through…,it has become…，这已成为很多学生的一个习惯，句子和句子中随便用逗号隔开，英语不像中文，必须要考虑到句子的结构，逗号也不能随意使用。而此句中，就要想到用并列句中的连接词and来连接两个成分。
my friend and I are taking a , we are seeing a boy sit on the chair,he is crying,we go and ask him.“what’s the matter with you” he tell us“I can’t find my dog can you help me”.“yes,I can”.And we help him find his dong .oh it stay under the big tree! 今天我和我的朋友一起去散步。突然我们看见一个男孩坐在椅子上，他哭的很伤心。我们走过去问他：“你怎么了”。他告诉我们：“我的狗不见了，你们能帮我找到它吗”。“是的，我们能帮你找到你的狗”然后我们帮助他找到了他的狗，原来是它呆在一棵大树下。 day an old man siselling a big young man comes to the elephant and begins to look at it old man goes up to him and says inhis ear,“Don't sa y anything about the elephant before I sell it,then i'll give you some money.”“All right,”says the young the old man slles the elephant,he gives the young man some money and says,“Now,can you tell me how you find the bad ears of theelephant?”“I don't find the bad ears,”says the young man.“Then why do you look at the elephant slowly?”asks the old young man answers,“Because I never see an elephant before,and I want to know what it looks like.” 一天，一个老的男人正在卖一头大象。一个年轻的男人走向大象然后开始慢慢看着它（大象），这个老的男人走向他对着他的耳朵说，“不要在我卖出它（大象）之前说关于它（大象）的事，然后我会给你一些钱。”“好的”，这个年轻的男人说。在这个老的男人卖出大象后，他给了年轻的男人一些钱并且说，“现在，你可以告诉我你是怎样知道大象的坏的耳朵了吧？”“我不知道坏的耳朵”，这个年轻的男人说。“然后为什么你慢慢的看着大象？”这个老的男人问。这个年轻的男人回答，“因为我在这之前从来没有见过大象，还有我想知道它（大象）是什么样子的。” 3.An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it.? Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I would work for you still, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young."? 一位老妇有只猫，这只猫很老，它跑不快了，也咬不了东西，因为它年纪太大了。一天，老猫发现一只老鼠，它跳过去抓这只老鼠，然而，它咬不住这只老鼠。因此，老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了，因为老猫咬不了它。? 于是，老妇很生气，因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。她开始打这只猫，猫说：“不要打你的老仆人，我已经为你服务了很多年，而且还愿意为你效劳，但是，我实在太老了，对年纪大的不
第一单元 1.They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company. 2.Although there are still difficulties ahead of us. I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisdom to bring about the peaceful unification of our country on our own. 3.It is wrong to emphasize nothing but GDP. It will give rise to many serious problems. 4.He loves to show off his wealth, but that is all in vain. People still avoid him as though he were poison. 5 He soon fell in love with the village and decided to make it a beautiful garden together with other villagers 6.We must spend more money in fighting against global warming. Besides, we must resort to tough laws. It is not just a matter of money. 7.When the police reached the school, the students and teachers were still in a daze. 8.This corrupt official was still clinging to his power. He refused to step aside. 9.When the man finally came into view, I found it was my father. I didn’t know how he managed to find this place in the heavy snow. At that moment, I burst into tears.
U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静，但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。
航海及海运专业词汇英语翻译(D) damping control 阻尼调整 damping cylinder 减震筒 damping decrement 衰减率 damping device 制动装置 damping device 阻尼装置 damping effect 阻尼效率 damping error 冲击阻尼误差damping error 阻尼差 damping factor 阻尼因数 damping fluid 减震液 damping fluid 阻尼液 damping force 阻尼力 damping intensity 阻尼度 damping machine 调湿器 damping machine 调温器 damping machine 阻尼机 damping magnet 阻尼磁铁 damping material 阻尼材料 damping moment 阻尼力矩 damping oil vessel 阻尼油罐damping oil 阻尼油
damping oil 阻尼油阻尼油 damping period 阻尼周期 damping platform 倾卸台 damping ratio 衰减率 damping ratio 衰减率;阻尼比damping ratio 阻尼比衰减率damping resistance 阻尼阻力阻尼电阻damping resistor 阻尼电阻器damping spring 阻尼弹簧 damping stability 阻尼稳定性damping system 阻尼装置 damping system 阻尼装置减震装置damping time 阻尼时间 damping vibration 阻尼振动damping weight 阻尼重量 damping winding 阻尼绕组damping 润湿阻尼 damping 阻尼 dampness 潮湿 dampness 湿度 dampproof 防潮的 dampproof 防湿的
论文：浅析英语翻译能力提升的障碍和策略摘要：翻译能力是英语综合能力的重要组成部分，也是英语专业学生必需具备的基本能力。要全面提升英语翻译能力，需要了解英汉两种文化的差异性，具备深厚的语言功底，掌握熟练的翻译技巧。 关键字：英语翻译能力；提升；障碍；策略 中西文化差异是影响英语翻译能力提升的重要因素，除了文化因素外，英语翻译能力的提升还受到其他因素的影响，本文将进一步的展开叙述影响英语翻译能力提升的障碍及其相应的策略。 一、影响英语翻译能力提升的障碍 1．中西文化的差异性容易造成英语翻译误会 英语翻译就是汉语和英语相互转换的过程，这个过程不仅仅是一种语言现象，也体现了跨文化现象。具体来说，中西方的文化差异体现在文化传统、生活习惯、价值观念和思维方式等方面，而这些层面的差异性往往会造成人们对同一事物有着不同的理解和解释，因此不同文化的差异性容易造成英语翻译的误会。比如，生活中最常见的信封的写法，在中国，习惯的书写顺序是国名，省、市、县、街道，最后才是收信人姓名。而在西方国家信封的书写顺序恰好相反。因此在学习英语知识的同时，需要更加注意对英语文化知识的了解和掌握。
2．语言基础知识掌握不扎实，影响了翻译的准确性 英语翻译就是英汉两种语言之间的相互转换，在转换的过程中主要涉及两个方面，首先翻译者要正确地领悟原文的意思，其次要通过译文将原文确切的表达出来，达到“信达雅”的标准。因此翻译者需要牢固地掌握英汉两种语言。但是由于多方面的因素，翻译者的语言基础知识掌握不扎实，很多翻译者的词汇量太少，经常背了忘，而又不重视巩固复习，或者死记硬背不会灵活运用，此外，语法掌握也不扎实，对一些基本的句型模棱两可，不能正确理解更不会运用。 二、提升英语翻译能力的具体策略 1．通过词汇、语法和阅读，了解中西文化之间的差异性 在英语的学习中，提高英语翻译能力，不仅要加强英语语言知识的学习，还要注重对英语文化知识的了解。具体来说，可以通过词汇、语法以及阅读等的学习获取英语文化知识。 首先，通过词汇的学习了解中西文化知识。词汇是英语语言的基本元素，掌握词汇的过程中，仅仅注重词汇正确的拼写和准确的发音是远远不够的，更主要的是学会如何恰当的运用词汇和组织词汇。因此，在背诵英语词汇意思的基础之上还需要进一步了解词汇产生的文化背景知识，尤其是了解习语、谚语和成语这一类词语的文化内涵、感情色彩以及
Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young. 无论是60岁还是16岁，你需要保持永不衰竭的好奇心、永不熄灭的孩提般求知的渴望和的欢乐与热情。在你我的心底，有一座无线电台，它能在多长里接收到人间万物传递来的、、欢乐、鼓舞和力量的信息，你就会年轻多长时间。 An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. 应当像河流，开始是涓涓细流，受两岸的限制而十分狭窄，尔后奔腾咆哮，翻过危岩，飞越瀑布，河面渐渐开阔，河岸也随之向两边隐去，最后水流平缓，森森无际，汇入大海之中，个人就这样地消失了。 Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity,of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease.This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty.Nobody grows old merely by a number of years.We grow old by deserting our ideals. 意味着战胜懦弱的那股大丈夫气概和摈弃安逸的那种冒险精神。往往一个60岁的老者比一个20岁的青年更多一点这种劲头。人老不仅仅是岁月流逝所致，更主要的是不思进取的结果。 Years may wrinkle the skin,but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. 光阴可以在颜面上留下印记，而热情之火的熄灭则在上刻下皱纹。烦恼、恐惧、会扭曲人的灵魂，并将青春化为灰烬。 爱情的世界很大也很小 The love world is big, which can hold hundreds of disappointments; the love world is small which is crowded even with three people inside. 原来的世界很大，大到可以装下上百种委屈； 原来爱情的世界很小，小到三个人就挤到窒息。 To the world you may be one person, but to one person you may be the world. 对于世界而言，你是一个人；但是对于某个人，你是他的整个世界。 Don’t waste your time on a man/woman, who isn’t willing to waste their time on you. 不要为那些不愿在你身上花费的人而浪费你的时间。
汉译英专项练习 一、倍数增减的表示法 5 1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍). is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数+形容词/副词比较级+ than） 2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数+ as +形容词/副词+ as） 3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍). is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数+名词） 4) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一). wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词+ by +数词/百分比/倍数） 5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍). plan to double their investment （考点：double +名词） 二、时态6 1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时） 2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了). the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时） 3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假). my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） 4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历). have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） 5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了). No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been…since sb. did sth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） 6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了). He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1.现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间） 三、被动语态5 1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代). is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时） 2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版). will have been published by the end of this year （考点：被动语态的将来完成时）
Chapter 1 Passage 1 Human Body In this passage you will learn: 1. Classification of organ systems 2. Structure and function of each organ system 3. Associated medical terms To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc. 了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。 Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article. 解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要部分。 The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made. 骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和保护作用，并牵动骨胳肌，引起各种运动。人体有206根骨头。骨形态不一，有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规则的。许多长骨里有一个内层间隙，里面充填着骨髓，这即是血细胞的制造场所。 A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。颅骨不能运动，是由于骨与骨之间的连接太紧密。但其它的关节可允许活动，如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动，如肘关节；或是绕轴心旋转运动，如枢轴点允许头部转动。如果一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里，大辐度的运动（如肩关节、髋关节）即成为可能。 Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. 软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。它是骨连结的保护、缓冲层。它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来，也是鼻腔与内耳的结构基础。一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成，然后不断生长、
国际航运英语与函电 [课程目标]通过本课程的学习，要让学生了解国际航运英语函电的英语知识和有关经贸业务知识，对学生进行严格的阅读、翻译、写作等基本技能训练，培养学生实际运用语言的能力和独立工作能力。培养拥有扎实英语和外贸业务知识、具备正确的职业选择和职业道德观、具备一定航运英语应用能力的人才。 [教学内容]本课程教学内容结合航运业务的实用性和英语应用文语言的规范性，以国际海运法规和惯例以及我国《海商法》为基础，按各类业务内容的需要，书写函电，介绍了有关的专业知识。 二、培养目标与职业岗位 1、培养目标 本专业培养具有德、智、体、美、劳全面发展，符合社会主义核心价值观，熟悉航运、港口生产管理以及船舶代理、货运代理、场站、内陆储运等航运辅助业务，具备现代港口、航运及相关辅助业务管理、组织与操作、企业信息化应用、英语交流与阅读应用能力，能从事港航生产调度、组织与操作、单证制作、现场处理、库场管理、市场营销、统计结算、口岸船务服务等工作的高素质技术技能人才。 2、职业岗位 面向航运、港口、场站、船代、货代、无船承运人、储运、报关报检、外轮理货等企业，从事计划、调度、操作、制单、客服、报关报检、库场管理、市场营销、统计结算、口岸船务服务等工作。 三、基本规格要求 （一）职业能力结构 1、具备良好的职业素养和敬业精神； 2、掌握现代企业管理基本理论知识； 3、掌握航运、港口生产业务管理的知识； 4、掌握代理、场站、储运、报关报检等航运辅助业务知识； 5、具有海运操作及组织协调能力； 6、具有应用航运相关法律法规的能力； 7、具有操作计算机、应用软件、收集与处理信息的能力； 8、具有英语交流、阅读、应用的能力。 （二）基本素质要求 1、热爱祖国、拥护中国共产党的领导，具有良好的职业道德； 2、法制观念强，能求实创新、积极进取； 3、能处理好社会公共关系，有一定的社交能力； 4、体魄健康，符合高等院校体育达标要求 （三）知识结构 1、掌握从事本专业相关工作所必需的文化基础知识； 2、掌握商务英语，并熟悉国际航运专业英语； 3、掌握国际贸易实务及相关理论知识；
浅议英语翻译能力的培养 高等学校很注重培养英语专业学生的翻译能力。要具备一定的翻译能力，学生必须具有深厚的语言功底?p广博的文化知识?p熟练的翻译技巧?p正确的翻译观念和严谨的翻译态度。因此，要培养和提高英语专业学生的翻译能力，教师应该从以下几个方面入手。 一?p掌握好汉语和英语的基础知识 翻译是一个语言转换的过程。从根本上讲，这个过程要解决两个问题：一是如何深刻地理解原文；二是如何用译文确切地表达原文的意思。因此，译者要较好地掌握英语和汉语两种语言，具备较强的语言理解能力和表达能力，这是做好翻译的前提条件。 从语言学角度讲，英语和汉语之间最大的区别莫过于形合和意合的区别。英语是重形合的语言，即英语中词语或句子间的连接主要依靠连接词来完成。汉语是重意合的语言，即汉语中词语或句子间的连接主要依靠语义或句子之间的逻辑关系来完成。例如“他今天没来，母亲住院了”（Hedidnotcometodaybecausehis mother was hospitalized），在这个例子中，汉语原文在表达因果关系时，没有使用任何表示因果关系的词汇，但是读者一看就能理解。然而，在翻译成英语的时候，必须加上连接词because，否则就会出现语法错误。二?p积累广博的文化知识 翻译材料涉及面极广，学生要具备渊博的知识。具体来说，文学性的翻译需要学生具备广博的文化知识，科技翻译需要学生具备相关的专业知识。另外，学生还要掌握大量的习语和俚语，这样在翻译时才不会被句子的字面意义所迷惑。如“I decidedto sit at his feet”这句话的字面意思是“我决定坐在他的脚上”，但实际上，“sit at his feet”是一个习语，表示“拜他为师”。 三?p培养严谨的翻译态度 英语和汉语的句子结构复杂，词汇意义也复杂多变，在翻译中出现错误是难以避免的，但是教师应该让学生尽量避免错误，避免粗枝大叶，望文生义。此外，学生在翻译时还应多关注细节，如单词的拼写?p标点符号?p小词等。例如，“中国政府”应该翻译成Chinese government还是the Chinese government这
C o m m e n c e m e n t o f t h e Commercial Operation of 600M W U n i t , "H i ro n o N o. 5Thermal Power Station of The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc." Commercial operation of The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Hirono No. 5 Thermal Power Station commenced in July 2004. This plant is a 600 MW coal-fired supercritical power plant. The main line-up of the plant, which features a steam turbine and a boiler, are supplied by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI). MHI set up this plant with a range of such key equipment along with ancillary facilities such as control systems, a flue gas treatment system, a wastewater treatment system, and stacks. This report gives a brief overview of the advanced technologies applied to the steam turbine and boiler of this plant supplied by MHI. 1. Introduction The Hirono No. 5 Thermal Power Station began com-mercial operation in July 2004. It is a 600 MW coal-fired,supercritical power plant that operates under the high-est global standards for steam conditions (24.5MPa x 600/600o C). The steam turbine has various advanced MHI tech-nologies, including the first 600 MW class two-casing turbine, high- and intermediate-pressure combined cas-ing developed by utilizing high temperature materials and cooling structures to cope with the ultra supercritical steam condition, 48 inch steel integral shroud blade (ISB), a new type of condenser, and a single shell deaerator cum storage tank. The boiler adopted in this plant has MHI's advanced technologies. They are reduced emission of NOx and unburned carbon with the A-PM burner and MRS pul-verizer. In addition, the vertical waterwall furnace that uses high temperature compatible materials and rifled tubes are adopted. Further, the plant is very much streamlined through the use of such simple systems and equipment as de-scribed below: (1) unification of air duct and flue gas duct into a single line through the adoption of a maximum capacity class fan, (2) unification of all feed water heaters into a single line, (3) unification of circulating water pumps into a single line, and (4) adoption of a plant starting system that does not rely on the boiler circulating pump. Since the plant is located in a narrow site adjacent to existing units operated using oil and gas, the overall arrangement of the plant has been improved by consult-ing with the Owner and is arranged in a more compact manner. Advanced MHI technologies have also been adopted in ancillary facilities. This includes the use of a dry se-lective catalytic NOx removal system, a high performance flue gas treatment system based on the harmonious de-sign of a double contact flow scrubber type flue gas desulfurization system with a low-low temperature dry electrostatic precipitator, an overall waste water treat-ment system, and self-supporting group stacks. In this way, MHI has drawn upon all of its competencies in es-tablishing this plant. 2. Steam turbine Figure 1Figure 1 shows an external view of the Hirono No. 5 steam turbine. Fig. 1 View of the 600 MW Hirono No.5 steam turbine HIROMASA MOMMA*1 TAKAYUKI SUTO*1RYUJI IWAMOTO*3 JUNICHI ISHIGURO*1TOSHIHIRO MIYAWAKI*2TSUYOSHI NAKAHARA*4