Exercises for First Chapters 1 and 2
I. Filling the blamks.
1. At last early in the ___17______ century, the English settlements in ___Virgina
________ and __Massachusetts_____________ began the main strems of what we recognize as the American national history.
2. The earliest settlers in US, includes __duch_______ , Swedes, __germans_______,
French ，_Spaniards_________，Italians and __ Portuguese___.
3. The Puritans had come to New Land for the sake of _________________, while Virginia had
been plantedmainly as a ____________________.
4. Hard work, _________, piety, and _________ were the Puritan values that dominated much
of the earliest American writing.
5. Most Puritan verse was decidedly plodding, but the work of the two writers, Anne Bradstreet
and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of ____________________.
6. __________ was , probably, at once the first modern American and the country's last
medieval man.
7. The Puritans were opposed to _______________ and _______________.
8. _______________ was the only American to sign the four documents that created the
United States: the Declaration of Independence, the treaty of alliance, the treaty peace with England and the constitution
9. Franklin's main literature achievement relys on his ___________________________ and
___________________________.
II. Define the following literary terms:
1. American Puritanism
2. Puritan writing styles
III. Answer the following questions:
1. give a description of Franklin.
2. what does Franklin's Autobiography reflect?
3. Why do people think Franklin is the embodiment of American Dream?
Chapter 3
I. Filling the blanks.
1. The American Romanticism lasted from the end of 18th century to the __________________.
2. As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American Romanticism was both ______________ and ______________________.
3. Through the first half of 19th century the persuit of _____________, utility, and _________________ remained an American characteristic.
4. Irving's _______________ became the first work by an American writeer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.
5. ______________ values were prominent in American politics, art, and philosophy until the Civil War..
6. Romantic writers placed increasing value on the _______________ expression of emotion and displayed increasing attention to the _______________ states of their characters.
7. __________ was the first great prose stylist of American romanticism, and his familiar style was destined to outlive the formal prose of such contemporariess as Scott and Cooper.
8. Irvinf was the first great ____________, writing always for _____________, and to produce ___________________.
9. Cooper lanuched two kinds of novels, _________________ and _______________.
10. _________________ was the father of Short story in American.
11. As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American Romanticism was both ______________ and __________________. (imitative, independent)
12. _______________ marked the beginning of Ameican Romantisim. (The Sketch Book)
13. The Leatherstocking Tales was written by __________. (James Fenimore Cooper.)
II. Answer the followings briefly.
1. American Romanticism
2. Features of American Romanticism
III. State the followings
Conflict thoughts in Leatherstocking Tales
Chapter 4
I. Filling the blanks.
1. ____________________________ is called the summit of American Romanticism.
2 Transcedentalism is also called ________________.
3. Transcedentlists formed a club _________________
__________ and published their own journal ________.
4. New England Transcedentlism was the product of a combination of _____________ and ____________. (foreign influence, American Puritan tradition)
5. ________ is regarded as the Bible of Transcedentalism. (Nature)
6 ______________ has been regarded as “America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence”. (The American Scholar)
7. In the book, “The American Scholar”, Emerson advocated the Americans should write about _____________. (American itself.)
8. Henry David Thoreau wrote his masterpiece, __________. (Walden)
II. Answer the following question briefly.
Transcedentalism
The sources of Transcedentalism
III. What are the thought sources of Transcedentalism?
IV. Emerson’s aethetics.
V. Emerson’s ideas in his literature career.
How to interpret the INDIVIDUAL in Nature?
Chapter 5 to 6
I. Filiing the blanks
1. with the book, _____________, Hawthorne became famous as the greatest writer in America.
(The Scarlet Letter.)
2. The letter “A” in the book stands for ____________, ____________ and ______________.
(adultery, able, angel)
3. Melsille wrote his famous book _______________, which fully presented the Sybolism.
(Moby Dick)
4.Hawthorne was haunted in his life by his sense of sin and evil.
5.Hawthorne’s most of books revealed the social “ blackness”.
6. Whitman wrote about ______ poems, which were collected in _________________. (400,
Leaves of Grass)
7. the last poem in Whitman’s life is _____________________. (Goodbye, My Fancy)
8. _________ first wrote about the common people and daily event in poems. (Whitman)
9. Dickinson’s themes in poems is about __________, __________, and ___________. (love,
suffering, death)
10. Dickinson worte altogether ____________. (1175)
11. Dickinson’s basic tone in her poems is __________. (tragic)
II. Short answer to the followings.
1. Hawthorne’s main thoughts in his writing.
2. State three subsections of Whitman’s poems briefly.
3. Compare two poets Dickinson and Whitman.
III. Give an account of Whitman’s contribution to American literature.
Give an account of characters of Dickinson’s poems.
Analyze the structural patterns in Dickinson’s poems.
7到十二
I. Filling the blanks
1. ____________ is the father of the detective story in America. (Allan Poe)
2. ____________ dorminated American literature for 50 years. (Howells)
3. The Rise of Silas Lapham was ______________’s masterpiece. (Howells)
4. Henry James was concerned with “___________________”which is the center of his
aesthetics of the novel. ( point of view)
5. The appearrance of Bret;s Harte’s “_______________________________-“in 1868 marked
a significant development in the brief history of local color fiction. (The Luck of Roaring
Camp)
6. Local colorists concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the ______________
________ 0of their region. (local character)
7. Local Colorism lasted from _________ to _____________. (1860s ,the end of the century).
II. Define the literatural terms listed below.
Realism
In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to the end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of Romanticism and sentimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward the ordinary and a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for the common place and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. Realist literature finds the drama and the tension beneath the ordinary surface of life. A realist writer is more objective than subjective, more descriptive than symbolic. Realists looked for truth in everyday truths.
Mark T wain
Mark Twain is one of the great artists of all time, he was and an authentic giant of American national. He is the main representative of Local Colorism. His satire and humor are as popular today as at any time in American history. Mark Twain’s significant contribution to American literature lies in the fact that he made colloquial speech an accepted, respectable literature medium in the literary history of the country. His masterpiece is the Adventure of Tom Sawyer and the Adventure of Huckberry Finn.
Local colorism
It refers to a literature which has local texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than a native. It is characterized with a local culture, elements such as speech, customs, and mores peculiar to one particular place. It is also concerned with ite local background including the physical setting and landscape which condition human thought and behavior.Local colorists concerned with themselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions. They tend to idealize and glorify, but they never forget to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.
II. State the following briefly.
1.Evalute Poe in the histroy of American literature.
Poe remained the most controversial and most misunderstood literary figure in the history of American literature. He was for and against by American. Ironically, in Europe, Poe enjoyed respect and welcome. Swinburne, Bernard Shaw, D. H. Lawrence and W. H. Auden all admired and spoke highly of him.
2.State Henry James’ three writing periods.
His tree distinctive periods was: the first is from 1865 to 1882 which he wrote a number of novels such as American. He won the international fame in the period; the second is from 1882 to 189, which he wrote his tales of subtle studies of inter-personal relations; the third is from 1895 to 1900, which he wrote some novels tand tales dealing with childrenhood and adolescence. He won his fame again
3.State Pound’s poetic principles.
1)direct treatment of the thing;
2)to use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation;
3)as regarding rhythm, to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the
sequence of a metronome.
IV. Statement
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0b17414652.html,pare three realist writers: Howells, James and Twain.
They all worked for realism. But they are quite different. On theme, James wrote mostly of the upper reaches of American society, and Howells concerned himself chiefly with middle class life, whereas Mark Twain dealt largely with the lower strata of society. On techniques, Howells wrote in the vein of genteel realism, but Mark Twain’s contribution to the development of realism and to American literature as a whole was partly through his theories of localism in American fiction.
课文内容
Introduction
Brief Outline of American Literature
Chapter I Colonial Period
Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin
Philip Freneau
Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving
James Fenimore Cooper
William Cullen Bryant
Edgar Allan Poe
Nathaniel Hawthorne
第一章
Introduction
Brief Outline of American Literature
Chapter I Colonial Period
Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin
Philip Freneau
Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving
James Fenimore Cooper
William Cullen Bryant
Edgar Allan Poe
Nathaniel Hawthorne
4Why did Puritans come to America?
- to reform the Church of England
- to have an entirely new church
- to escape religious persecution
* God’s chosen people
* To seek a new Garden of Eden
* To build “City of God on earth”
5Influence
- Puritanism can be compared with Chinese Confucianism
- American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.
- American literature is based on a myth, i.e. the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden.
- Simplicity in writing skills
Three major poets in colonial period Three major poets in colonial period
1.Michael Wigglesworth ，Anne Bradstreet ，Edward Taylor
Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672)
1.Anne Bradstreet’s Works
“contemplation”《沉思录》
“The Spirit and the Flesh”《灵与肉》
The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America 《北美洲最近出现的第十个缪斯》
2.Anne Bradstreet’s Life
* She was born and educated in England.
* At the age of 18, she came to America in 1630 with her father and husband.
* She had 8 children.
* She became known as the “Tenth Muse” who appeared in America.
二Michael Wigglesworth (1631-1705)
the most popular poet in American Colonial Period
Work: “The Day of Doom” (1662
三Edward Taylor (1642?-1729)
the finest poet in colonial period
Work: Preparaory Meditation 《自省录》
metaphysical poets/thoughts
四Other writers in colonial period:
Roger williams (1720-1772 Thomas Paine (1737-1809) philip Freneau 91752-1832
Charles Brown (1771-1810
五Features of Colonial Poets and Works
1.They were servants of God.
2.They faithfully imitated and transplanted English literary traditions.
Chapter2Revolutionary Period (1775-1783)
The Age of Reason”“American Enlightenment”
?Splendid thoughts in this period in the world:
Newton's gravity Rousseau in France
Alexander Pope in England Daniel Defoe in England
？？？
?In the 18th century, people believed in man’s own nature and the power of human reason.
With Franklin as its spokesman, the 18th century America experienced an age of reason.
?Words had never been so useful and so important in human history. People wrote a lot of political writings. Numerous pamphlets and printings were published. These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the world.
?The 18th-century American Enlightenment was a movement marked by an emphasis on rationality rather than tradition, scientific inquiry instead of unquestioning religious dogma, and representative government in place of monarchy.
?Enlightenment thinkers and writers were devoted to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality as the natural rights of man.
?The colonists who would form a new nation were firm believers in the power of reason;
they were ambitious, inquisitive, optimistic, practical, politically astute, and self-reliant. Leading writers and their works
?Edwards(1703-1758) The Freedom of the Will; The Nature of True Virtue; The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Definended
?Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826): The Declaration of Independence (1776)
?Thomas Paine(1737-1809): Common Sense (1776)
?Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography
?Philip Freneau: “The Wild Honey Suckle”
Edwards (1703-1758)
His Works: The Freedom of the Will; The Nature of True Virtue; The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Definended
His Thoughts: to reveal the mind of the man;to believe in the regeneration of man;
to hold the belief that God is the Master of the nature and souls.
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
?Woks The Autobiography 自传Poor Richard’s Almanack《穷查理历书》?Life：Benjamin Franklin came from a Calvinist background.
?He was born into a poor candle-maker’s family. He had very little education. He learned in school only for two years, but he was a voracious reader.
?At 12, he was apprenticed to his elder half-brother, a printer.
?At 16, he began to publish essays under the pseudonym “Silence Do good” .
?At 17, he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune.
?He set himself up as an independent printer and publisher. In 1727 he founded the Junto club
?Franklin’s Contributions to Society
?He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital.
?He founded an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania.
?And he helped found the American Philosophical Society.
?Franklin’s Contributions to Sci ence He was also remembered for volunteer fire departments, effective street lighting, the Franklin stove, bifocal glasses and efficient heating devices.
?And for his lightning-rod, he was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire from heaven.”
?Frankl in’s Contributions to the U.S.
?He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States: ?The Declaration of Independence,
?The Treaty of Alliance with France,
?The Treaty of Peace with England,
?The Constitution
?Evaluation
?The Autobiography is a record of self-examination and self-improvement.
?Benjamin Franklin was a spokesman for the new order of the 18th century enlightenment ?The Autobiography is a how-to-do-it book, a book on the art of self-improvement. (for example, Franklin’s 13 virtues)
?Through telling a success story of self-reliance, the book celebrates, in fact, the fulfillment of the American dream.
?The Autobiography is in the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision
?
?Crevecoeur (克里夫古尔）(1752-1832
?the new man of American
?Pioneer of the comments on literature works
?his works: Letters from American Farmer (1775
?Philip Freneau
?“Poet of the American Revolution”“Father of American Poetry”
?“Pioneer of the New Romanticism”“A gifted and versatile lyric poet”
?Life He was born in New Y ork. At 16, he entered the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). While still an undergraduate, he wrote in collaboration with one of his friends (H. H. Brackenridge) a poem entitled “The Rising Glory of America。。。。。。?评价He was the most significant poet of 18th century America. Some of his themes and images antic ipated the works of such 19th century American Romantic writers as Cooper, Emerson, Poe and Melville.
?Aspects of Freneau
?Poet of American Independence: Freneau provides incentive and inspiration to the revolution by writing such poems as "The Rising Glory of America" and "Pictures of Columbus."
?Journalist: Freneau was editor and contributor of The Freeman's Journal (Philadelphia) from 1781-1784. In his writings, he advocated the essence of what is known as Jeffersonian democracy - decentralization of government, equality for the masses, etc. ?Freneau's Religion: Freneau is described as a deist - a believer in nature and humanity but not a pantheist. In deism, religion becomes an attitude of intellectual belief, not a matter of emotional of spiritual ecstasy. Freneau shows interest and sympathy for the humble and the oppressed.
?Freneau as Father of American Poetry: His major themes are death, nature, transition, and the human in nature. All of these themes become important in 19th century writing. His famous poems are "The Wild Honey-Suckle" (1786), "The Indian Burying Ground"
(1787), "The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi" (1784), "The Millennium" (1797), "On a Honey Bee" (1809), "To a Caty-Did" (1815), "On the Universality and Other Attributes of the God of Nature," "On the Uniformity and Perfection of Nature," and "On the Religion of Nature" (the last three written in 1815).
?
Ⅰ. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.________is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A.Productivity B. Stability C. Collocability D. All national character 2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except __________. A. slang B. Anglo-Saxon words C. argots D. neologisms 3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into ______. A. content words and functional words B. native words and borrowed words C. basic words and dialectal words D. Loan words and dialectal words 4. Borrowing can be divided into __________. A. aliens, semantic loans, translation loans, denizens B. empty words, notional words, form words, content words C. blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initialisms D. derivatives, compounds, converted words 5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely ________. A. productivity and stability B. neutrality in style and high frequency in use C. collocability and polysemy D. formality and arbitrariness 6. The word beaver (meaning “girl”) is ________. A. a dialectal word B. argot C. an archaism D. slang 7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is _________. A. jargon B. an archaism C. a neologism D. slang 8. Form words include the following word classes except ________. A. conjunctions B. auxiliaries C. prepositions D. adjectives 9. V ocabulary can refer to the following except _________. A. the total number of the words in a language B. all the words used in a particular historical period C. all the words of a given dialect D. most words a person knows 10. Kimono is a loan word from _________. A. German B. French C. Spanish D. Japanese 11. ________form the mainstream of the basic word stock. A. Anglo-Saxon words B. French words C. Danish words D. Latin words 12. Black humor is ________. A. a translation loan B. a semantic loan C. a denizen D. a alien 13. Pronouns and numerals are semantically ________ and have limited ________.
英语数词的用法及专项练习 数词是表示数量多少或顺序先后的词.分为基数词和序数词. （一）基数词 1. 表示数量多少的词是基数词，如：one, two, three等. 2. 数词的构成 1）从1－12分别由从one到twelve，12个各不相同的词表示. one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 2）从13－19均以后缀-teen结尾. thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 3）从20－90的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾.表示“几十几”时，个位和十位之间需加连字符. twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 21 twenty-one 32 thirty-two 43 forty-three 4）整百数由1—9加hundred构成. 100 one (a) hundred 500 five hundred 5) 整百数和整十数之间由and连接，十位与个位之间要加连字符“- ”.如果十位数为零，那就在百位和个位之间用and连接. 101 one hundred and two 245 two hundred and forty- five 6）千 thousand 百万 million 十亿 billion Exercise: 写出下列数字 12 14 20 40 90 19 400 600 35 78
牛津上海版（一起）2019-2019学年小学英语六年级上册Module 1 Family and friends Unit 1 Family and relatives Exercise 1 一、翻译下列词组 1.翻译下列词组。 ①家人与朋友________ ②家谱________ ③叔叔与阿姨________ ④我的爷爷和奶奶________ 2.翻译下列词组。 ①他们的女儿________ ②生日快乐________ ③生日卡片________ ④亲爱的妹妹________ 二、根据所给音标，完成句子。 3.My uncle is a policeman. He is ________／t??l／. 4.I often play badminton with my ________／ɑ?nt／in the afternoon. 5.I sometimes go skating with my little ________／'br?e?／. 6.What do you want for your ________／'b??θde?/. 7.Their father is a teacher. He is a ________／g?d／teacher. 8.My grandfather is old, but he is still very ________/'h?p?/all day. 三、选择正确答案填空
9.My father's mother is my ________. A. uncle B. aunt C. grandfather D. gr andmother 10.There are five ________ in my family. A. member B. members C. the members D. the member 11.Every family has a family ________. A. relatives B. names C. trees D. tree 12.My uncle's son is my ________. A. brother B. sister C. cousin D. nephew 13.Tim and May are brother and ________. A. sister B. cousin C. brother D. uncle 14.My uncles and aunts are my ________. A. family B. parents C. relatives D. members 四、根据要求改写句子 15.This is my family tree. (改为一般疑问句) 16.My name is Alice. (对划线部分提问) 17.She is my grandmother. (用grandfather代替划线部分) 18.My mother is a doctor. (对划线部分提问)
动名词（Gerund） 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ ing 构成，否定形式为not doing， 兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。 二、动名词相当于名词，在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语 1、作主语 动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如： Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16 个小时。 Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。 注意：动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is …" 和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如： It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。 It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It's no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no denying that she is very efficient. 她效率高是不容否认的。 2 、作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 walking stick 手杖opening speech 开幕词waiting room 候车室reading material 阅读材料floating needle 浮针listening aid 助听器working people 劳动人民 3 、作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。 Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。
语料库语言学的发展 语料库顾名思义就是放语言材料的仓库。现在人们谈起语料库,不言而喻是指存放在计算机里的原始文本或经过加工后带有语言学信息标注的语料文本。现在世界上已经有了不少规模较大的语料库,有些是国家级的,有些由大学和词典出版商联合建设。另外,由于个人微机的迅猛发展和存贮数据的硬盘造价持续下降,研究者个人也开始建立适合于自己研究的小型语料库。 语料库语言学(英文corpus linguistics)这个术语有两层主要含义。一是利用语料库对语言的某个方面进行研究,即“语料库语言学”不是一个新学科的名称,而仅仅反映了一个新的研究手段。二是依据语料库所反映出来的语言事实对现行语言学理论进行批判,提出新的观点或理论。只有在这个意义上“语料库语言学”才是一个新学科的名称。从现有文献来看,属于后一类的研究还是极个别的。所以,严格地说,现在不能把语料库语言学跟语言学的分支, 如社会语言学、心理语言学、语用学等相提并论。 近年来,随着我国经济的发展,科研经费的增加,汉语语料库的建设得到了开展。1999 年我院把建立汉语语料库列为院重大课题。目前语言所正在构建三个大规模的语料库: 现场即席话语语料库,主要方言口语库和现代汉语文本语料库。在世界范围内,我国的语料库建设在规模上还赶不上欧洲的一些发达国家,特别是英国。然而,在语料库语言学的研究上,以及语料库的实际运用上,我国已经进入世界前沿的行列。 20 世纪语言研究的总特点可以用四个字概括──高度抽象。最近几十年来,语言研究的高度抽象倾向已经失去主导地位。这主要缘于两个方面的因素: 一是计算机技术,特别是基于计算机处理的多媒体技术的飞速发展；二是社会语言学、语用学、会话分析、人类语言学、计算语言学、人机对话研究、语音识别与合成等研究取得令人瞩目的成就。先前难以抓住并进行有效处理的五花八门的实际语料,现在可以对其进行大规模地的、自动的或人机配合的处理。比如个人发音特征,先前认为这跟语言学毫无关系,现在成了侦破语音学的重要内容。侦破语音学家首先建立个人发音特征语料库,这个语料库可以用来鉴别嫌疑犯。概言之,当今的语言研究由先前的高度抽象逐步走向最具体的语言的实际活动,其中
实用文档 Exercise 1 I ．Listen and choose.（听录音选择。） 1. 2. 3. 4. II ．Listen and number.（听录音标号。） III ．Read and choose.（看图选择。） ( A (7) (2) (4) (5) (3) (8) ( A ( B ) ( A (6) (1)
实用文档 Exercise 2 I ．Listen and draw.（听录音，对的画笑脸，错的画哭脸。） 1. 2. 3. 4. II ．Listen and circle.（听录音，圈单词。） 1. Touch your foot. 2. Show me your crayon. ear ruler B A D C
实用文档 3. Wave your arms. . 4. This is my nose. hands finger III ．Read and choose.（看图标号。） 1. mouth 2. eye 3. hand 4. finger 5. foot 6. leg 7. arm 8. Body Exercise 1听力材料 I. Listen and choose.（听录音选择。） 1. Eye, eye, this is my eye. 2. Head, head, this is my head. 1 2 4 7 8 3 6 5
3. Leg, leg, this is my leg. 4. Body, body, this is my body. II. Listen and number.（听音标号。） 1．G: Goodbye, mom. W: See you! 2. G1: Hello, Chen Jie! G2: Hi, Sarah! 3. G1: Let’s go to school. G2: OK. 4. Gs&Bs: Good morning, Miss White. W: Good morning! 5. G1: This is Mike. And this is Chen Jie. G2: Nice to meet you. B: Nice to meet you, too. 6. G: Good afternoon, Mr. Black. M: Good afternoon, Sarah! 7. G1: Let’s play. G2&B: Great! 8. Gs&Bs: Goodbye, Miss White. W: Goodbye, children. Exercise 2 听力材料 I. Listen and draw.（听录音，对的画笑脸，错的画哭脸。） 1. Touch your face. 2. Shake your body. 实用文档
exercise的过去式和用法例句 exercise做动词有锻炼;运用等意思，那么你知道exercise的过去式是什么吗?下面小编为大家带来的exercise的过去式和用法例句，供大家参考学习! exercise的过去式和其他时态过去式: exercised 过去分词: exercised 现在分词:exercising exercise的用法exercise的用法1：exercise的基本含义是反复地进行某一动作或一系列动作,以发展和加强某种能力,尤指为了身体健康或精力充沛而进行的活动。引申可表示运用行使或实行执行等。 exercise的用法2：exercise可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语。 exercise的用法3：exercise作练习解时,其后常接反身代词+in+ n./v -ing,其主语既是动作的执行者,又是动作的承受者。 exercise相关词汇辨析drill，exercise，practice，training，discipline 这些名词都有练习、训练、锻炼之意。 drill 侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习。 exercise 主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，也可指进行练习以
保持已经获得的技巧。 practice 指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。 training 普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。 discipline 既可指训练又可指为达到某种熟练程度而进行的约束。 exercise的过去式例句 1. Extreme caution should be exercised when buying part-worn tyres. 购买部分磨损轮胎时要格外当心。 2. The horses were exercised and groomed with special care. 这些马接受专门训练，鬃毛也得到精心梳理。 3. She exercised all her self-restraint and kept quiet. 她好不容易才忍住没说话。 4. Your behaviours exercised a malign influence on the children. 你的行为对孩子们产生了不良的影响. 5. The recruits are exercised every day in the art of self - defence . 新兵每天训练自卫技能. 6. Due caution should be exercised in discriminating between the two.
语料库语言学综述 作者：刘美良 作者单位：柳州铁道职业技术学院,广西,柳州,545001 刊名： 科技信息 英文刊名：SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 年，卷(期)：2010，""(21) 被引用次数：0次 参考文献(19条) 1.Chomsky,N Syntactic Structure 1957 2.Sinclair.John Corpus.Concordance Collocation 3.Susan Hunstom Corpora in Applied Linguistics 2006 4.Aijmer,K.Altenberg,B English Corpus Linguistics:Studies in Honour of Jan Svartvik 1991 5.杨惠中语料库语言学导论 2002 6.何安平语料库在外语教育中的应用--理论与实践 2004 7.何安平谈语料岸研究 1997(5) 8.丁信善语料库语言学的发展及研究现状 1998(1) 9.李文中2003上海语科库语言学国际会议述评 2004(1) 10.粱旭红语料库语言学研究综述 2001(1) 11.粱燕近十年我国语料库实证研究综述 2004(6) 12.刘满堂近40年英语语料库及语料库语言学研究的回顾与出展望 2004(1) 13.潘永本梁语料库语言学的目的和方法 2001(3) 14.王建新语料库语言学发展史上的几个重要阶段 1998(4) 15.许家金语料库语言学的理论解析 2003(6) 16.卫乃兴专业性搭配初探--语料库语言学方法 2001(4) 17.卫乃兴语料库语言学的弗斯学说基础 2008(3) 18.甄风超.张霞语料库语言学发展趋势瞻望--2003语料库语言学国际会议综述 2004(4) 19.吴菲国内外英语语料库的建设和发展述评 2007(6) 相似文献(4条) 1.期刊论文王虹.岳俊发.Wang Hong.Yue Jun Fa书面言语鉴定技术的发展历程-中国公共安全（学术版）2005,""(3) 书面言语鉴定技术产生于20世纪80年代中期.随着电子打印技术的普及,涉案的不留笔迹的打印文件显著增加,书面言语鉴定技术倍受关注.近年来,运用统计语言学、语料库语言学和计算机词频检索与统计等新技术获得了新的研究成果并应用于鉴定实践.书面言语鉴定技术已经发展成为文件检验学的一个新的分支,必将在司法鉴定领域发挥更大的功效. 2.期刊论文孙丰果话语分析整合研究-聊城大学学报（社会科学版）2010,""(2) 近60年来.话语分析经历了从无到有,从小到大的发展历程.话语分析要取得长足发展,需要有一个明确的概念,需要人们对其以前的发展情况进行总结和评述.对话语分析研究的评述不妨从系统功能语言学、认知语言学、语料库语言学等多角度进行.今后,话语分析研究可以从话语分析的哲学转向、心理学转向及整合批评话语分析和积极话语分析等方面展开. 3.期刊论文杨连瑞.Yang Lianrui第二语言习得研究的学科定位和进展-外语与外语教学2005,""(5) 第二语言习得是一种复杂的人文现象.作为一门新兴的交叉学科,第二语言习得研究在发展中应重视其学科性质的科学定位和学科体系的科学建构.本文在对第二语言习得研究的学科定位、学科性质和研究对象进行讨论后,回顾和评述了国外第二语言习得研究从对比分析、错误分析、中介语理论、普遍语法研究、语言类型学研究到语料库语言学研究的发展历程和研究问题,分析了目前我国开展这一学科研究的现状,并结合我国外语教学实际对目前开展这一学科的研究提出建设性意见. 4.学位论文魏琳中国英译旅游宣传材料的语料库分析2006 旅游业在全球范围内的迅猛发展使不同文化背景的人们进行文化交流变成了一种需要。在我国，旅游英语特别是网上的旅游英译材料是外国游客接触和了解我国的媒介。因此，旅游材料的翻译质量举足轻重。而目前旅游文本的翻译研究在中国还是一个比较新的话题，近年来主要是结合最新语言学
2011级软件专业“数据结构”课程第一章作业（最好用英文答题）： 1.What are data, data element, atomic element, data type, atomic data type, structure data, abstract data type (ADT), virtual data type, intrinsic data type, algorithm, software? What are their differences and relations? 2. 2. Analyze the time complexity of the following segments. 1）void odd (int n) { int i, j, x=0, y=0; for (i=1; i<=n; i++) if odd (i) { for (j=i; j<=n; j++) x++; for (j=1; j<=i; j++) y++; } } 2）void recursive (int n) { if (n<=1) return 1; else return (recursive(n–1)+recursive(n–1)); } 3. Compare the following four kinds of binary search program, which is correct? Which is more efficient? Assume the following variables and constants n>0. Program A: void binsearchA (int a[n], int x, int &k) { int i=0, j=n–1; while (i<=j) { k= (i+j)/2; if (a[k]==x) return; if (x>a[k]) i=k+1; else j=k–1; } } Program B: void binsearchB (int a[n], int x, int &k) { int i=0, j=n–1; while (i
英语中it的用法及练习 一、概述 在英语中，it的使用相当广泛，它既可用作代词，如人称代词（personal it）、指示代词（demonstrative it）及非人称代词（impersonal it）, 也可用作引导词（anticipatory it）和强调结构中的强调词（emphatic it） Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.有人在按门铃。去看看是谁。（人称代词）What’s this?这是什么？ It’s a book.这是一本书。（指示代词） What a long way it is from Beijing to London! 从北京到伦敦真远。（非人称代词） It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer.春天是植树的最佳时节，因为天气更暖和。（作引导词） It was I who met him in the park last week. 是我上星期在公园遇到他的。（强调结构中的强调词） 二、it作代词 1、用作人称代词（personal it） 代替前文提到过的事物，it作真实主语或宾语。 The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It is a cold-blooded one.青蛙不是温血动物，它是冷血动物。 My pen is missing. I can't find it anywhere. 我的笔丢了，我哪儿也找不到它了。 I won't be back tonight. Please tell my wife about it .我今晚不回来了，请你向我妻子说一声。 I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better. 我对这部电影很失望，我曾盼望它更好。 Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help.汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力，但这没起作用。 2、用作指示代词（demonstrative it） 相当于this或that，it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。 -Who is knocking at the door? —谁在敲门？ -It's me. —是我。 I had a talk with the student. It was very helpful to her. 我和那个学生谈了次话，对她非常有帮助。 It happened during my stay in the United States. 事情发生在我在美国的时候。 -Whose exercise book is that? —谁的作业本？ -It's his . —是他的。 3、用作非人称代词（impersonal it） 代词it可用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。可指时间、距离、度量、价值、自然现象（天气、气体、阴暗等）。 -What's the time? —“几点了？” -It's half past ten. —“十点半”（指时间） It is late autumn now. 现在是深秋。（指时间） It is rather cold today, isn't it?今天很冷，是不是？（指天气） -How far is it from here to the station? —从这儿到车站有多远？ -It's about two kilometers. -大约两公里。（指距离） It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。（指自然现象） -What's the cost of the dictionary? 那本词典多少钱？
Exercise 1 1. An electric power distributor charges residential customers $0.10 per kilowatt-hour (kWh). The company advertises that “green power” is available in 150kWh blocks for an additional $4 per month. (Green power is generated from solar, wind power, and methane sources.) a.If a certain customer uses an average of 400 kWh per month and commits to one monthly 150 kWh block of green power, what is her annual power bill? b.What is the average cost per kWh with green power during the year> c.Why does green power cost more than conventional power? 2. Six years ago, an 80-kW diesel electric set cost $160,000. The cost index for this class of equipment six years ago was 187 and now is 194. The cost-capacity factor is 0.6. a.The plant engineering staff is considering a 120-kW unit of the same general design to power a small isolated plant. Assume we want to add a precompressor, which (when isolated and estimate separately) currently costs $18,000. Determine the total cost of the 120-kW unit. b.Estimate the cost of a 40-kW unit of the same general design. Include the cost of the $18,000 precompressor. 3. The structural engineering design section within the engineering department of a regional electrical designs for a group of similar transmission line towers. The detailed design of each tower is based on one of the standard designs. A transmission line project involving 50 towers has been approved. The estimated number of engineering hours needed to accomplish the first detailed tower design is 126. Assuming a 95% learning curve, a.What is your estimate of the number if engineering hours needed to design the eighth tower and to design the last tower in the project? b.What is your estimate of the cumulative average hours required for the first five designs? 4. You have been asked to estimate the cost of 100 prefabricated structures to be sold to a local school district. Each structure provides 1,000 square feet of floor space, with 8-feet ceilings. In 1999, you produced 70 similar structures consisting of the same materials and having the same ceiling height, but each provided only 800 square feet of floor space. The material cost for each structure as $25,000 in 1999, and cost capacity factor is 0.6 5. The cost index values for 1999 and 2006 are 200 and 289, respectively. The estimated manufacturing cost for the first 1,000-square-foot structure is $12,000. Assume a learning curve of 88% and use the cost of 50th structure as your standard time for estimating manufacturing cost. Estimate the total material cost and the total manufacturing cost for the prefabricated structures. 5. Consider the following loan information and repayment table: Loan principal=$10,000 Interest rate=8% per year Duration of loan=3 years Annual payment=$3,880
语料库语言学简史 语料库语言学及语料库方法的作用在今天已不容忽视，但是语料库语言学的发展却经历了一段长期曲折的过程。以1957年Chomsky《句法结构》的发表为界，此前的语料库研究被语言学界广泛称为“早期的语料库语言学”；从上世纪50年代至80年代语料库语言学进入低谷；从80年代开始，语料库语言学迎来了它的“复苏期”。 1 早期的语料库语言学 利用真实语言资料进行研究，是词汇学家和语法学家的优良传统。早在1747年英语词典编纂的鼻祖Samuel Johnson就发表了Plan of an English Dictionary，将前人收集资料的最好方法作了总结，他所编的英语词典含15万条以上的引证说明，可见其所收集的资料库已相当可观。Oxford English Dictionary于1928年完成，所用的引证达400多万条，卡片1100多万张，还专门出版了中古英语手稿与文章350册，供编写OED时参考。Webster’s New International Dictionary第二版的编写参照了100多万条引证，第三版于1961年付印时，新旧引证共达1000多万条。英语语法大师Jesperson在编写《英语语法大全》（1909-1949）时，所使用的卡片数目多达30至40万张。（王建新，1998：52） 20世纪40年代，美国的语言学家Boas在研究美洲印第安语言时就使用了语料库的方法（corpus-based methodology），后来的结构主义语言学家更是如此。只不过当时还没有出现一个专门叫“语料库语言学”的词汇而已。下面是早期语料库语言学的一些主要研究领域： 1．1 语言习得研究 19世纪70年代，语言学家就系统地对幼儿语言习得进行了研究。这些研究都基于父母对幼儿话语及时记录的日记材料。即使在现代，基于原始语料的语言习得研究也没有停止（Ingram，1978）。 在以日记材料为语料的研究风行过后（通常认为从1876年至1926年），语言习得的研究主要表现为下面两种方式：（1）以大量的、不同年龄段的儿童为语言素材的来源（informant），进行语言发展和成熟的研究；（2）以少量的儿童为语言素材的来源，长期跟踪记录他们使用的语言而进行的历时研究（McEnery，Wilson，2001：3）。 1．2 拼写规范研究 德国语言学家Kading以德语大型语料（1100万词次）为基础，对德语各字母在文本中的出现频率以及字母串进行了研究。 1．3 语言教学研究 20世纪20年代，由于大量移民涌向北美，以及各英属殖民地对英语教学的需要，有好几项工程都把寻找英语语言中最常用的词汇作为了主要的研究目标（Fries 和Traver，1940；Bongers，1947）。1921年，Thorndike借助于语料库发布了英语词汇的使用频率研究报告。此项研究对后来美国以及世界其他地区的英语教学都产生了巨大的影响。1944年，Thorndike进一步完善了他的早期研究，发表了“教师3万词汇手册”（The Teacher’s Wordbook of 30，000 words）。此时，Thorndike 研究所依据的语料库已达到1800万词次。 出于教学目的而对英语词汇进行基于语料库研究最著名的例子是Michael West的“实用英语词汇表”（General Service List of English Words）。此项成果发表于1953年，它对当时英语书面语中最常用的2，000个词汇进行了具体的描述，
Exercise 1 V. Choose the best answer. (本大题答案必须用2B铅笔填涂。) （共26分） 31.We had eight-day holiday in October last year. A) a B) an C) the D) / 32. The 5th East Asian Games were held _______ December, 2009. A) in B) on C) of D) at 33. Mrs Green asked the kids to help _____ to the food and drinks. A) they B) them C) themselves D) their 34. Neither of the scarves fits you. You’d better try on _____ one. A) other B) the other C) another D) others 35. The artist became well known _____ . A) in his thirties B) of thirty C) about thirty D) the thirtieth 36. James usually goes to work his bike. A) by B) on C) in D) with 37. He was so unlucky yesterday that everything seemed to ______ . A) go wrong B) go on C) go over D) go up 38.There is still ______ time left. You don’t need to hurry. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little 39. Stories with dramatic endings are much ______ . A) interested B) more interested C) interesting D) more interesting 40. ______ we to do the survey right now? Can we do it later? A) Need B) Ought C) Must D) Should 41. As a writer, Ann travels ______ to look for all kinds of facts that can give her more ideas for her books. A) closely B) excitedly C) widely D) accurately 42. I want _____ coffee _____ tea at the moment. I’d prefer a cup of iced juice. A) not only…but also B) both…and C) neither…nor D) either…or 43. Peter’s French sounds ______ enough to communicate with the local people. A) well B) good C) better D) wonderfully 44. Please don’t take the books out of the reading room _____ you are allowed to. A) when B) after C) if D) unless 45. His English improved after he stayed with the British family for 3 months. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part? A) became larger B) became better C) became easier D) became different 46. Many people are not satisfied with the service of the restaurants at the Spring Festival. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part? A) pleased with B) angry with C) responsible for D) fond of