Chemistry Conclusion Writing Guide Your conclusion should include each of the following components:
First make certain it is in 3rd person (no we, they, I). Talk as though you are describing your results from a removed viewpoint.
1. Restate the scientific question or purpose of the investigation.
2. Analyze the data (and graphs) for trends, patterns or relationships. Be specific here and be certain to include actual data in your analysis.
3. Compare your findings to the hypothesis and state whether the data supports the hypothesis or not. Tell why.
4. Discuss possible reasons for error. When appropriate give quantitative error analysis.
5. Make final conclusion citing data for support.
6. Give areas for further study.
Last double check to make certain it is in 3rd person (no we, they, I).
Example:
1. Restate the scientific question or purpose of the investigation.
This investigation sought to determine the effect of density on volume for samples of the same approximate weight. Density is a physical property of all elements and understanding the effect of density on volume may allow us to learn something about the size of atoms of similar mass.
2. Analyze the data (and graphs) for trends, patterns or relationships. Be specific here and be certain to include actual data in your analysis.
The data shows that as the density increases the volume decreases in an inverse proportion. This is evident through the graph and data. The graph is a hyperbola which is characteristic of an inverse relationship and an analysis of the graph with Graphical Analysis confirms that it is an inverse relationship. Direct analysis of the data also supports the inverse relationship. Five grams of Magnesium which has the lowest density at 1.74 g/cm3 has the highest volume of 2.87 cm3 where as five grams of platinum which has the highest density at 21.45 g/cm3 has the lowest volume at 0.23 cm3.
3. Compare your findings to the hypothesis and state whether the data supports the hypothesis or not. Tell why.
These findings do not support the hypothesis that the density and volume would be directly proportional for a given mass. It was hypothesized that when the density increased the volume would increase when in fact the exact opposite happened. A closer inspection of the density formula may have prevented this.
4. Discuss possible reasons for error. When appropriate give quantitative error analysis.
There was some error in the volumes as is indicated in the error analysis. The largest error of 2.70% is from platinum which has the smallest volume. Magnesium and aluminum had small relative errors of 1.5% and 1.3% respectively. The other metals had no error because the data was taken from research of accepted values. The error that did exist is not enough to significantly change the inverse relationship.
5. Make final conclusion citing data for support.
The results of this investigation lead to the conclusion there is an inverse relationship between density and volume. The evidence of the graph and data such as magnesium with the lowest density and the highest volume allow this conclusion to be broadened for other substances. It can be expected that the denser the substance the smaller the volume for a given mass.
6. Give areas for further study.
An area for further study would be to look at matter at the atomic level. One could take this conclusion and look at the densities of atoms with similar mass and draw conclusions about their relative size. Also looking at their placement on the periodic table may lead to a pattern of how size may change according to placement on the periodic table.
All together it looks like this:
This investigation sought to determine the effect of density on volume for samples of the same approximate weight. Density is a physical property of all elements and understanding the effect of density on volume may allow us to learn something about the size of atoms of similar mass. The data shows that as the density increases the volume decreases in an inverse proportion. This is evident through the graph and data. The graph is a hyperbola which is characteristic of an inverse relationship and an analysis of the graph with Graphical Analysis confirms that it is an inverse relationship. Direct analysis of the data also supports the inverse relationship. Five grams of Magnesium which has the lowest density at 1.74 g/cm3 has the highest volume of 2.87 cm3 where as five grams of platinum which has the highest density at 21.45 g/cm3 has the lowest volume at 0.23 cm3. These findings do not support the hypothesis that the density and volume would be directly proportional for a given mass. It was hypothesized that when the density increased the volume would increase when in fact the exact opposite happened. A closer inspection of the density formula may have prevented this. There was some error in the volumes as is indicated in the error analysis. The largest error of 2.70% is from platinum which has the smallest volume. Magnesium and aluminum had small relative errors
of 1.5% and 1.3% respectively. The other metals had no error because the data was taken from research of accepted values. The error that did exist is not enough to significantly change the inverse relationship. The results of this investigation lead to the conclusion there is an inverse relationship between density and volume. The evidence of the graph and data such as magnesium with the lowest density and the highest volume allow this conclusion to be broadened for other substances. It can be expected that the denser the substance the smaller the volume for a given mass. An area
for further study would be to look at matter at the atomic level. One could take this conclusion and look at the densities of atoms with similar mass and draw conclusions about their relative size. Also looking at their placement on the periodic table may lead to a pattern of how size may change according to placement on the periodic table.
Practice: Using the information given below, develop and write a conclusion using the six step method we have discussed.
EDD
Hypothesis: If different colors of light are used to grow plants, then the violet light will cause the plants to grow to the highest height. Wavelengths of light have different energies associated with it and on that scale violet light has the highest energy level. Therefore, it will give the plant the greatest direct energy.
Data:
Data Table 1
Graph 1
Conclusion:
Teaching Plan 教学目标： Get students to learn how to write an advertisement. Develop students’ reading and writing abilities. 教学重点： Develop students’reading and writing skills by learning how to write an advertisement. 教学难点： Let students write a concise and accurate ad. 教学过程： Step1 Leading-in Show some pictures to students and ask them to answer the following questions: Which restaurant do you like best? and why? If you are a manager of one of these restaurants, how to write an advertisement for your restaurant and attract more customers? Step2 Reading Task Give a sample to students and ask them to read it quickly, then answer these questions: 1. What cuisine(菜式) does the restaurant serve? 2. Why is the food special in this restaurant? 3. Do we need to pay for parking if we eat at City Light Restaurant? Step3 To learn the layout of an ad for a restaurant There are six elements included in an ad: name,slogan, food / dishes, special features, Business time, address /telephone number… Step4 Practice Task 1. 我们餐厅主要供应重庆菜,以麻辣火锅为招牌特色 Our restaurant mainly ___________________________________, with _____ hotpots as the specialty.
高一英语必修一写作课课堂实录全英文授课 王俐 let’s begin our class.In this lesson we’ll write a story based on given pictures and master the basic elements and writing methods of story narratives .Besides, develope writing thinking and further deepen the cross-cultural understanding of english through writing practice; in addition, share the story about english-related anecdotes. Reviewing :Last lesson we read four funny posts and learned the expressions related to them.what are they?do you remember? They are t he first floor, not bad,wicked, have/there is a frog in one’s throat .can you retell one of them? Lihua,please. Not bad .you did a good job. The four expressions caused the misunderstanding in English. the first floor:in British English,it refers to the floor of a building above the one at ground level; while in American English it means the floor of a building at ground level. And how about this one”not bad”? yes , it is a positive comment. If you have got the comment from your teacher ,it means pretty good,better than you expected. Wicked:what do you think of julien’s grandfather? he is wicked. He is such a nice guy. Is there a frog in your throat? Why don't you say anything? I’m Unable to speak clearly because my throat is dry and blocked . The posts on page 21 remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world. A frog in one’s throa t means yu cant speak now,what is the meaning of toad-in-the-hole? Next,let’s diecover more about it. Turn to Page 23. We’ll tell a story about toad-in-the-hole together!!!look at the picture .i think all of you can guess what the animal is ….give you two minues to look through the pictures and and answer the questions. Picture 1. Read it carefully,and find the related information. 1.When did the story happen? Yes,you’re right. Last summer. 2.Who were the people in the picture? A British family and I. 3.Where did the story take place? Are you familiar with the building ? 1 it’s a landmark of london-tower bridge,which was built over river themes.so we know the story took place in london. Picture 2 What did the boy say to the girl? We’ll have toad-in-the-hole for dinner. Picture 3. What was the girl’s feeling after hearing the boy’s words? Watch carefully the look on the gorl’s face. worried, a little terrified,confused,nervous ,we can also use “with butterflies in my stomach”to express your n ervousness. you’d better note it down on your books.