A：When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her
nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or
polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend
＄12 to ＄50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly
Stopped showing up.
biting her nails=scratch one’s head
不知所措，束手无策；
when it comes to名词，主谓。。。。
a用法：引出文章topic
b翻译为：当提到。。。时
当谈及。。。时
Writing： when it comes to 题目，opinions vary。Many tend to claim
that 。Others，however，may contend that
claim 主张，认为 some——some people
Hold many——many people
Argue few ——
Contend those——
注：日本人——
Those who are from japan，（写作：简单问题复杂化。）省略“people”
Those who are from average universities来自普通大学
Top university 重点大学
may/might
主语 + tend to + 谓语。。。。。。。。。。
seem to
B、This is an explosive situation（危急关头，可怕局面） for any industry
（行业）, particularly a declining one.
Slowing/Falling/Declining/Fading
*slowing 减速的 *falling 日以下跌的，逐渐下跌的
Acceleration加速falling communication costs
Slowdown减速falling transportation costs/spending/budget
Growing industrial competitiveness of emerging economies
*declining 衰退的，走下坡路的
A declining industry global economic decline例：北师大now is on the
decline while 东北师大is now on the rise
Industry 行业
Energy-intensive industry
Auto industry
One作代词
仿：This is an explosive situation for any country，particularly for a
developing one。
补充：rising growing increasing soaring
*rising costs 支出，费用
rising concern 关注
writing：幸运的是，今天人们越来越关注这种现象。
Rising concern，fortunately，has been given today to such an upsetting phenomenon。
*Growing attention= Rising concern 关注
Growing competitiveness of emerging countries
Growing threat of XXX
*An increasing number of = more and more
*soaring：激增的
Soaring home prices
Soaring health costs/spending/budget
healthcare医疗卫生
C biting her nails 不知所措，束手无策
*have a ZZZ=noisily doze off 瞌睡，入睡
*put pen to paper = write
* While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put
pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since
then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.
*While ，。（对立对比）
While中国XXX，japanXXX。
Writing：while some seem to claim that ，others might argue that the educated
the poorly educated 受教育程度不高的人
the modestly educated受教育程度中等，一般的
the highly educated受教育高的，不是高等教育
Seek——sought
seek to旨在做。。。想要做。。。，目的是。。。
an elevated tone有高度的语言mother tone
elevator native tone 母语
the most well regarded writing 被认为最好的
capture抓住，俘虏
引申义：抓来就用
Writing spoken
Formal oral
Elevated informal
Academic
The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is .
［A］far-reaching［B］ dubiously oriented
［C］ self-contradictory［D］ radically reformatory
In the past—at present—at the future rush狂热，热gold rush淘金热
The rush to go abroad
The rush to learn English
*Put computers in the classroom：多媒体教学
far-reaching意义深远
当提到这减速的经济时，某人还没有不知所措。not。。。（just）yet：尚未，还没有。。。。。。
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet.But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend ＄12 to ＄50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.
*1超纲词的推理
Manicurist，根据上下文推理。
a：看超纲词所在句子这个句子中往往有提示the47-year-old manicurist=she(Ellen Spero)
b：看这个超纲词所在段的段落主题句（topic）
*2并列结构
Cut v 剪or
File v 锉磨and
Polish v上油 , or , , and
Not as many as /not so many as
浙大has as many as student as 厦大
浙大doesn’t have as many student as 厦大
***3多变化：a标点多变化，b用词多变化c句式多变化
Client
Customer
Shopper 顾客，客户
Buyer
Patron patronage：光临 the patronage of those under the age of 18 patronize ：光顾，回顾
注：三大类十四种句型：
基本句型：主谓。。。。。。。。。。。
升级
高级句型：三大类十四小种
A：主语。。插入。。。谓语。。。。。
4种情况：a 从句
b过去分词短语——ed
which is 现在分词短语——ing
who 不定式短语——to。。。
（主语）形容词短语——adj
介词短语——prep
c 情态动词seem to
tend to
could/may
d 双逗号结构主语，，谓语。。。。。
双破折号结构
B：主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。。补充
a从句
B 过去分词短语——ed
删去 which is/are 现在分词短语——ing
who 不定式短语——to。。。
（主语）形容词短语——adj
介词短语——prep
变异
主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。。，补充
A 从句
B 过去分词短语——ed
删去 which is/are 现在分词短语——ing
who 不定式短语——to。。。
（主语）形容词短语——adj
介词短语——prep
C 独立主格结构
D 同位语
C：引导，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。
a从句
b 过去分词短语——ed
删去 which is/are 现在分词短语——ing
who 不定式短语——to。。。
（主语）形容词短语——adj
介词短语——prep
c独立主格结构
d副词：therefore，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。
indeed，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。
unfortunately，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。
*2 show up 露面，出现
The negative feelings generated during the day tend to show up in dreams early at night
Negative消极的，否定的
Positive 积极地
The negative feelings主语show up谓语
主语。。。—ed tend to 谓语
generate=produce 产生，生产
*3 三大逻辑关系之对立对比关系
，but，
While，
Blame 指着；责备；归咎于。。。。。。
Owe。。。。A to。。。。。。B A的原因是B
Attribute、、、、、to、、、、、、、、、、、
She owes this accident to her negligence（疏忽）
She blame this accident because she neglects。
Ericsson and his colleagues believe that high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.XXX和XXX认为成就高的人主要原因是后天培养。
high achievers：those （who） have high achievements
owe 结果to原因
nurture培养，栽培 v
nutrition 营养n（牛吹神）
nutriment 营养品
主要的：mainly/mostly/chiefly/primarily
According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
d epartment stores 百货商店
emergence n 出现
emerge v出现
emerging countries 新兴国家
emerging economies 新兴国家的经济
***引号
Reading：引号中的内容不用读；但是，当段首句出现引号时，必读。Writing：必须用上！！例：“，”argues（notes） Dr.Li Ji，a 47-year-old sociology professor at Fudan University.
So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus.
主谓。。。。。。。。。。。，—ing。。。。。。。。
—ing。。。。。。。。。。，主谓。。。。。。。。
当一个主语做了两个或更多的动作时，其中一个动作作谓语动词，而另一个动作用—ing形式。
例：她早早起床冲忙去了机场。
She got up early this morning and went to the airport。
Getting up early this morning，she went to the airport hurriedly She got up early this morning，going to the airport hurriedly。
Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
Be perplexed/Be puzzled/Be confused 困惑不解
allege 断言 v
allegation 断言n
lie谎言n setting 环境
rumor谣言n
cruel 残忍的 cruetly n
deliberately 蓄意地，故意地
Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment - although no one had proposed to do so - and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
Downscaling降低规模
suburban郊区 n
So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus.
1段：经济不景气——业务量降低——降低消费规模（档次）
可是，她没有绝望
作业：（一个月内）
A读大学英语1-2册，每篇都彻底研究并不断重复。（多读，甚至抄）
每句：词组，句型结构
每段：总结topic，分析相邻句子之间的逻辑关系。
并列，转折，顺承，总分
B背3147上下册二：
总论：
1：countdown
2 方法科学英语：精读课文，打下强大的语言基础
A 词（组）识别和运用（造句）能力
B 句子分析能力
词汇量：质量和数量
C 段的分析能力
多角度全方位深层次重复
Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.
*1 引导，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
a 从句
b 过去分词短语——ed
删去which is/are 现在分词短语——ing
who 不定式短语——to。。。
（主语）形容词短语——adj
介词短语——prep
c独立主格结构
d副词：therefore ，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。
Indeed ，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。
Unfortunately ，主谓。。。。。。。。。。。。。
介词短语，（even before。。。。。。，）主谓。。。。。。。。。
（先不读）抓主干（先看）
Even bofore1949，中共已受到全国人民的爱戴。
起连接作用主语
Admission：承认，允许进入
例如：No admission，japanese and dogs。不允许进入
Folks=people
signs：迹象，兆头瑞雪is a good sign for丰年
Heavy snow/rain 瑞雪、雨
harvesting year 丰年
Rain/Snowstorm(灾) 暴风雪
Even before Alan Greenspan's (当局)admission （that America's red-hot economy is cooling）,。。。。。。。。。。。。。同位语从句
Ben Bernanke 伯南克（美联储主席）
Admission：承认
red-hot economy：过热的经济
即使在当局（官方）承认之前，很多民众自己已经看到了XXX的迹象。（对立对比关系）
From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.
From。。。to。。。，主谓。。。。
Lag滞后，徘徊不前，拖后腿。
Leg腿 English have been lagging for years。
car dealership：汽车经销商 Audi dealership BMW dealership Deal：交易
Gap outlet The gap between the poor and the rich
肯定是卖东西的地方Generation gap 代沟（放在语境中背诵）
**as的用法小结
a表示原因=because，since，for
b表时间=when 见P63二段一行，又P1二段倒数二行
upsetting令人难过的parallel类似的
Writing ： upsetting parallel are now available in nearly all walks of life,and one of my acquaintances may serve as a convincing example.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.
Awaken sb to sth: 使sb意识到sth
我们应该是人们意识到这种令人痛心的现象的严重性.
应该用被动语态
The general public should be made aware of the severity of such a phenomenon.
as:表原因,时间,
表比较:as many…as…
Not so much…as…与其说。。。，不如说。。。
表尽管,虽然=although=though
Writing: 尽管这幅图画咋一看起来很普通话,它意义深远.
Simple as the above image may appear at first glance,its intended meaning Is fairly far-reaching.
=very
Gap-outlet品牌-商店;出口(发泄方式,表达方式)
Shopper
Temper:减轻,缓和v
parallel:类似的事情 n
Spending=cost=budget 支出,花费
For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanks giving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time .
crucial 关键的小心的,谨慎的方式,方法来得真不是时候
…………………………………….. 来的真是时候The scientific approach 科学的方法
The cautious approach 小心谨慎的方式
The intensive approach 集约型的
The crude approach 粗糙的,粗放的
Temper one’s spending
The cautious approach
Revenue:年收入 budget:支出
**逻辑关系之一:
总分结构
a总述b分述c分述d分述（一个总，三个分；考分述时答案在总述里）Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the ＄4 million to ＄10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran.In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. "Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,"
53. When mentioning "the ＄4 million to ＄10 million range" (Lines 3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about .
［A］ gold market［B］real estate房地产
［C］stock exchange股票交易［D］venture investment 风险投资Stock market swings 股市波动
An average student spends $80 weekly, (which is)predominantly fed by family.
主要地
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary
ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too.
a总述b分述c分述d分述额e but f
e分水岭
Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet.
听，尚未听到任何警报（即事情还不是极为严重）
Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.
稍稍勒紧腰带
Sound 。。。很好的
Physically sound 身体好
Cognitively sould认知的，认知方面的很强
Environmentally sound环境方面很好
Rising concern，fortunately，has been given to such an upsetting phenomenon。
Panic：恐慌Panicked：恐慌的
Picnic野炊clinic诊所
remain optimistic保持乐观
hold steady保持稳定
long-term effect长期的效果
Short-term 短期的
很多人发现经济不景气，可是不绝望，甚至乐观
Bite one’s nails ,panicked
even as=even when 即使当。。。
多变化：
do some belt-tightening= downscale= Temper one’s spending=The cautious approach
modest：谦虚的，中等的，一般的P81三段二行
Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good . Home prices are holding steady in most regions.In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the ＄4 million to ＄10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran.In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets . "Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
in despair在绝望中
desperate .adj 绝望的
in peril在危险中
Fortune 财产，财富
pretty 非常的=very=rather=fairly=quite
fame and fortune
名利
famous fortunately
此段主要说消费者不绝望的原因
放价稳定is mention to show 消费者的财产很好
第1句：分论点财产很好第2345句论据；第6句分论点有能力找到工作despite名词（词组） , 主谓
In spite of名词（词组） , 主谓
Given名词（词组） , 主谓
尽管，虽然
Given all these disadvantages，it seems to have a variety of strengths。 advantages Despite the dreadful headlines,consumers say they're not in despair because their own fortunes still feel pretty good.尽管媒体报导得很可怕，消费者说他们并不绝望，因为他们觉得自己的财产很好。
Dreadful 可怕的 headlines 媒体报道
even as=even quiet安静下来.v安静的.adj frenzied overbidding quiets
crazy出价过高
real-estate房地产 broker经纪人 overbid 出价过高
Many folks see silver linings（好的方面） to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.
would cheer for
bubble泡沫
wouldn't mind 很喜欢（不介意）
interest rates 利率
a good deal=a great deal=much +比较
a little + 比较
far = a long way +比较
silver linings 好的方面
【谚语】Every cloud has its silver linings。每一片乌云都有它的银边。每一件不好的事情都蕴含着好的希望。
Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom..
a sustained boom.持久繁荣birth boom婴儿潮
sustained effort持续努力
sustainable development可持续发展
ingredient要素，成分
组成部分=component=element=part
Diners might see an upside, too.
第1句总topic第234句分述第5句呼应topic第6,7句第8句
an upside = silver linings
Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible，Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting干杯. 美国当局
每句话分析透——多读
每一段总结出topic并理顺关系
No effort , no comfort.
No investing , no hauvesting.
= No pains , no gains.
本讲义大学英语课本考研英语精读教程
《3147》《考研大趋势》
大量做题每种题型都做
题的来源1、中 2、理念真题 3、习题集
大作文： （1）正面（正确、积极的）：01、02、03、08、10 反面（不正确的做法、消极）：04、05、06、07、09、11 （2）一幅图还是两幅图（04、06） （3）作文有无规定题目（仅02） （4）1st：描述图画，2nd:解释图画要表达的含义，3rd：严重性及采取的举措。 例如：2011环境污染；2010：一个火锅——多种文化 ＊2012重点预测正面 2012考研大作文万能模板---英语一 第一段3句话 ①In the picture above,...... .第一句话（句型要用do+ing\with短语+非限定性定语从句）要将整个漫画内容描述完整。要考验大家的语法功底，首句很重要哦！ ②There has been a heated discussion about them in the newspaper. 第二句就是套话，大家也可以自己换其他自己喜欢的句子。 ③The picture , at the first glimpse , seem to be simple ,but only a penetrating sight can pierce through its superficial meaning. 同第二句解释的一样。 第二段6句话 记住：写作重点就在此段，因为大多数考研者都会把首尾段写得出色，但仅此这打动不了阅卷老师，比的就是谁的第二段写得漂亮，谁就获得高分的机会大。 ①The picture tells us that nothing can be compared with the (漫画主题词) / nothing is more harmful or damaging than the ( 主题词) . 当时漫画反映坏/好的方面的主题时，大家相应地进行替换。纵观2001-2011年的漫画都是如此，大家不用太怀疑。 ②In no country other than China ,it has been said ,is this phenomenon more obvious （好的主题用此句）. / is the problem of (有关主题词) more serious（坏的主题用此句）.
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一) 考试大纲 ( 非英语专业 )(2020年版) I.考试性质 英语 ( 一 ) 考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国 统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的 标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。 II.考查目标 考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能： ( 一) 语言知识 1.语法知识 考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。 本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。 2. 词汇 考生应能掌握5500 左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容( 详见附录1、 2) 。 除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反 义词等 ; 掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等 ; 掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。 英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。 此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要， 考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。 ( 二) 语言技能 1.阅读 考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料( 生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的 3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所 选材料，考生应能： 1)理解主旨要义 ; 2)理解文中的具体信息 ; 3)理解文中的概念性含义 ;
商志老师在手机APP-------咋学------平台上讲授课程之考研英语词汇逐词精讲课 （完全按应试教学法，每天30分钟，带你高分带你飞） 每晚22:00直播 7月13日晚10点我要在咋学这个手机APP（手机客户端）为大家免费讲《考研英语词汇考点逐词精讲》这个课程的第42讲，考点集中大爆发！这次课将包含以下考研英语考点，快来看看你会多少呢？ 1. 你知道以下这些单词或词组在考研英语中专门考查哪个特殊意思吗？ status status quo current status cement peer review remove affiliation immigration immigrate emigrate migrate monarch owing to due to because bid bid for overbid dam damp controversy dispute controversial contrary contrast recipient receive cloud compute exploration explore cosmos universe cosmetics make up make-up box turbulent disturb cautious vague pronouncement declare declaration reputation 无论有多少词“萌萌哒、晕晕哒”都甭怕，只需今晚10点在手机APP(咋学)等商志欧巴！ 2. 请把下列词组翻译成地道的英语。 1）经济地位
2）同行评议 3）防止某人做某事 4）联邦政府 5）国家元首 6）投标 7）大坝 8）一个有争议的人 9）云计算 10）巨大的星云 11）为某人树立良好的榜样 12）使某人小心谨慎 翻译出鸟语或者翻译不出来不要怕，只要有商志/欧巴，就什么都不怕不怕啦！！ 3. 请把下列短语或句子翻译成地道的汉语。 1）political status 2）research findings 3）the Sino-US relations 4）state government 5）rearing kids 6）on the contrary 7）cosmic clouds 8）They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. 9）But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. 10）Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly owing to their undoubted and respectable status. 11）Turkey’s bid for First World status includes a giant dam. 12）Beijing’s successful bid for 2008 Olympic Games. 13）There are controversies over the recipients’ status. 14）The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier. 15）A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. 今晚10点，商志欧巴，在手机APP--------咋学-------为你讲这些，约不约？？！！
Unit One vote v. /n. 投票 97阅读1 debate v. /n. 辩论，争论 authority n. 政府；权威专家，权威（人士） occupation authorities 占领当局 be authorized to do 得到授权 be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利，有做…的权利 incurably ill patients 晚期患者 terminally ill 晚期的，终期的 convince v. 坚信，相信；令人信服 word n. 消息 flash v./n. 闪现，，闪动，出现 executive a.执行的 n.执行官 chief executive 首席执行官 the right to … （有）做…的权利 have rights doing sth. 有权做某事 society n.协会，社团academic ~ 学术社团 specific society 具体的、特定的社团 community n. …界, 团体；社会，社区 legal community 法律界 scientific community 科学界 religious community 宗教团体 health research community 医疗研究团体 via prep. 经由，通过 post v. 张贴，发布；（在网上）发帖 bulletin n. 公告，报告 import n. 重要性，重要意义；进口 implications n. 含义，意义；暗示，启示 imply v. 暗示，推论出；蕴含着… implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的 explicit a. 表达明确地，明白的 sink in 被了解 alike adj. 类似的，同类的 deal with 安排，处理，思考 breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气 association n. 协会 associate… with… 把…和…联系起来 bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地，厉害地 bill n. 法案，法律；账单 passage n. 通过；经过；道路，通道 tide n. 潮流，趋势 likely adj/adv. 很有可能，可能的= possible be likely to 常常，很有可能 unlikely adj. 不可能 = impossible aging population 老龄化的人口 extend v. 延长，延伸，推广 life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术 extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式 be extended indefinitely 无限期延长 get on with 继续做 have something to do with … 与…有关 have much to do with 与…很有关系 observer n. 观察者，旁观者 observe v. 观察，注意；评论 observation 观察（报告/结论）;评论 make observations 做评论 domino （es ） 多米诺效应（~ effect ） request v. 请求，要求 deadly adj. 致命的 dreadful adj. 可怕的；极大的 inject v. 注射，注入 pill n. 药丸 suffering n. 痛苦，受罪 suffer v. 遭受 diagnose v. 诊断 cool off 平静下来，变凉 certificate n. 证明（书、证等） haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的，不易忘怀的 terrifying a. 可怕的，令人害怕的 spiritual a. 精神上的 fight for 努力…，为…而努力 claw v. 抓 （scratch ） mask n. 面具 object to 反对 objection to objectionable 引起反对的，讨厌的 objective adj. 客观的 objectivity n. 客观性 impartial adj. 公正，客观 share the same view on 对…持相同观点 be responsible for 对…负责（表示原因） significance n. 重要性，意义 calm a . 平静的，镇静的 intense a.强烈的，剧烈的（~ fear 非常担心） characteristic n.（~s ）特点，特色 a. 特有的 be characteristic of 特点是 = be typical of be characterized by 特点是，以…为特点 experience v./n.经历 =undergo=go through shared experience 共同的经历、经验 perish v. 死亡，变腐败 in peril 处在危险中
附录3常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词 一、常用的前缀和后缀 1、常用前缀 aero-：concerning the air of aircraft plane-aeroplane 飞机 space-aerospace 航空空间 anti-：against；opposite of nuclear-antinuclear 反对核武器的 matter-antimatter反物质 war-antiwar反战的 auto-：of or by oneself biography传记–autobiography自传criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省 be-：to treat as the stated thing friend-befriend以朋友的方式对待；照顾little-belittle使显得微小，轻视、贬低 bi-：two；twice；double lingual-bilingual 双语的；人 cycle-bicycle bio-：concerning living things chemistry-biochemistry生化 sphere-biosphere 生物圈 by-，bye-：less important produce-by-produce way-byway偏僻小路；学科的次要领域，冷门 centi-：hundredth part grade-centigrade ?摄氏 meter-centimeter 厘米 co-：together，with author-coauthor合著者，合著 exist-coexist 同时共存、和平共处 col-：( used before l ) together，with location-collocation排列，配置，词的搭配com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with passion-compassion 怜悯、同情 con-：together，with centric-concentric同一中心的、同轴federation-confederation结盟同盟，联邦contra-：opposite diction-contradiction 矛盾、否定反驳natural-contranatural违背自然的 cor-：( used before r ) together，with relate-correlate 有相关性 respond-correspond 相符合相一致，相当类似通信 counter-：opposite act-counteract 对抗、抵消 attack-counterattack 反攻、反击 cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them country-crosscountry越野的 breed-crossbreed杂种，使杂交 de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce code-decode 译码、解码、分析电子信号value-devalue 贬值，贬低 dis-：not；the opposite of advantage-disadvantage 不利、劣势、短处agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合honest-dishonest 不诚实、不老实 em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become body-embody 表现、象征；包括、包含power-empower 授权、准许 en-：to cause to become；to make danger-endanger 危及、使遭受危险 large-enlarge 扩大、扩充放大 ex-：former ( and still living ) minister-ex-minister v辅助; 服侍,部长 wife-ex-wife 前妻 extra-：outside；beyond curricular-extracurricular 学校课程以外的ordinary-extraordinary 奇怪；特别；额外，临时 fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front arm-forearm前臂，预先武装 warn-forewarn 预先警告；事先告知 il-：( used before l ) not legal-illegal 非法 literate-illiterate 目不识丁、文盲的 im-：( used before b，m，p ) not moral-immoral 不道德、邪恶；放荡的possible-impossible 不可能、办不到的；很难接受 in-：not
常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词 一、常用的前缀和后缀 1、常用前缀 aero-：concerning the air of aircraft plane-aeroplane 飞机 space-aerospace 航空空间 anti-：against；opposite of nuclear-antinuclear 反对核武器的 matter-antimatter反物质 war-antiwar反战的 auto-：of or by oneself biography传记–autobiography自传 criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省 be-：to treat as the stated thing friend-befriend以朋友的方式对待；照顾 little-belittle使显得微小，轻视、贬低 bi-：two；twice；double lingual-bilingual 双语的；人 cycle-bicycle bio-：concerning living things chemistry-biochemistry生化 sphere-biosphere 生物圈 by-，bye-：less important produce-by-produce way-byway偏僻小路；学科的次要领域，冷门 centi-：hundredth part grade-centigrade ?摄氏meter-centimeter 厘米 co-：together，with author-coauthor合著者，合著 exist-coexist 同时共存、和平共处 col-：( used before l ) together，with location-collocation排列，配置，词的搭配 com-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with passion-compassion 怜悯、同情 con-：together，with centric-concentric同一中心的、同轴 federation-confederation结盟同盟，联邦 contra-：opposite diction-contradiction 矛盾、否定反驳 natural-contranatural违背自然的 cor-：( used before r ) together，with relate-correlate 有相关性 respond-correspond 相符合相一致，相当类似通信counter-：opposite act-counteract 对抗、抵消 attack-counterattack 反攻、反击 cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them country-crosscountry越野的 breed-crossbreed杂种，使杂交de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce code-decode 译码、解码、分析电子信号 value-devalue 贬值，贬低 dis-：not；the opposite of advantage-disadvantage 不利、劣势、短处 agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合 honest-dishonest 不诚实、不老实 em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become body-embody 表现、象征；包括、包含 power-empower 授权、准许 en-：to cause to become；to make danger-endanger 危及、使遭受危险 large-enlarge 扩大、扩充放大 ex-：former ( and still living ) minister-ex-minister v辅助; 服侍,部长 wife-ex-wife 前妻 extra-：outside；beyond curricular-extracurricular 学校课程以外的 ordinary-extraordinary 奇怪；特别；额外，临时fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front arm-forearm前臂，预先武装 warn-forewarn 预先警告；事先告知 il-：( used before l ) not legal-illegal 非法literate-illiterate 目不识丁、文盲的im-：( used before b，m，p ) not moral-immoral 不道德、邪恶；放荡的 possible-impossible 不可能、办不到的；很难接受 in-：not direct-indirect 间接地，婉转的 sensitive-insensitive 感觉迟钝，不友好的；麻木infra-：below in a range；beyond red-infrared 红外线的 structure—infrastructure 基础设施，基础结构 inter-：between；among change—interchange 互换、互易；交替变换national—international 国际的 intra-：inside，within；into city—intracity市内的 department--intra-department ir-：（used before r）not regular—irregular 不对称、不规则的；不定期的responsible—irresponsible 不负责 kilo-：thousand gram—kilogram千克meter--kilometer千米macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economics—macroeconomics 宏观经济学structure—macrostructure宏观结构 mal-：bad or badly function—malfunction 故障，障碍 treat—maltreat 虐待、滥用
A：When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend ＄12 to ＄50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly Stopped showing up. biting her nails=scratch one’s head 不知所措，束手无策； when it comes to名词，主谓。。。。 a用法：引出文章topic b翻译为：当提到。。。时 当谈及。。。时 Writing： when it comes to 题目，opinions vary。Many tend to claim that 。Others，however，may contend that claim 主张，认为 some——some people Hold many——many people Argue few —— Contend those—— 注：日本人—— Those who are from japan，（写作：简单问题复杂化。）省略“people” Those who are from average universities来自普通大学 Top university 重点大学 may/might 主语 + tend to + 谓语。。。。。。。。。。 seem to B、This is an explosive situation（危急关头，可怕局面） for any industry （行业）, particularly a declining one. Slowing/Falling/Declining/Fading *slowing 减速的 *falling 日以下跌的，逐渐下跌的 Acceleration加速falling communication costs Slowdown减速falling transportation costs/spending/budget Growing industrial competitiveness of emerging economies *declining 衰退的，走下坡路的 A declining industry global economic decline例：北师大now is on the decline while 东北师大is now on the rise Industry 行业 Energy-intensive industry Auto industry One作代词 仿：This is an explosive situation for any country，particularly for a developing one。 补充：rising growing increasing soaring *rising costs 支出，费用
英语万能大作文模板-考研英语高分作文模板—商志英语作文模板 —考研英语作文模板 第一段3句话 ①In the picture above,...... .第一句话（句型要用do+ing\with短语+非限定性定语从句）要将整个漫画内容描述完整。要考验大家的语法功底，首句很重要哦！ ②There has been a heated discussion about them in the newspaper. 第二句就是套话，大家也可以自己换其他自己喜欢的句子。 ③The picture , at the first glimpse , seem to be simple ,but only a penetrating sight can pierce through its superficial meaning. 同第二句解释的一样。 第二段6句话 记住：写作重点就在此段，因为大多数考研者都会把首尾段写得出色，但仅此这打动不了阅卷老师，比的就是谁的第二段写得漂亮，谁就获得高分的机会大。 ①The picture tells us that nothing can be compared with the (漫画主题词) / nothing is more harmful or damaging than the ( 主题词) . 当时漫画反映坏/好的方面的主
题时，大家相应地进行替换。纵观2001-2011年的漫画都是如此，大家不用太怀疑。 ②In no country other than China ,it has been said ,is this phenomenon more obvious （好的主题用此句）. / is the problem of (有关主题词) more serious （坏的主题用此句）. ③What’s more,nobody dare fail to/ the public fail to attach due attention to the ( 主题词) . 进一步强调主题的好/坏。 ④By doing so ,....... . 给出反映主题的相应的理由，这句话也要各位写得好，才有打动阅卷的老师给高分的心，我只能作为指引。 ⑤It will cultivate an optimistic /pessimistic view toward the world and extends people’s life expectancy . 给出自己的结论，好写，套话。 ⑥Were the situation to continue as it is, we would pay the higher price . 最后一句，虚拟语气结尾，增添文章句型多变的色彩。 第三段 这段可以完全是套话了，大家可以自己选择喜欢的，把握一点
（04年第三篇阅读）When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. "I'm a good economic indicator," she says. "I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars." So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. "I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too" she says. Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, （总述）lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.（分述一）From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. （分述二）For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. （分述三）Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. （分水岭）But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. （整个第二段讲了两句话，分水岭前后。） Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. 【（总述）Home prices are holding steady in most regions.（分述一）In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran. （分述二）In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. （分述三）"Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker.】（分水岭）And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. （以上四个句子【】是一个意思：在大多数地区房价保持稳定。这一段的主旨：causes of consumers’ not being desperate in face of the slowdown.） 【（总述）Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. （分述一）Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. （分述二）Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. （分述三）Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.】Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting. 笔记： 1.Appreciate doing 感激某人做…… 2.Suggest that (should)……
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2020年版) I.考试性质 英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。 II.考查内容 考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能： (一)语言知识 1.语法知识 考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括： (1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法; (2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法; (3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法; (4)常用连接词的词义及其用法; (5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法; (6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法; (7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法; (8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。 2.词汇 考生应能较熟练地掌握 5500 个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。 (二)语言技能 1.阅读 考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。 根据阅读材料，考生应能： (1)理解主旨要义; (2)理解文中的具体信息; (3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系; (4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义; (5)进行一定的判断和推理; (6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。 2.写作 考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
一百天考研英语复习规划
100天考研英语复习规划 从现在到2017研究生考已经不足100天，留给大家考研复习时间已经不多了（留给中国队的时间已经不多了，大家加把劲啊）。这个时间是英语复习最黄金的时间，很多英语渣渣就是在这个时候突飞猛进的。大家要在这个时间合理的安排复习内容，才能产生好的效果。我作为老一届的考研党，给大家总结一下从九月到十二月复习的注意事项，希望能给大家打来帮助。 第一阶段：九月 在九月之前大家应该完成了考研英语的基础知识复习和第一次真题练习，在九月大家要把心思放在题型的专项训练上，一定要狂刷试题攻克弱点。 1.阅读题： 这个时候的重点就不再是单词和长难句了，而是要好好的总结各种阅读题型的特点还有解题规律。虽然做题技巧也有现成的，但是大家还是最好自己能总结一下，毕竟自己总结的做题技巧，自己勇气来也方便，才能更好的做题。这个时候阅读题一定要好好练啊，可千万别偷懒，时间真的很紧张。大家练习阅读的时候，一定要多反思、多总结。阅读题的做题量一定要上来，这个很重要，熟能生巧你懂的。《阅读基础90篇》是个挺好的阅读专项的书，阅读题真的好多。2.翻译、完形和新题型
这三个题型大家也要注意总结常考的考点，做历年真题的时候包这些题型的考点最好都整理出来。翻译部分尤其注意六大从句和非谓语动词的翻译；完形部分注意逻辑关系的把握和各类实词的总结归纳；新题型部分注意不同题目的出题特点和线索常常是不一样的。大家要根据不同的考查类型总结不同的解题思路。 第二阶段：十月 这个时候政治和专业课的复习会占用大部分的复习时间时间，留给英语的时间会相对少一些。这个时候最好是去做真题还有去积累一些作文写作的素材就行了。 练习真题的时候最好选择一个下午进行标准化测试，严格按照考试的时间。做完之后对答案，大家还是要注意总结每道题目的思路和考点。还有对答案的时候看看自己做错了哪些题，然后将每部分跳出来单独进行精读和分析。大家注意真题练习要放在一天的下午，精读和分析可以放在第二天早上。剩下的时间每天还应该再补充一定量的题型专项训练，阅读可以选择每天一篇，完形、翻译、新题型差开来练习，大家自己安排时间。这个时候对于作文就要进行先期准备，大家平时多读点经典的英文文章，在里面多积累一些好词好句，这些都是很好的写作语料。 第三阶段：十一月到十二月考前 最后的这八个星期大家一定要能沉下心来，把以前总结的错题都
2017考研英语（一）考试大纲 教育部中心在2016年8月26日颁布了《2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英 语(一)考试大纲》，与去年的考纲相比，今年的考纲未进行任何调整和变化。现在基于最 新大纲和历年真题命题规律，对2017年考研英语的考查要求和试卷结构进行全面分析。 从语言知识来看，新大纲中，对词汇的掌握和去年大纲要求完全一致，“考生应能掌 握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的 词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形 容词与介词，形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。”这种 具体要求主要体现在对词汇的微观掌握和记忆上：词汇基本知识(词性、词形、本义和引 申义等);词际关系(同义词、反义词、形近词，动词与介词、动词与副词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等词汇搭配关系);词汇“背景”(词源、词根、词干、词缀)。提出这样的具体 要求，就是提醒考生避免单词的死记硬背，要活学活用。各位考生完全可以继续按照既定的复习思路备考，但是要特别注意英语作为一门语言，运用是考查的最终目的。另外，提示广大考生，2013年考纲中新增的59个单词，在2014年的考试中已经有所体现，如2014年新题型所考查的一个学科领域archaeology就是大纲新增词汇，这些新增词汇就 是备考热点词。所以这59个单词仍然是复习2017考研英语的重点。 就语言技能而言，与2016年大纲相比，2017年大纲依然突出阅读和写作的重要性。关于阅读，强调“考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过 所读材料总词汇量的3%)”;关于写作，则强调考生“应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人 和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章(实际 就是应用文和图画作文)”，同时明确了阅读和写作的考查能力要求。总的来说，上述语言 知识和语言技能仍然是研究生入学英语考试的主要测评目标。 对比往年考点，接下来根据新大纲，万学·海文为广大学子全面解析2017年考研英 语的各个题型的总体要求和备考重点： 完形填空 完形填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解的基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力的考查，这是对完形填空的定位。透过大纲可以看出对完形填空考核的重点：语法、固定搭配、近义词辨析和逻辑关系。考生可从历年真题中按照这几大重点去准备和复习有关考研完形填空方面的知识点，这样可以做到事半功倍的效果。