No matter what / who / which / how / when / where / whether引导的让步状语从句：
No matter how much I tried to make things stay the same, even Jimmy grasped that the world he’d known was gone. (课文中)
No matter what he is wearing, you must serve him.
这一结构大都可以由-ever 构成的合成词代替：
Whatever（代词）he is wearing, you must serve him.
但no matter 结构只能引导让步状语从句，而-ever构成的合成词除了引导让步状语从句，还能引导主语从句、宾语从句。
Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.(引导宾语从句, 不能换成no matter what).
（课文中: Para6）He went wherever（副词）I went and seemed to adjust pretty well.
（课文中:Para12）We were reminded that the constant love and support of our friends and family would get us through whatever life might present.
However（程度副词，常与形容词和副词连用）rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money.
However carefully you drive, you will probably have an accident eventually.
Whoever （代词）gains the most points wins the competition.
Whichever（代词）of them gains the most points wins.
Whichever (形容词) team gains….
有时whatever, wherever可以表示说话人不知情或不关心
He lives in Wick, wherever that is.（…谁知道那地方在哪儿。）
比较：
How ever：
I lost seven kilos in a month.
How ever did you lose so much in such a short time? (怎么会….?)
What ever:
What ever do you mean? (怒气冲冲地)
Where ever did you buy your wonderful carpet? (究竟在什么地方买…？)
?一般情况下，直接加s 如：read-reads，swim-swims ?以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es 如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does ?以辅音字母＋y结尾，变y为i，再加es 如：study-studies，fly-flies ?不规则变化如：have-has 4、一般现在时的句型转换： 肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答 They watch TV every day.They don’t watch TV every day. —Do they watch TV every day? —Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. She watches TV She doesn’t watch— Does she watch TV every day?
every https://www.doczj.com/doc/0b15572740.html, every day.—Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. 现在进行时 1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now，look，listen等词。 如：I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree. Listen! Jane is singing in the music room. 2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing） 3、动词现在分词构成： ?一般是在动词原形后加ing 如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking ?以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing 如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking ?以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing 如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get- getting，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting 4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。 如：Asking the way My hobby is collecting stamps. He is good at skating. 5、现在进行时的句型转换： 肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答 —Is he running now? He is running now.He isn’t running now. —Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
人教版九年级英语unit11 第十一单元语法知识及练习题make 的用法： make用作使役动词，表示使.…;让.?…1) make sb dO使某人做某事 eg: The boss makes them work for 10 hours a day. 2) be made to do sth:被迫做某事 eg: She was made to wait for over an hour她被迫等了一个多小时. 3) make sb + adj 使: 某人. eg: I will try my best to make her happy.我会尽一切努力使她幸福. 4) make sb + n 使: 某人成为,(名词前不用加冠词) eg: We made him our monitor. 我们选他为班长. 5) make sb +介词短语:使某人处于某种状态 eg: Sit down and please make yourself at home请坐，不要拘束. 6) make it + adj + to do sth：使得..…是.. 的 eg: Mr Zhao makes it interesting to read赵老师使得阅读变得很有趣. 7) make it +时间：时间约定在.. eg: Let us make it half past two让我们把时间约定在2:30吧. 练习试题： 1. The peaceful music in the CD made the students _____ relaxed. A.feel B.feels C.felt D.to feel 2. Why didn 't Tom o out and play with us yesterday? Because he was made ____ his own clothes by his mother.A.wash B.washed C.to wash D.washing 3. The loud music may make people ___ fast.
牛津实用英语语法(无乱码)第35章 第三十五章名词从句 名词从句常常由that引导，所以也被称做that从句。然而，名词从句并不全是由that引导的。 343 作主语的名词从句 A 以名词从句作主语的句子常常由it开头（参见第67节D）： It is disappointing that Tom can’t come． 汤姆不能来，真扫兴。（that Tom can’t come是主语。） B 常见的结构是it＋be／seem＋形容词＋名词从句（参见第26节与第27节）： It’s splendid that you passed your exam． 你通过考试了，真棒。
It’s strange that there are no lights on． 真奇怪，没有一盏灯是开着的。 有些形容词需要或可以与that…should连用（参见第236节）： It is essential that everybody knows／should know what to do． 重要的是，每个人都应知道该做什么。 C 另一种可代用的结构是it＋be／seem＋a＋名词＋名词从句。 下列名词均可用于这种结构：mercy，miracle，nuisance，pity，shame，relief，wonder。也可以使用a good thing。 It’s a great pity（that）they didn’t get married． 他们没能结婚，真是令人惋惜。 It’s a wonder（that）you weren’t killed． 你没死掉真是个奇迹。 It’s a good thing（that）you were insured． 你保了险，这可是件好事。 344 位于某些形容词／分词之后的that从句
1.---你怎样学习英语？ ---我通过小组学习的方式来学习。 2.---你通过大声朗读学英语？ ---是的，我是。它有助于我的发音。 3.---我怎样才能读得更快？ ---你可以通过读意群来读得更快。 4.---我怎样才能改善我的发音？ ---一种方法是听磁带。 5.我知道泼水节真的很有趣。 6.泼水节多么有趣啊！ 7.我想知道他们明年是否还会进行比赛。 8.那些龙舟队真是太棒了！ 9.我想知道六月是否是游览香港的好时间。 10.龙舟真漂亮啊！ 11.我认为四月是泰国最热的月份。 12.香港的食物真美味啊！ 13.---打扰了，你知道我在哪里能买些药吗？ ---当然。沿着这条街有一家超市。 14.---你能告诉我怎样去邮局吗？ ---抱歉，我不确定如何去那里。 15.---你能告诉我今晚乐队什么时候开始演奏吗？ ---晚上八点开始。 16.---我想知道接下来我们应该去哪里。 ---你们应该试一下那边那个新开的骑乘项目。 17.我过去很矮。我过去在学校里不受欢迎。
18.Paula过去很文静。她过去不喜欢测试。 19.---你过去很矮，不是吗？---是的，我是的。 20.他过去戴眼镜吗？不，他不带。 21.---你的衬衫是棉质的吗？ ---是的，它们是的。并且它们是美国制造的。 22.---这个飞机模型是有什么制作的？ ---它是由用过的木头和玻璃制成的。 23.---在中国哪里产茶？ ---它产自许多不同的地区。 24.---茶是怎么制成的？ ---茶树在山坡上种植。当叶子长好了，人们就用手把它们采摘下来，然后送去加工。 25.---拉链是什么时候被发明的？ ---它是在1893年被发明的。 26.---它是由谁发明的？ ---它是由Whitcomb Judson发明的。 27.---茶是什么时候被带到朝鲜的？ ---它是在6世纪和7世纪期间被带到了朝鲜。 28.---热冰激凌勺是用来干什么的？ --她它是用来提供很凉的冰激凌的。 29.---我认为不应该允许16岁的青少年开车。 ---我同意。他们不够认真。 30.---你认为应该鼓励青少年自己做决定吗？ ---不，我不同意这一点。青少年太年轻而不能自己决定。 31.---不该允许青少年做兼职工作。 ---我不同意。他们可以从工作中学到很多东西。
状语从句一． 二．分类：
adv.+that （如此……以致） so that （结果……） such+n.+that （如果……以致） that （所以，因此） 让步状语从句： though/although 不可同but 连用。 though/although （虽然） however （可是） even though/if （即使） no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever （不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时） 比较状语从句： as （正如） as…as （和……一样） not as/so … as （不如……） than （比……更） the+比较级…+the+比较级 （越……越……） 条件状语从句： if （假设） unless （如果不） so long as （只要） on condition that （如果） 方式状语从句： as （像……那样地） just as （正像） as if （好像） as though （好像） 三． 四． 各种状语从句的简化方法：
1． 2．以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于after/before+doing sth. 作状语。 例：After she sang，she left the rich man's house．= After singing，she left the rich man's house．3． 4．以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语，此时的动词为非延续性动词。 例：Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village． = Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village． 5． 6．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。 例：She stopped when she saw her husband．= She stopped to see her husband． If you want to understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． = To understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． 7． 8．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。 例：He was so tired that he couldn't go any further．= He was too tired to go any further． I came here so that I could ask some questions．= I came here(in order) to ask some questions．9． 10．以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例：When he turned on the radio，he found it broken．= When turning on the radio，he found it broken．While she was walking along the street，she was hit by a car．= While walking along the street，she was hit by a car． 11．原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。 例：Since l didn't know Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English．= Not knowing Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English． 注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。 例：As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． = Thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． 12．在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。 例：When the film start appeared, the children got exited．= The film start appearing，the children got exited． If all the work is done, you can have a rest．= With all the work done，you can have a rest． Nothing can live if there is no air．= Nothing can live without air．
牛津英语A牛津英语语 法和练习题 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
（四） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空： 1 This is _____(I) new classmate._____(she) name’s Sally. 2 That’s _____(we) English teacher. 3 _____(he) brother is my classmate. 4 _____(I) deskmate is Jill,_____(she) hair is long. 二、读句子，用适当的代词填空。 1Jack is my friend.______ sister is Kitty. 2What’s Jack’s sister’s name_ ____ name’s Kitty. 3Mr Li is our teacher.______ has got a red car. 4Who’s you r father?The tall man is _____ father. 5Has your brother got a big ball?No,_____ hasn’t. 6My father is a doctor._____is tall._____ car is black. 7-Is that ____ ruler- Yes,it’s _____ ruler. 8Eddie and I are cclassmate.That’s _____ classroom, 9-Are ____ in Class2 Yes,___ am. 10Look at these trees.____ are tall and green.______ roots(根) are long.
1.---你怎样学习英语？ 2.---我通过小组学习的方式来学习。 3.---你通过大声朗读学英语？ 4.---是的，我是。它有助于我的发音。 5.---我怎样才能读得更快？ 6.---你可以通过读意群来读得更快。 7.---我怎样才能改善我的发音？ 8.---一种方法是听磁带。 9.我知道泼水节真的很有趣。 10.泼水节多么有趣啊！ 11.我想知道他们明年是否还会进行比赛。 12.那些龙舟队真是太棒了！ 13.我想知道六月是否是游览香港的好时间。 14.龙舟真漂亮啊！ 15.我认为四月是泰国最热的月份。 16.香港的食物真美味啊！ 17.---打扰了，你知道我在哪里能买些药吗？ 18.---当然。沿着这条街有一家超市。 19.---你能告诉我怎样去邮局吗？ 20.---抱歉，我不确定如何去那里。 21.---你能告诉我今晚乐队什么时候开始演奏吗？ 22.---晚上八点开始。
23.---我想知道接下来我们应该去哪里。 24.---你们应该试一下那边那个新开的骑乘项目。 25.我过去很矮。我过去在学校里不受欢迎。 26.Paula过去很文静。她过去不喜欢测试。 27.---你过去很矮，不是吗---是的，我是的。 28.他过去戴眼镜吗不，他不带。 29.---你的衬衫是棉质的吗？ 30.---是的，它们是的。并且它们是美国制造的。 31.---这个飞机模型是有什么制作的？ 32.---它是由用过的木头和玻璃制成的。 33.---在中国哪里产茶？ 34.---它产自许多不同的地区。 35.---茶是怎么制成的？ 36.---茶树在山坡上种植。当叶子长好了，人们就用手把它们采摘下来，然后送去加 工。 37.---拉链是什么时候被发明的？ 38.---它是在1893年被发明的。 39.---它是由谁发明的？ 40.---它是由Whitcomb Judson发明的。 41.---茶是什么时候被带到朝鲜的？ 42.---它是在6世纪和7世纪期间被带到了朝鲜。 43.---热冰激凌勺是用来干什么的？ 44.--她它是用来提供很凉的冰激凌的。
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果／原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。 A 原因从句 1 由as／because／since 引导的原因从句： We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。 As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as／since／seeing that来表示，但不能用because： As／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。 As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 3 在as／since／seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替： ~ As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他 注意：if so的用法： —I hope Bill won’t come． —If so（＝If you hope he won’t come），why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他 关于if＋so／not，参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导： The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。
1. Tim is in good shape physically he doesn't get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 3. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office． A．since B．that C．when D．until* m John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since 6. Today, we will begin ________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when B. where C. how D. what 7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 8. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 9. You can’t borrow books from the s chool library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 10. All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for
小学英语语法复习要点(1) 一、名词复数规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ;child-children; foot-feet,; tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 二、一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍
Unit11 单词补充 1，让某人做某事。make sb. do sth. 让某人怎么样？make sb.+a. 2，宁愿干某事would rather do sth. == prefer doing something 宁愿干某事而不愿干某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. would rather do sth. than do sth. 3，而不是rather than 4，迫使/驾驶drive drives（三单）drove（过去时）driven（过去分词）5，迫使某人发疯/发狂，drive sb. crazy/mad 6，越...越... the more...the more... 7，最近不久前，lately == recently 一般用于完成时 8，忽略、不提及leave out 感到被遗忘、被冷落，be/feel left out 9，这样他就不会觉得自己被冷落Then she want to feel left out 10，让我们的友谊更加牢固make our friendship stronger 11，国王king 王后/女王queen 一个不快乐的国王an unhappy king 12，有很多权利力量have a lot of /much power 13，首相大臣prime minister 银行bank 银行家banker 14，好名声声誉，让歌手快乐Good fame makes the singer happy 15，苍白的be pale 他总是面色苍白His face is always pale as chalk 16，招来/叫来call in 被召唤干某事be called in to do sth. 被召唤去某地be called in to somewhere 被召唤来给国王做检查be called in to examine the king 17，既不...也不，neither... nor 要么...要么...，或者...或者....either... or... 不但而且not only... but also... 无权无名neither the power nor fame 18，有很多财富have a lot of/ much wealth。 财富n. wealth 富有的a. wealthy 19，起初to start with。at first 20，一个重物a heavy weight 减肥lose weight ... 的重量the weight of... Weigh v.重 21，舒服的a. comfortable不舒服的a. uncomfortable 让某人不舒服make sb. uncomfortable 22，在某人的双肩上on my shoulders 某人感觉肩上有很大的压力sb. feel like there is a lot of weight on one’s shoulders 23，没踢进球miss scoring that goal 让某人干某事，let sb. do sth. = make sb. do sth. 让某人失望let sb. down /disappoint sb. 她已经让整个队失望He has left his whole team down 24，开除某人kick sb. Off 踢某人kick sb. 25，对某人苛刻be hard on sb.= be strict with sb. 不要对自己太苛刻，Don't be too hard on yourself 26，有勇气干某事do sth. with courage 勇敢的去参加足球训练，go to soccer practice with courage 27，拉v. pull 推v. push 齐心协力pull together 28，点头v. nod modding nodded 点头表示同意nod in agreement 29，和某人意见一致be in agreement with sb.== agree with sb. 30，这绝不是一个人的错It's never just one person's fault 31，使失望v. disappoint a. disappointed（人）disappointing（物）Section A 1，高亢的音乐使我紧张，The loud music makes me nervous. 2，柔和并且安静的音乐让我放松/困倦，Soft and quiet music makes me relax/sleepy. 3，金钱和名声并不总是让人快乐，Money and fame don't always make people happy. 4，她说悲伤的电影使她哭泣，She said that the sad movie makes her cry. 5，等待Amy让Tina发疯Waiting for Amy drove Tina crazy. 6，高亢的音乐使John想跳舞，Loud music makes John want to dance. 7，我对Julie了解得越多，就越意识到我俩有很多共同点 The more I get to know Julie ，the more I realize that we have a lot in common. 8，最近我们在一起的时间更多了We have been spending more time together lately 9，很久以前做的一位不快乐的国王，A long time ago ,there lived an unhappy king. 10，她睡眠不好也不想吃东西He slept badly and didn't feel like eating. 11，想要干某事feel like doing sth. ==want to do sth. 12，没有理由for no reason 13，某人或某事出毛病了there is something wrong with sb./Sth. 14，他发现他的身体没什么毛病，He found nothing wrong with his body.
状语从句 历届高考题选1 1. Why do you want a new job _____ you’ve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when 2. I thought her nice and honest _____ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 3. _____ journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher. A. Although B. Even C. No matter D. Now that 4. ---I’m going to the post office. ---_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps/ A. As B. While C. Because D. If 5. _____ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. However 6. _____ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more. A. For B. Even C. Since D. However
高中英语语法专项训练----状语从句 1.Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. while 4 You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway. A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless 5.“Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes. He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.” A. after B. unless C. until D. when 6. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever 7. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them. A. where B. in which C. at D. for them 8. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. A. Wherever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever 9. Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said. A. while B. as soon as C. suddenly D. then 10.________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. Don’t be so rude to her.
时态讲解 一、一般现在时主要用于： 1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。e.g. It seldom snows here. 2 、表示现在的特征或状态。e.g. He is always ready to help others. 3 、普遍真理。e.g. Action speaks louder than words. 4 、剧情图片介绍，背景说明，动作解说。e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table) Doctor ：What's your trouble, young man? Tom ：I've caught a cold, doctor. 5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains. 与这种时态连用的时间状语常有：always, often, never, seldom, usually, on ce, a week, now等。 二、一般过去时主要用于： 1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况 (包括习惯性的动作或状态) e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days. 2 、谈到过去的情况时e.g. I didn't know you were so busy. 3 、谈到已死人的情况时e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter. 与这个时态连用的时间状语常有： yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, whe n, after, as soon as引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间。 三、现在完成时主要用于：
状语从句 一．分类： 种类连接词注意区别： 时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly /until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardly…when /no sooner…than/the moment/the minute/immediately 有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句： the?minute,?the?moment,?every?time,?the?first?time 例：The?moment?he?reached?the?country,?he?started?his? search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句： directly 例：Directly?the?master?came?in,?everyone?was?quiet. 校长一进来，?大家就安静下来 as和when、while： as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主句 之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或while。从 示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。 till/until和not…till/until： until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 地点 状语 where//wherever where，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。 原因状语Because/as/since/now that/for because和since、for、as、now that： because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提 问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或si 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断 只能用for。now that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在 的，since可以是现在，也可以是过去和现在。 条件状语if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that 多用一般时态，如果表示一般将来的情况，就用一般现在时 果表示过去将来的情况，就用一般过去时。 目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lest so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情 词 结果状语so…that, such…that 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰 或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可 示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配 比较 状语 Than/not so//as…as//the more…the more Your watch is not the same as his.(the same as结构)方式 状语 as if, as though, as, (just)as---so，as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 让步状语 Though/although/even if/even though/ as//, no matter what/who/which/how/when，whatever/whoever /whichever/however/whenever ，whether---or---（不管---- 都） as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正 序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用 时间状语从句：