中西文化差异对英语学习的影响研究
运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法，主要探讨中西文化差异对英语学习的影响。研究表明：中西文化差异对英语学习的影响突出表现在词汇理解、阅读理解和表达方式等方面，主要受地理环境、思维方式和肢体语言等因素的影响。克服中西文化差异对英语学习的不良影响的主要途径和策略如下：第一，熟悉中西文化差异；第二，培养英语交际能力；第三，转变传统思维方式。
标签：文化差异；英语学习；中国文化；西方文化
doi：10.19311/https://www.doczj.com/doc/0c5161283.html,ki.1672-3198.2016.16.079
随着经济全球化的深入发展，世界各地文化交流也越来越频繁。而语言在文化交流中扮演着重要角色。在此基础之上，本文主要探讨中西文化差异对英语学习的影响，以期为中国学生更好地学习英语提供参考和借鉴。
1 中西文化差异对英语学习影响的表现
词汇理解上，笔者通过查阅大量文献，总结出：在宗教信仰、神话传说、风俗习惯方面，许多西方国家都有着其本土文化的特色。例如：西方国家将dog 视为人类忠实的朋友，用“Love me，love my dog”、“Every dog has his day”等来表达对狗的喜爱。对比看来，中国却用“累成狗”、“看门狗”等来表示贬义。还有Cheesecake汉译为“奶酪蛋糕”，在西方却指女性健美照；beefcake汉译为“牛肉蛋糕”，在西方却指男性健美照；Black tea汉译为黑茶，在西方却指红茶，等等这些，在汉语翻译中都给英语学习者们带来了不少困扰。汉语中雨后春笋在英译中却是“spring up like mushrooms”，多如牛毛在英译中却是“as plentiful as blackberries”。商业中“in the red”，不是盈利，相反却表示亏损、负债。类似的情况比比皆是，看似没有任何关系甚至词意相反的翻译，却因中西文化的差异造成不同层次的影响。
阅读理解上，笔者指出：学习词汇是为了习得词组，学习词组是为了连成句子，学习句子是为了练就段落，学习段落是为了组合成一篇完美的文章。文章几乎涉及到了所有英语类知识，英语基础正是体现在每一篇文章的理解之上。实践表明，在英语文章阅读上，掌握词汇量是难点，而中西文化意识更是重难点。文章从头读到尾，却不能理解作者想表达的核心观念，找不到文章的中心主题，导致对文章不理解，心情烦躁，题目难做，甚至放弃习题。这一点许多英语学习者深有体会。譬如：在第三版《综合英语教程》中第五单元标题“Is my team ploughing”，见此，大家第一感觉就会翻译成“我的团队努力（耕作）吗”或者其他，但是编者想表达意思的却是“我的马队是否在犁耕”，联系了 A.E.Housman 的诗歌题目，重点讲述的是“生死”，旨在表达作者告诫世人“Live in the present and cherish what we have”。翻译上的差异，导致我们对本单元的主题产生误导，甚至不理解文章大意。由此可见，对西方文化知识的缺乏会极大影响我们对文章的理解能力。
Differences between Chinese and Western culture As we know the differences between the our estern cultures and western cultures are quite obvious.I would like to state some of my opinions in this paper. I.difference in the thinking style People on the earth are homologous,but different people in different place have different performance on the way of thinking. Differences between Chinese and Western way of thinking reflected in many aspects.Such as the difference between abstract and concrete, reflected in their attitudes towards life can be understood as Westernersare more practical, and the Chinese are much more biased towards some spiritual experience. Westerners pay attention to logical thinking, but Chinese pay more attention to dialectical thinking and so on. As Chinese and western way of thinking are different, there are differences in expression of the order. For example,we can see that the names of western style are not like ours,they put their given names at the first place,while we put them after our family names,that is to say,we regard our family more important than ourselves,and it's the traditional way of estern thinking.Westerners have another way of thinking,they think that each person is important in our world and society,and a person should play a important role among our human beings. II.differences in daily communication Westerners are frank,but chinese are humility.The reflection between westerners and chinese on the treatment of praise is different.In the West, people can accept it generously. As the Chinese have long term impact of Confucian education, we treat others’ praise and recognition not often take the attitude of ourselves, or there is suspected of arrogant. When meeting acquaintances, chinese and westerners greet each other are also different. Chinese people often say "Have you eat ?" "Where are you going?"except the general asked”hello”. In western culture, this is not a greeting, but substantive issues. When British and American people meet,they usually use a polite phrase like "How are you?" or "Nice to meet you!" In addtion,when westerners accept gift from others,they are willing to open it and praise it directly,but chinese do not do like that. III.differences in customs Chinese people regard ourselves as descendants of the Dragon.Chinese have a supreme respect for the dragon, we think dragon is a symbol of our nation. In the dynasty time,Chinese emperors generally self-styled "dragon".However,in the West, the dragon was regarded as the devil, and it was killed by the legendary god of protection, so they set a day as a festival to celebrate the lifting of a disaster, and thank the protection of God.For this reason, when the students describe a person's lively, they say "He / She is full of vim and vigor." not"He / She is as lively as a dragon and tiger". Everyone has their favorite color, so does a country and a nation. Chinese like the red colour ,because chinese think red is a symbol of luck and enthusiam. But westerners perfer to the blue colour,they think blue can make themselves calm. Thus,the preferences of different colors can reflect the whole of a country’s aesthetic taste. IV. differences in eating cultrue Chinese and Western diets are very different, so the differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, that is, everyone sit around one table. People toast each other,and eat the same food in one plate,,It reflects the mutual respect between people even the traditional courteous virtue. Although from the health point of view, this dietary approach has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our
中西节日文化差异英文公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
The comparison between Chinese and Western festivals 中西方节日文化的差异比较 Abstract: the process of comparing the Chinese and Western festivals and studying Western histories and cultures can help people promote the communication and understanding of different cultures. With the further development of society and inter-cultures, globalization will affect many aspects of life in all countries. And western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China. We should respect them and select the essence. China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a seemingly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence. So let’s join hand in hand to protect and carry forward Chinese tradition. Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and Western cultures; difference; globalization Introduction: “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's
T h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n c h i n e s e a n d w e s t e r n c u l t u r e With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows. First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the
中西方日常交际中的文化差异(1)
中西方日常交际中的文化差 异 （商务英语专业082班，孙静） 摘要：汉语与英语中有大量的日常对话，由于地域文化、历史文化、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及历史典故的不同，日常交际中也呈现出诸多文化差异。随着经济全球化、信息全球化时代的到来，中国与西方国家之间的交流和合作越来越密切。但是，由于缺乏对西方国家文化背景的了解，在中国人与西方人交际的过程中，出现了一些交际障碍和误解，本文主要就日常交际中容易引起误会的中文化差异进行分析和比较。 There are quite a lot of daily dialogues both in Chinese and English, however, because of the differences of background, history, custom, religion and history story’s culture, there exists lots of culture differences in daily conversation. With the coming of globalization of economy and information, the cooperation between China and Western countries is becoming closer. Yet, due to the lack of culture background of western countries, there exists some barriers and misunderstandings during the communication between Chinese and western people. And this article aims to analyze and compare the culture differences between China and western countries which are more likely causing misunderstandings. 关键词：中西方文化；日常交际；差异
谈小学英语教学中西方文化差异 在实践中教师可以采取以下方式来营造英语氛围：在课堂上，教师教学用语尽可能说英语，模拟仿真英语环境；创造模拟英语情景的练习活动，给学生提供交际训练的机会；善用现代音像手段和网络资源，给学生呈现一个多姿多彩的英语世界；在墙上张贴一些配以中英文介绍的著名世界风光图，适时介绍给学生，或是贴上生活中常用的英语问候语，提醒学生注意使用；利用校园广播指导学生进行英语晨读有了这些浓厚的英语环境，学生一走进校园就能感受英语的无处不在，学生在这种英语环境中听英语、说英语、看英语或亲身体验英语，直接、自然地学习英语，有利于培养一定的语感和良好的语音、语调，使他们逐步获得用英语进行思维和日常交流的能力。 一、加强文化教学 教师在英语教学中要比较中西文化差异，这样不仅有利于学生增强对交际文化的敏感性，而且对更好地了解中华民族文化是有裨益的。因此，在教学中，可以采取比较的方法，把教材涉及的内容分为两类：一是衣、食、住、行方面的，包括购物、食品、交通、学校、家庭等；二是日常交际方面的，包括问候、称呼、道别、致谢、建议等。通过文化背景介绍，学生在头脑中形成一种潜在的反应能力，这种能力就是通过语言这一载体进而对语言所反映的文化内容的综合理解能力，也就是我们所说的“文化悟力”。这就好像我们一见到或听到“black tea”,头脑中反映的不是“黑茶”，而是中国人常喝的“红茶”。这种能力的培养和提高，需要教师在教学过程中不断地采用中外文化比较的方法，让学生有意识地排除本族语及本族文化的干扰。 二、注重介绍英语词汇的文化意义 在小学英语教学过程中，不可避免地遇到一些具有文化背景意义的词汇，教师应随时给予简单介绍，使学生真正达到掌握英语的目的。又如：breakfast的词义是“早餐”，但不同文化背景的人对它会有不同的理解和产生不同的联想，对西方人来说，其内涵是牛奶、咖啡、面包；而对许多中国人来说，意味着稀饭、馒头、油条之类。此外，breakfast 本身是由“break”和“fast”构成的。“break”在英语中是“打破”的意思；“fast”是“禁食”的意思。所以西方人把“打破禁食”的第一餐，称之为“早餐”是有其文化背景的。 三、以课外活动作为文化教学的重要途径 课外是一个广阔而多彩的天地，它比课内更富有吸引力。课外氛围若是充满了英语气息，就能潜移默化地感染学生、熏陶学生。我们可以充分利用课外时空，创设有利于学生英语学习和文化感知的良好学习环境，使学生自由地学习英语国家的文化。 （一）通过学习园地渗透“文化意识”教学。
中西方日常交际中的文化差 异 （商务英语专业082班，孙静） 摘要：汉语与英语中有大量的日常对话，由于地域文化、历史文化、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及历史典故的不同，日常交际中也呈现出诸多文化差异。随着经济全球化、信息全球化时代的到来，中国与西方国家之间的交流和合作越来越密切。但是，由于缺乏对西方国家文化背景的了解，在中国人与西方人交际的过程中，出现了一些交际障碍和误解，本文主要就日常交际中容易引起误会的中文化差异进行分析和比较。 There are quite a lot of daily dialogues both in Chinese and English, however, because of the differences of background, history, custom, religion and history story’s culture, there exists lots of culture differences in daily conversation. With the coming of globalization of economy and information, the cooperation between China and Western countries is becoming closer. Yet, due to the lack of culture background of western countries, there exists some barriers and misunderstandings during the communication between Chinese and western people. And this article aims to analyze and compare the culture differences between China and western countries which are more likely causing misunderstandings. 关键词：中西方文化；日常交际；差异
关于中西文化差异与英语教学 论文摘要：语言和文化的关系密不可分，要真正掌握英语这个交际工具，具备熟练的语言交际能力，必须对中西方国家的文化差异有所了解，在英语教学中要努力提高学生的文化敏感性，消除文化差异给英语学习带来的消极影响，在提高文化领悟能力的同时提高语言能力。论文关键词：文化差异英语教学跨文化意识 近年来，随着科学技术的进步和发展，随着人们思想观念的改变，世界日趋全球化。人类正面临一个全新的国际生活，人们之间的交往，无论是商务贸易，还是社会活动，甚至私人交际的机会都比以前多起来，而语言架起了人们沟通的桥梁。随着历史的沉积，社会的发展变迁，中西方国家形成了不同的文化习俗。语言与文化有着密不可分的关系，学生要真正掌握英语交际能力，必须要对英语语言文化有所了解。如果学生在使用英语时只注重形式，忽视文化差异，就会导致语言使用不当，甚至造成误解。要解决这个问题，在英语教学中要注意培养学生在使用英语时对文化差异的感悟能力，增强学生在学习英语过程中的跨文化意识。 1中西文化差异对英语教学的影响 学生在英语学习过程中会感受到中西文化差异给学习和使用英语带来的影响。这些差异往往存在于民俗习惯，生活方式，思维方式，性格特征等，例如下几点。
1．1民俗差异． 在中国，由于几千年来的传统文化和思想，人们非常重视亲属关系，重视辈分的长幼，对老人的称呼不能直呼其名，每一个亲属都有一个称呼。而在英语中，兄弟、姐妹、表(堂)兄弟、表(堂)姐妹等称呼简单的归为brother，sister，cousin。 在我国熟人相见打招呼的方式很多，像最常见的“吃了吗?”、“到哪去?”实际上我们对就针对句子的回答不感兴趣，仅仅是寒暄的一种方式。而对西方人来说，见面就问这样的话，他们会感到很奇怪，要么他们感到这些句子涉及到个人的隐私而反感，要么他们会给与答复。他们打招呼的方式更常用谈论天气。如：“Nice day，jsn’t it?”、“Yes，marvelous．”不用表露自己的感情，也不谈论自己的私事，选择天气这个中性的话题的确是个很好的选择。 1．3谦虚的表达方式 中国人以谦虚为美德，对长辈和上司惟恐不尊，更不愿意过分表现自己，他们在接受赞扬时会推辞甚至自贬，而西方人会接受。如：在中国，有人表扬你，“你的英语说的真好。”得到的回答往往是“不好、不好”或“很一般”。在说英语的国家，对“Your English is perfect!”的回答却是“Thank You．”，如果你的回答是“Oh，no，my English ispoor．”会让对方莫名其妙。 1．4接受礼物 中国人在接受礼物时往往推辞一番，而且不能当客人的面打开，以免显得不礼貌。西方主人收到礼物时会当客人的面打开并称赞一番。
中西文化差异英文 Differences Betwween Chinese And Western Clture As we know,there are many obvious differences between chinese and western clture.Here I will epress some opinions about this. Chinese culture is the collectivist culture.Chinese put the benefit of groung the first place.The value of people can not be allowed to set up over the the benefit of the grounp.On the contrary,western culture is the individualist culture.They spare no efforts to show off themselves. 1、Differences in addressing Chinese put the given name after the family name.While in the western country,their given names were put at the place.We can see that Chinese regard the family name more important than the given name.It reflects that Westerners have a thought that each person is significant in our world and a person should play a important role among our beings. 2、Differences in rendering thanks Generaly,in China the family members hardly say “thanks”.If say it,we will feel strange and have distance beween each other.But Westerners can it on any occasion and beween any people.When someone give they a cup of drink,they will say“Thanks”.What,s more,when someone ask you“Would you like something to eat/dirnk,”Chinese would say a few words of courtesy although they would like.But in th e west,peole will say“Yes,please”if they would like and will say“No,thanks”if they would not.
The comparison between Chinese and Western festivals 中西方节日文化的差异比较 Abstract: the process of comparing the Chinese and Western festivals and studying Western histories and cultures can help people promote the communication and understanding of different cultures. With the further development of society and inter-cultures, globalization will affect many aspects of life in all countries. And western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China. We should respect them and select the essence. China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a seemingly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence. So let’s join hand in hand to protect and carry forward Chinese tradition. Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and Western cultures; difference; globalization Introduction: “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's cultural implications a nd its cultural characteristics, we must start with its traditional festivals. There exists great difference between Chinese and Western festivals due to their different languages, education, life styles and customs. Recently, western festivals are becoming more and more popular among Chinese. On one hand, it can indeed bring some benefits to our country to some extent. On the other hand, we should pay attention to this phenomenon. The differences in their origin and shaping, celebration, food, banquet manners, color of festive dressing and the attitudes of accepting presents contribute to the great differences of Chinese and Western festive cultures. On the background of globalization, we should pay respect to western festivals, and carry forward our excellent traditional festivals at the same time. “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's cultural implications and its cultural characteristics,
T : Hi yangxue ,I heard that you are going to studying abroad ,it ‘s a new experience ,which can bring you opportunity to discover fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. Y : Oh !yeah ,in spite of this advantages, however there are also some challenges I will encounter. Culture shock will be the first one. T: yeah, I have watched several movies about western lifestyles and cultures, and really find an immense difference. Y: Yeah, the difference is almost everywhere. As far as the table culture, there is no doubt it is a tradition to use chopsticks for Chinese. But people in America prefer to forks and knives. T：The different tools are based on different food they like. Fried food and fast food are Americans’favorite while Chinese people choose noodles, pancakes and rice. Y: Yes, besides, have you noticed that when we have meals with our families or good friends, we usually get some delicious food for each other to show our care. But the western style of eating seems to be more hygienic. Nobody uses his own fork to get food for others. T：Yeah, quite so. This is only table manners. I also know that greeting is different. In China, when I meet you in the street, I may
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/0c5161283.html, 小学英语教学中中西文化差异的渗透 作者：陶媛 来源：《阅读（教学研究）》2016年第04期 【摘要】语言与文化有着密切的关系，语言是文化的重要载体。在英语教学中要正确处理好两者之间的关系，使学生在英语学习的过程中了解西方国家的文化，帮助学生提高得体运用英语的能力，拓展文化视野，同时加深对本土文化的理解与认识。 【关键词】中西方文化差异词汇教学对话教学阅读教学 语言与文化密不可分，语言有丰富的文化内涵。不同的语言环境产生了不同的语言习惯、传统风俗、风土人情、生活方式、文学艺术等诸多语境因素，而不同文化背景造成人们说话方式或习惯不尽相同，如果对语言文化背景了解甚少，那么不同语言在交流中一定会引起误解，造成麻烦。外语教学的根本目的就是为了实现跨文化交际，就是为了与不同文化背景的人进行交际。因此，在英语教学中一定要有文化素质的培养，让学生了解中西方文化的差异。 接触和了解英语国家文化有益于学生了解和掌握目的语文化知识，得体使用语言，有益于加深学生对本国文化的理解和认识，培养爱国主义精神，也有益于学生提高英语的运用能力。在小学英语教学中要注意语言和文化的关系，根据学生的年龄特点和认知能力，在英语教学中逐步扩展中西方文化知识的内容和范围。在起始阶段应使学生对中外文化的异同有粗略的了解，教学中涉及的外国文化知识应与学生的学习和生活密切相关。在英语学习的较高阶段，要通过扩大学生接触外国文化的范围，帮助学生拓展视野，提高学生对中西方文化差异的敏感性和鉴别能力，进而提高跨文化交际能力。 通过对《英语课程标准（2011年版）》文化意识部分的研读和理解，对文化教学理念的 相关文章学习，笔者认为在英语教学中，教师必须为学生的语言学习创造良好的内外条件，加强文化意识的渗透。我们不仅仅是通过高年级教材中的Culture time部分的学习来了解西方文化，还应该通过多种途径渗透中西方文化差异，尽可能多的帮助学生了解英语国家的文化背景知识。在日常英语教学中如何渗透中西方文化差异，笔者做了初步思考并进行了一些探索。 一、词汇教学中的文化差异渗透 词汇学习是语言知识教学中的重要一环，英语中大量的单词、短语都具有和英语文化密切相关的内涵，有些词和汉语中的词汇的理解意义相近，但情感意义、比喻意义、搭配意义不同，甚至差异很大。 1.单词教学 在译林版小学《英语》四年级上册中学习数词时，我特意提到13这个数字，告诉学生13是英美人最忌讳的数字，他们认为13最不吉利。因为西方传说中的13号（星期五）是《圣
如何对待中外文化差异英语作文 我们如何去看待，中外文化差异所带来的英语学习的思维转换?下面是给大家整理的怎样对待中外文化差异英语作文，供大家参阅! 如何对待中外文化差异英语作文篇1 The culture differences between the East and West. As we know ,there are so many differences between culture of the East and West that I can not list all of their different aspects.I will focus on the differences of diet custom and teaching system.For your better understanding ,I will set examples of China and America. It is no doubt that it is a tradition to use chopsticks for Chinese.But people in America prefer to forks and knives.This different result is based on different food they are like .Americans choose to eat beefsteak,bread,and salad,while Chinese people choose noodles ,pancakes and rice.What is more,the custom of drinking tea in China and drinking coffee in America are stand out particularly.However,there is a trend that the food in both countries has been mixture.For example,the coffee and bread have introduced to China.The famous KFC is very popular at children. The gap of teaching system between China and America is big.Chinese students always complain about their homework.Too much homework has limited the time to exercise and relax.They have to recite many things as to get a high mark.Homework comes the first to them. In my opinion,the study in America is more interesting .Teachers pay attentions to training students skills in thinking in realastic life not to emphasis on the importances of memories.In a addition,the rate of going to school ,the salary of teaching ,and the job of gruduates are quite different,too.I should say that Chima government should make great efforts to improve its teaching syetem.I am also expect to be one day ,the West give more cheers to our country.