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中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题

中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题
中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题

xx英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题

和推理判断题的解题技

中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技巧细节理解题

阅读理解是中考的必考题型,因为它能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平。阅读理解题型有很多种,但从命题角度来看,通常可以分为四种:即事实细节题、推理判断题、猜测词义题和主旨大意题。

事实理解题主要考查学生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握能力,内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果和目的等,属于浅层次的理解题,难度较低。同学们需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,发现文章中的细节信息,然后遵循由整体到细节的原则,把握作者的思路,按全文—段落—词语的步骤来解题。

一、命题特点

事实细节题的考点非常明确,主要有以下几处:

1、列举信息处常考。

文章中first…second, to begin with, in

addition, on one hand, on the other

hand等并列关系出现的地方,常会要求考生从所列的内容

中,选择符合题干要求的选项。

2、举列与打比方之处常考。

考生要对那些引出例子或比喻的标志词,如as, such as, forexample, for

instance等加以注意,因为这些词是作者为使自己的观点更具说服力而用来引出具体事例的,这些事例就是常考的细节处。

3、指示代词出现处常考。

这类考题常用来考查学生是否真正了解上下文句子之间的逻辑关系。

4、引用人物论断处常考。

作者为正确表达自己的观点或使论点更有依据,常会引用某些权威人士的论断或采纳其重要的发现。

5、特殊标点符号后的内容常考。

因为特殊标点符号后的内容往往是对前面内容的进一步解释或说明,同学们注意到这些标点,也就注意到了细节。这些特殊符号包括表示解释的破折号、括号和冒号以及表示引用的引号等。

另外,事实细节题的选项也很有特点:通常正确答案不是照搬的原文;干扰选项则正好相反,有的来自原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容;有的符合常识,但不符合原文内容;有的与原句内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动;有的与原文

大相径庭甚至完全相反;也有的是部分正确或部分错误。

二、解题方法

1.跳读查找法

这个方法的要点在于先看题干,带着问题读文章。以what,who, where,

when, why, how

提问的问题,可以从文章中直接找到答案。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号,能加强阅读的针对性,提高做题的准确率,节省宝贵的时间,这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。一般来说,细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解,同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定最佳答案。

另外,运用跳读查找法解题时,同学们要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的中考题情况来看,很少有直接用原文中的句子进

行考查和测试的,通常要进行一定的处理,而这种“处理”主要就是进行语义转换,其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。

例:I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the

whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had tohave porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had

to eat a

sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone when I was sad. My sisterand two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.

1.

How many children does the writer’s mother have?

A.

Four.B.

Two.C.

Three.D. Six.

2.排除法

排序题也属于事实细节题的一种题型,它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息词,如first,

to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third,then,

finally等。按照信息词的提示阅读,可以加快理解的进程。

在做细节排序题时,首先要确定首或尾的答案,通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似,正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择,找到两者的不同之处,回到原文,进行核对,一旦确定,后面的排序就不用再比较了。

例:A topiary gardener should make a drawing

first. The drawing shows the final shape that the gardener likes.The gardener

then chooses a bush for the topiary. It may be one that justplanted or one that

is already in place.

In June

of the plant’s first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. Whenthe leaves

grow, it’s time to shape (给……造型) the bottom of the bush. Itneeds about five

years. The top is not trimmed during this time. In the fifth year,the

bush grows tall enough for shaping. Then the gardener begins toshape the whole

bush.

2. Put

the following in the right order according to the passage.

a. The gardener chooses

a bush for the topiary.

b. The whole bush grows

tall enough for shaping.

c. The gardener begins

to shape the bottom of the bush.

d. The gardener draws

the shape of a topiary.

A.

d→a→b→cB. b→c→a→dC.

a→d→c→bD. d→a→c→b

3.简单计算法

数字计算题也是事实细节题的一种,要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算,以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时,考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么,然后找到与它相关的数字,再对它们进行分析、整合,最后计算出正确答案。

例:When we cut down the rainforests, we

destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.

3. The

number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was________of that in 1900.

A.

halfB.

one-thirdC.

two-fifthsD. one-fifth

细节题占阅读理解的比例很大,阅读时要特别注意以下几点:

第一,阅读时,利用这类关键词和词组that is to say, above all,especially, mainly等,把握文章的思路和脉络。另外在问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词first(第一),least(最不),always

(总是),never(永不),all(所有),none(一个也不),any(任何)和表示唯一性的词汇only(只有),

just(仅仅),往往是命题的陷阱,因此要多加注意。

第二,阅读时,必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据,切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。

第三,文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点,此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期,通常需要做简单的计算。

阅读能力的提高非一朝之功,需要一个过程。同学们应该持之以恒,进行有计划、有目的的阅读实践,提高阅读能力。推理判断题

推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一,也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型,属于深层理解题。它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理,也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义,即英语中所说的“read

between the

lines”。因此,学生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理,在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁,透过字里行间,体会“弦外之音”,从而揭示文章的深层涵义。

一、推理判断题常见提问方式

1. The

writer/author/passage implies/suggests (暗示)that __________.

2. It can

be inferred(推断)from the passage that __________.

3. Which

of the following can be concluded from this passage?

4. What

does the author conclude about?

5. The

passage is intended to __________.

6. The

first paragraph of this passage is to __________.

7. How

does the author seem to feel about this issue?

8. From

the passage, we can learn/conclude that __________.

9. Which

of the following might happen later?

10. The

passage may be a/an __________.

11. Which

of the following is TRUE/ NOT true?

二、选项特点分析

命题人在设置选项时,会遵循一定的特点和规律,因此学生了解了推理判断题选项的特点,对提高选项的正确率会有很大帮助。

1.正确选项的特点

(1)正确答案一般含义比较丰富,具有一定的综合性和概括性;

(2)正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对,而会用一些相对能

够留下一些余地的词汇,如often,

usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly,probably等;

(3)正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反,要特别注意。

2.干扰选项的特点

(1)只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出的结论;

(2)看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符;(3)根据常识判断是正确的,然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点;

(4)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据,但推理过头、概括过度;

(5)有部分选项的内容纯属编造。

三、推理判断题的解题方法

做推理判断题要注意两点:一是推理,二是判断,而且两者密不可分。推理是为了判断,判断依赖于推理。推理判断题要求学生根据原文,经过推理,进行判断,从而得出结论,所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是,推理时务必要忠实于原文,在文章中寻找可推论的依据,切忌妄加评论,把自己的观点当成作者的观点。下面结合2011年各省市的中考题,就考试中常用的四种推理方法进行一一说明。1.

抓住特定关键信息进行正向或逆向推理

做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用正向推理或逆向思维,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

例:Mark Wellman showed that if you set your

heart and mind on something, no wall is too high, no dreamimpossible.

1. What

can we learn from the passage?

A. A

friend in need is a friend indeed.

B. Dreams

will come true in the end.

C. Each

step is important to success.

D.

Nothing can stop a strong will.

2.

利用作者的思想感情进行推断

作者在写作时,自然而然会渗透自己的喜怒哀乐。通过一些表达感情色彩或思想倾向的措辞,领会作者的思想感情,一些考查观点态度的题目就迎刃而解了。

例:My whole life I have depended on the

kindness of many strangers, I feel regretful that I cannot findthem and say

thank you. I do not even remember what the man’s face lookedlike, but h e taught

me a lesson—people are more important than things.

2.

According to the passage, which word can best describe theman?

A.

Rude.B.

Funny.C.

Silly.

D. Kind.

例:I had to arrive in Vienna at 7:15 in time

to catch the 7:25 train to Paris, but there was no hope of thatnow. …It was

almost 7:25 when we stopped outside the station. I paid thedriver quickly, took

hold of my bags quickly and hurried inside. “Paris train” was allI had time to

say to the official (铁路职工) I saw. You can guess how I feelwhen he pointed to a

train that was just moving out of the station.

3. How

did the writer feel at Vienna station?

A. He

felt lonely.B He felt angry.C. He

felt surprisedD. He felt sad.

3.

根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论

不同的文章有不同的写作方法和文章结构。但是,在任何一篇文章中,段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。

抓住了这种逻辑关系,也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。

例:2011年xx卷

My summer

hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF &thr 3:-@ kids FTF, ILNY, its gr8.

Can you

understand this sentence? If you can’t, don’t feel too bad:neither could the

middle school teacher in England who received this as

homework. This is

Netspeak: …

4. What

is the main purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To

give an example of a foreign language.

B. To

show an example of creative methods.

C. To

express worries about using Netspeak.

D. To

lead in the topic of Netspeak.

4.

结合常识进行推断

有些文章,如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目,除了把握相关文段的细节外,还应注意充分运用自己的常识,结合题目去分

析推理。

例:BEIJING (Xinhua)—Chinese have started to

enjoy cars at low prices after the country became a member ofthe World Trade Organization (WTO). At the same time, competition betweenpeople has become stronger. According to the China’s Ministry of Personnel (人事部), about 170

million people will lose their jobs after the country has joinedthe

WTO.

5. This

passage is probably _____.

A. a

storyB. a

noteC. a

letterD. a news report

以上分别从四个方面讲解了如何对文章隐含信息进行推理判断,但有时候题目的设计不一定这么层次分明,需要同时从不同角度对文章的信息进行综合分析、推理和判断。例如方法三中的例子,需要综合考虑上下文逻辑关系以及文章的感情色彩,才能做出正确的判断。因此,在阅读的过程中,

需要考生在熟练掌握的基础上灵活运用这些方法。

细节英语阅读理解题及答案10篇

英语阅读理解最新详解-如何应对阅读理解中的细节题和推理题 一、做细节事实题的方法 在阅读理解题目中,有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点:(1) 凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2) 干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂,正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。因此,要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目,一要在文章中找出相应的信息点,二要排除干扰项。 二、做推理判断题的方法 所谓推断,就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分,从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子,也可能是若干句子,甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题主要有以下几种: 1.事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节,是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断,要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。例如:According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? A. You often play football with your friends after school. B. Your teacher has got a cold. C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn't been caught. D. The bike in front of your house is lost. 在阅读材料中,有这样一段文字: Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don't want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be "bad" news. 根据这段文字,我们可以推断:电视报道的新闻故事必须是有趣的和不平常的。因此,正确答案应为C。 2.指代推断 确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象,关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词,其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致,因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。 3.逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景,人物的表情,动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。 4.对作者的意图和态度的推断 这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断,如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对,还是犹豫不定,对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠,还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来,而往往隐含在字里行间。因此,进行这种推断时,我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提,又要注意作者的措辞,尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。 阅读理解10篇 Many children use the Internet to get useful knowledge and information, and to relax in their free time. But some of them are not using in a good way. Here are some rules to make sure you are safe and have fun on the Internet.

中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题

xx英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题 和推理判断题的解题技 巧 中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技巧细节理解题 阅读理解是中考的必考题型,因为它能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平。阅读理解题型有很多种,但从命题角度来看,通常可以分为四种:即事实细节题、推理判断题、猜测词义题和主旨大意题。 事实理解题主要考查学生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握能力,内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果和目的等,属于浅层次的理解题,难度较低。同学们需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,发现文章中的细节信息,然后遵循由整体到细节的原则,把握作者的思路,按全文—段落—词语的步骤来解题。 一、命题特点 事实细节题的考点非常明确,主要有以下几处: 1、列举信息处常考。 文章中first…second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等并列关系出现的地方,常会要求考生从所列的内容 中,选择符合题干要求的选项。 2、举列与打比方之处常考。 考生要对那些引出例子或比喻的标志词,如as, such as, forexample, for instance等加以注意,因为这些词是作者为使自己的观点更具说服力而用来引出具体事例的,这些事例就是常考的细节处。

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practice HyderabadHyderabad, India To improve people’s lives, Hyderabad is planting more and more trees. The cityy is even creatingg ggreener buildingsg that use less water and less electricityy for power. Adding green to a city has a number of advantages. For example, trees make the air cleaner. In Hyderabad, streets were grey and dirty in the past. HHowever, todayt d theyth are fillfilledd withith treest andd flowers,fl makingki theth cityit cleanerl andd more colourful. Green areas also give people places to relax or exercise. A study in the USA shows an interesting thing: the greener a neighborhood is, the less crime there is. 2012年天津市中考C篇 4.对比处:常见标志词有compared with/to, unlike等。 【ExampleE l 4】 Unlike a computer,p , Kindle never ggets hot so yyou can read comfortably as long as you like. https://www.doczj.com/doc/0c5868492.html,pared to a computer, Kindle . A. doesn’t get hot B. has no screen C. is harder to use D. is heavier to carry (2011年北京市西城区一模) 【Example 5】 68. According to the passage, why do many patients stop getting injections? A. Because of the pain and stress of the injections. B. Because they are too lazy. C. Because they like taking pills (药丸). D. Because theyy are waitingg for the new device. (2012年黄冈市中考A篇) practice 5555. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Learning a second language can help us find a good job quickly. B.. Dr.. Mechelliec e madede thee experimente pe e amongo g threeee differentd e e groups.g oups. C. Learning a second language is the same as studying other subjects. D. The earlier we learn a second language, the more money we pay. (2012年北京市大兴区二模C篇) A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College LondonLondon, took a group of Britons who only spoke EnglishEnglish. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second languageg g before the ageg of five,, as well as a number of later learners.

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