When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __1__ wasteful to tear them all down and __2__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __3__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __4__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __5__ our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing building," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.
With some __6__, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __7__ over time and let in more outside air.
Fortunately, there are a __8__ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __9__ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __10__ property owners from rising power costs.
[A] accommodations
[B] clumsy
[C] doubtfully
[D] exceptions
[E] expand
[F] historic
[G] incredibly
[H] powering
[I] protect
[J] reduced
[K] replace
[L] sense
[M] shifted
[N] supplying
[O] vast
答案解析：
1. 【答案】G)。
【精析】副词辨析题。空格前面是be动词，后面为形容词wasteful，因此空格处需要填入一个副词。前一句中提到美国现有住宅1亿多所，该句指出，如果全部拆毁，造成的浪费必然。incredibly"不能相信地，难以置信地"符合题意。
2. 【答案】K)。
【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面有连词and，通过分析句子结构可知，空格处的词语与前面的动词tear为并列关系，因此空格处需要填入动词原形。文章首句提到，绿色环保型住宅备受欢迎。本句中承接首句指出，如果拆毁现有住宅，绿色环保型住宅，将造成一种浪费。因此空格处应填入具有"重新建成"或"取而代之"意义的词，且与后面的介词with构成搭配。备选动词中符合以上两点要求的只有replace。replace...with...意为"用……取代……"。
3. 【答案】J)。
【精析】形容词辨析题。空格前面有定冠词the，后面有名词carbon emissions，因此需要填入一个形容词。文章围绕green buildings展开，也就是本句中提到的new energy-efficient home。而这种新型的绿色环保建筑的最大特点就是能够碳的排放，填入reduced"减少的"符合句意。这样也就能与后面的不定式部分的句意"补偿拆毁旧住宅所造成的资源浪费"保持一致。
4. 【答案】L)。
【精析】名词辨析题。空格前为形容词最高级，因此其后应该填入名词，且该名词需要和前面的broadest搭配。备选名词中能够和broadest搭配的只有sense。实际上，此处为固定搭配in the broadest sense，意为"从广义上来讲"，是我们熟悉的短语in a sense 的变化形式。
5. 【答案】H)。
【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面有连词and，由此可知空格处的词语与前面的heating和cooling是并列关系，因此推断空格处的词应该也为动名词形式。动名词形式有两个，分别是powering和supplying，其中supplying常与with搭配，意为"供应"，此处不符合句意。powering"向……提供能量"与前面的heating和cooling在意义上具有相关性，为正确答案。
6. 【答案】D)。
【精析】名词辨析题。空格前有介词With，还有形容词some，所以需要填入名词一起构成句子的状语。选项中名词还有accommodations和exceptions两个。accommodations"住处"不符合句意。选择exceptions"例外"构成短语with some exceptions，意为"除了一些特殊情况外"。
7. 【答案】E)。
【精析】动词辨析题。通过分析句子结构可知，空格位于that引导的定语从句中，连词and前的句子缺少谓语动词，且与and后面的let为并列关系，所以空格处应填入动词原形。句中的tiny cracks and gaps指的是"狭小的缝隙和缺口"，随着时间流逝，它们会，从而导致外界更多的空气流入室内。可知，expand"扩展，增大"符合句意。
8. 【答案】O)。
【精析】形容词辨析题。空格前面有不定冠词a，后面为名词number，因此空格处需要填入一个形容词。此处的a number of为固定短语，意思是"大量的"，number前可以加上一些表示程度的形容词，如great，large，vast等，表示"数量极大的"。因此，形容词备选项中，vast"巨大的"符合句意。
9. 【答案】F)。
【精析】形容词辨析题。空格后面为ones，所以空格处需要填入形容词作定语。在意义上，句中存在from...to...结构，表示一种转变或变化，因此空格处的形容词应该和to后面处于定语位置的postwar在意义上相对。postwar指二战以后，是一个较近的时间。因此，空格处词应该具有"较早的，久远的"的意思。另外，从句中举出的例子Lincoln's Cottage（林肯故居）也可以验证这一推断。所以historic"历史上著名的，有历史意义的"符合句意，为本题答案。
10. 【答案】I)。
【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面有动词help，后面有名词短语，而help不能与后面的介词from搭配使用，因此排除空格处为形容词的可能性，空格处应该为省略to的动词不定式。另外，从句意上来看，这一句承接上句，仍然在陈述为老住宅进行升级的好处。备选动词中符合结构和句意双重要求的只有protect，因此为本题答案
In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child's language development than mothers, a new study suggests.
Researchers __1__ 92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-educated middle-class families, with married parents both living in the home.
When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, __2__ all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Development of Psychology. The scientists measured the __3__ number of utterances (话语) of the parents, the number of diffe-rent words they used, the complexity of their sentences and
other __4__ of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.
Finally, the researchers __5__ the children's speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother's level of education, the __6__ of child care and the number of different words the father used.
The researchers are __7__ why the father's speech, and not the mother's, had an effect.
"It's well __8__ that the mother's language does have an impact," said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had __9__ had a strong influence on their children's speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, "or it may be that mothers are __10__ in a way we didn't measure in the study."
[A] already
[B] analyzed
[C] aspects
[D] characters
[E] contributing
[F] describing
[G] established
[H] quality
[I] quoted
[J] recording
[K] recruited
[L] total
[M] unconscious
[N] unsure
[O] yet
答案解析：
1. 【答案】K
【精析】动词辨析题。这一句的主语和宾语分别为Researchers和92 families，可见空格处必须是谓语动词，并且使用过去式。根据文章后半部分提到的这些家庭的状况和研究情
况，可以推断出该句意为：从11个幼托中心招募了92个家庭进行研究，因此选择recruited"征集，招募"。analyzed, established及quoted虽然也都是动词过去式，但analyzed是"分析"的意思，文章要描述的是对话语的分析，"分析家庭"在这里不符合句意。established和quoted都不可以和family搭配使用。
2. 【答案】J
【精析】动词辨析题。句子主谓结构完整，此处需要动词现在分词作状语，表示伴随状态。结合上半句所述，研究人员拍摄了孩子们在家里与父母自由玩耍时的情景，后一句说明了对孩子及父母的语言记录情况，所以此处选择recording"记录"。contributing "贡献"，不可以和介词of搭配；describing"描述"，在此与句子的语境不符合。
3 【答案】L
【精析】形容词辨析题。此处需要形容词修饰其后面的名词number。此句描述了科学家们对这些语言数据的统计分析，此处应该使用一个和数字有关联的形容词，total"全部的，总共的"符合句意。unconscious"失去知觉的，无意识的"，不能用来修饰number一词，可以排除。
4 【答案】C
【精析】名词辨析题。此处需要名词作句子的宾语。句子的谓语为measured，后面有几个并列的名词短语作宾语，表述的都是科学家们分析测量的不同方面的语言特征，aspects 有"方面"的意思，用在此处表示其他方面的语言特征，符合句意。characters"特征，特色"，本句前半部分提及是对语言的不同方面进行测试，而不是测试语言特征。
5. 【答案】B
【精析】动词辨析题。句子缺少谓语，因此空格处需要填入动词。句子后半部分提到语言测试，测试的目的从下文看来是为了进行数据分析，找出影响儿童语言发展的因素。根据句意，此处应选择动词analyzed"分析，解析"。
6. 【答案】H
【精析】名词辨析题。此处缺少名词作句子的宾语，本句中有三个并列的名词短语作宾语，用来表述测试中影响受试者获得高分的预示性因素。在儿童教育方面，应该是其质量会对受试者具有影响，名词quality"质量"符合句意。
7. 【答案】N
【精析】形容词辨析题。这是一个主系表结构的句子，句子缺少形容词作表语。从下一段中可以看出，本句表明研究人员并不了解为什么父亲对孩子的语言影响巨大，此处应该选形容词unsure"不肯定的"。
8. 【答案】G
【精析】动词辨析题。本句使用的是It is...that句型，其中It作形式主语，is后面应接
动词的被动式或形容词作表语，that引导的是真正的主语。这一句话强调了以上研究并没有否认母亲对孩子语言的影响，这是已经得到确认的研究结果。因此，选择established"确定；证实"。这里established是动词的被动式作形容词，意为"确定的，已制定的"。
9. 【答案】A
【精析】副词辨析题。句子结构完整，空格前有助动词had，空格后面有动词had。因此，此处缺少副词，根据句意推断此处应选择副词already。副词yet也有"已经"的意思，但yet通常用在否定句或疑问句中，表示"尚，仍然"。
10. 【答案】E
【精析】动词辨析题。这里缺少动词，从句中使用了be动词are，表示现在进行时，应该使用动词的现在分词形式。前半句提到母亲对孩子语言发展也确实具有影响，后半句进一步补充说明，科学家们设想可能是在实验中并没有测试到母亲对孩子语言发展所起到的作用。动词contribute有"贡献"的意思，因此应该选择contributing。
Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments __1__ it. They find the writing process __2__ and difficult.
How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- __3__ English, with its rich vocabulary. Being able to speak but not write is like living in an __4__ mansion (豪宅) and never leaving one small room. When I meet students who think they can't write, I know as a teacher my __5__ is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to __6__ the moral and emotional development of my students. One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.
Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done __7__, just like exercise; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise, writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and __8__ after only a few weeks of journal writing.
Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and __9__ lives. They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step __10__ to fluency, eloquence (雄辩), and command of
language.
[A] closer
[B] daily
[C] emotional
[D] enhance
[E] enormous
[F] especially
[G] hinder
[H] mission
[I] painful
[J] performance
[K] profession
[L] remarkably
[M] require
[N] sensitive
[O] urge
答案解析：
1. 【答案】M
【精析】动词辨析题。空格位于从句的主语assignments和宾语it之间，因此需要一个及物动词作谓语。选项中的另三个动词D)enhance"推动"；G)hinder"阻碍"和O)urge"敦促"，均不符合句意。
2. 【答案】I
【精析】形容词辨析题。空格处为连词and连接的两个并列成分之一。根据and之后的difficult可以判断，此处需要一个与difficult同义或近义的形容词。选项中其他形容词A)closer"更近的"；B)daily "每天的"；C)emotional "感情的"；E)enormous"巨大的"；N)sensitive"敏感的"，均不符合句意，故排除。
3. 【答案】F
【精析】副词辨析题。空格处缺少副词。前半部分提到language，空格之后的English 为语言的一种，因而此处的意思是：英语尤其如此。选项中另一个副词L）remarkably"不同寻常地"，不符合句意，故排除。
4. 【答案】E
【精析】形容词辨析题。空格位于不定冠词an与名词mansion之间，显然需要一个形容词，而且需要以元音字母开头。选项中不是元音开头的形容词可以全部排除，而另外一个以
元音开头的形容词C）emotional"感情的"，不符合句意，故排除。
5. 【答案】H
【精析】名词辨析题。空格位于形容词性物主代词my和系动词is之间，需要一个名词作宾语从句的主语。而且根据句意，此处的名词意思应为"工作"或者"任务"。选项中另外两个名词J)performance"表现"和K)profession"职业"，都可以与my搭配，但不符合句意，故排除。
6. 【答案】D
【精析】动词辨析题。空格前出现动词不定式符号to，此处需要一个动词原形，而且要与后面的development搭配。G)hinder可与development搭配，但与句意相反，需要排除；O)urge不能与development搭配，所以排除。
7. 【答案】B
【精析】副词辨析题。本句句子结构完整，所以此处缺少修饰成分。根据上下文推断，需要表示"每天"的副词做状语，因此可以直接选定答案。
8. 【答案】J
【精析】名词辨析题。空格位于连词and之后，根据and前面的成分判断，此处需要一个名词J)performane"表现"。选项中另外两个名词H)mission"任务"和K)profession"职业"，均不符合句意，所以排除。
9. 【答案】C
【精析】形容词辨析题。空格缺少形容词与academic, political 作并列成分，共同修饰后面的名词lives。根据下文一一对应的举例，此处的形容词应与love letter 对应，可直接选定答案。
10. 【答案】A
【精析】形容词辨析题。空格处缺少与step搭配的形容词作后置定语，而且要与介词to 搭配。根据句意，这里表示"向……更近一步"。选项中其他形容词均不能与介词to搭配，所以全部排除。
Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly __1__ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was __2__ to a little college French.
I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, __3__ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up __4__ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable __5__ I sat down to write a letter
begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment.
There were some bad __6__. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even __7__ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.
The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition __8__. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.
I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a __9__. And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can __10__ wonders.
[A] accomplish
[B] advanced
[C] balloon
[D] claim
[E] constantly
[F] declare
[G] interviews
[H] limited
[I] manufacture
[J] moments
[K] news
[L] reduced
[M] regret
[N] scary
[O] totally
答案解析：
1. 【答案】D
【精析】动词辨认题。空格处缺少动词原形。根据句意，意为"声称"。D)claim比较随意，可以表示"个人的声明，宣称"；claim to do表示"宣称做某事"。A）accomplish"完成"；F）declare"宣布（法律、公告等），声明"；M）regret"遗憾，抱歉"，词义不符。
2. 【答案】H
【精析】句法推断题。空格位于系动词was之后，介词to之前，因此缺少形容词或者过去分词，可用于be...to 的搭配。be limited to表示"局限于"。L)reduced表示"减少"，不能与to搭配。
3. 【答案】O
【精析】副词辨认题。用于形容词之前，空格处缺少副词。根据句意，表示"完全地"。选项中的另一个副词E）constantly"经常地"，不符合句意。
4. 【答案】G
【精析】名词辨析题。空格处缺少名词，与research并列，因此选择G）interviews"采访"。选项中的另三个名词C）balloon"气球"，J）moments"时刻"，K）news"新闻，消息"，不符合句意，排除。
5. 【答案】M
【精析】名词辨析题。空格前有形容词considerable，这里需要填名词。regret"抱歉，遗憾"。
6. 【答案】J
【精析】名词辨析题。空格位于形容词bad之后，需要名词，根据句意，这里表示"沮丧、糟糕的时候"。
7. 【答案】B
【精析】形容词辨析题。空格位于名词bookings之前，缺少形容词或者过去分词。修饰bookings"预约"，所填词应表示"提前的"。其他分词、形容词选项L）reduced"减少的"，N) scary"引起惊慌的"，意义不符。
8. 【答案】N
【精析】名词辨析题。空格处需要形容词，表示"令人害怕的，引起惊慌的"。
9. 【答案】C
【精析】动词辨析题。空格位于不定冠词之后，因此缺少名词。根据句意应选C）balloon"气球"。
10. 【答案】A
【精析】动词辨析题。空格位于情态动词can之后，名词wonders之前，缺少动词原形。根据The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.
While elderly people __1__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __2__ effect on their brain's performance and they
would benefit from getting more, according to research.
Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __3__ straight through the night.
More sleep in old age, however, is __4__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __5__ if they slept for longer periods, he said.
"The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __6__ well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.
"It's __7__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __8__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __9__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __10__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75."
[A] alert
[B] associated
[C] attracting
[D] cling
[E] continuing
[F] definitely
[G] different
[H] efficiently
[I] formally
[J] function
[K] mixed
[L] negative
[M] sufficient
[N] tend
[O] younger
答案解析：
文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？
1. N tend tend to 固定搭配；表示"倾向于；"符合句意；
2. L negative 空格后是effect，前面是a(n)，由此可见，该处需要填入一个形容词；题目给出的形容词有negative, sufficient, younger；根据前后语意，填入negative最为恰当，表示"少的睡眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。"
3. H efficiently 根据推测，该处应该填入一个副词，题目给出的副词有efficiently, definitely, formally；前面提到，老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打断，而后面用while提出一个对比的概念，年轻人相比起来能获得更_______ 的睡眠；综合起来，选用efficiently （最有效率的）最为准确。
4. B associated be associated with 固定搭配；表示"与…联系在一起"；本句话表示"更多的睡眠通常都与健康度联系在一起"；
5. A alert 先看整句话的含义，"如果他们能睡更长的时间，他们的感觉应该会更好以及…"那么，该处应该填入一个褒义词，选择alert比较恰当，表示"更加警觉，机灵"；
6. J function 根据判断，此处应该填入一个动词，剩下的动词有cling, function；整句话的意思是"当我们上了年纪的时候，我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降了，但是，我们需要…的睡眠量并没有改变；"空格后的单词是well，cling 在这里并不合适，一般与to连用；选用function 最为适合；
7. F definitely 作者在首段已经提出这个观点是一个myth，那么显而易见最后一段中出现的myth是作为一种强调手段，应填入definitely；
8. O younger 空格的前面是when they were…，"当他们年轻的时候"；应填入younger；
9. E continuing 本句的意思是"我们的数据显示老年人将从…获益；"空格的后面是"得到和他们在三十多岁的时候能得到的睡眠一样多"；根据上下文意思，该处应填入"continuing"；
10. G different different from 固定搭配；表示"和…不同"。
句意A）accomplish"实现, 完成"符合句意。
2017英语四级选词填空技巧：确定空白处词性 ? 确定空白处词性 以下情况，空白处为动词： 1 n./pron. vt. n./pron. 前有名后有名，中间谓动 2 n./pron. vi. 前名后无名，谓动不及物 3 n./pron. vi. adv./prep.前名后介副，谓动不及物 4 n./pron. link v./be adj.前名后形容，be动或系动 5 to v. 前有to，后原型 注意：确定空白处为动词，还需根据上下文确定正确形式 以下情况，空白处为分词： 过去分词： 1has/have/had p.p(完成时态) 2be p.p(被动语态) 3p.p n.或 n. p.p(过去分词做形容词，表示被动或已发生) 现在分词： 1be -ing(进行时态) 2-ing n.或n.-ing(现在分词做形容词，表示主动或正在进行) 3prep. –ing(介词宾语) 以下情况，空白处为名词： (名词通常做主语或动词介词宾语) 1a/the n. 前有冠词 2n. V. 空白后为谓语动词 3prep. n. 空白前为介词，则空白处为名词或动名词 (注意：根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数;根据空白处后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数) 以下情况，空白处为形容词： 1adj. n. n. adj. 空白前后是名词 2adv. adj. 空白前是副词 3link v./be adj. be动或系动后考虑形容词做表语 以下情况，空白处为副词： 1adv. v.或 v. adv.副词修饰动词，表示程度状态 2adv. adj.副词可修饰形容词 3adv.从句，有些副词做句子的状语，表示转折因果等逻辑关系
选词填空技巧汇总 大学英语四级考试的阅读部分，除了传统的两篇仔细阅读和一篇快速阅读，还有一种让考生普遍头痛的考法：选词填空。 选词填空的考察形式是：一篇280词左右的文章，文章中挖出10个空，并统一给出A-O15个备选答案。 选词填空区别于完形填空，有更大的解题难度，原因在于： 1. 完形填空每题都是四选一，选词填空第一题要十五选一，就算用到排除法，最后一题也要六选一，而且在十五个选项中还有五个根本不会用到，难度加大； 2. 完形填空每题的四个选项都是统一的词性，只需要辨析词义、搭配就基本可以作答，而选词填空的十五个选项有多个词性，解题时需要同时判断词性和词义，难度加大； 3. 完形填空每题的四个选项往往都是统一时态，统一形式，而在选词填空中会涉及选项的动词时态、第三人称单数形式、被动主动语态，名词的单复数等的辨析，难度加大。 因此，针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步： 1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记； 2. 精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性； 3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。 四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用： 常见名词后缀： -ability usability, capability -ibility visibility, responsibility, stability -age package, shortage, marriage -ance importance, allowance, reliance -ence presence, absence, confidence -ant assistant, accountant, inhabitant -ent president, resident, dependent
2011年6月大学英语四级真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said. “The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. “It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.” 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47 N tend 48 L negative 49 H efficiently 50 B associated 51 A alert 52 J function/ 53 F definitely 54 O younger 55 E continuing56 G different 文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？ 2010年12月英语四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology
最新英语四级选词填空练习题和答案 Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by
历年四级真题选词填空词汇大全 【1】 result 结果；发生；由…而造成determining 下决心；做出决定involves 包含；涉及；专心于limited 有限的，受限的significant 重要的，有意义的gravely 严肃地，庄重地 range 范围；排列complained 抱怨；述说 relieved 放心的，解除 respect 尊重 issue 问题，发行 prompting 暗示，推动，驱使seriously 认真地，严肃地specialize 专门从事 magnificent 壮丽的，伟大的 【2】 victims 牺牲者，受害者 forward 前进的，向前的technology 科技 especially 尤其的，主要的 role 作用，地位 entire 全部的 respectively 各自的，各地的cooperative 合作的 projects 工程，项目comprehensive 广泛的，综合的 offers 提议，提供 assuming 如果 information 信息 acting 代理的 images 影响，映像 【3】accomplish 完成，达到advanced 先进的，高等的balloon 气球 claim 声称；断言constantly 不断地，时常的declare 宣布；声明interview 接见；面试；采访limited 限制，受限的manufacture 制造，生产moments 瞬间，片刻news 新闻 reduced 减少的；使变弱regret 后悔，遗憾 scary 使人惊慌的totally 完全，整个地【4】 abundant 大量的，充足的characters 性格，品质communicating 传达，表明；通讯completely 完全地，完整地derive 得到，源于diversity 多样化；差异escape 逃跑，逃脱establishing 建立；确定narrow 狭隘的；限制naturally 自然地，合理地personnel 全体员工；人员properly 适当的 respect 尊重 widen 放宽，加宽 【5】 closer 靠近的 painful 痛苦的 daily 每日
When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __1__ wasteful to tear them all down and __2__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __3__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __4__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __5__ our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing building," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust. With some __6__, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __7__ over time and let in more outside air. Fortunately, there are a __8__ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __9__ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __10__ property owners from rising power costs. [A] accommodations [B] clumsy [C] doubtfully [D] exceptions [E] expand [F] historic [G] incredibly [H] powering [I] protect [J] reduced [K] replace [L] sense [M] shifted [N] supplying [O] vast
大学英语四级选词填空练习（二十七） Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly __1__ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was __2__ to a little college French. I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, __3__ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up __4__ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable __5__ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment. There were some bad __6__. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even __7__ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition __8__. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a __9__. And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can __10__ wonders. [A] accomplish [B] advanced [C] balloon [D] claim [E] constantly [F] declare [G] interviews [H] limited [I] manufacture [J] moments
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested inspelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportantas a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or howmuch _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. Theproblem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become th e only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use ofdictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing abouta personal experience ：“ This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible( 难以辨认的).” It may have been a sharP__8__ of the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omittedto read the ess ay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s deePfeelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centredon the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would havegiven the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement. A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearlyE)adventurous F ）discourage G)motivation H)terribleI)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressedM)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed Answers: 1. 选I ）。由该句中的has 可知，此处应填动词过去式，且表达的含义应和后面的consider…unimportant 相近，故应排除contained 和expressed而选择ignored 。 2. 选A ）。此处应填名词，但能与后面over 构成固定搭配的名词只有priority ，故排除了criticism 和motivation 。 3. 选M). 由空格前面的and 可知，此处应填副词和freely 并列。从句意来理解，在没有拼写困难的情况下，怎样鼓励学生自由且…… 地表达自己，选项中只有confidently “自信地“符合题意。 4. 选N ）。很明显这里应填形容词，选项中terrible ，difficult 后接事物名词something ，只有adventurous 和bright 可用来形容somebody （child )，再由后面的play safe“不冒险”，可排除adventurous而选择bright。 5. 选E ）。由前一句中的be likely to “ play safe ”和空格前的avoid可以推知，此处所填词的意思应与play safe表达的意思相反，故选项中只有adventurous符合题意。 6. 选K ）。很明显此处应填动词的一般现在时，可选项有encourage和persuade 。由That’s why 知本句与前一句构成因果关系，而前一句说的是学生往往会用他们拼写范围内的词写文章，从而选择避免用那些不会的词，故由此可推知此句应理解为老师鼓励学生用字典，因此排除persuade 而选encourage。 7. 选H ）。此处应填形容词。由空格后面的too many spelling errors和illegible可知，这篇文章是写的很糟，而不是很难理解。故排除difficult而选terrible。 8. 选B ）。此处应填名词。由后半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher可知，前半句是在指责学生，故选项中只有criticism符合题意。 9. 选C ）。此处填动词过去式，本句中由which 引导的从句是对essay的解释，剩余选项中contained 和expressed ，根据句意，文章…… 儿童内心感受的一些好的表达，
大学英语四级选词填空和快速阅读复习攻略 选词填空: 首先:预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性:名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记; 其次:精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性; 第三:把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。 记背选词填空选项的重点范围: 1.历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词 2.历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项，仔细阅读态度题的选项 3.历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇 快速阅读: 建议做题方法:读题干并确定关键词(中心词)--去原文中定位关键词--分析定位句--分析题干--确定答案。 首先用“打包”方法对付乱序: 把整组题全部一次性吃透，然后去原文从头到尾定位。否则，考生如果按顺序逐题解答，时间会严重不足，最好是文章一遍看下来，能找到所有的信息。此外，考生应该注意定位原文的过程中，一定要脑、眼和手并用:眼是肯定要用的，不用脑会导致忽视同义转换，不用手(笔)会使我们处于走马观花的状态，然后会怀疑自己是不是漏掉了信息而不停地看。 其次:“吃透”题干，准确判断关键词(中心词)至关重要。如果没吃透题干，就无法准确判断关键词或中心词，就可能对原文中的重要信息没感觉。一般来说，题干关键词或中心词为实词以及一些数字、专有名词等。 最后，在解题的先后顺序上，采用先易后难的策略。采用由易到难的解题策略，可以提升考生的解题信心。对于那些答题线索较少的题干细节信息，考生可留在最后再解答。在解答这类较难的题目时，考生可快速阅读原文中仍未选过的段落的主题句(通常为第一句、第二句或最后一句)，之后根据段落大意与题干中的细节信息进行匹配。
2010年12月英语四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior. Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 ［A］abilities ［I］extent ［B］achieve ［J］indicates ［C］appeal ［K］proceeds ［D］complaints ［L］psychological ［E］contributions ［M］raised ［F］displayed ［N］smart ［G］essentially ［O］standard ［H］eventually 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. M) raised 48. L) psychological 49. E) contributions 50. A) abilities 51. B) achieve 52. N) smart 53. I) extent 54. J) indicates 55. G) essentially 56. H) eventually 2010年6月英语四级考试真题 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __47__ wasteful to tear them all down and __48__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __49__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __51__
A. create B. depressed C. eve ntually D. experie nces E. explori ng F. exterior G. habitats H. inno vate I. inten tio nally 丄 inv estme nt K. reveali ng L. stretches M. stripped N. territory O. victim Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs （暗礁） perfect for scuba diving （水肺式潜泳） and preserving marine __26__. Turkish authorities have just sunk somethi ng a little differe nt tha n a ship, and it would n't no rmally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was __27__ of everythi ng pote ntially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane __28__ the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new un derwater attract ion will bring tourists to the area. The pla ne __29__ a total len gth of 54 meters, where experie need scuba divers will __30__ be able to ven ture through the cab in and around the pla ne's __31__ Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US $ 100, 000, but they hope to see a return on that __32__ through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the __33__ of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest __34__ sunk aircraft ever. Tak ing a trip un derwater and __35__ the in side of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekersand experieneed divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver's paradise （天堂）. G. habitats H. humble I. image A. acquired D. deliberately B. adaptatio ns E. expressed C. brutal F. exte nds
大学英语四级选词填空技巧篇 第一步：通读全文read through (1分钟) 通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少90% 的文章内容。 要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。所以，务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意gap 前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。 提醒：就算是通读，也别拿来就把头埋进去傻读。先居高临下，花5秒钟把短文各个自然段的段首扫一遍。第一句是不允许出题的，它对全文起概括、提示的作用。所以，一定要认真看懂第一句。 第二步：整理选项classify the options (1分钟) 这一步，公认的做法是先标出15个选项的词性(parts of speech)，名词前写n, 动词前写v等等。目前四级考试只考实词（notional words）中的四种：名词n 做主语和宾语, 动词v做谓语，形容词adj做定语，副词adv做状语。不考代词pron和数词num；也不考虚词form words（冠词art, 介词prep, 连词conj, 感叹词interj）动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。 对于四级的一般文章，选项有如下特点：15个单词中3个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案、3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案、3个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案、1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案。应该说四级大部分文章都存在以上特点，但是有时也不完全一致，希望考生利用以上特点作为答题的一个参考。 四种实词中，考的最少的是副词adv, 不超过两个空。剩下的三种平均每次有三道题。研究样题和真题，我们发现，动词一直是考三个。另外三种词性，有两个的，也有四个的。
Passage 1 In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages 47 using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be 48 , of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also 49 problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from 51 at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students 52 a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is 53 for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also 54 certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can 55 . It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a 56 where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty. It seems you always forget—your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping... Such absent-mindedness may be 47 to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the 48 sees. The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 49 the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 50 by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 51 label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in. It could be used in 52 plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a 53 device. A spokesman for the project said: "A car mechanic for 54 could find at a