粮油英语笔译Edible oil and fat processing
Edible oil is plant, animal, or synthetic fat used in frying, baking, and other types of cooking. It is also used in food preparation and flavouring that doesn't involve heat, such as salad dressings and bread dips, and in this sense might be more accurately termed edible oil. Food processing is the transformation of raw ingredients into food, or of food into other forms. Food processing typically takes clean, harvested crops or butchered animal products and uses these to produce attractive, marketable and often long shelf-life food products.
Cooking oil is typically a liquid, although some oils that contain saturated fat, such as coconut oil, palm oil and palm kernel oil, are solid at room temperature. Types of cooking oil include: olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, canola oil (rapeseed oil), pumpkin seed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, grape seed oil, sesame oil, argan oil, rice bran oil and other vegetable oils, as well as animal-based oils like butter and lard.Oil can be flavoured with aromatic foodstuffs such as herbs, chillies or garlic.
The appropriate amount of fat as a component of daily food consumption is a topic of some controversy. Some fat is required in the diet, and fat (in the form of oil) is also essential in many types of cooking. The FDA recommends that 30% or fewer of calories consumed daily should be from fat. Other nutritionists recommend that no more than 10% of a person's daily calories come from fat. In extremely cold environments, a diet that is up to two-thirds fat is acceptable and can, in fact, be critical to survival.
While consumption of small amounts of saturated fats is essential, initial
meta-analyses (1997, 2003) found a high correlation between high consumption of such fats and coronary heart disease. Surprisingly, however, more recent
meta-analyses (2009, 2010), based on cohort studies and on controlled, randomized trials, find a positive or neutral effect from shifting consumption from carbohydrate to saturated fats as a source of calories, and only a modest advantage for shifting from saturated to polyunsaturated fats (10% lower risk for 5% replacement).
Mayo Clinic has highlighted oils that are high in saturated fats, including coconut, palm oil and palm kernel oil. Those of lower amounts of saturated fats, and higher levels of unsaturated (preferably monounsaturated) fats like olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil, avocado, safflower, corn, sunflower, soy, mustard and cottonseed oils are generally healthier. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and World Heart Federation have urged saturated fats be replaced with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. The health body lists olive and canola oils as sources of monounsaturated oils while soybean and sunflower oils are rich with polyunsaturated fat. Results of research carried out in Costa Rica in 2005 suggest that consumption of non-hydrogenated unsaturated oils like soybean and sunflower are preferable to the consumption of palm oil.
Not all saturated fats have negative effects on cholesterol. Some studies indicate that Palmitic acid in palm oil does not behave like other saturated fats, and is neutral on cholesterol levels because it is equally distributed among the three "arms" of the triglyceride molecule. Further, it has been reported that palm oil consumption reduces blood cholesterol in comparison with other traditional sources of saturated fats such as coconut oil, dairy and animal fats.
Saturated fat is required by the body and brain to function properly. In fact, one study in Brazil compared the effects of soybean oil to coconut oil (a highly saturated fat) and found that while both groups showed a drop in BMI, the soybean oil group showed an increase in overall cholesterol (including a drop in HDL, the good cholesterol). The coconut oil group actually showed an increase in the HDL:LDL ratio (meaning there was more of the good cholesterol), as well as smaller waist sizes (something that was not shown in the soybean oil group.
In 2007, scientists Kenneth C. Hayes and Pramod Khosla of Brandeis University and Wayne State University indicated that the focus of current research has shifted from saturated fats to individual fats and percentage of fatty acids (saturates, monounsaturates, polyunsaturates) in the diet. An adequate intake of both
polyunsaturated and saturated fats is needed for the ideal LDL/HDL ratio in blood, as both contribute to the regulatory balance in lipoprotein metabolism.
Oils high in unsaturated fats may help to lower "bad" LDL cholesterol and may also raise "good" HDL cholesterol, though these effects are still under study. Peanut, cashew, and other nut-based oils may also present a hazard to persons with a nut allergy. A severe allergic reaction may cause anaphylactic shock and result in death.
Heating an oil changes its characteristics. Oils that are healthy at room temperature can become unhealthy when heated above certain temperatures. When choosing a cooking oil, it is important to match the oil's heat tolerance with the cooking method.
Palm oil contains more saturated fats than canola oil, corn oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, and sunflower oil. Therefore, palm oil can withstand the high heat of deep frying and is resistant to oxidation compared to highly unsaturated vegetable oils. Since about 1900, palm oil has been increasingly incorporated into food by the global commercial food industry because it remains stable in deep frying or in baking at very high temperatures and for its high levels of natural antioxidants.
Whether refined or not, all oils are sensitive to heat, light, and exposure to oxygen. Rancid oil has an unpleasant aroma and acrid taste, and its nutrient value is greatly diminished. To delay the development of rancid oil, a blanket of an inert gas, usually nitrogen, is applied to the vapor space in the storage container immediately after production. This is referred to as tank blanketing. Vitamin E oil is a natural antioxidant that can also be added to cooking oils to prevent rancidification.
All oils should be kept in a cool, dry place. Oils may thicken, but they will soon return to liquid if they stand at room temperature. To prevent negative effects of heat and light, oils should be removed from cold storage just long enough for use. Refined oils high in monounsaturated fats keep up to a year (olive oil will keep up to a few years), while those high in polyunsaturated fats keep about six months. Extra-virgin
and virgin olive oils keep at least 9 months after opening. Other monounsaturated oils keep well up to eight months, while unrefined polyunsaturated oils will keep only about half as long.
In contrast, saturated oils, such as coconut oil and palm oil, have much longer shelf lives and can be safely stored at room temperature. Their lack of polyunsaturated content causes them to be more stable.
Benefits of food processing include toxin removal, preservation, easing marketing and distribution tasks, and increasing food consistency. In addition, it increases yearly availability of many foods, enables transportation of delicate perishable foods across long distances and makes many kinds of foods safe to eat by de-activating spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms. Modern supermarkets would not exist without modern food processing techniques, and long voyages would not be possible.
Processed foods are usually less susceptible to early spoilage than fresh foods and are better suited for long distance transportation from the source to the consumer. When they were first introduced, some processed foods helped to alleviate food shortages and improved the overall nutrition of populations as it made many new foods available to the masses.
Processing can also reduce the incidence of food borne disease. Fresh materials, such as fresh produce and raw meats, are more likely to harbour pathogenic
micro-organisms (e.g. Salmonella) capable of causing serious illnesses.
The extremely varied modern diet is only truly possible on a wide scale because of food processing. Transportation of more exotic foods, as well as the elimination of much hard labour gives the modern eater easy access to a wide variety of food unimaginable to their ancestors. The act of processing can often improve the taste of food significantly. Libby's brand 'Potted Meat Food Product'
Modern food processing also improves the quality of life for people with allergies, diabetics, and other people who cannot consume some common food elements. Food processing can also add extra nutrients such as vitamins.
Any processing of food can affect its nutritional density. The amount of nutrients lost depends on the food and processing method. For example the heat destroys the Vitamin C. Therefore, canned fruits possess less vitamin C than their fresh alternatives. The USDA conducted a study in 2004, creating a nutrient retention table for several foods.[6] A cursory glance of the table indicates that, in the majority of foods, processing reduces nutrients by a minimal amount. On average this process reduces any given nutrient by as little as 5%-20%.
Using food additives represents another safety concern. The health risks of any given additive vary greatly from person to person; for example using sugar as an additive endangers diabetics. In the European Union, only European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) approved food additives (e.g., sweeteners, preservatives, stabilizers) are permitted at specified levels for use in food products. Approved additives receive an E number (E for Europe), simplifying communication about food additives included in the ingredients' list for all the different languages spoken in the EU.
Food processing is typically a mechanical process that utilizes large mixing, grinding, chopping and emulsifying equipment in the production process. These processes inherently introduce a number of contamination risks. As a mixing bowl or grinder is used over time the food contact parts will tend to fail and fracture. This type of failure will introduce into the product stream small to large metal contaminants. Further processing of these metal fragments will result in downstream equipment failure and the risk of ingestion by the consumer. Food manufacturers utilize industrial metal detectors to detect and reject automatically any metal fragment. Large food processors will utilize many metal detectors within the processing stream to reduce both damage to processing machinery as well as risk to consumer health.
1 Lesson 1 In the Garden 1. Listen to the story and then read it with lots of expression. （听录音，然后有感情地朗读故事。） 2. Tick the right box. （选择正确答案。） (1) When the key began to glow, what were Biff and Chip doing? Playing in the sandpit. (2) Chip saw something he didn’t like. What was it? A mountain. A desert. A bumble bee. (3) How did they get down the mountain? In a bottle. (4) What did the cat do to the bottle? It pushed it with its paw. It picked up the bottle in its mouth. (5) Why did Kipper want a drink? Everyone was very cold. Everyone was very hot. (6) Why did they hide under a flowerpot? It began to rain. The cat wanted to get them. (7) Why couldn’t Chip see? He was in the bottle. He had the flowerpot on his head.
英语语法专业术语表达 英语语法语语语语表达 1. Morphology 语法 2,Notional Words 语语语3, Form Words 虚语 4,Parts of Speech 语语 5,The Noun 名语 6,The Pronoun 代语 7,The Numeral 数语 8,The Verb 语语 9,The Adjective 形容语 10. The Adverb 副语 11. The Article 冠语 12. The Preposition 介语 13. The conjunction 语语 14. The Interjection 感语语15. The Particle 小品语 16. Word Building 构语法17. Conversion 语化 18. Derivation 派生 19. Composition 合成 20. Prefix 前语 21. Suffix 后语 22. Compound Words 合成语23. Classification of Nouns 名语的分语
24. Common Nouns 普通名语 25. Proper Nouns 语有名语26. Countable Nouns 可名语数27. Uncountable Nouns 不可名语数28. The Singular Form 语形式数29. The Plural Form 语形式数 30. Individual Nouns个体名语31. Collective Nouns集名语体32. Material Nouns物语名语33. Abstract Nouns抽象名语34. The Common Case普通格35. The Possessive Case所有格36, Personal Pronouns 人代语称37. Possessive Pronouns物主代语38. Self Pronouns反身代语39. Demonstrative Pronouns指示代语40. Interrogative Pronouns疑语代语不意达41. Conjunctive Pronouns语接代语42. Relative Pronouns语系代语43. Indefinite Pronouns不定代语44. Reciprocal Pronouns相互代语45. The Subjective Case主格46. The Objective Case语格47. Cardinal Numerals基语数48. Ordinal Numerals 序语数49. Fractional Numerals分语数50,Notional Verbs语意语语 51. Link Verbs语系语语 52. Auxiliary Verbs助语语 53. Modal Verbs情语语语 54. Transitive Verbs及物语语 55. Intransitive Verbs不及物语语56. Regular Verbs语语语语 57. Irregular Verbs不语语语语 58. Person人称 59. Number数 60. Tense语语 61. Voice语语 62. Mood语气
新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结 Unti1 what’s the matter? 短语归纳 1.too much 太多 2.lie down 躺下 3.get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温 5.put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧 7.take breaks /take a break 休息 8.without thinking twice 没多想 9.get off 下车 10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院11.wait for等待12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的thanks to多亏于；由于 14.in time及时 15.think about 考虑 16.have a heart problem患有心脏病 17.get into the trouble 遇到麻烦 18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情19.fall down 摔倒 20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上 21.get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤 22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣 23.be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战 25.lose one’s life 失去生命 26.because of 因为 27.run out of 用完 28.cut off 切除 29.get out of 从...出来 30.make a decision/decisions 做决定31.be in control of 掌管；管理 32.give up 放弃 用法归纳 1.need to do sth .需要去做某事 2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 3.ask sb sth 询问某人某事 4.expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 5.agree to do sth 想要做某事 6.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 7.want to do sth 想要做某事 8.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 9.have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 https://www.doczj.com/doc/095202667.html,e sth to do sth用某物去做某事11.be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 12.seem to do sth 好像做某事 13.keep on doing sth 继续做某事 14.mind doing sth 介意做某事 语法点
Lesson 9 Paraphrase 1. …with a face that seem totally unfamiliar with laughter… ...with a face that was dead serious, never laughed. 2. Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get mixed up in a Saturday-night brawl… Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get involved in a rough, noisy quarrel or fight on a Saturday night after much drinks of liquor. 3. … her attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork negligible. She often missed her classes and had little interest in schoolwork. 4. …she existed for me only as a vaguely embarrassing presence… I only knew her as someone who would make other people feel ill at ease because of the way she looked, spoke and behaved. 5. She dwelt and moved somewhere within my scope of vision. She lived and moved somewhere within my range of sight. But I paid little attention to her: she was almost invisible for me. 6. Grandmother Macleod and Piquette, Piquette would win hands down, nits or not. If my mother had to make a choice between Grandmother Macleod Piquette, she would certainly choose the latter without hesitation, no matter whether the latter had the nits or not. 7. My acquaintance with Indians was not extensive. I didn’t know many Indians. 8. …she remained both a reproach and a mystery to me. I blame myself ( for being unable to make Piquette’s response warmer) and the same time found her mysterious 9. Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope. Normally, she was defensive and sensitive as if her face were guarded and marked. But in a brief moment when she was saying this, there was an expression of defiance on her face, which was her true emotion. In her eyes there was a kind of hope which was so intense and violent that it stuck people as terrifying. 10. …she looked a mess, to tell you the truth, a real slattern, dress any old how… She looked very messy, dirty and untidy, dressed in a very careless way. 11. She was up in court a couple of times --- drunk and disorderly, of course. She was taken to court a couple of times because she was drunk and disorderly as one could expect. 12. The one store had become several dozen, and the settlement had all the attributes of a flourishing resort --- hotels, a dance-hall, cafés with noen signs, the penetrating odours of potato chips and hot dogs. There had been only one store in the past, but now there were several dozen stores. The settlement had all the characteristics of a flourishing resort such as hotels, a dance-hall, cafes lighted by neon signs, the strong smells of potato chips and hot dogs.
英语语法专业术语 本次听写要求：挑选部分英语术语打在PPT上，学生按序号写出相应中文术语。（一）词类part of speech 实词notional word ['n?u??n?l] 虚词structural word/ form word (e.g. article preposition conjunction interjection) 派生词derivative [di'riv?tiv, d?'riv?tiv] 复合词compound ['k?mpaund,k?m'paund] 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form ['plu?r?l, 'plur?l] 抽象名词abstract noun [?b'str?kt,'?bstr?kt] 具体名词concrete noun ['k?nkri:t] 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb ['tr?nsitiv, 'tr?ns?tiv] 不及物动词intransitive verb [in'tr?nsitiv, in'tr?ns?tiv] 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb [?:g'zilj?ri] 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb ['freizl, 'freiz?l] 限定动词finite verb ['fainait] 非限定动词infinite verb ['infinit, 'inf?nit] 使役动词causative verb ['k?:z?tiv] 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 形容词adjective 比较等级degrees of comparison ☆原级positive degree ☆比较级comparative degree
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 表达个人主张和意见 学会表达对未来的预测和想法 1.一般将来时will的用法 People will have robots in their rooms. There will be more pollution. 2.more,less 和fewer用于表示数量的用法 More/fewer + countable nouns More/less + uncountable nouns skateboard, shop, junk, chip, unhealthy surf, cola , lifestyle, yuck, interviewer how often, high school, as for, junk food , how many , of course, look after, a lot of 1. in the future 在将来 2. live to (be) …years old 活到……岁 3. in 100 years 一百年后 4. free time 空闲时间 5. talk about 谈论，谈及，谈到 6. high school 高中 7. computer programmer 电脑程序员 8. space station 太空站 9. fall in love with …爱上……
10. go skating 去滑冰 11. be able to 能，会 12. on vacation 度假 13. the World Cup 世界杯 14. keep a pet pig 饲养一头宠物猪 15. job interview 工作面试 16. fly to 飞往 17. come true 实现，成为现实 18. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 19. one’s own …某人自己的…… 20. science fiction movies 科幻影片 21. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事 22. hundreds of 数百，成百上千的 23. the same as 和……相同 24. wake up 醒来；唤醒 25. talk to/with 和……交谈 26. try to do sth. 试图做某事，尽力做某事 27. get bored 变得厌倦 28. over and over (again) 一次又一次，再三地 1.对自己，他人以及环境的未来发展进行预测。 2. 了解一些科学常识。1能听懂接近正常语速，熟悉话题的语段，识别主题，获取主要信息。
高级英语复习资料 一, 单词 preoccupation ( n.) :a matter which takes up an one's attention令人全神贯注的事物 oblivious ( adj.) :forgetful or unmindful(usually with of or to)忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用) gigantic ( adj.) :very big；huge；colossal；immense巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的 heave (v．) :utter(a sign，groan，etc．)with great effort or pain(费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等) arresting (adj.) :attracting attention；interesting；striking引人注目的；有趣的 slay ( v.) :(slew或slayed, slain，slaying)kill or destroy in a violent way杀害；毁掉 linger ( v．) :continue to live or exist although very close to death or the end苟延；历久犹存 agony ( n.) :very great mental or physical pain(精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦 demolish ( v．) :pull down，tear down，or smash to pieces拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏 humiliate ( v．) :hurt the pride or dignity of by causing to be or seem foolish or contemptible使受辱，使丢脸 totter ( v.) :be unsteady on one's feet；stagger蹒跚而行 lame (adj. ) :crippled；disabled；esp. having an injured leg or foot that makes one limp瘸的；残废的 shuffle ( n.) :a slow dragging walk拖着脚走 flicker ( v．) :move with a quick，light，wavering motion摇曳，摇动；晃动 recompose ( v. ) : restore to composure使恢复镇静 hug ( v．) :hold(someone)tightly in the arms搂抱；紧抱 peek ( v．) :glance or look quickly and furtively，esp. through an opening or from behind something(尤指从缝隙或隐蔽处)偷看；窥视 stoop ( v．) :bend(the head and shoulders)forwards and down屈身；弯腰 scrap ( n.) :a small piece；bit；fragment；shred小片；碎片 slam ( v．) :shut or allow to shut with force and noise使劲关(门等)；砰地(把门等)关上 scrape ( v．) :(cause to)rub roughly(使)磨擦 indistinguishable ( adj. ) : that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的 devoid ( adj.) :completely without；empty or destitute(of)完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of) ferocious ( adj.) :fierce；savage；violently cruel凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的 hideous ( adj.) :horrible to see，hear etc．；very ugly or revolting；dreadful骇人听闻的；非常丑陋的；可怕的swarm ( n.) :a moving mass，crowd，or throng(移动的)大群，大堆
Have you read Part 1 1 The Goblin King looked at the children. His small eyes glinted and he snapped his long, thin fingers. "How do you want to die" he asked. 妖精王看着孩子们。他的小眼睛闪闪发光，折断了细长的手指。 “你想怎么死”他问道。 2 "We want to die of old age," said Hong. "Grrr! That is the right answer," said the Goblin King."So I must let you go." He opened the door of the cage. “我们想老死，”洪说。 “啊啊！这是正确的答案，”妖精王说。“所以我必须让你走。” 他打开笼子的门。 3 "Brilliant!" said Chip."But how did you know the right answer" "I don't know," said Hong."I just did." "Let’s find the next riddle," said Ty. “太棒了！”Chip说。“但是你怎么知道正确的答案” “我不知道，”洪说。“我刚刚做了。” “让我们找到下一个谜语，”泰说。 4 "The goblins still have the magic key," said Biff."We must get it back." Give us back our key," said Chip. "No," said a goblin."We won"t." "Give it back!" shouted Chip. "Make us!" called the Goblins. Hong had an idea. He spoke to the Goblin King. “妖精们仍然有魔法钥匙，”Biff说。“我们必须把它拿回来。” 把钥匙还给我们，”Chip说。 “不，”一个妖精说。“我们不会。” “还给我！”Chip喊道。 “让我们！”妖精大喊。 洪有个主意。他和地精国王谈过了。 5 "We will ask you a riddle," Hong said. "You must give us back the key if you can"t answer it." "All right," said the Goblin King. "What is the riddle" “我们会问你一个谜语，”洪说。 “如果你不能回答，你必须把钥匙还给我们。"
英语语法专业术语 语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable no 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concrete noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective
副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interrogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite 物主代词 possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place
初二英语下册语法 现在进行时的基本用法 1.表示说话时正在进行的动作 常和now 连用，有时用一个look、listen ,来表now 这一时间概念。*Look! A train is coming .看，火车来了。 *Listen! He is playing the piano.听，他在弹琴。 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作 但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present ,this week ,these days…等时间状语连用。 *What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了？（说话时并不在学） 3.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动 作 即是说可以用来代替将来时，但此时，一般要与表示将来时的时间状语连用，而且仅限于少量动词。如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep *Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津吗? *How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会？
一般将来时 1.be going to+ 动词原形~ 对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时，皆以be going to + 动词原形的句型来表示。 因此此句型有be动词，所以是否用am, is, are ,决定于主语。 肯定句：主语+be (is, am, are) going to +动词原形 I am going to play football next Sunday. 下周日我打算踢足球。They are going to meet outside the school gate. 他们打算在校门口见面。 It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 否定句：主语+be (am, are, is) not going to +动词原形 We are not going to have any classes next week. 下周我们不上课。 I’m not going to be a teacher.我不打算当老师。 He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow.他明天不准备去看他哥哥。 疑问句：Be (Am, Is, Are) +主语+ going to + 动词原形 Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你长大了，打算当一名医生吗？ will 同be going to 的用法相同
2013-14（1）高级英语一复习材料 考试题型： 1. 阅读理解20% 2. 词汇选择20% 3. 句型短语（中翻英）20% 4. 句子翻译（英翻中）20% 5. 复合句应用20% 一、翻译练习： Unit 1 1.Does it feel like you're being torn in all directions? Like you're getting stressed out? Like every teacher thinks his or her class is the only one you're taking? Like everything is coming down on you all at once, and you're not sure you can, or even want to, withstand the pressure? Do things feel like they are out of control? （para.1） 你是不是感觉正被往四处拉扯？压力重重？感觉每位老师都认为你仅修他这门课？感觉顷刻之间所有的事情向你压过来，而你却拿不定你能不能，甚至想不想承受这种压力？一切似乎不可驾驭？ 27 / 1
2.The useful part of this understanding is that if we determine it, then we can control it. We determine meaning! We are in control!（para.5）这个认识的有用之处在于：如果我们决定压力，我们就可控制它。是我们确定意义的！我们处在控制这方! 3.What if you're having trouble at home, then you're having some relationship problems, and maybe some small problems with a roommate and then a couple of exams on top of that?(para.9) 如果你在家里麻烦不断；有一些人际问题，或许是与室友的小问题；除此之外，还有几场考试等着你，你该怎么办呢？ 4.We all have to get old, but how we decide to approach getting old makes all the difference. It's not the destination; it's the ride! (para.15) 我们都会衰老，可决定如何走向衰老却大不相同。衰老不是目的，而是过程。 5.For your own sake, and for the sake of finding renewed motivation, end unpleasant relationships, and don't wallow in feelings of hostility, antagonism, or revenge.(para.22) 为了你自己，也为了找回新的推动力，了断不愉快的人际关系，不要沉浸在敌意、对抗或复仇的情绪之中。 6. But in every situation, you have options. That is, you have opportunities to bring to bear your own unique personality. You have 27 / 2
英语语法专业术语表达( The Noun 名词 The Pronoun 代词 The Numeral 数词 The Verb 动词 The Adjective 形容词 The Adverb 副词 The Article 冠词 The Preposition 介词 The conjunction 连词 The Interjection 感叹词Classification of Nouns 名词的分类Common Nouns 普通名词 Proper Nouns 专有名词Countable Nouns 可数名词Uncountable Nouns 不可数名词The Singular Form 单数形式 The Plural Form 复数形式Individual Nouns个体名词Collective Nouns集体名词
Material Nouns物质名词Abstract Nouns抽象名词 The Possessive Case所有格Personal Pronouns 人称代词Possessive Pronouns物主代词Self Pronouns反身代词Demonstrative Pronouns指示代词Interrogative Pronouns疑问代词Conjunctive Pronouns连接代词Relative Pronouns关系代词Indefinite Pronouns不定代词 The Subjective Case主格 The Objective Case宾格Cardinal Numerals基数词Ordinal Numerals 序数词Fractional Numerals分数词Notional Verbs实意动词 Link Verbs 连系动词 Auxiliary Verbs助动词 Modal Verbs情态动词 Transitive Verbs及物动词Intransitive Verbs不及物动词
初二下册英语知识点总结 ◆unit 1 Will people have robots? 知识点： 1．形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视： a)表示A与B在程度上相同时，“as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时，可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。 b)表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时，可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构 c)表示三者或三者以上的比较，其中一个在程度上“最…..”时，常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构，后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。（注意：副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.） d)在形容词或副词的比较级前，可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰，以加强语气。 e)表示“越来越….”时，常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构，但要注意，对于多音节和部分双音节形容词，副词而言，若要表达此意时，要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。 f)在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时，常使用“one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构，其中的定冠词the不可以省略。 g)如果强调“两者中比较…的（一个）”的意思时，可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。 h)表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级，the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。 2 .一般将来时 a)一般将来时的构成：由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll， will not常简略为won’t。这个时态的肯定，否定和疑问结 b)一般将来时的用法：1）表示将要发生的动作或情况；2）不以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。 3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态；after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某一时间为起点
00600《高级英语》复习资料 重要词组总汇 In return 作为（对某物）的付款或回报What do we give them in return. Conceive of 想像、认为 I laughed to myself at the men and the ladies. Who never conceived of us billion-dollar Babies（俚语：人）。 对于那些认为我们从不会成为腰缠万贯的巨富的先生和女士们，我们总是暗自嘲笑他们。 Scores of 很多Scores of young people. Strike sb. as … 给某人留下印象make an impression on sb These conclusion strike me as reasonable.我认为他们的话是合情合理的 Drop out 脱离传统社会 Ever since 自从 In hopes of 怀着…希望 Ever since civilization began，certain individuals（人）have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler，more pastoral田园的，and more peaceful life Support oneself 自食其力 Run out of 没有，用完，耗尽 Our planet is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes. 我们地球上高尚的野蛮人和未玷污的地方越来越少 the other way （round）相反 come off 成功These are the ones whose revolutions did not come off. In need of 需要 It dawns on a familiar, workaday place,still in need of groceries and sewage disposal. 它洒在一个司空见惯，平凡庸 碌的地方，一个仍然无法摆脱食品 杂货，污水处理的地方。 In short supply 供应不足，短缺 Break down 瓦解，崩溃Broke down our resolve. 丧失了我们的决 心 Out of work 失业 dawn on sb. 逐渐明白It dawned on us rather suddenly that the number of passengers on the small spaceship we inhabit is doubling about every forty years. Come down （from…）（to…） 从一处来到另一处 Eat sth. up 吃光 In profusion 大量地 She had magnificent高尚的华 丽的blonde hair，in profusion. Take a shot 猜测 As a point of departure 起点As doctors often do I take a trial shot at it as a point of departure.作为医生我 经常根据猜测可能出现的总是进行 提问 as yet 到现在为止As yet，no man has set foot on Mars.到目前为 止还没有人登上火星。 Get somewhere 有进展，取得 一些成就 If only 只要If only they wouldn‘t use the word “hurt” I might be able to get somewhere. Up to sb. 取决于某人 So long as 只要 Fall in love with 爱上 After all，I had already fallen in love with the savage brat野蛮的乳臭 未干是小孩，the parents were contemptible to me. Let out 发出（叫喊） She let out a scream of terror.她 发出恐怖的叫喊。 Hold sb. down 控制住某人，压 制某人I tried to hold myself down but I couldn‘t. Open up 张开 She open up for an instant but before I could see anything she came down again and gripped the wooden blade between her molars.臼齿 Reduce sth. to 将…化为（变成） She reduced spatula压舌板to splinters碎片before I could get it out Through with. 结束We are going to through with this. Go at sth. 努力做某事 He went at the job with a lot of energy. 他工作卖力 Tear sb/sth apart 严厉地批 评…，彻底毁灭… I could have torn the child apart in my own fury 狂怒暴怒and enjoyed it. Bred of … 由…造成 But a blind fury不顾一切的狂 怒，a feeling of adult shame，bred of a longing for muscular release are the operative.由于渴望释放男人的 体力而产生的不理智的愤怒，和成 年人的羞辱而使我继续下去，坚持 到底。 On the defensive 采取守势She had been on the defensive before but now she attacked. Fly at 冲上去攻击某人Tried to get off her father‘s lap and fly at me while tears of defeat blinded her eyes. Come to light 为人所知New evidence has recently come to light At one‘s request 应某人之请求 An anonymous 匿名的doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer patient at her own request. Rumble隆隆声，抱怨声on 继 续下去