第五章非谓语动词
【非谓语动词作状语】
一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则
不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语.
二.不定式作状语
1.不定式作目的状语
不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中.
Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her.
Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it.
2.不定式作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等.
I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down.
Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.
I'm too tired to stay up longer.
备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等.
I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.
3.不定式作原因状语
形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等.
You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.
4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等.
This question is easy to answer.
This book is difficult to understand.
三.分词作状语
1.分词作状语时其形式的选择
2.分词作状语的句法功能
分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果，条件,让步，行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与
while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用.
When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间)
Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other
country in the world.(原因)
Generally speaking,if taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(条件)
He glanced at her,nothing that though she was tiny,she seemed very well.(结果)
Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步)
The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随)
四.独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分.常见的有:generally
speaking一般来说;frankly speaking坦白地说;judging from/by...根据....来判断;considering.../taking....into consideration考虑到.....;to tell you the truth说实话;compared to/with与....相比.
Judging from his accent,he is from Hong Kong.
Considering your health,you'd better have a rest.
To tell you the truth,I am a little tired.
五.独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致.但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构.
独立主格结构的特点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.
②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动
或被动关系.
③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开.
独立主格结构的构成:①名词/代词+分词②名词/代词+不定式③with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.
The president assassinated(=Because the president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.
I stood before her with my heart beating fast.
【练一练】
①Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only (find)it didn't fit.
②Clearly and thoughtfully (write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own
answers.
③Group activities will be organized after class (help)children develop team spirit.
④(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those
of her age.
⑤The lecture (give),a lively question-and-answer session followed.
【非谓语动词作定语】
一.不定式作定语
1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点,工具等,不定式
后面需有相应的介词.
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
He had no place to live.
2.用不定式作定语的几种情况:
①不定式表将来
The car to be bought is for his sister.
②用来修饰被序数词,最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系.
He was the best man to do the job.
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
③有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有:promise,plan,attempt,offer,decision,refusal,failure,ability,chance,warning,anxiety,eagerness,willingness,readiness等.
I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.
He said he had no plans to go there.
He made an attempt to stand up.
二.分词作定语
1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为:v-ing,being+过去分词和过去分词.当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主
动关系时,用v-ing;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被
修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词.
The houses being built are for the teachers.(被动,正在进行)
2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:v-ing和过去分词.v-ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成.
boiling water沸腾的水(表示正在进行)
boiled water白开水(表完成)
falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves已经落下的叶子(表完成)
developing countries发展中国家(表正在进行)
developed countries发达国家(表完成)
三.to be done,done和being done作定语的区别
to be done表被动,将来;done表被动,完成;being done表被动,正在进行.
Have you read the novel written by Dickens? (表被动,完成)
Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.(表被动,正在进行)
The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.(表被动,将来)
【练一练】
①There are still many problems (solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
②Prices of daily goods (buy)through a computer can be lower than store prices.
③The flowers (smell)sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
【非谓语动词作宾语,补语,主语,表语】
一.非谓语动词(不定式,动名词)作宾语
1.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装.
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮.
decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;
offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语.
2.下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想.
避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏.
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡.
consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;
admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;
deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can't help(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape.
He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.
此外,be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,can't stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,be busy,have difficulty(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time (in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语.
3.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意.
to do sth.忘记要做某事
forget
doing sth.忘记已经做过某事
to do sth.记着要做某事
remember
doing sth.记得曾经做过某事
to do sth.努力做某事
regret
doing sth.后悔做过某事
to do sth.努力做某事
try
doing sth.试着做某事
to do sth.打算做某事
mean
doing sth.意味着做某事
4.在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit,consider后直接跟动名词作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则
用动词不定式作宾语补足语
sb.to do sth.
allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider
doing sth.
Smoking is forbidden here so we don't allow you to smoke.
We don't allow smoking in the wall.
5.动词need,require,want作"需要",deserve作"应受,应得"解时,其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不
定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义.be worth后用动名词的主动形式(doing)表示被动意义, 而worthy则需用被动形式.此外,need,require,want后可以接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语,表示"需要/要求/想要某人做某事".
to be done
(需要)
need/require/want doing
sb.to do sth.(需要/要求/想要)
名词
deserve doing
to be done
名词
be worth doing
to be done
be worthy
名词(表钱数或表价格的名词除外)
of
being done
to be cleaned
The window needs/requires/wants
cleaning
worth visiting
to be visited
This place is worthy
a visit
of
being visited
considering
These proposals deserve
to be considered
6.不定式作动词(词组)tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find out等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等,但why后加不带to的不定式.
备注:此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用宾语从句.
He showed us how to do the work.(=He showed us how we should do the work)
I don't know what to do.(=I don't know what I should do.)
We must decide whether to stay or go.(=We must decide whether we'll stay or go)
Can you tell me why do it?
①The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without (recognize).
②One learns a language by making mistakes and (correct)them.
③In some parts of London,missing a bus means (wait)for another hour.
二.非谓语动词作补语
1.后接不定式作补语的动词及动词词组
advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,tea ch,tell,want,warn,wish,wait for,call on,depend on等.
You are not allowed to smoke here.
The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
注意:think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find,imagine,prove,appoint,judge等后常用"to be..."作宾补/主补
People considered him to be a great leader.
They found the answer to be quite satisfactory.
Chinese food is considered to be the healthiest in the world.
He imagines himself to be an able man.
2.非谓语动词作感官动词(词组),使役动词的宾补listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以see为例:
doing sth.看见....正做....
(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)
do sth.看见...做了....
see+宾语+ being done看见....正在做
(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)
done看见....被做
I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动,完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动,正在进行)
I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被动,正在进行) I'd like to see the plan carried out.(被动,没有一定的时间性)
2.使役动词make,let,have,get后接复合宾语的情况.
do让...做....（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系）
①make+宾语+
done让...被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.
He tried to make himself understood.
do让.....做.....(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)
②let+宾语+
be done让....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)
Don't let your child play with matches.
Let the work be done immediately.
do sth.让...做某事
doing sth.使....持续做某事(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)
③have+宾语+
done使....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)
备注:⑴.have sth. done还表示"使....遭受..."之意
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
⑵have sb. doing常用于否定句中,其中have有"允许,容忍"之意.
I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.
⑶have还可用于have sth. to do结构,该结构中have作"有"讲,不定式作定语.
I have something urgent to inform you.
to do sth.使....做
doing sth.使...做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系)
⑷.get+宾语+
done使....被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)
He got me to post the letter for him.
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
3.下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to;它们是"吾看三室两厅一感觉"-5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel) Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
(三)动词leave,keep,find,catch及介词with后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况:
sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/物一直处于某种状态(宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系,表
示动作正在进行)
sth. undone留下某事未做(宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系,表示被动和完成,一般
以undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多)
1.leave
sb. To do sth.让某人去做某事
（不定式表示将来的动作）
sth. To be done.留下某事要做
It's wrong to leave the machine running.(主动,正在进行)
The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didn't taste delicious.(被动,完成)
He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.(主动,将来)
We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.(被动,将来)
sb./sth. doing使某人/物一直做某事
2.keep
sb./sth. done使某人/物被......(表示被动且完成,或表示状态)
Keep the engine running.
You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.
sb. doing发现某人正在做某事
3.find sb/sth. done发现某人/物.....(表完成或状态)
sb./sth.(to be)...发现某人/物....
We found him(to be)dishonest.
Often I found her quietly weeping alone.
I found him buried in a novel.
4.catch sb. doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事
I caught John reading my private letters.
绝密★启封前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I） 英语 注意事项： 1.答题前，先将自己的、号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定 位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。 2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写 在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答 题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到 答题卡上。 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A,B,C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例： How much is the shirt? A.￡ 19.15 B.￡ 9.18 C.￡ 9.15 答案是 C。 1.What are the speakers talking about? A. Having a birthday party. B. Doing some exercise. C. Getting Lydia a gift 2.What is the woman going to do? A. Help the man. B. Take a bus. C. Get a camera 3.What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Tell Kate to stop. B. Call Kate, s friends. C. Stay away from Kate.
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1） 英语 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡ 9.18. C. ￡ 9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman? A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave? A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30 4. How does the woman go to work? A. By car B. On foot C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分。满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题 6. What does the woman regret? A. Giving up her research. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major. 7. What is the woman interested in studying now? A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the mam? A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver. 9. What is the man doing for the woman? A. Looking for some local foods. B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant. 11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening? A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours.
绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 （考试时间： 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt？ A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15. 1.What does John find difficult in learning German？ A.Pronunciation. B.Vocabulary. C.Grammar. 2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ A.Colleagues. B.Brother and sister. C.Teacher and student. 3.Where does the conversation probably take place？ A. In a bank. B. At a ticket office. C. On a train. 4. What are the speakers talking about？ A.A restaurant. B.A street. C.A dish. 5.What does the woman think of her interview？ A.It was tough. B.It was interesting. C.It was successful.
〖解密〗2018年高考英语全国II卷真题解析 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents / carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are
21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT. 22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks. C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields. 23. How long does Potty about Potter last? A. Two days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. One week. 1. 基督教堂学院（Christchurch）是牛津大学最大学院。基督教堂学院享有不称为College 的特权，在牛津它通常被称为“The House”。基督教堂学院与英国政治渊源很深，曾在 内战时作为查理一世的临时首都，在近200年内产生了16位英国首相。这里也是电影《哈 利﹒波特》的重要取景地。 2. 查韦尔河（River Cherwell）是泰晤士河（River Thames）位于英格兰中部的主要支流， 全长40英里，流经牛津大学城，最终在牛津西南方汇入泰晤士河。
2020全国卷I完型解析 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。 41．C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief安慰； B. target目标；C. reason原因；D. case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。 42．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认；B. believe相信；C. mean意味着；D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。 43．B 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually逐步地；B. constantly 不断地；C temporarily临时地；D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。 44．D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method方法；D. truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。故选D。 45．A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们，所以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。 46．D 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾；B. approving赞成；C. receiving收到；D. attempting尝试。根据millions of requests to open the door 可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。 47．C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up开始了解真相；D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。 48．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream梦想；B. lie谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选B。 49．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents父母；B. twins双胞胎；C. colleagues同事；D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。 50．D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. restrictions限制；B. explanations 解释；C. differences差异；D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。 51．B
英语试卷 第1页（共22页） 英语试卷 第2页（共22页） 绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英 语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt ？ A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C . 1. What will James do tomorrow ？ A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman ？ A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave ？ A. At 6：30. B. At 8：30. C. At 10：30. 4. How does the woman go to work ？ A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers ？ A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman regret ？ A. Giving up her research. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major. 7. What is the woman interested in studying now ？ A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the man ？ A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver. 9. What is the man doing for the woman ？ A. Looking for some local foods. B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where does the conversation probably take place ？ A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant. 11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening ？ A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours. 12. Who is Alice going to call ？ A. Mike. B. Joan. C. Catherine. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Why does the woman meet the man ？ A. To look at an apartment. B. To deliver some furniture. C. To have a meal together. ------------在 --------------------- 此--------------------- 卷--------------------- 上--------------------- 答--------------------- 题--------------------- 无-------------------- 效------------ ---- 姓名________________ 准考证号_____________
2018 年高考英语全国I 卷真题 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40 分) 第一节(共15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the treesand the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability–and the cherry blossoms–disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights.
2018年高考英语（全国一卷）真题及解析 第一部分听力略（满分30分） 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability-and cherry blossoms-disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each shop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capital Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All rider are equipped with reflective vests and safer lights. 【篇章解析】 A篇为应用文，难度较低，题目均为细节理解题，通过关键词定位可得出答案。 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry blossom bike tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I） 英语 第一部分听力（略） 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Washington.D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington.D.C Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability - and the cherry blossoms - disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington.D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hour
2018高考英语全国卷试题及分析 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A.￡ B.￡ C.￡ 答案是C。 1. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give talk. C. White are port. 2. What can we say about the woman? A. She's generous. B. She's curious C. She's helpful. does the train leave? 6:00 8:30 10:30 does the wornon go work? Car. foot. bike. is the probable relationship between the speakers? . and student. and patient. 第二节(共15小题：每题分，满分分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。 6.What does the woman regret? up her research. out of college. her major. is the woman interested in studying now? . 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 is the man? hotel manager. tour guide. taxi driver. is the man doing for the woman? for some local foods. her around the seaside. information about a hotel. 听第8段材料，回答10至12题。 does the conversation probably take place? an office. home a restaurant. will the speakers do tomorrow evening? to a concert. a friend. extra hours. is Alice going to call? 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 does the woman meet the man? look at an apartment.
高考英语阅读理解真题（2018—19 全国卷3B篇）详解 2018 Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000. Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains are sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the
2018年高考英语全国I卷真题解析 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
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天津省2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语答案解析 第一部分：英语知识运用 第一节：单项填空 I.【答案】B 【解析】句意：——琼此刻不应该在这里了吗？——不用担心。她将会在20分钟内到达这里的。A项 “好的”；B项“不急，不用担心”；C项“难怪”；D项“玩得开心”。根据句意可知选B项。 【考点】情景交际 2.【答案】C 【解析】根据语境可知此处表示“凯特的妹妹”，故用whose引导定语从句并在从句中作sister的定语。【考点】定语从句 3.【答案】A 【解析】A项“放弃，屈服；让步”；B项“打扮，装饰”；C项“打断，闯入”；D项“出现；调大”。句意：起初罗伯特不让他的女儿潜水，但是最终他让步了，因为他女儿对自己的潜水技能很有信心。 【考点】动词短语辨析 4.【答案】D 【解析】句意：让我们到周末再摘桃子吧，这样吃起来就会足够甜了。A项“自从”；B项“好像，似乎”；C项“尽管，即使”；D项“以便，为了”。 【考点】状语从句 5.【答案】A 【解析】A项“当然，肯定地”；B项“视情况而定”；C项“不必在意；算了，没关系”；D项“别开玩笑”。根据答语中的“告诉我什么时间，我就会在那里”可知选A项。 【考点】情景交际 6.【答案】C 【解析】A项“建议”；B项“命令”；C项“可能性”；D项“邀请”。句意：宇宙中的其他星球上存在生命的可能性一直激励着科学家们去探索外太空。 【考点】名词词义辨析 7.【答案】B 【解析】根据短语take a photograph“拍照”和固定结构have sth. done可知，此处应用take的过去分词. 【考点】非谓语动词
8.【答案】B 【解析】A项“陈列”；B项“获得，习得”；C项“教”；D项“测试”。句意：获得成为一个优秀舞者所需要的技能花费了他很长时间。 【考点】动词词义辨析 9.【答案】C 【解析】分析句子成分后可知，to后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，再根据句意可知，此处应用whoever，表示“任何一位”。 【考点】名词性从句 10.【答案】D 【解析】根据语境可知，此处是对过去情况的推断，故可排除A、C两项；再根据关键信息“I'm not sure”可知，此处是表示可能性的判断，故用could have done。must have done是对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“肯定做了某事”。 【考点】情态动词 11.【答案】B 【解析】A项“刚开始，首先”；B项“毕竟，终究”；C项“尤其，最重要的是”；D项“随意地，任意地”。句意：鲍勃认为他去不了聚会，因为他不得不写报道，但终究他还是去了。 【考点】介词短语辨析 12.【答案】D 【解析】句意：我并没有打算吃什么，但是冰激凌看上去太美味了，以至于我情不自禁尝了尝。mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”；couldn't help doing sth.意为“情不自禁做某事”，为固定用法。 【考点】非谓语动词 13.【答案】C 【解析】句意：我的洗衣机这个星期正在被修理，所以我不得不用手洗衣服了。根据语境可知，此处表示洗衣机还在修理中，并且存在被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。 【考点】动词的时态和语态 14.【答案】B 【解析】分析句子成分可知，此处是强调句型结构“It was…that…”，此处强调的是时间状语从句。 【考点】强调句型 15.【答案】A 【解析】根据从句中的关键词yesterday可知，从句是对过去事实的虚拟，故用过去完成时。 【考点】虚拟语气