HIMCM 2014美国中学生数学建模竞赛试题
Problem A: Unloading Commuter Trains
Trains arrive often at a central Station, the nexus for many commuter trains from suburbs of larger cities on a “commuter” line. Most trains are long (perhaps 10 or more cars long). The distance a passenger has to walk to exit the train area is quite long. Each train car has only two exits, one near each end so that the cars can carry as many people as possible. Each train car has a center aisle and there are two seats on one side and three seats on the other for each row of seats.To exit a typical station of interest, passengers must exit the car, and then make their way to a stairway to get to the next level to exit the station. Usually these trains are crowded so there is a “fan” of passengers from the train trying to get up the stairway. The stairway could accommodate two columns of people exiting to the top of the stairs.Most commuter train platforms have two tracks adjacent to the platform. In the worst case, if two fully occupied trains arrived at the same time, it might take a long time for all the passengers to get up to the main level of the station.Build a mathematical model to estimate the amount of time for a passenger to reach the street level of the station to exit the complex. Assume there are n cars to a train, each car has length d. The length of the platform is p, and the number of stairs in each staircase is q. Use your model to specifically optimize (minimize) the time traveled to reach street level to exit a station for the following:
问题一:通勤列车的负载问题
在中央车站,经常有许多的联系从大城市到郊区的通勤列车“通勤”线到达。大多数火车很长(也许10个或更多的汽车长)。乘客走到出口的距离也很长，有整个火车区域。每个火车车厢只有两个出口,一个靠近终端, 因此可以携带尽可能多的人。每个火车车厢有一个中心过道和过道两边的座椅，一边每排有两个座椅，另一边每排有三个座椅。走出这样一个典型车站,乘客必须先出火车车厢,然后走入楼梯再到下一个级别的出站口。通常情况下这些列车都非常拥挤,有大量的火车上的乘客试图挤向楼梯，而楼梯可以容纳两列人退出。大多数通勤列车站台有两个相邻的轨道平台。在最坏的情况下,如果两个满载的列车同时到达,所有的乘客可能需要很长时间才能到达主站台。建立一个数学模型来估计旅客退出这种复杂的状况到达出站口路上的时间。假设一列火车有n个汽车那么长,每个汽车的长度为d。站台的长度是p，每个楼梯间的楼梯数量是q。使用您的模型具体来优化(减少)前往主站台的时间，有如下要求:
Requirement 1. One fully occupied train's passengers to exit the train, and ascend the stairs to reach the street access level of the station.
要求1.一个满载乘客的火车，所有乘客都要出火车。所有乘客都要出楼梯抵达出主站台的路上。
Requirement 2. Two fully occupied trains' passengers (all passengers exit onto a common platform) to exit the trains, and ascend the stairs to reach the street access level
of the station.
要求2.两个满载列车的乘客都要出车厢(所有乘客出到一个公用站台), 所有乘客都要出楼梯抵达出主站台的路上。
Requirement 3. If you could redesign the location of the stairways along the platform, where should these stairways be placed to minimize the time for one or two trains' passengers to exit the station?
要求3.如果你能重新设计楼梯沿着站台的位置，那么这些楼梯应放置在哪,以缩短一列或两列火车的乘客出站所用的时间?
Requirement 4. How does the time to street level vary with the number s of stairways that one builds?
要求4.乘客到达出主站台的路上所用的时间跟构建楼梯的台阶数有怎样的关系?
Requirement 5. How does the time vary if the stairways can accommodate k people, k an integer greater than one?
要求5.如果楼梯可以容纳K个人，那么时间会如何变化？（k是大于1的整数）
In addition to the HiMCM format, prepare a short non-technical article to the director of transportation explaining why they should adopt your model to improve exiting a station. 除了要遵循HiMCM规范，准备一个简短的非技术物品向运输主管解释为什么他们应该采取你的模型来提高出站效率。
Problem B: The Next Plague?
In 2014, the world saw the infectious Ebola virus spreading in western Africa. Throughout human history, epidemics have come and gone with some infecting and/or killing thousands and lasting for years and others taking less of a human toll. Some believe these events are just nature’s way of controlling the growth of a species while others think they could be a conspiracy or deliberate act to cause harm. This problem will most likely come down to how to expend (or not expend) scarce resources (doctors, containment facilities, money, research, serums, etc…) to deal with a crisis.
问题二:下一场瘟疫?
在2014年，世界看到了感染埃博拉病毒在西非蔓延。纵观人类历史，流行病来了又走，有些感染带到来然后杀死成千上万的人并且持续数百年，另外一些流行病导致少量的人员伤亡的。一些人认为，这些事件只是大自然控制物种的生长方式，而其他人则认为，这可能是一个阴谋，或者是故意行为造成伤害。这个问题很可能会归咎到如何花费（或不花费）稀缺资源（医生，防护设施，资金，科研，精华素等），以应对危机。
Section A:
A routine humanitarian mission on an island in Indonesia reported a small village where almost half of its 300 inhabitants are showing similar symptoms. In the past week, 15 of the “infected” have died. This village is known to trade with nearby villages and other islands. Your modeling team works for a major center of disease control in the capital of your country (or if you prefer, for the International World Health Organization).
A部分：
一个常见的人道主义报道：在印度尼西亚的一个岛上的一个小村庄，那里的300名居民中几乎有一半都出现了类似的症状。在过去的一周，15个“传染”着已经死亡。这个村与附近的村庄和其他岛屿进行交易而出名。您的建模团队工作的疾病控制的一个主要中心是在贵国的首都（或者，如果你喜欢，可以说是国际世界卫生组织）。
Requirement 1: develop a mathematical model that performs the following functions as well as how/when to best allocates these scarce resources and…
- Determines and classifies the type and severity of the spread of the disease
- Determines if an epidemic is contained or not
- Triggers appropriate measures( when to treat, when to transport victims, when to restrict movement, when to let a disease run its course, etc…) to contain a disease.
Note: While you may want to start with the well-known “SIR” family or models for parts of its problem, consider others,
modifications to the SIR, multiple models, or creating your own.
要求1：建立一个数学模型执行以下功能，包括如何/何时最佳分配这些稀缺资源...
- 确定和分类的疾病传播的类型和严重程度
- 或者，确定疫情是否受控（爆发）
- 引发适当的措施（什么时候治疗，什么时候运送受害者，什么时候限制转移，什么时候让疾病听其自然，等等）去控制某种疾病。
注意：此时你可能要开始使用著名的“SIR”模型或该模型的部分，或者考虑别的修正后的SIR 模型，多个模型，或者创建自己的模型。
Requirement 2: Based on the information given, your model, and the assumptions your team has made, what initial recommendations does your team have for your country center for disease control? (Given 3-5 recommendations with justifications)
Additional Situational Information: A multi-national research team just returned to your country capital after spending
7 days gathering information in the infected village.
要求2：根据所给出的信息、你的模型以及你的团队所做的假设，你的团队需要为你的国家疾病预防控制中心给出哪些初步建议？（3-5给出建议，理由）
附加态势信息：多国研究小组花7天聚集在村里被感染后的信息返回给你的国家首都。
Requirement 3: You can ask them up to 3 questions to improve your model. What would your ask and why?
Additional Situational Information: The mulit-national research team concluded that the disease:
-Appears to spread through contact with bodily fluids of an infected person
-The elderly and children are more likely to die if infected
-A nearby island is starting to show similar signs of infection
-One of the researchers that returned to your capital appears infected
要求3：你可以要求问他们3个问题，以改进你的模型。你需要问什么问题和原因？
附加情境信息：多国研究小组得出结论一致认为，本病：
-出现传播是通过与受感染者的体液接触
-如果感染，老人和儿童更容易感染
-附近的岛上开始出现类似感染的迹象
-一个研究者返回到贵国首都出现感染
Requirement 4:How does the additional information above change/modify your model? 要求4：如何根据以上的附加信息改版/修改模型？
Requirement 5:Write a one-page synopsis of your findings for your local non-technical news outlet.
要求5：写下你的发现，为当地的非技术广播电台(或电视台)提供新闻稿。
美国文学试题库 注：试题库内容仅作为学习参考使用，并不代表考试内容。任何一道题均可能变化为其它形式的试题。 1. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more_____________. A. rational B. humorous C. optimistic D. pessimistic 2.The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American___________ . A. local colorism B. vernacularism C. modernism D. naturalism 3. ____________were idealists, believing the church should be restored to complete “purity” and dreaming that they would build the new land to an Eden on earth. A. Calvinists B. Puritans C. Romanticists D. Transcendentalists 4. All of the following are the features of Puritans EXCEPT _____. A. wanting to make pure their religious beliefs and practices
数学中国MCM/ICM参赛指南翻译（2014版） MCM:The Mathematical Contest in Modeling MCM：数学建模竞赛 ICM:The InterdisciplinaryContest in Modeling ICM：交叉学科建模竞赛ContestRules, Registration and Instructions 比赛规则，比赛注册方式和参赛指南 (All rules and instructions apply to both ICM and MCMcontests, except where otherwisenoted.)（所有MCM的说明和规则除特别说明以外都适用于 ICM） 每个MCM的参赛队需有一名所在单位的指导教师负责。 指导老师：请认真阅读这些说明，确保完成了所有相关的步骤。每位指导教师的责任包括确保每个参赛队正确注册并正确完成参加MCM/ ICM所要求的相关步骤。请在比赛前做一份《参赛指南》的拷贝，以便在竞赛时和结束后作为参考。 组委会很高兴宣布一个新的补充赛事（针对MCM/ICM 比赛的视频录制比赛）。点击这里阅读详情！ 1.竞赛前
A．注册 B．选好参赛队成员 2.竞赛开始之后 A．通过竞赛的网址查看题目 B．选题 C．参赛队准备解决方案 D．打印摘要和控制页面 3.竞赛结束之前 A.发送电子版论文。 4.竞赛结束的时候, A. 准备论文邮包 B．邮寄论文 5.竞赛结束之后 A. 确认论文收到 B．核实竞赛结果 C．发证书 D．颁奖 I. BEFORE THE CONTEST BEGINS:（竞赛前）A.注册 所有的参赛队必须在美国东部时间2014年2月6号（星期四）下午2点前完成注册。届时，注册系统将会自动关闭，不再接受新的注册。任何未在规定时间
2014 Final Exam Study Guide for American Literature Class Plan of Final Exam 1.Best Choice Question 10% 2.True or False Question 10% 3.Definition 10% 4.Give Brief Answers to Questions 30% 5.Critical Comments 40% American Literature Review Poe’s Poetic Ideas; Major Ideas in Emerson’s “Nature”; Whitman’s Style; Formal Features of Dickinson’s Poetry; Analysis of “Miniver Cheevy” by Edwin Arlington Robinson; Comment on “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost; Naturalistic reading of Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser; The Theme and Techniques in Eliot’s “The Waste Land”; Theme and Technique in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald; Comment on Hemingway’s style and theme in A Farewell to Arms; Analysis of “Dry September” by William Faulkner; Literary terms: Transcendentalism American Naturalism The Lost Generation The Jazz Age Free Verse The Iceberg Analogy
美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the
One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards
作业 1．第1题 When we say that a poor young man from the West tried to make his fortune in the East but was disillusioned in the quest of an idealized dream, we are probably discussing about ______’s thematic concern in his fiction writing. A.Henry James B.Scott Fitzgerald C.Hemingway D.William Faulkne 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 ___ did not ever show his/her concern for the Indians. A.Anne Bradstreet B.Philip Freneau C.Roger Williams D.John Eliot 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 ____ made many translations, among which, Dante’s Divine Comedy was the best. A.William C. Bryant B.Henry W. Longfellow C.Emerson D.Hawthorne 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第4题 The Declaration of Independence was the product of the joint efforts by ___, A.George Washington
美国文学自测题及参考答案I Directions: In this part of the test, there are 9 items and 10 blanks. Fill in the best answer on the Answer Sheet according to the knowledge you have learned. 1.The first American literature was neither ____ nor really ____. 2.Of the immigrants who came to America in the first three quarters of the seventeenth century, the overwhelming majority was _____. 3.The English immigrants who settled on America’s northern seacoast were called _____, so named after those who wished to “purify” the Church of England. 4.Washington Irving, the Father of American literature, developed the _____ as a genre in American literature. 5.Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece _____. 6.The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was _____. 7.In the early 19th century, “Rip Van Winkle”had established _____’s reputation at home and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism. 8._____ has sometimes been considered the father of the modern short story. 9.In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne brought out his masterpiece _____, the story of a triangular love affair in colonial America. Directions: In this part of the test, there are twenty items. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. The Colonial Period of American literature stretched roughly from
眼看一年一度的美国高中生数学建模竞赛就要到来了，聪明机智的你准备好了吗？ 今年和码趣学院一起去参加吧！ 什么是HiMCM HiMCM(High School Mathematical Contest in Modeling)美国高中生数学建模竞赛，是美国数学及其应用联合会（COMAP）主办的活动，面向全球高中生开放。 竞赛始于1999年，大赛组委将现实生活中的各种问题作为赛题，通过比赛来考验学生的综合素质。
HiMCM不仅需要选手具备编程技巧，更强调数学，逻辑思维和论文写作能力。这项竞赛是借鉴了美国大学生数学建模竞赛的模式，结合中学生的特点进行设计的。 为什么要参加HiMCM 数学逻辑思维是众多学科的基础，在申请高中或大学专业的时候（如数学，经济学，计算机等），参加了优质的数学竞赛的经历都会大大提升申请者的学术背景。除了AMC这种书面数学竞赛，在某种程度上数学建模更能体现学生用数学知识解决各种问题的能力。
比赛形式 注意：HiMCM比赛可远程参加，无规定的比赛地点，无需提交纸质版论文。重要的是参赛者应注重解决方案的设计性，表述的清晰性。 1.参赛队伍在指定17天中，选择连续的36小时参加比赛。 2.比赛开始后，指导教师可登陆相应的网址查看赛题，从A题或B题中任选其一。 3.在选定的36小时之内，可以使用书本、计算机和网络，但不能和团队以外的任何人 员交流（包括本队指导老师） 比赛题目 1.比赛题目来自现实生活中的两个真实的问题，参赛队伍从两个选题中任选一个。比赛 题目为开放性的，没有唯一的解决方案。 2.赛事组委会的评审感兴趣的是参赛队伍解决问题的方法，所以不太完整的解决方案也 能提交。 3.参赛队伍必须将问题的解决方案整理成31页内的学术论文（包括一页摘要），学术 论文中可以用图表，数据等形式，支撑问题的解决方案 4.赛后，参赛队伍向COMPA递交学术论文，最终成果以英文报告的方式，通过电子 邮件上传。 表彰及奖励 参赛队伍的解决方案由COMPA组织专家评阅，最后评出： 特等奖（National Outstanding) 特等奖提名奖（National Finalist or Finalist） 一等奖（Meritorious)
2013春美国文学在线作业100分 1．第11题 ___ is not a name to refer to Natty Bumppo in Cooper’s frontier saga. A.deerslayer B.pathfinder C.hawkeye D.Mohican 答案:D 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第12题 “these are times that try men’s souls”is a sentence quoted ｆrom paine’s pamphlet___. A.American Crisis https://www.doczj.com/doc/0913820607.html,mon Sense C.On Human Rights 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第13题 The first American writer who propounded that a piece of literary work should focus on the production of a single emotional effect is ___. A. Nathaniel Hawthorne B.Herman Melville C.Edgar Ellan Poe 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第14题 "Lost Generation" is a term first coined by ---.
A.Ernest Hemingway B.Fitzgerald C. Gertrude Stein 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 5．第15题 Among the following 3 poets the one who was once imprisoned for political reasons is ---. A.Carl Sandburg B.Edwin Arlington Robinson C.Ezra Pound 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 6．第16题 As a Modernist poet, Pound is noted for his active involvement in the ______ A.cubist school of modern painting B.Imagist Movement C.stream-of-consciousness technique D.German Expressionism 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 7．第17题 The first great American juvenile literature was _____. A.Sketch Book B.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow C.Walden D.Mardi 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0
PROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie Pan When baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven. Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between. Assume 1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape. 2. Each pan must have an area of A. 3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced. Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions: 1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)
1．第6题 The novel Sister Carrie opens with a description of Carrie on a train trip to the city of _______ looking for a factory job. A.New York B.Beijing C.Boston D.Chicago 答案:D 2．第7题 Among the following titles, only one is not among the Leather-Stoking Tales series. It is__________. A.The Last of the Mohicans B.The Prairie C.The Pathfinder D.Moby Dick 答案:D 3．第8题 The last finished novel written by Fitzgerald is __________. A.This Side of Paradise B.All the Sad Young Men C.The Great Gatsby D.Tender Is the Night 答案:D 4．第9题 "Two roads diverged in a yellow woods" is a line in a poem written by ---. A.T. S. Eliot B.Wallace Stevens C.Robert Frost 答案:C 5．第10题 In Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter,the central character Hester Prynne had a secret affair with _____________. A.Chillingworth B.Pearl C.Dimmesdale D.Hester Prynne 答案:C 6．第11题
2012-2013学年第二学期 《美国文学》期末考试试卷（A卷） 专业：英语年级：2010级考试方式：闭卷学分：2 考试时间：110分钟 I．Multiple Choices(每小题 1分，共20分) Directions: Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question. II．Explain the Following Literary Terms Briefly (每小题7分，共14分) Directions: Please write down the answers on the Answer Sheet. Local Colorism Transcendentalism III．Identification of Fragments (每小题7分，共21分) Directions: Please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly comment on it in English. Please write down the answers on the Answer Sheet. 23. “…That?s right.? He said; …I?m no good now. I was all right. I had money. I?m going to quit this,? and, with death in his heart, he started down toward the Bowery. People had turned on the gas before and died; why shouldn?t he? He remembered a lodging house where there were little, close rooms, with gas-jet in them, almost pre-arranged, he thought, for what he wanted to do, which rented for fifteen cents. Then he remembered that he had no fifteen cents.” 25. “Her skeleton was small and spare; perhaps that was why that would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her. She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue. 24. “…Mr. Gatz, I thought you might want to take the body West.?
数学模型的组队非常重要，三个人的团队一定要有分工明确而且互有合作，三个人都有其各自的特长，这样在某方面的问题的处理上才会保持高效率。 三个人的分工可以分为这几个方面： 数学员：学习过很多数模相关的方法、知识，无论是对实际问题还是数学理论都有着比较敏感的思维能力，知道一个问题该怎样一步步经过化简而变为数学问题，而在数学上又有哪些相关的方法能够求解，他可以不能熟练地编程，但是要精通算法，能够一定程度上帮助程序员想算法，总之，数学员要做到的是能够把一个问题清晰地用数学关系定义，然后给出求解的方向； 程序员：负责实现数学员的想法，因为作为数学员，要完成大部分的模型建立工作，因此调试程序这类工作就必须交给程序员来分担了，一些程序细节程序员必须非常明白，需要出图，出数据的地方必须能够非常迅速地给出；ACM的参赛选手是个不错的选择，他们的程序调试能力能够节约大量的时间，提高在有限时间内工作的工作效率； 写手：在全文的写作中，数学员负责搭建模型的框架结构，程序员负责计算结果并与数学员讨论，进而形成模型部分的全部内容，而写手要做的。就是在此基础之上，将所有的图表，文字以一定的结构形式予以表达，注意写手时刻要从评委，也就是论文阅读者的角度考虑问题，在全文中形成一个完整地逻辑框架。同时要做好排版的工作，最终能够把数学员建立的模型和程序员算出的结果以最清晰的方式体现在论文中。一个好的写手能够清晰地分辨出模型中重要和次要的部分，这样对成文是有非常大的意义的。因为论文是评委能够唯一看到的成果，所以写手的水平直接决定了获奖的高低，重要性也不言而喻了。 三个人至少都能够擅长一方面的工作，同时相互之间也有交叉，这样，不至于在任何一个环节卡壳而没有人能够解决。因为每一项工作的工作量都比较庞大，因此，在准备的过程中就应该按照这个分工去准备而不要想着通吃。这样才真正达到了团队协作的效果。 比赛流程：对于比赛流程，在三天的国赛里，我们应该用这样一种安排方式：第一天：定题+资
美国文学作业 作业 1．第9题 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court was written by _______. A.Henry James B.Mark Twain C.Jack London D.Theodore Dreiser 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第10题 “all sappy as maples ａnd flat as the prairie” is a comment made by james russell lowell on the female characters in novels written by______. A.Washington Irving B.James Fenimore Cooper C.Philip Freneau D.George Washington 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第11题 Among the following novels, only one was not written by Herman Melville. It is _____________. A.The Confidence-Man B.The PIlot C.Moby Dick 答案:B 您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第12题 Sister Carrie is a noel written by ___. A.Theodore Dreiser B.Stephen Crance C. Frank Norris 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 5．第13题 The central character’s name in James Fenimore Cooper’s novel series The Leatherstocking Tales is ______________. A.Isabelle Archer B.Natty Bumpo C.Ishmael 答案:B 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0 6．第14题 _______ does not belong to the school of naturalism in history. A.Stephen Crane B.Frank Norris C.Jack London D.Walt Whitman 答案:D 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 7．第15题
如何准备美赛 数学模型：数学模型的功能大致有三种：评价、优化、预测。几乎所有模型都是围绕这三种功能来做的。比如，2012年美赛A题树叶分类属于评价模型，B题漂流露营安排则属于优化模型。 对于不同功能的模型有不同的方法，例如 评价模型方法有层次分析、模糊综合评价、熵值法等； 优化模型方法有启发式算法（模拟退火、遗传算法等）、仿真方法（蒙特卡洛、元胞自动机等）； 预测模型方法有灰色预测、神经网络、马尔科夫链等。 在数学中国、数学建模网站上有许多关于这些方法的相关介绍与文献。 软件与书籍： 软件一般三款足够：Matlab、SPSS、Lingo，学好一个即可。 书籍方面，推荐三本，一本入门，一本进级，一本参考，这三本足够： 《数学模型》姜启源谢金星叶俊高等教育出版社 《数学建模方法与分析》Mark M. Meerschaert 机械工业出版社 《数学建模算法与程序》司守奎国防工业出版社 入门的《数学模型》看一遍即可，对数学模型有一个初步的认识与把握，国赛前看完这本再练习几篇文章就差不多了。另外，关于入门，韩中庚的《数学建模方法及其应用》也是不错的，两本书选一本阅读即可。如果参加美赛的话，进级的《数学建模方法与分析》要仔细研究，这本书写的非常好，可以算是所有数模书籍中最好的了，没有之一，建议大家去买一本。这本书中开篇指出的最优化模型五步方法非常不错，后面的方法介绍的动态模型与概率模型也非常到位。参考书目《数学建模算法与程序》详细的介绍了多种建模方法，适合用来理解模型思想，参考自学。 分工合作：数模团队三个人，一般是分别负责建模、编程、写作。当然编程的可以建模，建模的也可以写作。这个要视具体情况来定，但这三样必须要有人擅长，这样才能保证团队最大发挥出潜能。 这三个人中负责建模的人是核心，要起主导作用，因为建模的人决定了整篇论文的思路与结构，尤其是模型的选择直接关系到了论文的结果与质量。 对于建模的人，首先要去大量的阅读文献，要见识尽可能多的模型，这样拿到一道题就能迅速反应到是哪一方面的模型，确定题目的整体思路。 其次是接口的制作，这是体现建模人水平的地方。所谓接口的制作就是把死的方法应用到具体问题上的过程，即用怎样的表达完成程序设计来实现模型。比如说遗传算法的方法步骤大家都知道，但是应用到具体问题上，编码、交换、变异等等怎么去做就是接口的制作。往往对于一道题目大家都能想到某种方法，可就是做不出来，这其实是因为接口不对导致的。做接口的技巧只能从不断地实践中习得，所以说建模的人任重道远。 另外，在平时训练时，团队讨论可以激烈一些，甚至可以吵架，但比赛时，一定要保持心平气和，不必激烈争论，大家各让3分，用最平和的方法讨论问题，往往能取得效果并且不耽误时间。经常有队伍在比赛期间发生不愉快，导致最后的失败，这是不应该发生的，毕竟大家为了一个共同的目标而奋斗，这种经历是很难得的。所以一定要协调好队员们之间的关系，这样才能保证正常发挥，顺利进行比赛。 美赛特点：一般人都认为美赛比国赛要难，这种难在思维上，美赛题目往往很新颖，一时间想不出用什么模型来解。这些题目发散性很强，需要查找大量文献来确定题目的真正意图，美赛更为注重思想，对结果的要求却不是很严格，如果你能做出一个很优秀的模型，也许结果并不理想也可能获得高奖。另外，美赛还难在它的实现，很多东西想到了，但实现起来非常困难，这需要较高的编程水平。 除了以上的差异，在实践过程中，美赛和国赛最大的区别有两点： 第一点区别当然是美赛要用英文写作，而且要阅读很多英文文献。对于文献阅读，可以安装有道词典，
2013-2014-1 美国文学史及选读期末复习材料 实用标准文案 Ⅰ Multiple choices 1. Which is not connected with Thomas Paine? A. Common Sense B. The American Crisis C. The Rights of Man D. The Autobiography 2. “These are the times that try men’s souls”, these words were once read to Washington’s troops and did much to spur excitement to further action with hope and confidence. Who is the author of these words? A.Benjamin Franklin B. Thomas Paine C. Thomas Jefferson D. George Washington 3. At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ______. A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist Movement C. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement 4. In American literature, the Enlighteners were favorable to______. A. the colonial order B. religious obscurantism C. the Puritan tradition D. the secular literature 5. The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted ______ in 177 6. A. Declaration of Independence B. the Sugar Act C. the Stamp Act D. the Mayflower Compact 6. ______ usually was regarded as the first American writer. A. William Bradford B. Anne Bradstreet C. Emily Dickinson D. Captain John Smith 7. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “______” who appeared in America. A. Ninth Muse B. Tenth Muse C. Best Muse D. First Muse 8. Who was considered as the “poet of American Revolution”? A. Anne Bradstreet B. Edward Taylor C. Michael Wigglesworth D. Philip Freneau 9. In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced the best poet ______ to appear in America up to that time. A. Edward Taylor B. Philip Freneau C. William Cullen Bryant D. Edgar Allen Poe 10. The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in ______. A. The Scarlet Letter B. Young Goodman Brown C. The Marble Faun D. The Ambitious Guest 11. “The universe is composed of Nature and the soul… Spirit is present everywhere”. This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England ______. A. Romanticism B. Transcendentalism C. Naturalism D. Symbolism 12. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism? A. Nature B. Walden C. On Beauty D. Self-Reliance
大四美国文学期末考试题型及例题： 1.选择/对错 60分（40道选择， 20个对错） 2.名词解释 10分（5个） 3.选段配对 10分（5个） 4.问答 20分（10/2） 1．历史：Father / poetess… 2. 名作家：Hemingway, Faulkner, Poe, Hawthorne, Emerson 3．作品：The Wasteland/Moby Dick/Scarlet Letter 选择题（40个，40分） 1. At the age of reason and revolution, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ________. A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist Movement C. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement 2. Which is NOT connected to Benjamin Franklin ________ A. He was born in a poor family. B. He was a pious puritan. C. He was phrased as “Jack of all trades”. D. He was a master of diplomacy. 3. Ernest Hemingway is noted for the following EXCEPT ________. A. Lost Generation B. Iceberg theory